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单词 tomfool
释义

tomfooln.adj.

Brit. /ˌtɒmˈfuːl/, U.S. /ˈtɑmˈful/
Forms: 1500s–1600s tomfoole, 1600s tomffoole, 1600s– tomfool, 1900s tomfooil (English regional (northern)). Also with capital initials.
Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Tom , fool n.1
Etymology: < the male forename Tom (see Tom n.1) + fool n.1The following earlier examples probably refer to specific jesters called Thomas:1356–7 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 719 Pro funeracione Thome Fole [from 1336 frequently mentioned as ‘Thomas fatuus’].1378 in C. M. Woolgar Househ. Accts. Medieval Eng. (1992) I. 250 In iii virg. i qr. panni nigri ad ii s. viii d. et datum Thome Fooll' per manus Johannis Royne viii s. viii d.
A. n.
1.
a. Usually with capital initial(s). As a proper noun, used as the type of a foolish, stupid, or half-witted person.Frequently in proverbial expressions, and now only in more people know Tom Fool than Tom Fool knows at Phrases.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > stupid person, dolt, blockhead > [noun]
asseOE
sotc1000
beastc1225
long-ear?a1300
stock1303
buzzard1377
mis-feelinga1382
dasarta1400
stonea1400
dasiberd14..
dottlec1400
doddypoll1401
dastardc1440
dotterel1440
dullardc1440
wantwit1449
jobardc1475
nollc1475
assheada1500
mulea1500
dull-pate15..
peak1509
dulbert?a1513
doddy-patec1525
noddypolla1529
hammer-head1532
dull-head?1534
capon1542
dolt1543
blockhead1549
cod's head1549
mome1550
grout-head1551
gander1553
skit-brains?1553
blocka1556
calfa1556
tomfool1565
dunce1567
druggard1569
cobble1570
dummel1570
Essex calf1573
jolthead1573
hardhead1576
beetle-head1577
dor-head1577
groutnoll1578
grosshead1580
thickskin1582
noddyship?1589
jobbernowl1592
beetle-brain1593
Dorbel1593
oatmeal-groat1594
loggerhead1595
block-pate1598
cittern-head1598
noddypoop1598
dorbellist1599
numps1599
dor1601
stump1602
ram-head1605
look-like-a-goose1606
ruff1606
clod1607
turf1607
asinego1609
clot-poll1609
doddiea1611
druggle1611
duncecomb1612
ox-head1613
clod-polla1616
dulman1615
jolterhead1620
bullhead1624
dunderwhelpa1625
dunderhead1630
macaroona1631
clod-patea1635
clota1637
dildo1638
clot-pate1640
stupid1640
clod-head1644
stub1644
simpletonian1652
bottle-head1654
Bœotiana1657
vappe1657
lackwit1668
cudden1673
plant-animal1673
dolt-head1679
cabbage head1682
put1688
a piece of wood1691
ouphe1694
dunderpate1697
numbskull1697
leather-head1699
nocky1699
Tom Cony1699
mopus1700
bluff-head1703
clod skull1707
dunny1709
dowf1722
stupe1722
gamphrel1729
gobbin?1746
duncehead1749
half-wit1755
thick-skull1755
jackass1756
woollen-head1756
numbhead1757
beef-head1775
granny1776
stupid-head1792
stunpolla1794
timber-head1794
wether heada1796
dummy1796
noghead1800
staumrel1802
muttonhead1803
num1807
dummkopf1809
tumphya1813
cod's head and shoulders1820
stoopid1823
thick-head1824
gype1825
