underminingn.

Etymology: formed as underminer n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: underˈmining.

a. The action of digging under, excavating, eroding, etc. Also in figurative contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > action > secretly > not secretly

underminingc1380

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [noun] > digging or excavating > digging under

underminingc1380

underdelvingc1440

suffossion1623

undercutting1877

society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > [noun] > mine(s) > construction of

miningc1330

sap1591

undermining1598

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > [noun]

deterration1686

undermining1693

erosion1774

corrosion1781

degradation1799

denudation1811

corrasion1875

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > [noun]

wasting1398

pininga1450

consumation1551

waste1570

marasmus1574

colliquation1601

marasme1612

decrement1646

wearing1654

unnourishment1662

decline1783

undermining1897

abiotrophy1902

c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 277 Þis housebondis hous is his bodi, þat his soule is kept ynne; and undirmynyng of þis hous mai be don on two maneres.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 511/1 Vnder myndynge (P. vndermynynge), idem quod vnderdeluynge, supra.

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 124 Fortes are wonne..by battery,..by vndermining, and such like.

1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis 78 By the vndermining of which alone, the whole superstruction..[is] vtterly subuerted.

1679 C. Ness Distinct Disc. Antichrist 37 Their worshipping of saints [is]..no better then real underminings of the sacred foundation.

1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. viii. 35 The Banks..jagged and torn by..the silent underminings of Waves.

1726 tr. J. Cavalier Mem. Wars Cevennes iv. 342 They came by underminding as far as the brink of the Ditch.

1845 J. Phillips & C. G. B. Daubeny Geol. in Encycl. Metrop. VI. 705/1 The most characteristic effect of a cascade, is that ceaseless undermining of its base and sides.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 765 There are ulcers with but slight under~mining of their edges.

†b. An excavation or mine. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > excavation

pot1431

undermine1524

grave1526

digginga1552

undermining1572

groin1587

underbeiting1670

dene-hole1768

1572 R. Harrison tr. L. Lavater Of Ghostes i. xvi. 73 These [spirits] wander vp and down in caues and vnderminings.

2. The action of insidiously plotting, assailing, subverting, etc.; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun]

compassinga1300

contrivingc1330

undermining1433

imagininga1449

engininga1450

practising?1545

machinationc1550

packing1587

plotting1593

contrival1602

managing1607

tamperinga1627

practicking1640

texturea1641

contrivance1647

briguing1657

intrigue1668

intriguing1801

policizing1809

scheming1813

intriguery1815

schemery1822

plottery1823

shenanigan1855

game playing1916

shenaniganning1924

wheeler-dealing1968

wheeling and dealing1969

wheeling-dealing1973

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > action > secretly

mining1645

undermining1904

sabotage1910

sabotaging1923

white-anting1930

monkeywrenching1983

1433 J. Lydgate St. Fremund 559 By vndirmynyng, this was his menyng; Affter Fremund he to be crownyd kyng.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 285 Undermyndyng, subornation.

1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lii. 5) He had..betrayed the giltlesse Preestes by treason and undermyning.

1600 T. Nashe Summers Last Will sig. F3^v Familiaritie and conference, That were the sinewes of societies, Are now for vnderminings onely vsde.

1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety ii. 25 The frauds and underminings, the busie scramblings for little parcels of Earth.

1709 Ld. Shaftesbury Moralists ii. iii. 85 Supplanting and Undermining may be fair War elsewhere: But in Philosophical Disputes, 'tis not allowable to work underground.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxiv. 72 We can't bear the plotting and undermining that takes place.

1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 638 An undermining of strength that lessens resisting power.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

underminingadj.

Etymology: formed as undermining n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: underˈmining.

a. That excavates or erodes beneath a surface.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > [adjective] > burrowing or excavating (of mole)

undermining1617

holking1850

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > [adjective] > water or wave erosion

undermining1617

retrograding1629

rodent1874

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 160 Ireland hath neither singing Nightingall,..nor vndermining Moule.

1664 N. Ingelo Bentivolio & Urania: 2nd Pt. vi. 219 Those great Hills..would have been worn away..and..their high Tops would have been levell'd by the undermining Streams.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. viii. 57 The glacier, thus exposed to a saline water base..and to an undermining wave action,..is of course speedily detached.

