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单词 yaw
释义

yawn.1

Brit. /jɔː/, U.S. //, //
Forms: Also 1600s yawe, yogh.
Etymology: Related to yaw v.1
Nautical, Aeronautics, and Astronautics.
1. An act of yawing; a movement of deviation from the direct course, as from bad steering; angular motion or displacement about a yawing axis.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [noun] > ability to answer helm > tendency to go off course > swerving or deviation
yaw1546
yawinga1614
sheering1627
veeringa1682
sheer1694
sheer-off1808
society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > [noun] > motion round vertical axis
yawing1915
yaw1916
society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > aerodynamic forces and concepts > [noun] > moments acting on aircraft
pitching moment1880
rolling moment1880
yaw1916
1546 Bp. S. Gardiner Declar. True Articles 91 Lyke a shyppe without anker holde or rother, ye wander as the variable wynde tosseth you, and so make yawes in and oute, without any right course.
?1565 J. Hawkins 2nd Voy. (1878) 9 To make three yawes, and strike the Myson three times.
1667 High Court of Admiralty Exam. 5 Nov. 77 Made a yogh.
1697 London Gaz. No. 3315/1 I crouded Sail to Leeward to him,..making a little Yaw sometimes to shew my French Ensign.
1726 H. de Saumarez in Philos. Trans. 1725 (Royal Soc.) 33 425 It cannot be expected but that a Ship before the Wind will deviate from her true Course, sometimes one Way, sometimes another, in her Yaws and Sheers.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §254 (note) The boat took a sudden yaw or sheer, which canted me overboard.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxxiii. 418 Another wide yaw and a come-to, snapped the guys.
1875 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. (ed. 2) iii. 59 If under steam, a slight yaw with the helm will serve to show the direction you intend to take.
1916 G. C. Loening Military Aeroplanes xii. 166 Struts of large fineness ratio..present considerable side surface and affect the directional center, at different angles of yaw.
1935 Encycl. Aviation 585/1 Thus a roll causes a yaw, and a yaw causes a roll... When, as often, a pitch is also introduced, it soon becomes apparent why the problem is a difficult one.
1950 Engineering 3 Mar. 255/2 The Desynn type of transmitter and indicator..is used to transmit to the recording apparatus such variables as control forces, angle of yaw, pressures, etc. [in a prototype aircraft].
1974 Physics Bull. Jan. 11/1 The six component wind tunnel balance..will be able to measure three forces (lift, drag and side force) and three moments (pitch, yaw and roll) on any aircraft model it supports.
1977 Offshore Engineer May 44/3 During these tests, the data acquisition system recorded..pitch, roll, heave, surge, sway and yaw of the lay barge, pull and length of mooring cables, and anchor positions.
1978 R. Jansson News Caper 7 The Captain manoeuvred the big jet back to stability, damping out yaw and roll.
2. transferred and figurative: cf. yaw v.1 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > [noun]
wentc1374
turning1426
turnagain1545
wrench1549
yaw1597
veer1611
veering1611
version1625
wheelinga1660
sway1818
whiffle1842
twizzle1848
split-turn1932
1597 J. Payne Royall Exchange 34 Now and then we make yawes agaynste our wills.
a1640 P. Massinger & J. Fletcher Very Woman iii. v. 48 in P. Massinger 3 New Playes (1655) 'Tis monstrous strong Wine: O the yaws that she'll make!
1870 C. Reade Put Yourself in his Place III. 163 Putting her left hand to his breast, she gave a great yaw, and then a forward rush with her mighty loins.
1885 R. L. Stevenson Prince Otto i. iv He gave a beery yaw in the saddle.
1920 Nature 10 June 460/1 We must..determine experimentally the complete reaction of the air on the moving shell when the directions of its axis and the motion of its centre of gravity no longer coincide. In such a case the angle between these two directions is called the yaw.