stob1825
stookiea1828
woodenhead1831
ning-nong1832
log-head1834
fat-head1835
dunderheadism1836
turnip1837
mudhead1838
donkey1840
stupex1843
cabbage1844
morepork1845
lubber-head1847
slowpoke1847
stupiditarian1850
pudding-head1851
cod's head and shoulders1852
putty head1853
moke1855
mullet-head1855
pothead1855
mug1857
thick1857
boodle1862
meathead1863
missing link1863
half-baked1866
lunk1867
turnip-head1869
rummy1872
pumpkin-head1876
tattie1879
chump1883
dully1883
cretin1884
lunkhead1884
mopstick1886
dumbhead1887
peanut head1891
pie-face1891
doughbakea1895
butt-head1896
pinhead1896
cheesehead1900
nyamps1900
box head1902
bonehead1903
chickenhead1903
thickwit1904
cluck1906
boob1907
John1908
mooch1910
nitwit1910
dikkop1913
goop1914
goofus1916
rumdum1916
bone dome1917
moron1917
oik1917
jabroni1919
dumb-bell1920
knob1920
goon1921
dimwit1922
ivory dome1923
stone jug1923
dingleberry1924
gimp1924
bird brain1926
jughead1926
cloth-head1927
dumb1928
gazook1928
mouldwarp1928
ding-dong1929
stupido1929
mook1930
sparrow-brain1930
knobhead1931
dip1932
drip1932
epsilon1932
bohunkus1933
Nimrod1933
dumbass1934
zombie1936
pea-brain1938
knot-head1940
schlump1941
jarhead1942
Joe Soap1943
knuckle-head1944
nong1944
lame-brain1945
gobshite1946
rock-head1947
potato head1948
jerko1949
turkey1951
momo1953
poop-head1955
a right one1958
bam1959
nong-nong1959
dickhead1960
dumbo1960
Herbert1960
lamer1961
bampot1962
dipshit1963
bamstick1965
doofus1965
dick1966
pillock1967
zipperhead1967
dipstick1968
thickie1968
poephol1969
yo-yo1970
doof1971
cockhead1972
nully1973
thicko1976
wazzock1976
motorhead1979
mouth-breather1979
no-brainer1979
jerkwad1980
woodentop1981
dickwad1983
dough ball1983
dickweed1984
bawheid1985
numpty1985
jerkweed1988
dick-sucker1989
knob-end1989
Muppet1989
dingus1997
dicksack1999
eight ball-
1565 J. Calfhill Aunswere Treat. Crosse f. 103v I might byd them tell them, as Tom foole did his geese.
1611 J. Field in T. Coryate Crudities sig. l1 Tom foole may goe to schoole, but nere be taught.
?1640 New Serm. of Newest Fashion (1877) 32 A foole reall..such ffooles wee commonlie expresse by the names of Tom ffoole, Dick ffoole, and Jack ffoole.
a1718 N. Rowe Poems Several Occasions (1751) 87 Some, who have the stars survey'd, Are ignorantly led, To think those glorious lamps were made, To light Tom-Fool to bed.
1780 W. Woty Poems Several Occasions Ded. p. vi Shall I my thoughts in flatt'ry's dress disguise, Call Dullman witty,..Verbose an orator, Tom Fool a wit.
1830 C. Bury Jrnl. of Heart 201 It will be something else, as Goëthe says, or as Tasso says, or Byron says, or Madame de Stael says... I shall answer, yes; and as Tom Fool says, [etc.].
a1926 I. Zangwill King of Schnorrers ii, in From Ghetto to Melting Pot (2006) 444 Mrs. G. Blasphemer. You talk like Tom Paine. Joseph (Feebly smiling) I don't feel like Tom Pleasure. Mrs. G. Now, you talk like Tom Fool.
