windfalln.

Brit.

/ˈwɪn(d)fɔːl/, U.S.

/ˈwɪn(d)ˌfɔl/,

/ˈwɪn(d)ˌfɑl/

Forms: see wind n.¹ and fall n.²; also Middle English wynfall, 1500s wyndefale, wind faulle.

Etymology: perhaps of foreign origin; compare Middle High German wintval (German windfall ): see wind n.¹, fall n.²

1. Something blown down by the wind, or the fall of something so blown down:

a. a tree or branch, or a number of trees or branches; spec. (chiefly U.S.) a heap or tract of fallen trees blown down by a tornado. Also in figurative context.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > characterized by quality or health > [noun] > fallen or uprooted

rower1442

windfall1464

root-fall1584

down timber1837

deadfall1883

uproot1891

timber-fall1897

1464 Rolls of Parl. V. 540/2 Trees Boghes and Woode called Wyndfalles.

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) V. 75 How or when thes Trees cam doune other be Cutting or Wind Faulle no Manne ther can telle.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 30 Downe tears yt wyndfals, and thick woods sturdelye tumbleth.

1602 in G. P. Scrope Hist. Castle Combe (1852) 334 Les mortuos arbores, Anglicè the starveling trees and wyndfalls.

1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 175 The Spartans..when they did spread, and their Boughs were becommen too great, for their Stem, they became a Windfall vpon the suddaine.

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva xxxii. 109 That no unnecessary Imbezelment be made by pretences of Repair of Paling, Lodges, Browse for Deer, &c., Wind~falls, Root-falls.

1772 J. Forster in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 376 They do not burrow under ground, but live..under wind~falls and roots of trees.

1784 J. Belknap Belknap Papers (1877) II. 177 We kept one man before, with an ax, to cut away windfalls.

1830 J. Galt Lawrie Todd I. iii. v. 215 Through the windfalls and the openings of the settlement, the rising sun was beginning to silver the leaves.

1866 R. D. Craig Trees & Woods 123 If the windfall be of trees which are not timber in their nature.

1872 Builder 7 Dec. 964/2 The village constable..charged her with picking up a few rotten windfalls from the trees.

b. fruit from a tree or bush (rarely flowers).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > valued plants and weeds > edible product or fruit > [noun] > dropped or fallen fruit

falling1584

windfalla1592

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > [noun] > fallen fruit

windfalla1592

nightfall1611

night-falling1632

tumble fruit1891

the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > plant defined by leaves > [noun] > shedding leaves or petals > plant that sheds

windfalla1592

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > petal > petals or corolla > blown from plant by wind

windfalla1592

a1592 R. Greene Orpharion (1599) 49 If Roses be not gathered in the bud, they either wither or proue windfalls.

1604 N. F. Fruiterers Secrets 12 They which fall before the time of gathering, as wind-falles.

1661 M. Stevenson Twelve Moneths 42 The wind begins to bluster among the Apples,..and the wind-falls are gathered to fill the Pies for the houshold.

1705 E. Ward Hudibras Redivivus I. ii. 17 The grizly Boar is hunting round; To see what Windfals may be found.

1766 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. i. 19 They will reject the fruit that has lain but a few hours on the ground, and continue on the watch..for a fresh wind fall.

1802 W. Forsyth Treat. Fruit-trees vii. 99 When the men numbered the Pears, there was near a barrowful of wind-falls at the bottom of the old tree.

1880 R. Jefferies Round about Great Estate x. 197 Heaps of the windfalls collected there to wait for the cider-mill.

2. figurative. A casual or unexpected acquisition or advantage.

ΘΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] > an advantage, benefit, or favourable circumstance > a benefit > casual

windfall1542

snap1864

the mind > possession > acquisition > [noun] > that which is obtained or acquired > an acquisition or gain > casual or accidental

windfall1542

falling1584

by-acquist1661

daebak2003

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 321^v After beeyng come to a good wyndefall of inheritaunce.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1237 This man..who otherwise before-time was but poore and needy, by these windfalles and unexpected cheats became very wealthy.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 50 Where ever neighbouring Princes of their own Nation watched for the windfals of Crowns.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Wind-fall,..some Estate or Profit unexpectedly come to one.

1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 190 He..kept little windfalls, that came to him by the negligence of customers—tooth-pick cases, loose silver.

1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk II. iv. 70 These and many more wind-falls of character he gave us in thought, word, and action.

1897 M. Oliphant W. Blackwood II. xix. 256 Mr. Langford..was a most unusual windfall to drop thus casually into the new concern.