Compounds

yaw axis n. = yawing axis n. at yawing n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > qualities and parameters of aircraft > [noun] > axes of specific moments
rolling axis1731
longitudinal axis1744
pitching axis1920
roll axis1945
pitch axis1952
yawing axis1953
yaw axis1959
1959 F. D. Adams Aeronaut. Dict. 184/1 Yaw axis.
1962 F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics ix. 368 Any vehicle motion will take place about three axes... These axes are the yaw axis, the pitch axis, and the roll axis.
1978 Sci. Amer. Nov. 137/1 For the first time the machine included a pair of fixed vertical surfaces behind the wings to stabilize motion about the yaw axis.
yaw-sighted adj. Nautical slang cross-eyed, squinting.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [adjective] > squinting or cross-eyed
wall-eyeda1400
thwartingc1430
gleed1482
pink-eyed1519
goggle1540
squint1579
squint-eyed1589
squinted1591
squinting1611
moon-eyed1623
squink-eyed1632
asquint1643
skew-eyed1658
cockeyed1751
yaw-sighted1751
swivel-eyed1758
cross-eyed1791
slew-eyed1807
skellied1821
squinny-eyeda1825
strabismic1855
boss-eyed1860
strabismical1866
hyperphoric1887
strabismal1891
heterophoric1894
squinty1922
squinty1925
1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. vi. 40 A yaw-sighted bitch!
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

yawn.2

Brit. /jɔː/, U.S. //, //
Etymology: Back-formation < yaws n. apprehended as a plural.
Each of the excrescences or spots of eruption in yaws.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] > a suppuration > abscess > ulcer > of yaws
master yaw1744
yaw1744
tubboe1769
mamma-yaw1801
mama-pian1822
mother yaw1822
mother-pian1898
1744 Med. Ess. & Observ. (Philos. Soc. Edinb.) V. ii. 793 Sometimes after all the other Yaws are fallen off..there remains one large Yaw, high knobbed, red and moist; this is commonly called the Master-yaw.
1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 732/2 Hairs at the seat of a yaw turn white.
1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. xxvii. 427 The crust which caps and encloses an uninjured yaw is yellowish.

Compounds

C1. Used as attributive form of yaws n., as yaw matter, yaw taint, yaw tubercle.
Π
1679 T. Trapham Disc. Health Jamaica 122 The..long Guinny Worms, arising from the Yaw teint found..in the Children..of the Blacks.
1834 S. Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) II. 433 (note) The time that elapses between the inoculation with yaw matter and the first appearance of a yaw tubercle..was found to be about three weeks.
C2.
yaw-house n. a hospital for persons affected with yaws.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > hospital or infirmary > hospital for venereal disease or yaws
lock1359
yaw-house1822
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. II. 675 The revolting scene of a yaw-house.
yaw-weed n. a shrubby plant, Morinda Royoc (N.O. Cinchonaceæ), used in the West Indies as a remedy for yaws.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > other non-British medicinal trees or shrubs
snake-wood1598
velvet-leaf1707
macary bittera1726
majoa1726
ahuehuete1778
cucumber-tree1784
bilimbi1790
rohuna1829
chaulmoogra1832
juriballi1834
horse-cassia1864
yaw-weed1864
cundurango1871
Chile senna1874
cancer bush1888
quinine tree1905
kankerbos1913
hydnocarpus1928
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for venereal disease or syphilis > for syphilis and yaws > plant
yaw-weed1864
1864 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands 789 Yaw-weed, Morinda Royoc.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