b. As a common noun: a foolish or stupid person; an idiot.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > person of weak intellect > [noun] > idiot, crazy person
Jack foolc1405
drivel1478
idiotc1480
nidiot1533
hare-brain1542
hare-copa1566
nidget1579
lunatic1602
flight-head1605
moonling1631
driveller1682
tomfool1683
niddy-noddy1722
imbecile1781
puggle1783
gype1825
eejit1853
nowmun1854
dinlo1873
loon1885
ratbag1890
doughbakea1895
ding-a-ling1899
feeb1914
dingbat1915
bodoh1922
diddy1933
Nimrod1933
pranny1949
momo1953
head-the-ball1958
flake1968
fuckwit1969
tattie-bogle1969
div1975
tube1975
wazzock1976
gonzo1977
motorhead1979
prannet1979
twonk1981
dough ball1983
numpty1985
divvy1987
1683 Whip for Devil 21 Call the rest..by contemptible names; as, You Tom-Fool, you Hell-Baker, you Sirrah, Hell-Cook, and the like.
?1701 Pilgrimage Grand Jubilee Rome 113 I shall tire the Readers Patience, if I should pretend to give an exact Account of all the Tom Fools who flock'd thither from all parts.
1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius No. 46. 1/2 From this Tom-Fool proceed we to the second, entitled Joseph.
1834 F. Marryat Pacha I. x. 193 I came with the rest of the Tom Fools.
1860 H. Mayhew Upper Rhine iv. §1. 173 A titled tom-fool, that some crowned head has been pleased to nickname noble.
1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet I. iv. 78 If..they were not clergymen, I should say they were all tom-fools.
1956 K. Amis Lett. (2000) 497 It'll be interesting to see what literary experts like..Lejeune and the radio tomfool have to say about it.
2012 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 5 Nov. 28 Any tomfool can pull people in once, with the help of base human curiosity or the lure of a one-off cheap ticket.
2. (The name of) a person who plays the part of a fool in a play or other performance; a clown, a buffoon; spec. a clown who performs with a team of morris dancers. Cf. Tom n.1 1d.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > performance of jester or comedian > [noun] > jester or comedian
jugglerc1175
foolc1300
jangler1303
fool sagec1330
ribald1340
ape-ward1362
japer1377
sage fool1377
harlotc1390
disporter?a1475
jocular?a1475
joculatora1500
jester?1518
idiot1526
scoffer1530
sporter1531
dizzardc1540
vice1552
antic1564
bauble-bearer1568
scoggin1579
buffoon1584
pleasant1595
zany1596
baladine1599
clown1600
fiddle1600
mimic1601
ape-carrier1615
mime1616
mime-man1631
merry man1648
tomfool1650
pickle-herring1656
badine1670
puddingc1675
merry-andrew1677
mimical1688
Tom Tram1688
Monaghan1689
pickled herring1711
ethologist1727
court-foola1797
Tom1817
mimer1819
fun-maker1835
funny man1839
mimester1846
comic1857
comedian1860
jokesman1882
comique1886
Joey1896
tummler1938
alternative comedian1981
Andrew-
1650 H. More Observ. Anthroposophia Theomagica 28 Come out Tom-Fool from behinde the hangings,..and put off your vizard and be apert and intelligible.
1699 E. Ward London Spy I. vii. 15 They turn'd their Arses upon the Players, and devoted themselves wholly to the Monkeys, to the great vexation of Tom-Fool.
1773 R. Graves Spiritual Quixote I. ii. xv. 115 Those who are acquainted with this sort of morrice-dance..must know that they are usually attended with one character called the ‘Tom Fool’: who, like the clown in the pantomime, seems to be a burlesque upon all the rest.
1846 W. M. Thackeray in Punch 4 July 4/2 A theatre-manager..walking backwards in a Tom-Fool's coat.
1893 J. Salisbury Gloss. Words S.E. Worcs. at Morris-dance In the neighbourhood of Pershore the morris-dancers go out for about ten days at Christmas-tide, accompanied by their musician and a ‘tom-fool’.
1932 Jrnl. Eng. Folk Dance & Song Soc. 1 71 He had been the Squire (that is to say, the ‘tom-fool’) of the Bledington men.
2016 Worcester News (Nexis) 23 Mar. Sylvesta the jester will be showing children how to be a medieval jester... Learn how [to] be the best tom fool and how to make merry the medieval way.
