Britannian.

Brit.

/brᵻˈtanjə/, U.S.

/brɪˈtænjə/

Forms: 1600s–1800s Britania, 1600s– Britannia, 1700s Brittania, 1700s Brittannia.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly from a proper name. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: proper name Britannia; Latin Britannia.

Etymology: < (i) Britannia, the name (chiefly in rhetorical use) of Great Britain, also (historical) the Roman province of Britain, and its etymon (ii) classical Latin Britannia, Brittannia (also Britanniae , plural; > Hellenistic Greek Βρεττανία ) the Roman province of Britain, the British Isles, Britain personified as a woman, in post-classical Latin also Brittany (see Britain n.²) < Brittannī , plural (see Britain n.¹) + -ia -ia suffix¹. Compare Britain n.²Britannia occurs occasionally as a place name in English contexts from Old English onwards (in Old English as Bretania , Brettannia , Brittannia , Bryttania , Bryttannia ; in later use only either rhetorically for ‘Britain’ or historically for the Roman province of Britannia):eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) i. i. 12 On þæs garsecges earm þe þæt lond uton ymblið þe mon Bryttania [OE Tiber. bryttannia] hætt.OE tr. Orosius Hist. (Tiber.) (1980) i. i. 19 Brittannia þæt igland hit is norðeastlang... Þær [sc. in Ireland] syndon lyðran wedera þonne on Brettannia [L. Britanniae].1565 W. Alley Πτωχομυσεῖον vi. f.216 This lland was called Britannia of Brutus.1616 W. Browne (title) Britannia's Pastorals.1756 Monitor 2 No. 71. 184 Hear ye men of Britannia!a1802 T. Dermody Harp of Erin (1807) II. 211 The muse herself..a more exalted portance shall assume, and in Britannia raise another Rome.1915 Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 9 142 They [sc. the Huns] then invaded Britannia and were defeated by Gratian Municeps. In sense 2 probably so called after Brittany, where the cloth was apparently first produced (although later the name was perhaps also associated with Great Britain, from where it was exported to the Americas). Compare Spanish bretaña , bretana (1491); also French toile de Bretagne (1717 or earlier), Bretagnes , plural (1784 or earlier). Both the French and the Spanish words were later occasionally borrowed into English in the same sense. Compare earlier Britain n.² 1.

1. Britain personified as a woman; the figure representing this, depicted wearing a helmet, holding a shield and trident, and usually seated, emblematic of Britain (or England) esp. as an imperial or sea power, or as a symbol of nationalism. Cf. Rule Britannia n. (also cool Britannia n.) and Marianne n.The figure of Britannia appeared on Roman coins and was revived with the name ‘Britannia’ on the coinage of Charles II. Britannia continued to be depicted on U.K. coinage throughout the pre-decimal era, and after decimalization in 1971 appeared esp. on the fifty-pence piece and the Britannia. Earlier modern illustrations of Britannia appear in the frontispiece to John Dee's General and Rare Memorials pertayning to the Perfect Arte of Nauigation (1577) and William Camden's Britannia (1607, rev. ed.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > [noun] > Britain

AlbionOE

Britannia1605

Brittanies1610

old country1751

home1755

homeland1862

Old Dart1863

old home1869

Pommyland1916

cool Britannia1967

mainland1980

society > communication > indication > insignia > [noun] > specific emblems, badges, or cognizances > national

ravenOE

thistle1488

red cross1523

St George's cross1548

Britannia1605

red rose1618

British Lion1687

shamrock1712

leek1714

American eagle1782

rising sun1787

white horse1814

Bird of Freedom1825

Union Jack1847

maple leaf1860

meatball1919

red star1920

hammer and sickle1921

chakra1947

1605 A. Munday Triumphes Re-vnited Britania sig. B1^v On a Mount triangular, as the Island of Britayne it selfe is described to bee, we seate in the Supreame place, vnder the shape of a fayre and beautifull Nymph, Britania hir selfe accosted with Brutes deuided kingdoms.

