-itesuffix¹

Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element.

Etymology: Corresponding to French -ite , Latin -īta (-ītēs ) < Greek -ίτης , forming adjectives and nouns (of adjectival origin) with the sense ‘(one) connected with or belonging to’, ‘a member of’, as in ὁπλίτης adjective, heavy armed, (noun) a heavy-armed soldier ( < ὅπλα armour), πολίτης citizen ( < πόλις city). Its feminine form is -ῖτις (-itis suffix). Both the masculine and feminine forms were extensively used in forming technical names of natural products, diseases, etc.A frequent use in Greek was to form ethnic and local designations, as Ἀβδηρίτης Abderite, Σταγιρίτης Stagirite, Συβαρίτης Sybarite, Ταρταρίτης denizen of Tartarus. Hence, often used by the Septuagint to render Hebrew names in -ī, as in Ἰσραηλίτης Israelite, Λευίτης Levite, Ἀμαληκίτης Amalekite, Ἰσμαηλίτης Ishmaelite, Μωαβίτης Moabite, Σοδομῖται Sodomites, etc. Later, in Christian use, in the names of sects, styled either after their locality, their founder, or some tenet, rite, or other characteristic, as ἐρημίτης a desert-dweller, eremite, hermit, Νικολαῖται Nicolaitans (plural), Ἰακωβῖται Jacobites, Μονοϕυσῖται Monophysites, etc. Some of the Greek terms (especially those in Christian use) were adopted in Latin, either unchanged in -ītēs or often in -īta, the plural (which was more frequent in use) being in -ītae: thus Stagirītēs, Sybarīta, and, in the Vulgate, etc., Levītēs or Levīta, Israēlitae, Ismaēlītae, Ammonītae, Mōabītae, Nicolaītae, Sodomītae (also Gadītae, Reubēnītae, etc., where the LXX have Γάδ, Ῥουβήν); and in later and medieval writers Marcionītae, Ebiōnītae, Azȳmītae, Marōnītae, Monophysītae, etc. Hence the suffix has passed into French and English in the form -ite, plural -ites. Already in the metrical Genesis & Exodus c1250 we find Amonit, Arabit; by Wyclif the Vulgate words in -ītae are duly rendered by forms in -ites, -ytis. In later Biblical versions the ending is extended to other tribal names, e.g. Ἀμοῤῥαῖοι, Χαναναῖοι, Vulgate Amorraei, Chananaei, Wyclif Amorrei, Chananei(-ey), 16th-cent. versions Amorites, Canaanites. Another frequent use of the termination was to form names of minerals and gems (adjectively with λίθος ‘stone’ understood), e.g. ἀνθρακίτης anthracite, αἱματίτης blood-stone, haematite, ὀϕίτης snake-stone, serpentine, σεληνίτης moon-stone, selenite, etc. Nearly all these occur also in Latin in Pliny, who moreover adds several not recorded in Greek. These have been handed down and increased by medieval and early modern Latin writers de proprietatibus rerum, and have given origin to the modern use of -ite in names of fossils and minerals.

The following are the chief English uses of the suffix:

1. Forming names of persons. (Often also used adjectively.)

a. In words already formed in Greek or Latin, of the classes above mentioned, and in analogous terms; e.g. Stagirite, Sybarite; Israelite, Levite, Ammonite, Amorite, Benjamite, Canaanite, Gadite, Gileadite, Hamite, Ishmaelite, Rechabite, Reubenite, Semite, Sodomite, etc.; eremite, Ebionite, Adamite, Jacobite, Marcionite, Maronite, Azymite, Monophysite, Anthropomorphite, Fatimite, etc.

b. In words of modern formation: (a) Denoting an inhabitant of a place; as Sydneyite, Claphamite, Durhamite, Ludlowite: now rare, and mostly somewhat contemptuous. (b) Denoting a disciple, follower, or adherent of a person or doctrine; as Wycliffite, Campbellite, Daleite, Glassite, Irvingite, Puseyite, Simeonite; Brontëite, Darwinite, Hugoite, Ruskinite, Shelleyite, Spencerite, Zolaite; Bryanite, Canningite, Healyite, Jacobite, Luddite, Mackinleyite, Parnellite, Peelite, †Williamite (adherent of William III). So Pre-raphaelite, Silverite, Independent Labourite, etc.These have a tendency to be depreciatory, being mostly given by opponents, and seldom acknowledged by those to whom they are applied. The following are illustrations of some of these formations:

ΚΠ

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 168 I am not a MacMillanite or a Russelite, or a Hamiltonian, or a Harleyite, or a Howdenite. (Note, All various species of the great genus Cameronian.)