3. A person who is made to appear a fool; the butt of a joke or trick; an object of derision or ridicule, a laughing stock. Frequently in to make a tomfool of. Now rare and somewhat dated.
ΚΠ
1677 W. Hughes Man of Sin ii. ix. 139 But poor Thomas is made a Tom-fool of; for they make a bridge of his Nose, for ought I find, and leave him nothing.
1730 J. Miller Humours Oxf. iii. 40 S'Death, Madam, do you think to make me your Tom-fool, your Laughing-Conveniency?
1796 M. Robinson Angelina II. 131 ‘So then I am to be the only properly drest person at the wedding? In short, the Tom fool of the company,’ said he.
1841 ‘C. Selby’ Maximums & Speciments W. Muggins xxxiii. 310 Aynt it enough that a man is taken away from his business..arout being turned hinto ridicule, and held hup as a tom-fool for the hamusement of a pack of idlers?
1879 Weekly Leader (Bloomington, Illinois) 14 Aug. I am glad to see..that you have not made a tomfool of yourself like the rest of them.
1911 Emporia (Kansas) Daily Gaz. 20 Aug. They urged me to make a tomfool of myself by racing at my age.
1994 Press Assoc. (Nexis) 20 Sept. He is making a Tom Fool out of himself in the way he is behaving.
B. adj. (originally and chiefly attributive).
Typical of or appropriate to a tomfool; very foolish; absurd, ridiculous.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > foolishness, folly > [adjective] > very foolish
overfondc1592
supernodical1594
tomfool1762
damfool1881
silly as a wheel1952
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > fact or condition of being mocked or ridiculed > [adjective] > ridiculous
gamelyOE
jape-worthyc1374
foolisha1500
ridiculous1533
ludibrious1570
laughable1600
mockablea1616
laughworthy1616
ludicral1656
derisible1657
absurd1716
grotesque1747
tomfool1762
irrisible1767
ludicrous1782
deridable1804
saugrenu1876
screwy1887
derisive1896
josh1908
nutty1915
derisory1923
dingbat1935
bonkers1961
joky1964
1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy V. xxx. 107 'Twas a Tom-fool-battle.
1819 W. Scott Let. 25 Nov. (1934) VI. 28 I had some regret in putting him into that Tom Fool dress which is so unlike that of a British soldier.
1842 G. Cholmley To Commissioners acting under Whitby New Improvem. Act 5 I thought this very Tom-fool play.
1879 G. A. Sala Paris herself Again I. x. 151 You may..wear whatever tomfool costume you like to assume.
1903 Sat. Rev. 7 Feb. 172/2 The absolute tom-fool nonsense in which Fielding could indulge.
1911 H. I. Hancock Uncle Sam's Boys on Field Duty vi. 78 It isn't so tom-fool, after all. It teaches soldiers a lot about the real manœuvres of war.
1962 Rocky Mount (N. Carolina) Telegram 28 Mar. 8 b/2 I wonder whose tomfool idea this is?
2012 Daily Mirror 30 Nov. 35/1 They gave me a lot of tomfool questions to answer, which I did to the best of my ability.

Phrases

more people know Tom Fool than Tom Fool knows: used in a situation in which someone is recognized by a person or persons whom he or she does not know or recognize.Quot. 1656 shows a similar, earlier expression with clown instead of Tom Fool.
ΚΠ
1656 S. Holland Don Zara ii. i. 63 In all Comedies more know the Clown, then the Clown knows.]
1722 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack 347 It was no satisfaction to me that I knew not their Faces, for they might know mine for all that, according to the old English Proverb, that more knows Tom Fool, than Tom Fool knows.
?1750 Conduct & Scandalous Behaviour Porters in Exchange Alley 45 I don't know you, but there is more knows Tom-fool than Tom-fool knows.