Compounds

C1. attributive (from sense 1): That is a windfall; blown down by the wind: = Compounds 2. Also figurative (from sense 2): Casual, ‘chance’. Also applied (poetically) to a flood of unexpected light.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > [adjective] > brought to the ground or laid low > blown down by the wind

windfall1465

wind-fallen1563

blown-down1863

the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [adjective]

byc1050

casualc1374

fortuitc1374

fortunelc1374

fortunousc1374

causelessc1386

adventurousc1405

accidental1502

fortunable1509

happya1522

chanceable1549

occasional1569

accidentary1581

emergent1593

streave1598

contingent1604

happening1621

incidental1644

lucky1648

sporadical1654

temerarious1660

spontaneous1664

incidentarya1670

chance1676

antrin?1725

fortuitous1806

sporadic1821

windfall1845

chanced1853

blind1873

happenchance1905

happenstance1905

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > [adjective] > surprising, unexpected

unbeweena1325

sudden1340

unhopedc1374

unwarec1374

unweenedc1374

unguessedc1400

unlooked for1531

untraisted1533

extonious1548

unlooked1548

unthought1548

unwares1548

unaspected1578

inexpecteda1586

unexpecteda1586

unwary1590

unwaited1592

unmistrusted1595

inopinate1598

unforethought1601

nap-taking1602

startling1609

expectless1613

unexpect1633

admirable1639

immergent1655

unpresumed1686

abrupt1725

unguessed1746

unanticipateda1779

unpredicted1792

unprecipitated1795

unsurmised1820

unsupposed1821

inopine1880

windfall1945

over-the-transom1952

left field1955

conversation-stopping1960

1465 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 292 Ther is wyndfall wod at þe maner þat is of noo gret valewe.

1589 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 93 For barke of a wyndfolle trie at Smytheles vj^d.

1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido i You shall haue leaues and windfall bowes enow.

1762 in 6th Rep. Deputy Keeper App. ii. 132 The Wood called Browsings, Windfall Wood, and Dead Wood.

1845 S. Judd Margaret ii. i. 217 All wind-fall comers here seem to be without names.

1860 All Year Round 22 Sept. 560 The windfall fruit in his uncle's garden.

1882 W. Besant All Sorts of Men I. xii. 260 Early August apples, and windfall pears.

1945 D. Thomas Fern Hill in Horizon Oct. 221 And once below a time I lordly had the trees and leaves Trail with daisies and barley Down the rivers of the windfall light.

C2. Special combinations.

windfall profit n. Economics unexpectedly large or unforeseen profit; similarly windfall gain, windfall loss, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > [adjective] > large > specific unexpected

windfall profit1936

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > financial loss > [noun] > large or unexpected

windfall loss1936

society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > profit > [noun] > exceptionally large profit or gain > specific unexpected

windfall profit1936

1936 J. M. Keynes Gen. Theory Employment ii. vi. 57 The change in the value of the equipment, due to unforeseen changes in market values, exceptional obsolescence or destruction..may be called the windfall loss.

1936 J. M. Keynes Gen. Theory Employment v. xx. 288 The windfall gain will wholly accrue to those entrepreneurs who happen to possess products at a relatively advanced stage of production.

1951 Sloan & Zurcher Dict. Econ. 266 Windfall profit, a profit in excess of that which can be considered normal.

1973 Times 21 Dec. 6/7 A proposal for Congress to impose ‘an emergency windfall profits tax’ on the oil companies. Although President Nixon himself told the American consumer..‘there will be no windfall profits at their expense’.

1977 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 26 May 31/4 The shift to free market pricing would give the oil companies windfall profits.

Draft additions December 2003

windfall profits tax n. Business = windfall tax n. at Additions.

ΚΠ

1997 J. Fallows in J. Kantor et al. Slate Diaries (2000) 94 Construction in our building may subject the hotdog woman to a windfall-profits tax.

Draft additions December 2003

windfall tax n. Business a tax levied on an unforeseen or unexpectedly large profit, esp. one that is considered to be excessive or unfairly obtained.

ΚΠ

1909 Times 2 July 10/3 Mr. Lloyd-George's increment tax and reversion duty are attempts to secure for the State a part of a certain class of windfall... The question is, Will they really operate as windfall taxes?