1882 E. A. Floyer Unexplored Baluchistan 121 It has now probably been carried away piecemeal, for it was then perilously near the undermining river.

b. In figurative contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious > by gradual or secret means > not secretly

undermining1661

1661 A. Cowley Vision Cromwell 23 No Guards can oppose assaulting Eares, Or undermining Tears.

a1665 J. Goodwin Πλήρωμα τὸ Πνευματικόv (1670) xiv. 412 The Gospel..hath cast down..many a strong hold..; it is of an undermining nature.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 124. ¶7 There are others who are Moles through Envy... I have caught two or three of these dark undermining Vermin.

1858 J. Martineau Stud. Christianity 271 Huge piles of curious learning,..which..may detain men from search after the living rock, or notice of the undermining flood.

2. Insidiously subversive or destructive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious > by gradual or secret means

mining1560

undermining1583

cankerous1599

pioning1609

cancerous1655

sapping1819

1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Riv ^v Vndermining easinge droppers..haue wroughte this estraungment betwene vs.

c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) iv. 1317 Honours now are purchasèd by stealth Of vndermining bribes.

1679 in Roxburghe Ballads (1883) IV. 552 The Malice, and the restless Hate, Of Under~mining Foes.

1709 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels IV. 35 Undermining Arts of Disputers and Deceivers.

1849 R. T. Claridge Cold-water Cure 173 There are many sufferers from this under~mining malady.

1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss II. v. ii. 234 Instead o' whispering in corners, in that plotting, underminding way.

Derivatives

underˈminingly adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adverb] > with harmful or injurious tendency

hurtfully1552

injuriously1561

undermininglyc1590

disserviceablya1670

marringly1831

detrimentally1879

c1590 Lady Bacon in J. Spedding Bacon's Lett. (1862) III. v. 113 He commonly opened underminingly all letters sent to you from counsel or friends.

1601 J. Deacon & J. Walker Dialogicall Disc. Spirits & Diuels To Rdr. 8 Which these men..vnderminingly haue publisht in print, without any..authenticall priuiledge.

1832 F. Burney Mem. Dr. Burney III. 176 The accumulation of the whole had, slowly and underminingly, brought him into the state that has been described.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