1820 Lonsdale Mag. Aug. 350/1 In 1814, the Inghamite churches formed a union with the Daleite churches in Scotland.

1883 Athenæum 27 Jan. 116/3 Of Musset, as becomes a good Hugoite, he has nothing to say.

1886 Manch. Examiner 13 Jan. 3/2 Legislation which is regarded as a violation of that principle by all thorough-going Herbert Spencerites.

1888 H. R. Haggard Col. Quaritch i Other folk, yet more learned, declared it to be an ancient British dwelling..Mrs. Massey..was a British dwellingite.

1891 Daily News 5 Mar. 5/2 Swift was a Tolstoite before his day.

1892 Athenæum 1 Oct. 449/2 These short stories have not the attractions which the true Zolaite loveth.

1895 Times 8 Jan. 9/5 Ireland will see Healyites and Redmondites battling with Dillonites for the honour of representing the united will of the Irish nation.

1897 Westm. Gaz. 12 July 3/3 ‘The Shirley country’—as the Spen Valley is now called by Brontëites.

1898 Daily News 12 Jan. 6/6 The fine mass meeting of the Independent Labourites.

Categories »

a. Palaeontology. Used to form the names of fossil organisms, animal or vegetable; as ammonite, belemnite, calamite, dendrite, echinite, encrinite, lignite, trilobite, etc.These follow the type of Greek βατραχίτης toadstone, etc., and were at first used in their Latin form in -ītes: see the individual words.

Categories »

b. Mineralogy. The systematic ending of the names of mineral species, comprising names of ancient origin in -ίτης, as anthracite, hæmatite, ophite, selenite, or in -ῖτις, as chlorite, hepatite, hyalite, and a vast number of modern names in which -ite is added to an element expressing colour, structure, physical characters or affinities, or to the name of a locality, discoverer, mineralogist, distinguished scientist, or other person whom the discoverer may have desired to commemorate. Examples are albite, azurite, melanite, dichroite, graphite, apatite, calcite, syenite, labradorite, leadhillite, humboldtite, wernerite, brewsterite, danaite, darwinite. Earlier names of minerals have in some cases been displaced by names in -ite, and some names with other endings as -ane, -in, etc. have been conformed to the -ite type. For names of rocks, Dana has suggested the differentiated ending -yte, founded on trachyte, as in aphanyte, dioryte, epidosyte, and the like; but this has not found universal acceptance. It is also used more widely in tektite, and hence in the names of tektites from different regions (as australite, indochinite).

Categories »

3. Anatomy and Zoology. Used to form terms denoting one of the constituent parts, segments, or joints of a body or organ; as in somite a segment of the body; so cerite, pleurite, podite, tergite, a segment of the horn or antenna, side, foot, back, etc. Cf. cephalostegite n. at cephalo- comb. form 2, coxopodite n., ischiocerite n., ischiopodite n. at ischio- comb. form b. [These forms were introduced (in French) in 1851 by H. Milne Edwards ( Observations sur la squelette tégumentaire des Crustacées Décapodes, in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.) 3, XVI. 221). They were apparently first used in English in 1855, by C. Spence Bate ( Report Brit. Assoc. 1855, 38); but they owe their general use esp. to Huxley ( Lect. on General Nat. Hist. 1857, Anat. Inverteb. Anim. 1877, etc.). (F. A. Bather, M.A., Nat. Historical. Museum, South Kensington.)]