1997 C. G. Hooton Executive Governance App. C. 192 Although some proceeds from the windfall tax would go into an energy security trust fund, no separate fund would finance mass transit.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	windfall
释义	windfalln. Brit. /ˈwɪn(d)fɔːl/, U.S. /ˈwɪn(d)ˌfɔl/, /ˈwɪn(d)ˌfɑl/ Forms: see wind n.¹ and fall n.²; also Middle English wynfall, 1500s wyndefale, wind faulle. Etymology: perhaps of foreign origin; compare Middle High German wintval (German windfall ): see wind n.¹, fall n.² 1. Something blown down by the wind, or the fall of something so blown down: a. a tree or branch, or a number of trees or branches; spec. (chiefly U.S.) a heap or tract of fallen trees blown down by a tornado. Also in figurative context. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > characterized by quality or health > [noun] > fallen or uprooted rower1442 windfall1464 root-fall1584 down timber1837 deadfall1883 uproot1891 timber-fall1897 1464 Rolls of Parl. V. 540/2 Trees Boghes and Woode called Wyndfalles. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) V. 75 How or when thes Trees cam doune other be Cutting or Wind Faulle no Manne ther can telle. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 30 Downe tears yt wyndfals, and thick woods sturdelye tumbleth. 1602 in G. P. Scrope Hist. Castle Combe (1852) 334 Les mortuos arbores, Anglicè the starveling trees and wyndfalls. 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 175 The Spartans..when they did spread, and their Boughs were becommen too great, for their Stem, they became a Windfall vpon the suddaine. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva xxxii. 109 That no unnecessary Imbezelment be made by pretences of Repair of Paling, Lodges, Browse for Deer, &c., Wind~falls, Root-falls. 1772 J. Forster in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 376 They do not burrow under ground, but live..under wind~falls and roots of trees. 1784 J. Belknap Belknap Papers (1877) II. 177 We kept one man before, with an ax, to cut away windfalls. 1830 J. Galt Lawrie Todd I. iii. v. 215 Through the windfalls and the openings of the settlement, the rising sun was beginning to silver the leaves. 1866 R. D. Craig Trees & Woods 123 If the windfall be of trees which are not timber in their nature. 1872 Builder 7 Dec. 964/2 The village constable..charged her with picking up a few rotten windfalls from the trees. b. fruit from a tree or bush (rarely flowers). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > valued plants and weeds > edible product or fruit > [noun] > dropped or fallen fruit falling1584 windfalla1592 the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > [noun] > fallen fruit windfalla1592 nightfall1611 night-falling1632 tumble fruit1891 the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > plant defined by leaves > [noun] > shedding leaves or petals > plant that sheds windfalla1592 the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > petal > petals or corolla > blown from plant by wind windfalla1592 a1592 R. Greene Orpharion (1599) 49 If Roses be not gathered in the bud, they either wither or proue windfalls. 1604 N. F. Fruiterers Secrets 12 They which fall before the time of gathering, as wind-falles. 1661 M. Stevenson Twelve Moneths 42 The wind begins to bluster among the Apples,..and the wind-falls are gathered to fill the Pies for the houshold. 1705 E. Ward Hudibras Redivivus I. ii. 17 The grizly Boar is hunting round; To see what Windfals may be found. 1766 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. i. 19 They will reject the fruit that has lain but a few hours on the ground, and continue on the watch..for a fresh wind fall. 1802 W. Forsyth Treat. Fruit-trees vii. 99 When the men numbered the Pears, there was near a barrowful of wind-falls at the bottom of the old tree. 1880 R. Jefferies Round about Great Estate x. 197 Heaps of the windfalls collected there to wait for the cider-mill. 2. figurative. A casual or unexpected acquisition or advantage. ΘΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] > an advantage, benefit, or favourable circumstance > a benefit > casual windfall1542 snap1864 the mind > possession > acquisition > [noun] > that which is obtained or acquired > an acquisition or gain > casual or accidental windfall1542 falling1584 by-acquist1661 daebak2003 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 321^v After beeyng come to a good wyndefall of inheritaunce. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1237 This man..who otherwise before-time was but poore and needy, by these windfalles and unexpected cheats became very wealthy. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 50 Where ever neighbouring Princes of their own Nation watched for the windfals of Crowns. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Wind-fall,..some Estate or Profit unexpectedly come to one. 1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 190 He..kept little windfalls, that came to him by the negligence of customers—tooth-pick cases, loose silver. 1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk II. iv. 70 These and many more wind-falls of character he gave us in thought, word, and action. 