| 释义 |
pyroxylin Chem.|paɪˈrɒksɪlɪn|
Also improp. -ine.
[In 1, f. pyro- + Gr. ξύλ-ον wood + -in1; in 2, ad. F. pyroxyline (Pelouze 1846), f. as pyroxyle + ine, -in1.]
†1. = pyroxanthin. Obs.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 1053 Pyroxiline is a name which I have ventured to give to a substance detected by Mr. Scanlan..and..called by him Eblanin [cf. pyroxanthin, quot. 1838].
2. Any one of the class of explosive compounds, including gun-cotton, produced by treating vegetable fibre with nitric acid, or with a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids; chemically, they are nitrates of cellulose, (C6H10O5)n, in which a varying number of OH groups are replaced by ONO2 groups. Thus, gun-cotton is cellulose trinitrate {ob}C6H7(NO3)3O2{cb}n. A solution of soluble pyroxylin forms collodion.
1847Dana in Webster, Pyroxyline, Pyroxyle, a term embracing gun-cotton and all other explosive substances which are obtained by immersing vegetable fibre in nitric acid, or a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid, and then suffering it to dry. 1866–8Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 777 The term ‘pyroxylin’ is sometimes applied especially to the more highly nitrated compounds; but it is much better to use this term as a generic name for all the substitution-compounds formed by the action of nitric acid on cellulose, and to designate as ‘gun-cotton’ the most highly nitrated compound, trinitrocellulose,..the only one adapted for use in gunnery. 1883Hardwich's Photogr. Chem. (ed. Taylor) 80 Photographic Pyroxyline is prepared with hot acids, heat being found remarkably to modify the products. Ibid. 158 In preparing a Pyroxyline for fluid and adhesive Collodion. |