单词	undermining
释义	underminingn. Etymology: formed as underminer n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: underˈmining. 1. a. The action of digging under, excavating, eroding, etc. Also in figurative contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > action > secretly > not secretly underminingc1380 society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [noun] > digging or excavating > digging under underminingc1380 underdelvingc1440 suffossion1623 undercutting1877 society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > [noun] > mine(s) > construction of miningc1330 sap1591 undermining1598 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > [noun] deterration1686 undermining1693 erosion1774 corrosion1781 degradation1799 denudation1811 corrasion1875 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > [noun] wasting1398 pininga1450 consumation1551 waste1570 marasmus1574 colliquation1601 marasme1612 decrement1646 wearing1654 unnourishment1662 decline1783 undermining1897 abiotrophy1902 c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 277 Þis housebondis hous is his bodi, þat his soule is kept ynne; and undirmynyng of þis hous mai be don on two maneres. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 511/1 Vnder myndynge (P. vndermynynge), idem quod vnderdeluynge, supra. 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 124 Fortes are wonne..by battery,..by vndermining, and such like. 1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis 78 By the vndermining of which alone, the whole superstruction..[is] vtterly subuerted. 1679 C. Ness Distinct Disc. Antichrist 37 Their worshipping of saints [is]..no better then real underminings of the sacred foundation. 1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. viii. 35 The Banks..jagged and torn by..the silent underminings of Waves. 1726 tr. J. Cavalier Mem. Wars Cevennes iv. 342 They came by underminding as far as the brink of the Ditch. 1845 J. Phillips & C. G. B. Daubeny Geol. in Encycl. Metrop. VI. 705/1 The most characteristic effect of a cascade, is that ceaseless undermining of its base and sides. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 765 There are ulcers with but slight under~mining of their edges. †b. An excavation or mine. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > excavation pot1431 undermine1524 grave1526 digginga1552 undermining1572 groin1587 underbeiting1670 dene-hole1768 1572 R. Harrison tr. L. Lavater Of Ghostes i. xvi. 73 These [spirits] wander vp and down in caues and vnderminings. 2. The action of insidiously plotting, assailing, subverting, etc.; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] compassinga1300 contrivingc1330 undermining1433 imagininga1449 engininga1450 practising?1545 machinationc1550 packing1587 plotting1593 contrival1602 managing1607 tamperinga1627 practicking1640 texturea1641 contrivance1647 briguing1657 intrigue1668 intriguing1801 policizing1809 scheming1813 intriguery1815 schemery1822 plottery1823 shenanigan1855 game playing1916 shenaniganning1924 wheeler-dealing1968 wheeling and dealing1969 wheeling-dealing1973 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > action > secretly mining1645 undermining1904 sabotage1910 sabotaging1923 white-anting1930 monkeywrenching1983 1433 J. Lydgate St. Fremund 559 By vndirmynyng, this was his menyng; Affter Fremund he to be crownyd kyng. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 285 Undermyndyng, subornation. 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lii. 5) He had..betrayed the giltlesse Preestes by treason and undermyning. 1600 T. Nashe Summers Last Will sig. F3^v Familiaritie and conference, That were the sinewes of societies, Are now for vnderminings onely vsde. 1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety ii. 25 The frauds and underminings, the busie scramblings for little parcels of Earth. 1709 Ld. Shaftesbury Moralists ii. iii. 85 Supplanting and Undermining may be fair War elsewhere: But in Philosophical Disputes, 'tis not allowable to work underground. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxiv. 72 We can't bear the plotting and undermining that takes place. 1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 638 An undermining of strength that lessens resisting power. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online September 2021). underminingadj. Etymology: formed as undermining n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: underˈmining. 1. a. That excavates or erodes beneath a surface. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > [adjective] > burrowing or excavating (of mole) undermining1617 holking1850 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > [adjective] > water or wave erosion undermining1617 retrograding1629 rodent1874 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 160 Ireland hath neither singing Nightingall,..nor vndermining Moule. 1664 N. Ingelo Bentivolio & Urania: 2nd Pt. vi. 219 Those great Hills..would have been worn away..and..their high Tops would have been levell'd by the undermining Streams. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. viii. 57 The glacier, thus exposed to a saline water base..and to an undermining wave action,..is of course speedily detached. 1882 E. A. Floyer Unexplored Baluchistan 121 It has now probably been carried away piecemeal, for it was then perilously near the undermining river. b. In figurative contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious > by gradual or secret means > not secretly undermining1661 1661 A. Cowley Vision Cromwell 23 No Guards can oppose assaulting Eares, Or undermining Tears. a1665 J. Goodwin Πλήρωμα τὸ Πνευματικόv (1670) xiv. 412 The Gospel..hath cast down..many a strong hold..; it is of an undermining nature. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 124. ¶7 There are others who are Moles through Envy... I have caught two or three of these dark undermining Vermin. 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Christianity 271 Huge piles of curious learning,..which..may detain men from search after the living rock, or notice of the undermining flood. 2. Insidiously subversive or destructive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious > by gradual or secret means mining1560 undermining1583 cankerous1599 pioning1609 cancerous1655 sapping1819 1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Riv ^v Vndermining easinge droppers..haue wroughte this estraungment betwene vs. c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) iv. 1317 Honours now are purchasèd by stealth Of vndermining bribes. 1679 in Roxburghe Ballads (1883) IV. 552 The Malice, and the restless Hate, Of Under~mining Foes. 1709 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels IV. 35 Undermining Arts of Disputers and Deceivers. 1849 R. T. Claridge Cold-water Cure 173 There are many sufferers from this under~mining malady. 1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss II. v. ii. 234 Instead o' whispering in corners, in that plotting, underminding way. Derivatives underˈminingly adv. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adverb] > with harmful or injurious tendency hurtfully1552 injuriously1561 undermininglyc1590 disserviceablya1670 marringly1831 detrimentally1879 c1590 Lady Bacon in J. Spedding Bacon's Lett. (1862) III. v. 113 He commonly opened underminingly all letters sent to you from counsel or friends. 1601 J. Deacon & J. Walker Dialogicall Disc. Spirits & Diuels To Rdr. 8 Which these men..vnderminingly haue publisht in print, without any..authenticall priuiledge. 1832 F. Burney Mem. Dr. Burney III. 176 The accumulation of the whole had, slowly and underminingly, brought him into the state that has been described. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.c1380adj.1583
随便看	hepatizes hepatizing hepato hepato- hepato-colic hepato-lenticular degeneration hepato-portal hepato-renal hepato-umbilical hepatocele hepatocellular hepatocolic hepatocystic hepatoduodenal hepatoenteric hepatoflavin hepatoflavins hepatogastric hepatogenic hepatogenist hepatogenous hepatography hepatoid hepatolenticular degeneration hepatolith