1897 M. Oliphant W. Blackwood II. xix. 256 Mr. Langford..was a most unusual windfall to drop thus casually into the new concern. Compounds C1. attributive (from sense 1): That is a windfall; blown down by the wind: = Compounds 2. Also figurative (from sense 2): Casual, ‘chance’. Also applied (poetically) to a flood of unexpected light. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > [adjective] > brought to the ground or laid low > blown down by the wind windfall1465 wind-fallen1563 blown-down1863 the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [adjective] byc1050 casualc1374 fortuitc1374 fortunelc1374 fortunousc1374 causelessc1386 adventurousc1405 accidental1502 fortunable1509 happya1522 chanceable1549 occasional1569 accidentary1581 emergent1593 streave1598 contingent1604 happening1621 incidental1644 lucky1648 sporadical1654 temerarious1660 spontaneous1664 incidentarya1670 chance1676 antrin?1725 fortuitous1806 sporadic1821 windfall1845 chanced1853 blind1873 happenchance1905 happenstance1905 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > [adjective] > surprising, unexpected unbeweena1325 sudden1340 unhopedc1374 unwarec1374 unweenedc1374 unguessedc1400 unlooked for1531 untraisted1533 extonious1548 unlooked1548 unthought1548 unwares1548 unaspected1578 inexpecteda1586 unexpecteda1586 unwary1590 unwaited1592 unmistrusted1595 inopinate1598 unforethought1601 nap-taking1602 startling1609 expectless1613 unexpect1633 admirable1639 immergent1655 unpresumed1686 abrupt1725 unguessed1746 unanticipateda1779 unpredicted1792 unprecipitated1795 unsurmised1820 unsupposed1821 inopine1880 windfall1945 over-the-transom1952 left field1955 conversation-stopping1960 1465 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 292 Ther is wyndfall wod at þe maner þat is of noo gret valewe. 1589 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 93 For barke of a wyndfolle trie at Smytheles vj^d. 1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido i You shall haue leaues and windfall bowes enow. 1762 in 6th Rep. Deputy Keeper App. ii. 132 The Wood called Browsings, Windfall Wood, and Dead Wood. 1845 S. Judd Margaret ii. i. 217 All wind-fall comers here seem to be without names. 1860 All Year Round 22 Sept. 560 The windfall fruit in his uncle's garden. 1882 W. Besant All Sorts of Men I. xii. 260 Early August apples, and windfall pears. 1945 D. Thomas Fern Hill in Horizon Oct. 221 And once below a time I lordly had the trees and leaves Trail with daisies and barley Down the rivers of the windfall light. C2. Special combinations. windfall profit n. Economics unexpectedly large or unforeseen profit; similarly windfall gain, windfall loss, etc. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > [adjective] > large > specific unexpected windfall profit1936 society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > financial loss > [noun] > large or unexpected windfall loss1936 society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > profit > [noun] > exceptionally large profit or gain > specific unexpected windfall profit1936 1936 J. M. Keynes Gen. Theory Employment ii. vi. 57 The change in the value of the equipment, due to unforeseen changes in market values, exceptional obsolescence or destruction..may be called the windfall loss. 1936 J. M. Keynes Gen. Theory Employment v. xx. 288 The windfall gain will wholly accrue to those entrepreneurs who happen to possess products at a relatively advanced stage of production. 1951 Sloan & Zurcher Dict. Econ. 266 Windfall profit, a profit in excess of that which can be considered normal. 1973 Times 21 Dec. 6/7 A proposal for Congress to impose ‘an emergency windfall profits tax’ on the oil companies. Although President Nixon himself told the American consumer..‘there will be no windfall profits at their expense’. 1977 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 26 May 31/4 The shift to free market pricing would give the oil companies windfall profits. Draft additions December 2003 windfall profits tax n. Business = windfall tax n. at Additions. ΚΠ 1973 Times 21 Dec. 6/7 A proposal for Congress to impose ‘an emergency windfall profits tax’ on the oil companies. Although President Nixon himself told the American consumer..‘there will be no windfall profits at their expense’. 1997 J. Fallows in J. Kantor et al. Slate Diaries (2000) 94 Construction in our building may subject the hotdog woman to a windfall-profits tax. Draft additions December 2003 windfall tax n. Business a tax levied on an unforeseen or unexpectedly large profit, esp. one that is considered to be excessive or unfairly obtained. ΚΠ 1909 Times 2 July 10/3 Mr. Lloyd-George's increment tax and reversion duty are attempts to secure for the State a part of a certain class of windfall... The question is, Will they really operate as windfall taxes? 1997 C. G. Hooton Executive Governance App. C. 192 Although some proceeds from the windfall tax would go into an energy security trust fund, no separate fund would finance mass transit. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1464
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