| 释义 |
sym-, prefix|sɪm|
repr. Gr. συµ-, assimilated form of συν- syn-1, before labials (β, µ, π, ϕ, ψ), hence in words of Greek derivation in Latin and modern languages before b, m, p. symmorphic |sɪˈmɔːfɪk|, a. nonce-wd. [f. Gr. σύµµορϕος (µορϕή form) + -ic], having the same or a like form; conformed; so syˈmmorphism, likeness of form, condition of being conformed. sympalmograph |sɪmˈpælməʊgrɑːf, -æ-| [Gr. παλµός vibration: see -graph], an apparatus for exhibiting the combination of vibrations, consisting of a double pendulum the two parts of which can be caused to vibrate in different directions and at varying rates, with a style attached so as to trace the resulting curves on a prepared surface. sympatetic |sɪmpəˈtɛtɪk|, nonce-wd. [after peripatetic], a fellow-walker, a companion in a walk. sympelmous |sɪmˈpɛlməs|, a. Ornith. (also erron. syn-) [Gr. πέλµα sole of the foot: see -ous], having the tendons of the deep flexors of the toes united before separating to each of the four digits. symperitoneal |sɪmˌpɛrɪtəʊˈniːəl|, a. (see quot.). sympetalous |sɪmˈpɛtələs|, a. Bot. (also erron. syn-), having the petals united; gamopetalous. symphaˈlangism Anat. [L. phalang-: see phalanx], a condition in which the middle phalanx of a finger or toe is properly developed in length but its proximal (or distal) joint is imperfect or absent. ˈsymphile Ent., an insect that lives with ants or other social insects as a guest in a relationship of symphilism; hence symˈphilic a., pertaining to or being a symphile; also fig. symphilism |ˈsɪmfɪlɪz(ə)m|, Biol. [ad. G. symphilie (M. E. Wasmann 1896, in 3me Congr. Internat. Zool. 412), f. Gr. συµϕιλεῖν to love mutually + -ism], term for a kind of friendly symbiosis or commensalism existing between ants or termites and certain other insects which they feed and tend as guests, and which in some cases yield a sweet substance as food for them; also symphily |ˈsɪmfɪlɪ| [ad. Gr. συµϕιλία]. Hence symphilous |ˈsɪmfɪləs| a., characterized by symphily. symphonesis |sɪmfəˈniːsɪs|, Philol. [Gr. ϕώνησις phonesis; cf. Gr. συµϕώνησις agreement] (see quot. and ding-dong C. 1). symphonetic |sɪmfəˈnɛtɪk|, a. [Gr. ϕωνητικός phonetic], (a) Mus., consisting of parts in harmony; polyphonic; (b) Philol., exhibiting symphonesis. symphrase |ˈsɪmfreɪz|, Gram., a word consisting of a phrase or number of words run into one. symphrattic |sɪmˈfrætɪk|, a. Geol. [irreg. f. Gr. συµϕράττειν to press together + -ic], produced by pressure, as regionally metamorphosed rocks; so symˈphrattism, metamorphism caused by pressure. symphronistic |sɪmfrəˈnɪstɪk| a. nonce-wd. [f. Gr. συµϕρονεῖν to be of one mind; after synchronistic], involving coincidence or identity of thought; embodying the same ideas. ˈsymphylan, ˈsymphylid adjs. and ns. Ent. [mod.L. Symphyla, name of a class of arthropods (J. A. Ryder 1880, in Amer. Naturalist XIV. 376), f. Gr. ϕυλή tribe: so called from their combining characteristics of several other classes], (of or pertaining to) an arthropod of the class Symphyla, the members of which resemble centipedes, having soft bodies and many legs. symphyllous |sɪmˈfɪləs|, a. Bot. [Gr. ϕύλλον leaf: see -ous], having the perianth-leaves united; gamophyllous. ‖ sympneuma |sɪmˈpnjuːmə|, pl. -ata [Gr. πνεῦµα spirit], a supposed companion spirit, or spiritual bride or bridegroom; hence sympneuˈmatic a., of or pertaining to a ‘sympneuma’; so symˈpneumatism, the theory of ‘sympneumata’; also, agreement in ‘spirit’, disposition, or mental attitude. sympolar |sɪmˈpəʊlə(r)|, a. Geom., reciprocally polar: said of a pair of polyhedra so related that every face of each corresponds to a summit of the other. sympolity |sɪmˈpɒlɪtɪ| [Gr. συµπολίτης fellow-citizen, after polity], mutual relation of, or a body of, fellow-citizens. ˈsymport Biochem. [after transport n.], flow of two substances through a membrane in the same direction in which the rate is increased by a cooperative effect. † sympresbyter obs. (also erron. syn-) [ad. Gr. συµπρεσβύτερος (1 Pet. v. 1)], a fellow-presbyter, fellow-elder. sympsychograph |sɪmˈpsaɪkəʊgrɑːf, -græf|, nonce-wd. [psychograph], an imaginary composite portrait produced by superposition of images of the same object as conceived by different minds; so sympsyˈchographer, -graphy.