4. Chemistry.

Categories »

a. Used to form the names of some saccharine substances, glucoses, and other organic compounds, as dambonite, dulcite, erythrite, inosite, isodulcite, mannite, melampyrite, pinite, quercite, sorbite, chiefly < the names of plants; also of explosives, as cordite, dynamite, herculite, melinite; and of commercial products, as ebonite, vulcanite, etc. [In the earlier of these the suffix was in origin apparently the same as in the preceding groups, mannite being, as it were, the distinctive constituent of manna; but in the names of explosives and other products this sense disappears, and -ite is merely a derivative.]

Categories »

b. In Inorganic Chemistry, -ite is the systematic termination of the names of the salts of acids denominated by adjectives in -ous; e.g. nitrite a salt of nitrous acid, sulphite a salt of sulphurous acid. This was part of the systematic nomenclature introduced by Guyton de Morveau and Lavoisier in their Nomenclature Chimique of 1787.

A few of the words in -ite have derivative adjectives in -itic suffix, as Hamitic, Semitic, dendritic, encrinitic, anthracitic, hæmatitic; many of those in group 1 have adjectives in -itish as Israelitish, Moabitish. [In this use, the suffix has no direct connection with the Greek -ίτης , but was suggested by, and differentiated from, the suffix -ate (-ate suffix² 3), appropriated to salts of acids in -ic. In the words of the authors cited ( Nomencl. Chimique, p. 40), these are ‘terminaisons différentes adaptées à la même racine, de la manière qui a paru le plus convenable au jugement de l'oreille.…

Sulphate sera le nom générique de tous les sels formés de l'acide sulphurique.

Sulphite sera le nom des sels formés de l'acide sulphureux.

(p. 49) Cette distinction une fois établie nous a donné les nitrates et les nitrites, les phosphates et les phosphites, les acétates et les acétites’.]