yawv.1

Brit. /jɔː/, U.S. //, //
Etymology: Of obscure origin. Old Norse jaga to move to and fro as a door on its hinges, has been compared.
1. intransitive.
a. Nautical. Of a vessel: To deviate temporarily from the straight course, as through faulty or unsteady steering; to turn to one side or from side to side in her course.
ΚΠ
1612 T. Dekker If it be not Good ii. i. 163 I spie two Shippes yonder, that yaw too and agen.
a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 253 Be hir tumbling and yeawing, the mast schouk sa louse, that Mr. Robert.. haid mikle ado to fasten the sam.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Rallier Having yawed to leeward.
1769 St. James's Chron. 5–8 Aug. 4/2 I..see the Ship yaw as if there was not a Seaman aboard.
1830 F. Marryat King's Own I. xiii. 198 The frigate yawed a little.
1885 J. Runciman Skippers & Shellbacks 54 The barque yawed as far as the hawser would allow.
b. Aeronautics and Astronautics. Of an aircraft or spacecraft: to rotate about a vertical axis, to undergo yawing.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > fly [verb (intransitive)] > rotate round vertical axis
yaw1912
1912 Q. Rev. July 243 This disposition tends to offer an ever-increasing amount of surface sideways to the air when a turn is begun, thus accentuating the turn initiated by the rudder and causing the craft to yaw.
1935 C. G. Burge Compl. Bk. Aviation 108 The forces on the two wing tips are neither steady nor equal, so that the aeroplane tends to roll and yaw.
1964 J. E. D. Williams Operation of Airliners vii. 104 When an aircraft yaws or pitches there is an immediate change in the aerodynamic forces.
1979 Daily Tel. 7 Apr. 3/2 It then yawed to the right, did a barrel roll like a light aircraft starting at an aerial show, and went into a nose-dive.
2. transferred and figurative. To deviate, go out of course, go or move unsteadily. (Often with direct allusion to sense 1.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > change direction of movement [verb (intransitive)] > diverge from course
bowa1000
swervec1330
wrya1350
crookc1380
to turn asidea1382
depart1393
decline14..
wryc1400
divert1430
desvoy1481
wave1548
digress1552
prevaricate1582
yaw1584
to turn off1605
to come off1626
deviate1635
sag1639
to flinch out1642
deflect1646
de-err1657
break1678
verge1693
sheera1704
to break off1725
lean1894
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > drop away from direct course
to fall off1569
yaw1584
sag1633
bag1836
to break off1867
1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xii. vii. 228 The daie delaid by length of night, Which made both daie and night to yawe.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 107 + 9 To deuide him inuentorially, would dosie th' arithmaticke of memory, and yet but yaw neither in respect of his quick saile.
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xvi. 259 I shot ahead, and yawed a little—caught a peep at her through her veil.
1896 Pall Mall Mag. May 80 The rider yawed in his saddle as a boat..yaws on a cross-sea swell.
3. transitive. To cause to yaw (literal and figurative); to move (something) unsteadily from side to side.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > unsteady movement > cause to move unsteadily [verb (transitive)]
unsteady1646
yaw1746
society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (transitive)] > cause aircraft to move in specific manner
bank1909
side-slip1911
slip1911
overbank1915
spin1918
yaw1920
hover1967
1746 Fool (1748) I. 201 The Ship of State was, as the Seamen phrase it, yawed to and fro.
1807 E. S. Barrett Rising Sun III. xxxvii. 48 Owing to the unskilfulness of her pilots, she was so yawed about, that it was quite uncertain when she would be moored in a safe port.
1827 T. Hood Sailor's Apol. 41 [She] yaw'd her head about all sorts of ways.
1845 P. H. Gosse Ocean (1849) iv. 168 The man at the wheel,..neglecting his helm, ‘yaws’ the ship about sadly.
1920 Engineering 8 Oct. 462/2 It was found that the control was not reversed at large angles of incidence up to 20 deg. unless the model was yawed.
1960 Welch & Denes Go Gliding i. 20 Moving the left foot forward yaws the glider's nose to the left.
1975 L. J. Clancy Aerodynamics xvi. 525 The aircraft is yawed to starboard.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

yawv.2

Brit. /jɔː/, U.S. //, //
Etymology: Of obscure origin.
dialect (see Eng. Dial. Dict.).
1. intransitive. To be wide open; to yawn.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > become open [verb (intransitive)] > be or become wide open
yawnc890
gapec1480
galp1546
yaw1596
chawn1598
yawn1600
chaum1610
dehisce1657
1596 T. Lodge Wits Miserie 71 His browes bent, his hand shaking, his nostrils yawing.
1596 T. Lodge Wits Miserie 103 A fellow stretching himselfe at his window, yawing, and starting.
2. transitive. To utter with the mouth gaping or yawning.
ΚΠ
1917 S. Graham Priest of Ideal v. 67 The precentor in the box beneath the pulpit yawed out the tune.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