1851G. S. Faber Many Mansions 103 Our spiritualised human bodies..thus conformed or (as the Greek has it [Philipp. iii. 21])..made *symmorphic to his spiritualised Body.
Ibid., They would neither have this declared *symmorphism, nor..be fitted for a perpetual abode..with the Lord their glorious pattern.
1895C. E. Benham in Engineering 26 July 127 (title) The *Sympalmograph.
1832Maginn in Blackw. Mag. XXXII. 413 Without..interrupting..the dialogue of the two venerable *sympatetics.
1890Seebohm in Ibis Jan. 31 In *synpelmous birds the plantars do not cross each other at the back of the tarsus.., but coalesce at the point where they usually cross. 1885Stand. Nat. Hist. (1888) IV. 369 An arrangement to be called synpelmous, since the two tendons are completely blended... The synpelmous distribution of the deep plantar tendons obtains especially in the swifts, humming birds..and their allies. 1898Syd. Soc. Lex., Sympelmous.
1903Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 3), *Symperitoneal..uniting two or more parts of the peritoneum artificially.
1870A. W. Bennett in Jrnl. Bot. June 192, I would propose..terms similar to those applied to the pistil, where we use ‘apocarpous’, and ‘syncarpous’... The terms ‘aposepalous’, ‘synsepalous’, ‘apopetalous’, and ‘*synpetalous’, would at once convey their meanings.
1877― tr. Thomé's Bot. 129 The corolla is gamopetalous or *sympetalous (less correctly ‘monopetalous’), when the petals are more or less coherent.
1916H. Cushing in Genetics I. 91 This paper will present a much more complete family record of an inherited trait... The malformation will be designated *symphalangism. 1943Jrnl. Heredity XXXI. 344/1 Similar reports of abnormalities of hands and feet including symphalangism, syndactylism, and polydactyly..seem to agree that many anatomical anomalies may be inherited as single dominant traits. 1965Arch. Internal Med. CXV. 580/1 Symphalangism (congenital fusion of the phalanges) is occasionally associated with brachydactyly.
1910*Symphile [see synœkete s.v. syn-]. 1960H. Oldroyd tr. Jeannel's Introd. Entomol. viii. 212 The greater number of symphiles are beetles, cherished by the ants, and carried with them wherever the nest is moved, but nevertheless terrible enemies of the colony because of the great damage they do to it. 1971E. O. Wilson Insect Societies xx. 403/1 Many of the better⁓integrated symphiles dispense attractive substances to their hosts from epidermal glands.
1919W. Osler Old Humanities & New Sci. ii. 12 This attention is what our *symphilic community—to use a biological term—bestows on you. 1927H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe Guests of Brit. Ants p. xvi, They mostly possess characteristic or ‘symphilic’ colours and texture—a yellow-red, with an oily looking surface. 1971E. O. Wilson Insect Societies xx. 403/2 A large percentage of the symphilic beetles..possess peculiar tufts of red or golden hairs.
1903Nature 12 Feb. 351/1 The phenomenon of ‘*symphilism’, that is to say, the harbouring of insects, &c., of various foreign species in the nests of ants and termites. It is stated that the number of *symphilous arthropods exceeds a hundred.