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

单词	-ite
释义	-itesuffix¹ Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element. Etymology: Corresponding to French -ite , Latin -īta (-ītēs ) < Greek -ίτης , forming adjectives and nouns (of adjectival origin) with the sense ‘(one) connected with or belonging to’, ‘a member of’, as in ὁπλίτης adjective, heavy armed, (noun) a heavy-armed soldier ( < ὅπλα armour), πολίτης citizen ( < πόλις city). Its feminine form is -ῖτις (-itis suffix). Both the masculine and feminine forms were extensively used in forming technical names of natural products, diseases, etc.A frequent use in Greek was to form ethnic and local designations, as Ἀβδηρίτης Abderite, Σταγιρίτης Stagirite, Συβαρίτης Sybarite, Ταρταρίτης denizen of Tartarus. Hence, often used by the Septuagint to render Hebrew names in -ī, as in Ἰσραηλίτης Israelite, Λευίτης Levite, Ἀμαληκίτης Amalekite, Ἰσμαηλίτης Ishmaelite, Μωαβίτης Moabite, Σοδομῖται Sodomites, etc. Later, in Christian use, in the names of sects, styled either after their locality, their founder, or some tenet, rite, or other characteristic, as ἐρημίτης a desert-dweller, eremite, hermit, Νικολαῖται Nicolaitans (plural), Ἰακωβῖται Jacobites, Μονοϕυσῖται Monophysites, etc. Some of the Greek terms (especially those in Christian use) were adopted in Latin, either unchanged in -ītēs or often in -īta, the plural (which was more frequent in use) being in -ītae: thus Stagirītēs, Sybarīta, and, in the Vulgate, etc., Levītēs or Levīta, Israēlitae, Ismaēlītae, Ammonītae, Mōabītae, Nicolaītae, Sodomītae (also Gadītae, Reubēnītae, etc., where the LXX have Γάδ, Ῥουβήν); and in later and medieval writers Marcionītae, Ebiōnītae, Azȳmītae, Marōnītae, Monophysītae, etc. Hence the suffix has passed into French and English in the form -ite, plural -ites. Already in the metrical Genesis & Exodus c1250 we find Amonit, Arabit; by Wyclif the Vulgate words in -ītae are duly rendered by forms in -ites, -ytis. In later Biblical versions the ending is extended to other tribal names, e.g. Ἀμοῤῥαῖοι, Χαναναῖοι, Vulgate Amorraei, Chananaei, Wyclif Amorrei, Chananei(-ey), 16th-cent. versions Amorites, Canaanites. Another frequent use of the termination was to form names of minerals and gems (adjectively with λίθος ‘stone’ understood), e.g. ἀνθρακίτης anthracite, αἱματίτης blood-stone, haematite, ὀϕίτης snake-stone, serpentine, σεληνίτης moon-stone, selenite, etc. Nearly all these occur also in Latin in Pliny, who moreover adds several not recorded in Greek. These have been handed down and increased by medieval and early modern Latin writers de proprietatibus rerum, and have given origin to the modern use of -ite in names of fossils and minerals. The following are the chief English uses of the suffix: 1. Forming names of persons. (Often also used adjectively.) a. In words already formed in Greek or Latin, of the classes above mentioned, and in analogous terms; e.g. Stagirite, Sybarite; Israelite, Levite, Ammonite, Amorite, Benjamite, Canaanite, Gadite, Gileadite, Hamite, Ishmaelite, Rechabite, Reubenite, Semite, Sodomite, etc.; eremite, Ebionite, Adamite, Jacobite, Marcionite, Maronite, Azymite, Monophysite, Anthropomorphite, Fatimite, etc. b. In words of modern formation: (a) Denoting an inhabitant of a place; as Sydneyite, Claphamite, Durhamite, Ludlowite: now rare, and mostly somewhat contemptuous. (b) Denoting a disciple, follower, or adherent of a person or doctrine; as Wycliffite, Campbellite, Daleite, Glassite, Irvingite, Puseyite, Simeonite; Brontëite, Darwinite, Hugoite, Ruskinite, Shelleyite, Spencerite, Zolaite; Bryanite, Canningite, Healyite, Jacobite, Luddite, Mackinleyite, Parnellite, Peelite, †Williamite (adherent of William III). So Pre-raphaelite, Silverite, Independent Labourite, etc.These have a tendency to be depreciatory, being mostly given by opponents, and seldom acknowledged by those to whom they are applied. The following are illustrations of some of these formations: ΚΠ 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 168 I am not a MacMillanite or a Russelite, or a Hamiltonian, or a Harleyite, or a Howdenite. (Note, All various species of the great genus Cameronian.) 1820 Lonsdale Mag. Aug. 350/1 In 1814, the Inghamite churches formed a union with the Daleite churches in Scotland. 1883 Athenæum 27 Jan. 116/3 Of Musset, as becomes a good Hugoite, he has nothing to say. 1886 Manch. Examiner 13 Jan. 3/2 Legislation which is regarded as a violation of that principle by all thorough-going Herbert Spencerites. 1888 H. R. Haggard Col. Quaritch i Other folk, yet more learned, declared it to be an ancient British dwelling..Mrs. Massey..was a British dwellingite. 1891 Daily News 5 Mar. 5/2 Swift was a Tolstoite before his day. 1892 Athenæum 1 Oct. 449/2 These short stories have not the attractions which the true Zolaite loveth. 1895 Times 8 Jan. 9/5 Ireland will see Healyites and Redmondites battling with Dillonites for the honour of representing the united will of the Irish nation. 1897 Westm. Gaz. 12 July 3/3 ‘The Shirley country’—as the Spen Valley is now called by Brontëites. 1898 Daily News 12 Jan. 6/6 The fine mass meeting of the Independent Labourites. 