vaccinen.
/ˈvaksiːn/, /ˈvaksɪn/, U.S. /vækˈsin/, /ˈvækˌsin/ 1. Medicine.† a. The disease cowpox, esp. when regarded as a source of material used in vaccination against smallpox. Obsolete.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > cowpox
cowpox1798
vaccine pock1799
vaccine1800
vaccinia1800
vacciola1801
pap pox1887
1800 R. Dunning Some Observ. Vaccination 101 This disease [sc. Chicken-Pox] was as easily transferable from poultry, as the Vaccine was from the cow, to the human body.
1813 Philos. Mag. 42 34 And as the vaccine is found in the cows of the provinces of Puebla and Michauacan, every body having it at hand, all the children are now vaccinated.
1880 P. Casamajor tr. L. Pasteur in Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 2 81 Is it not still more surprising to find that vaccine, a virulent but mild disease, is a preventive, not only of vaccine itself, but of a more serious disease—the small pox?
b. Material taken from pocks of cowpox for use in vaccination against smallpox. Now historical.Until the late 19th cent. much of this material was taken from pocks occurring on people who had recently been vaccinated, rather than from those on cattle or people naturally infected with cowpox. The purified vaccinia virus later used in smallpox vaccination continued to be obtained by passage in cattle.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > vaccine or antiserum > [noun] > vaccine > of cowpox or smallpox
variolous matter1676
vaccine lymph1799
lymph1800
vaccine1800
humanized lymph1839
pock-lymph1876
calf-lymph1884
1800 Ann. Med. 1799 4 499 A boy of six months, on the fifth day after having been inoculated with variolous matter, which had failed, was inoculated with vaccine on the other arm.
1846 F. Brittan tr. J. F. Malgaigne Man. Operative Surg. 60 Vaccination comprises the modes of collecting the vaccine [Fr. le vaccin], and of inoculating.
1847 C. J. Hempel tr. G. L. Rau Organon Specific Healing Art 164 It is indeed true, that the vaccin is a preventive against small-pox; but it is by no means certain that all preventives are curatives.
1864 Spectator 375 As ordinary Englishmen say, the vaccine took.
1911 26th Ann. Rep. Bureau Animal Industry 1909 (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 11 Certain calves, after having been used for the propagation of vaccine, were sent to the Detroit stock yards.
2011 I. Bailey in S. A. Plotkin Hist. Vaccine Developm. iv. 25 The plinth records that the vaccine was sent to Paris where Woodville performed further vaccination between 20 July and 18 August 1800.
c. More generally: material prepared from the causative agent of a disease, or a product of such an agent, for use in immunization; a preparation of this kind; a dose of such a preparation.Such material is typically produced by killing the causative agent (bacterium, virus, etc.) or attenuating its virulence, by the isolation or synthesis of antigenic material specific to it, or by the use of its DNA or RNA to induce the synthesis of antigenic material by the recipient's own cells.Frequently with distinguishing word, as flu vaccine, rabies vaccine, Sabin vaccine, triple vaccine, etc.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > vaccine or antiserum > [noun] > vaccine
vaccine1880
1880 P. Casamajor tr. L. Pasteur in Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 2 86 What other condition must this organism fulfil to be a true vaccine like that of cow-pox?
1890 E. R. Lankester Advancem. Sci. iii. 167 It is now demonstrated that the protection afforded, whether by Montaguism, Jennerism, or Pasteurism, is due to the production of a chemical soluble substance by the microbes of the disease, which may be termed generically ‘vaccin’.
1907 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 8 109 They have found it possible to artificially increase the population of opsonins in the blood by subcutaneously injecting into the patient a carefully measured quantity of vaccine (sterile bacteria).
1931 W. T. Vaughan Allergy & Appl. Immunol. xxix. 328 While the use of immune sera has not been successful in the treatment of typhoid fever, the vaccine has more than demonstrated its efficiency as a preventive.
1983 Sci. Amer. Feb. 48/2 There has been increasing interest in the preparation of synthetic vaccines, which is to say vaccines containing not intact viruses but merely peptides..that have been constructed in the laboratory to mimic a very small region of the virus's outer coat.