yawv.3

Forms: 1700s–1800s yaw, 1700s–1800s yew.
Origin: Of uncertain origin.
Etymology: Origin uncertain.It has been suggested that this verb is < yaws n. (compare yaw n.2), on account of the resemblance of the scum to skin affected by the condition. However, this interpretation does not account for the early variant yew and may be based on a folk etymology.
Obsolete.
intransitive. Of a liquid: to produce a froth or scum while being heated; spec. (of sugar cane juice) to undergo cracking of the surface scum or crust by the production of vapour during refinement by heating. Also: to cause a liquid to do this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > salt manufacture > [verb (intransitive)] > boil brine > until scum appears
yaw1748
1748 W. Brownrigg Art of making Common Salt ii. iv. 131 At the Lemington works..They boil the brine violently till a thin skin of salt appears on its surface. [Note] They say then that the brine begins to yew.
1797 B. Higgins Observ. & Advices Improvem. Manuf. Muscovado Sugar & Rum i. 95 It is that [herbaceous matter] which we endeavour to separate from the saccharine liquor by yawing and skimming.
1797 B. Higgins Observ. & Advices Improvem. Manuf. Muscovado Sugar & Rum i. 101 He will yaw, and check the fire and skim; and then boil moderately and skim for eight or ten minutes.
1828 Regulations to be observed in Boiling-houses in J. Shore & J. Stewart In Old St. James (1911) App. 157 Never draw down a Cyphon of Liquor until some time after it has yawed.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

yawadv.

Brit. /jɔː/, U.S. //, //
Forms: 1600s– yaw, 1900s yau (Scottish (Shetland)).
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Partly a borrowing from Dutch. Partly a borrowing from German. Etymons: Dutch ja, German ja.
Etymology: Partly (originally) representing an Anglicized pronunciation of Dutch ja and its cognate German ja (see yea adv.), and partly (in some later uses) representing a regional or colloquial pronunciation of yea adv. With these later uses compare yah adv.
Originally in representations of German or Dutch speech, later also of regional (esp. Shetland) speech: yes. Cf. yah adv.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > assent > [adverb] > expression of assent > in representations of non-native speech
yaw1600
yas1776
yah1833
yair1903
1600 T. Dekker Shomakers Holiday sig. C4 Soft, yaw, yaw, good Hans.
1670 J. Dryden & W. Davenant Shakespeare's Tempest i. 1 Steph. Boy! Boy. Yaw, yaw, here Master.
1697 J. Vanbrugh Æsop: 2nd Pt. 13 Æsop. Have you then a mind to a Wife, Sir? Beau. Yaw myn Heer.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 222 [Dirk Hatteraick loq.] Wetter and donner, yaw! What do you take me for?
1864 ‘E. Kirke’ Down in Tennessee xvi. 197 Yaw, yaw, dat is old Rosey.
1905 W. F. Cattell Valuable Fish i. 10 Mary. And of course I said yes! Mr. C. Ye said yes! Carl. Yaw! she said she said yaw!
1932 J. M. E. Saxby Shetland Trad. Lore 117 Yaw, yaw, mak de bul, but do'll no keen wha will hae him afore lang.
2009 Sunday Independent (Ireland) (Nexis) 8 Nov. Yaw yaw yaw, I see your point.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

yawint.

Brit. /jɔː/, U.S. //, //
An affected exclamation. Also as v. (cf. yaw-haw n., yaw-yaw v.).
ΘΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or exclamation > [interjection] > other specific cries or exclamations
oeOE
heya1225
ouc1300
we13..
hac1320
how1377
how now?c1380
vaha1382
ha a!c1386
ha ha!c1386
hoa1400
ohoa1400
yowc1440
yoa1475
heh1475
hey ho?c1475
huffc1485
wemaya1500
whewa1500
wow1513
huffa?1520
gup?1528
ist1540
whow1542
hougha1556
whoo1570
good-now1578
ooh1602
phew1604
highday1606
huh1608
whoo-whoop1611
sessaa1616
tara1672
hegh1723
hip1735
waugha1766
whoofa1766
jee1786
goody1796
yaw1797
hech1808
whoo-ee1811
whizz1812
yah1812
soh1815
sirs1816
how1817
quep1822
soho1825
ow1834
ouch1838
pfui1838
suz1844
shoo1845
yoop1847
upsadaisy1862
houp-la1870
hooch1871
nu1892
ouff1898
upsy1903
oo-er1909
ooh-wee1910
eina1913
oops1921
whoopsie1923
whoops-a-daisy1925
hot-cha-cha1929
upsadaisy1929
walla1929
hotcha1931
hi-de-ho1936
po po po1936
ho-de-ho1941
oh, oh1944
oopsy1956
chingas1984
bambi2007
1797 A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl V. iv. 104 He will yaw a parcel of nonsense about jukes and lords.
1826 F. Reynolds Life & Times II. 94 Yawning and muttering, ‘Reynolds is an humorist, not a wit—yaw! yaw! I am a wit!’
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.11546n.21679v.11584v.21596v.31748adv.1600int.1797
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