1899D. Sharp in Cambridge Nat. Hist. VI. 183 The relations between ants and their guests..Wasmann..arranges..in four categories: 1, ‘*Symphily’ for the true guests, which are fed and tended by the ants, the guests often affording some substance the ants delight in.
1872A. J. Ellis Presid. Addr. to Philol. Soc. 13 The Dingdong! theory..; let us call it *symphonesis.
1721A. Malcolm Treat. Mus. xi. §2. 332 A compound Song is where Two or more Voices go together,..so that the Melody each of them makes, is a distinct and different simple Song..; ..all such Compositions are very properly called *symphonetick Musick, or Musick in Parts.
1872A. J. Ellis Presid. Addr. to Philol. Soc. 15 Is it [sc. the word ‘scrumptious’] interjectional, imitational, or symphonetic?
1893Smithsonian Rep. 41 He was able to ascertain and formulate the principles..governing the number, kind, and position of notional stems in *symphrases, or word-sentences.
1904A. W. Grabau in Amer. Geol. Apr. 236 note, Rocks of this type may be called *symphrattic rocks.
Ibid. 236 Whether the metamorphism be due..to mountain making processes (regional or dynamo-metamorphism, or *symphrattism).
1828Carlyle Germ. Rom. IV. 145 Another series of..occurrences, not so much of a synchronistic, as of a *symphronistic kind.
1898A. S. Packard Text-bk. Entomol. 21 He..believed that the Symphyla are the forerunners of the myriapods, and not of the insects, his genealogical tree representing the *symphylan and thysanuran phyla as originating from the same point. 1964U. Lanham Insects i. 19 Two of these classes [of many-legged arthropods]— the pauropods and the symphylans—are small, obscure creatures... The other two—centipedes and millipedes—are larger, more conspicuous. 1979W. D. Russell-Hunter Life of Invertebrates xvi. 301 In some structural features, symphylans resemble the centipedes and in others the apterygote insects.
1936Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. III. 14 The contention that the opisthogoneate condition in insects has been derived from *Symphylid stock. Ibid. 16 The heart, haemocoel, fat-body and anal glands have all been inherited from the Symphylids. 1973Nature 16 Nov. 128/1 It is of interest that certain of the symphilids carry styli on the base of the second and third pairs of legs. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XII. 771/1 Symphilid species are small, fragile, and lacking pigmentation.
1877A. W. Bennett tr. Thomé's Bot. 134 The perianth..may be gamophyllous or *symphyllous..on the one hand; or [etc.].
1885L. Oliphant Sympneumata v. 81 United with a ‘*Sympneuma’ free from the gross external covering of outer body.
Ibid. xii. 179 The electric *sympneumatic life. Ibid. xiii. 201 The conscious notes echoed from the unconscious sympneumatic depths.
1891Pall Mall G. 9 July 2/2 The *sympneumatism between the Times and the ‘Tories' Last Hope’. 1892Daily News 16 July 5/2 The young lord who is bitten by ‘Sympneumatism’, or the theories of Mr. Laurence Oliphant.
1873B. Gregory Holy Cath. Ch. xv. 146 There does arise a new *sympolity, a fellow-citizenship of the saints.
1963P. Mitchell in Biochem. Soc. Symp. XXII. 148 Over a certain range of concentration, the asymmetry of distribution of the molecules of one substrate across the membrane gives rise to an increased flow of the second substrate in the same direction. We will call this type of coupled movement *symport. 1978Nature 2 Mar. 97/1 There are discussions of algal ion transport and of Na+/organic solute cotransport (symport).
1671Baxter Power Mag. & Ch. Pastors ii. §44. 35 The Major Vote of his *Syn-Presbyters are against it. a1677Barrow Serm. Heb. xiii. 17, Wks. 1686 III. 280 The same titles, which the Apostles assumed to themselves, they ascribe to their Sympresbyters.
1896D. S. Jordan in Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 601 We are enabled to present a copy of the resultant *sympsychograph.
Ibid. 602 One suggestion was that this was the blind spot on the retina in each of the *sympsychographers.
Ibid. 601 From seven ideals, sympathetically combined, the true cat would be developed. This combination is the essence of *sympsychography. |