2021 Herald (Scotland) (Nexis) 22 June By this Sunday, June 27, everyone in the top nine priority groups should have received their second vaccine.
2. figurative.
a. Something likened to a vaccine in being a form of protection or defence.
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the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence
hornc825
shieldc1200
warranta1272
bergha1325
armour1340
hedge1340
defencec1350
bucklerc1380
protectiona1382
safety1399
targea1400
suretyc1405
wall1412
pavise?a1439
fencec1440
safeguard?c1500
pale?a1525
waretack1542
muniment1546
shrouda1561
bulwark1577
countermure1581
ward1582
prevention1584
armourya1586
fortificationa1586
securitya1586
penthouse1589
palladium1600
guard1609
subtectacle1609
tutament1609
umbrella1609
bastion1615
screena1616
amulet1621
alexikakon1635
breastwork1643
security1643
protectionary1653
sepiment1660
back1680
shadower1691
aegis1760
inoculation1761
buoya1770
propugnaculum1773
panoply1789
armament1793
fascine1793
protective1827
beaver1838
face shield1842
vaccine1861
zariba1885
wolf-platform1906
firebreak1959
1861 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem III. cliv. 155 Impressing the advantages of industry, with the chance of acting as a vaccine to the habits of thieves.
1920 E. A. Ross Princ. of Sociol. xiii. 162 Shrewd statesmen realize that it is well to tolerate criticism of government in Parliament and in the press as a vaccine against revolt.
2019 H. Korbey Building Better Citizens x. 91 (heading) A vaccine against fake news.
b. Computing. A program designed to detect and remove, or offer protection from, computer viruses.
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society > computing and information technology > software > [noun] > system or utility programmes > other
rollback1954
loader1959
package1964
scheduler1966
post-processor1967
shell1974
disc emulator1977
profiler1977
spooler1979
updater1980
sniffer1986
vaccine1986
antivirus1988
1986 Computer Security iii. 72 Research in computer security may bring the development of new mechanisms—perhaps even a kind of programming ‘vaccine’—effective against the virus.
1989 N.Y. Times 7 Oct. 35/5 A new industry has blossomed offering users protective programs known as vaccines, or anti-viral software.
1991 PC World Jan. 66 The two kinds of vaccine software—scanning programs and memory-resident programs—are sometimes combined, as in Norton AntiVirus.
2020 A. Belous & V. Saladukha Viruses, Hardware & Software Trojans ii. 111 It is also necessary to use specialized programs to protect against viruses. These programs can be divided into several types: detectors, doctors (phages), inspectors, inspectors–doctors, filters, and vaccines (immunizers).
Compounds
C1.
a. General use as a modifier in senses 1b and 1c.
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1800 Philos. Mag. Aug. 282 The Vaccine Institution, which has already been so useful in England, and which has communicated on the subject with the learned in various parts of Europe to introduce the cow-pock inoculation.
1816 J. Ring (title) A caution against vaccine swindlers and impostors.
1830 Lady Morgan France in 1829–30 II. 466 The Royal Academy of Medicine..named him on the vaccine commission.
1913 Times 13 Aug. 4/4 Professor Yanowsky..emphasized the importance of not neglecting local measures, such as saps, ointments, &c.—a trap that the vaccine enthusiast had occasionally fallen into.
1959 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 20 June 1547/2 The protection afforded by this type 2 vaccine strain against the type 1 epidemic strain [of poliomyelitis] is difficult to interpret.
2020 Hindustan Times (Nexis) 15 July The government is providing all support needed to fast-track the vaccine development process.
b. Designating instruments used to introduce material from pocks of cowpox or (in later use) other types of vaccine into or through the skin.vaccine point: see point n.1 21j.
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1801 E. Jenner Let. 7 Sept. in Med. & Physical Jrnl. 6 325 The Vaccine lancet is not to be trifled with.
1820 J. Cross Hist. Variolous Epidemic Norwich 267 Another thinks the reason of his seeing no variolous patient in 1819 is attributable to his going round to all those parishes where he has influence once every year ‘armed with his vaccine points’.