2. Categories » a. Palaeontology. Used to form the names of fossil organisms, animal or vegetable; as ammonite, belemnite, calamite, dendrite, echinite, encrinite, lignite, trilobite, etc.These follow the type of Greek βατραχίτης toadstone, etc., and were at first used in their Latin form in -ītes: see the individual words. Categories » b. Mineralogy. The systematic ending of the names of mineral species, comprising names of ancient origin in -ίτης, as anthracite, hæmatite, ophite, selenite, or in -ῖτις, as chlorite, hepatite, hyalite, and a vast number of modern names in which -ite is added to an element expressing colour, structure, physical characters or affinities, or to the name of a locality, discoverer, mineralogist, distinguished scientist, or other person whom the discoverer may have desired to commemorate. Examples are albite, azurite, melanite, dichroite, graphite, apatite, calcite, syenite, labradorite, leadhillite, humboldtite, wernerite, brewsterite, danaite, darwinite. Earlier names of minerals have in some cases been displaced by names in -ite, and some names with other endings as -ane, -in, etc. have been conformed to the -ite type. For names of rocks, Dana has suggested the differentiated ending -yte, founded on trachyte, as in aphanyte, dioryte, epidosyte, and the like; but this has not found universal acceptance. It is also used more widely in tektite, and hence in the names of tektites from different regions (as australite, indochinite). Categories » 3. Anatomy and Zoology. Used to form terms denoting one of the constituent parts, segments, or joints of a body or organ; as in somite a segment of the body; so cerite, pleurite, podite, tergite, a segment of the horn or antenna, side, foot, back, etc. Cf. cephalostegite n. at cephalo- comb. form 2, coxopodite n., ischiocerite n., ischiopodite n. at ischio- comb. form b. [These forms were introduced (in French) in 1851 by H. Milne Edwards ( Observations sur la squelette tégumentaire des Crustacées Décapodes, in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.) 3, XVI. 221). They were apparently first used in English in 1855, by C. Spence Bate ( Report Brit. Assoc. 1855, 38); but they owe their general use esp. to Huxley ( Lect. on General Nat. Hist. 1857, Anat. Inverteb. Anim. 1877, etc.). (F. A. Bather, M.A., Nat. Historical. Museum, South Kensington.)] 4. Chemistry. Categories » a. Used to form the names of some saccharine substances, glucoses, and other organic compounds, as dambonite, dulcite, erythrite, inosite, isodulcite, mannite, melampyrite, pinite, quercite, sorbite, chiefly < the names of plants; also of explosives, as cordite, dynamite, herculite, melinite; and of commercial products, as ebonite, vulcanite, etc. [In the earlier of these the suffix was in origin apparently the same as in the preceding groups, mannite being, as it were, the distinctive constituent of manna; but in the names of explosives and other products this sense disappears, and -ite is merely a derivative.] Categories » b. In Inorganic Chemistry, -ite is the systematic termination of the names of the salts of acids denominated by adjectives in -ous; e.g. nitrite a salt of nitrous acid, sulphite a salt of sulphurous acid. This was part of the systematic nomenclature introduced by Guyton de Morveau and Lavoisier in their Nomenclature Chimique of 1787. A few of the words in -ite have derivative adjectives in -itic suffix, as Hamitic, Semitic, dendritic, encrinitic, anthracitic, hæmatitic; many of those in group 1 have adjectives in -itish as Israelitish, Moabitish. [In this use, the suffix has no direct connection with the Greek -ίτης , but was suggested by, and differentiated from, the suffix -ate (-ate suffix² 3), appropriated to salts of acids in -ic. In the words of the authors cited ( Nomencl. Chimique, p. 40), these are ‘terminaisons différentes adaptées à la même racine, de la manière qui a paru le plus convenable au jugement de l'oreille.… Sulphate sera le nom générique de tous les sels formés de l'acide sulphurique. Sulphite sera le nom des sels formés de l'acide sulphureux. (p. 49) Cette distinction une fois établie nous a donné les nitrates et les nitrites, les phosphates et les phosphites, les acétates et les acétites’.] This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2019). -itesuffix² Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element; see e.g. ratite adj. and n. An ending of adjectives, adapted from Latin past participles in -ītus, -itus, of verbs in -īre, -ĕre, -ēre, as in ērudītus erudite, exquīsītus exquisite, compositus composite, or from the corresponding Romanic -ito, as favourite; also of nouns derived from the same or from the cognate Latin nouns in -us, as appetītus appetite. Also, of verbs formed from the same participial stems, as expedite, unite; but from stems in -ĭt, the verbs usually end in -it, as posit, exhibit, merit; this was formerly also usual with adjectives, as opposit, recondit. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2020). < suffix¹1818suffix²
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-itesuffix1

-itesuffix2

-itesuffix¹

-itesuffix²