1849 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 686/2 An old byword, which says more people know Tom Fool than Tom Fool knows.
1865 Cornhill Mag. Oct. 391 Now though he didn't know Hannah, Hannah knew him. ‘More folks know Tom Fool, than Tom Fool knows’, asking Mr. Preston's pardon.
1922 Times 15 Nov. 10/2 I was flattered by the assurance that my initials would suffice. More people, thought I, know Tom Fool than Tom Fool knows.
2001 Sunday Times (Nexis) 7 Oct. ‘You're famous, aren't you?’ she said. Well, no, not in the precise meaning of the word. More people know Tom Fool than Tom Fool knows.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

tomfoolv.

Brit. /ˌtɒmˈfuːl/, U.S. /ˈtɑmˈful/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: tomfool n.
Etymology: < tomfool n.
1. intransitive. To act like a fool; to behave foolishly or frivolously; to fool about or around. Cf. fool v. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > foolishness, folly > be or become foolish [verb (intransitive)] > act foolishly
dotec1225
foleyec1374
fop1528
fond1530
daff1535
pract1568
dolt1573
daw1596
fool1597
guck1603
baboonize1611
prat1685
to play the fool1722
niff-naff1728
fopple1756
doitera1790
daffle1796
tomfool1825
to play (also act) the (giddy) goat1841
lallygag1862
silly1877
monkey1878
footle1891
to ass around1899
to play silly buggers (also beggars, bleeders, etc.)1903
to arse around1919
to jackass around1927
nimble-pimble1927
to fuck about1929
to fool up1933
to crap around1936
pantomime1958
prat1961
dork1990
1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. I. 181 She began lecturing and tom-fooling with as great a quack as herself.
1836 T. Hook Gilbert Gurney I. i. 15 All the lovers and their ladies were to be flirting and tom-fooling about in the costume of the then present day.
1979 Guardian 9 Apr. 11/6 If I found myself in that position I would not tomfool around playing music.
2013 M. Lewisohn Beatles: All these Years I. 53 He tomfooled around London with a few shipmates.
2. transitive. To fool, to trick, to dupe; to make a fool of. Cf. fool v. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > duping, making a fool of > befool, cheat, dupe [verb (transitive)]
belirtOE
bitruflea1250
begab1297
bobc1320
bedaffc1386
befool1393
mock1440
triflea1450
glaik?a1513
bedawa1529
fond?1529
allude1535
gulla1550
dolt1553
dor1570
poop1575
colt1579
foolify1581
assot1583
noddify1583
begecka1586
elude1594
wigeona1595
fool1598
noddy1600
fop1602
begull1605
waddle1606
woodcockize1611
bemocka1616
greasea1625
noddypoop1640
truff1657
bubble1668
cully1676
coaxc1679
dupe1704
to play off1712
noodle1769
idiotize1775
oxify1804
tomfool1835
sammyfoozle1837
trail1847
pipe lay1848
pigwidgeon1852
green1853
con1896
rib1912
shuck1959
1835 D. P. Thompson Adventures Timothy Peacock xii. 133 I had wit enough, it seems, to Tom-fool the whole posse of 'em there in New-York.
1859 A. Lookup Italy Free iv. ii. 76 I'll be hanged, if I don't play the original Great Napoleon and mightily tomfool them both.
1874 C. C. Coffin Caleb Krinkle l. 477 The newspapers lied like the Old Scratch, and all Millbrook has been Tom-fooled.
1902 Boy's Own Paper 13 Dec. 162/2 Be you a-tryin' to tomfool us?
1976 Fairpress (Westport, Connecticut) 7 July 20 a/1 Carey finds..children often more interested in ‘figuring out the trick’ than being tomfooled or befuddled by the magician.
2004 R. Adams Crossing Jordan ii. 53 With a shrug of the shoulder, they question whether they'd not been tomfooled..into believing a mirage.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
n.adj.1565v.1825
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