1859 Vaccine (Eastern Dispensary City N.-Y.) 4 Vaccine Quills sufficient to vaccinate twelve persons will be supplied.
1889 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. VII. 518 Ume's vaccine-scarificator consists of four blades fixed upon a horizontal axis.
1924 Amer. Jrnl. Trop. Med. 4 332 Then with a vaccine scarifier, I..scratched the skin over the deltoid region as is ordinarily done for smallpox vaccine.
1951 Public Health Rep. 66 40 The individually wrapped vaccine needles were tested on rabbits.
2001 European Jrnl. Pharmaceut. Sci. 14 105/2 The Intraject is a development of the vaccine gun designed to deliver liquids through skin without using needles.
2014 Infection Control & Hosp. Epidemiol. 35 603/2 The kit included prefilled vaccine syringes, consent forms, and stickers.
C2. As a modifier with past participles, with the sense ‘with, by, or from (a) vaccine’.
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1802 G. Pearson Exam. Rep. Vaccine Pock Inoculation 102 By this time..the number of vaccine inoculated cases had been increased from seven or eight to several hundred.
1899 Hahnemannian Advocate 15 May 292 The periodic epidemic of smallpox comes around and selects its victims, paying as little attention to the vaccine-protected as did the bull in the fable to the gnat on his horn.
1943 Ann. Rep. U.S. Public Health Service 1941–3 151 Fairly large series are available for the 5-day rapid drip, 7-day multiple injection with and without vaccine-induced fever, and 1-day mechano-fever therapy methods.
2015 Science 11 Sept. 1146/1 The outbreaks are unrelated, but in both instances the culprit is a vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV).
C3.
vaccine-damaged adj. (and n.) affected with a condition regarded as being an adverse effect of vaccination; occasionally also as n.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > other injuries
crippid1382
brokena1400
bobbed1573
winged1789
self-inflicted1885
vaccine-damaged1973
Tasered1976
1973 Guardian 3 Aug. 11/2 Helen is now 11, and her mother is the leader of a group of angry women who have just formed the Association of Parents of Vaccine Damaged Children.
1980 Times 15 Jan. 4/1 (heading) New campaign to win state help for the vaccine-damaged.
2018 Bega (New S. Wales) District News (Nexis) 10 July 5 The US has paid out nearly $4billion to vaccine-damaged children since the mid '80s.
vaccine hesitancy n. hesitancy, reluctance, or refusal to have oneself or one's children vaccinated against an infectious disease or diseases.
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2006 PR Newswire (Nexis) 15 July The conference continues tomorrow with a focus on vaccine hesitancy and parents who refuse to vaccinate their children.
2016 Vaccine Safety Communication (World Health Organization) i. 12/1 Understanding vaccine hesitancy will help communication planners design appropriate approaches to overcome behavioural barriers.
2021 New Yorker 8 Mar. 12/2 Vaccine hesitancy is a concern; a third of the members of the military who have been offered a vaccine have turned it down.
vaccine hesitant adj. hesitant, reluctant, or refusing to be vaccinated (or to have one's children vaccinated) against an infectious disease or diseases; inclined to or characterized by vaccine hesitancy.
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2005 Amer. Acad. Pediatrics (title of document) Strategies for pediatricians: addressing concerns of vaccine-hesitant parents.
2013 Health Educ. & Behavior 40 544/1 Measures have been developed to identify vaccine-hesitant parents, as well as their questions, concerns, and perceived barriers to vaccination.
2021 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 19 Aug. More than one-in-five people remain vaccine hesitant, with a relatively even split between Australians who are unwilling or simply unsure.
vaccine inoculation n. (a) infection of a person with cowpox by inoculation of material from the pocks, as a means of protection against smallpox; the action of or practice of inoculating such material (= vaccination n. 1) (now historical); (b) the action or practice of administering any kind of vaccine (cf. vaccination n. 2).
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > immunoprophylaxis > [noun] > immunization > inoculation or vaccination
semination1747
inoculating1754
inoculation1759
vaccine inoculation1799
vaccinating1801
vaccination1868
1799 G. Pearson in Philos. Mag. 4 312 (heading) A statement of the progress in the vaccine inoculation.
1816 J. Ewell Med. Compan. (ed. 3) 305 The above is the progress of the vaccine inoculation in the greater number of cases, from the time of insertion to that of drying up of the pustule.
1909 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 2 Oct. 934/2 Vaccine inoculation will be very useful in cases of diabetics to protect them from getting boils.
2008 MMWR 23 May 4 (table) Any remaining product [sc. a rabies vaccine] should be administered intramuscularly in the deltoid or quadriceps (at a location other than that used for vaccine inoculation to minimize potential interference).
2013 S. L. Kotar & J. E. Gessler Smallpox vii. 53 Good news traveled quickly and by October 1800, Professor Jean DeCarro..reported on his success with the vaccine inoculation from Vienna.
vaccine passport n. a record certifying that an individual has been vaccinated against a particular infectious disease or diseases; spec. an official document (either physical or digital) that may be required for travel or access to certain places.
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2009 Clin. Microbiol. & Infection 15 Suppl. 4 S38/1 Additional interventions to improve vaccine uptake and outcome have included..educational programmes..and creation of a vaccine passport.
2012 Irish Times (Nexis) 11 Dec. (Health section) 3 The study found that switching GPs and forgetting to keep records in the vaccine passport provided for every child at birth, were also factors in parents defaulting [on vaccination].
2021 New Yorker 8 Mar. 12/1 One measure of how tricky it can be to think about the [Covid-19] pandemic's next chapter is the discussion around ‘vaccine passports’. The idea is that a person's vaccine status—perhaps documented by an app—could open doors that would otherwise be closed.
vaccine therapy n. the use of a vaccine to treat (rather than prevent) a disease, typically by altering the activity of the immune system; cf. immunotherapy n.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > immunoprophylaxis > [noun] > immunotherapy > types of
Pasteurism1883
pasteurization1886
vaccine therapy?1891
?1891 J. Weir Hahnemann on Homœopathic Philos. 2 Lately..vaccine therapy came along to give new stimulus to medical ideas.
1907 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 4 313 (heading) The opsonic index and vaccine therapy of pseudodiphtheric otitis.
1974 Mycopathologia et Mycol. Applicata 53 25 (heading) Pompholyx of the hands and feet. Its etiology, pathogenesis and specific vaccine therapy.
2018 Blood 131 2640 (title) Vaccine therapy in hematologic malignancies.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022).
vaccineadj.
/ˈvaksiːn/, /ˈvaksɪn/, U.S. /vækˈsin/, /ˈvækˌsin/ (In sense 2 also)Brit. /ˈvaksʌɪn/, U.S. /ˈvæksaɪn/ 1. Medicine. Now historical.
a. Designating the disease cowpox, esp. when regarded as a source of material for vaccination against smallpox; esp. in vaccine disease, vaccine pock.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > cowpox
cowpox1798
vaccine pock1799
vaccine1800
vaccinia1800
vacciola1801
pap pox1887
1799 W. Woodville Rep. Series Inoculations Variolæ Vaccinæ 143 The vaccine disease, as it has lately been called, affords a striking example..of a disorder which can be transferred from brute animals to man, and carried back again from him to the brute.
1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 169 I found the Vaccine-pock so safe and mild a disease..that I became a convert.
1851 T. R. Leadam Homœopathy 360 When the system has been satisfactorily infected by the vaccine disease.
1905 W. M. Welch & J. F. Schamberg Acute Contagious Dis. i. 20 The course of the vaccine disease in this case was very carefully noted by Jenner each day from the time the virus was introduced until the crust came off spontaneously.
2020 P. J. Pead Benjamin Jesty vi. 89 Pearson inaugurated the formation of the Original Vaccine Pock Institution.
b. Of, relating to, characteristic of, or caused by the disease cowpox.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [adjective] > cowpox
vaccine1799
vaccinial1845
1799 W. Woodville Rep. Series Inoculations Variolæ Vaccinæ 54 Whence it would appear, that the vaccine infection not only prevents but actually supersedes the casual Small-pox.
1800 R. Dunning Some Observ. Vaccination 115 Where pustules of any description occur during the period of Vaccination,..such pustules are not consequently and necessarily vaccine.
1877 Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc. 28 201 M. Daridan, a veterinary surgeon.., visited the animal and ascertained the existence of seven or eight vaccine vesicles on the skin of the udder.
1902 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 5 July 36/2 Let us remember that the true vaccine pocks are capable of inoculation in the animal or child.
2020 M. J. Bennett War against Smallpox x. 243 A little over a week later, he [sc. Dr. Helenus Scott] observed a true vaccine vesicle on her arm and took lymph to inoculate other children.
c. Designating material used to infect people or cattle with cowpox; esp. in vaccine lymph, vaccine matter, vaccine virus.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > vaccine or antiserum > [noun] > vaccine > of cowpox or smallpox
variolous matter1676
vaccine lymph1799
lymph1800
vaccine1800
humanized lymph1839
pock-lymph1876
calf-lymph1884
1799 E. Jenner Further Observ. Variolæ Vaccinæ 62 Mr. Henry Jenner..inserted the vaccine virus into the arm of a child.
1813 D. Milne in Home Papers (Hist. MSS. Comm.) 159 I gave his phial of vaccine matter to a Dr. Staunton.
1866 A. Flint Treat. Princ. Med. 780 The vesicles..contain a transparent, viscid liquid called the vaccine lymph.
2014 Early Amer. Stud. 12 308 Practitioners dried vaccine lymph on threads, ivory ‘points’, and glass plates, but however it was preserved, dried vaccine was usually less effective than fresh matter.
2. Of, relating to, or derived from cows or cattle. Cf. bovine adj. 1. Somewhat rare.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > cow > [adjective]
cowish1570
vaccine1800
cowy1893
1800 Monthly Rev. 32 App. 524 In the vaccine liquor [sc. amniotic fluid of a cow], a peculiar acid was discovered.
1804 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 12 242 All this [sc. milk, butter, and cheese] is vaccine matter; and, a fortiori, the flesh of the animal is so; but vacciolous matter is matter of vacciola or cow-pock.
1881 S. R. Macphail Relig. House Pluscardyn ii. 51 When any animal about the farm became ill, there was generally to be found some skilled person who professed vaccine medical knowledge.
1911 G. B. Shaw Doctor's Dilemma Pref. p. lxxxviii The theory and practice of securing immunization from bacterial diseases by the inoculation of ‘vaccines’ made of their own bacteria: a practice incorrectly called vaccinetherapy (there is nothing vaccine about it).
1980 L. H. Powers Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha Comedy viii. 148 Her size, her mammalian precocity, and her pastoral passivity suggest a bovine (or vaccine) quality in Eula.
2017 M. A. Zava & M. Sansinena in G. A. Presicce Buffalo ix. 226 Between 1996 and 2004, bubaline milk production increased 26%, versus only a 10% increase in vaccine milk.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022).
vaccinev.
/ˈvaksiːn/, /ˈvaksɪn/, U.S. /vækˈsin/, /ˈvækˌsin/ rare after 19th cent.
transitive. To vaccinate (a person or animal).
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > immunoprophylaxis > immunize [verb (transitive)] > inoculate or vaccinate
inoculate1759
vaccine1802
vaccinate1880
vax2006
1802 T. F. Van Opdorp et al. in Med. & Physical Jrnl. 7 253 One of our surgeons, Mr. Philipeau, whose daughter was vaccined under our inspection.
1804 M. Edgeworth To-morrow vii, in Pop. Tales III. 386 I think we had better have him vaccined.
1837 Railway Mag. & Ann. Sci. 3 418 The particulars, as to the order in which the children took the disease,..and the gentlemen who vaccined them, I have had from my wife this morning.
1997 R. P. Smith Gynecol. in Primary Care xi. 269 Rubella vaccine is recommended for adults without a prior history of rubella, those not vaccined on or after the first birthday, or patients without laboratory evidence of immunity.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022).
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n.1799adj.1799
v.1802- any manner
- any manner of
- any manner of way
- any manner of way ways
- any minute
- any mo
- any moment
- any moment now
- any more
- any more for the skylark?
- any of both
- any ol'
- any old
- any old how
- any old thing
- any old way
- any ole
- any one the least
- any only
- any other business
- any otherwise
- any port in a storm
- any publicity is good publicity
- any road
- any road up