1667 S. Pepys Diary 25 Feb. (1974) VIII. 83 The King's new Medall, where in little there is Mrs. Steward's face..and a pretty thing it is that he should choose her face to represent Britannia by.

1716 London Gaz. No. 5404/3 The Figure of a Woman, commonly called Brittannia.

1740 J. Thomson & D. Mallet Alfred ii. v. 42 Rule, Britannia, rule the waves; Britons never will be slaves.

1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck i. 2 Neptune hears Britannia's Thunders roll.

1798 Ld. Nelson in A. Duncan Life Nelson (1806) 101 Britannia still rules the waves.

1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto I iv. 5 Nelson was once Britannia's god of war.

1864 Notes & Queries 3rd Ser. 5 37/1 The earliest coin..with the figure of Britannia is a copper half penny of 1672.

1934 Punch 20 June 679/3 They will disclose Britannia, enthroned on the top of a de luxe model of one of those erections from which they mend tram-wires.

1999 Leading Lights 2 No. 12. 14/1 The proud Trinity House crest—Britannia, her trident dexter, rampant in a sea of gules—shining as bright as ever.

2. In plural. Standard lengths of medium-quality linen or linen-cotton plain-weave fabric used for clothing, sheeting, etc., originally made in Brittany in northern France and often exported through Great Britain to North and South America in the 18th and 19th centuries. Also attributive. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > linen > types of > other

lewyn1360

crest-clothc1430

homplec1450

busk1458

kreyscloth1507

middlegood1567

botano1604

Britannias1699

green cloth1700

tandem1747

Russia sheeting1749

damassé1864

1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. ii. iv. 110 Ships come to bring..European Commodities; viz. Broad-cloth, Serges,..Britannias, Hollandilloes, Iron-work, [etc.].

1706 London Gaz. No. 4189/4 Coarse unwatered Camblets..Britannia Linen..broad Germany Linen.

1735–6 S.-Carolina Gaz. 7 Feb. 3/1 Just imported and to be sold by William Jelliff at Mr. Charles Pinckney's Store..brittanias, strip'd and check'd linnens.., and other European goods very cheap.

1765 Ann. Reg. 1764 107 Fine printed linens of all sorts, cambricks, Britannias, Silesias, hats, etc.

1824 Brit. Consular Rep. (1940) 35 Britannias, fine cloths, cambrics.

1873 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 5 Mar. 2/5 (advt.) Linens of various qualities..Britannias, various qualities.

1947 Winnipeg (Manitoba) Free Press 12 Dec. 17/1 $5 only from leading Canadian coat houses! Val-Durs, fleeces, shags, Britannias, blanket-cloths.

1960 C. W. Cunnington et al. Dict. Eng. Costume 245/2 Britannia,..linen imported from Brittany.

3. Articles made of Britannia metal (see Compounds 2) collectively; Britannia ware. rare.

ΚΠ

1852 A. Cary Clovernook 91 The cupboard,..where the china and britannia were wisely set for show.

4. Any of various British bullion coins of differing denominations bearing a representation of Britannia, produced in either gold or Britannia silver.The Royal Mint has issued gold Britannias annually since 1987 and silver Britannias since 1997.

ΚΠ

1987 PR Newswire Europe (Nexis) 11 Mar. The Britannia will be available in four denominations in 22ct gold—one ounce, half ounce, quarter ounce, and one tenth ounce. These coins will all be legal tender.

1991 High Life (Brit. Airways) May 26/1 Try telling that to..collectors of modern bullion coins who delight in totting up the gold value of their Canadian Maples, US Eagles, Australian Nuggets, Austrian Philharmonics and UK Britannias.

2003 Gloucester Citizen (Nexis) 5 Apr. 18 Coin collectors will be able to choose between older examples and some more modern silver and gold Britannia proof sets.

Compounds

C1. attributive. Designating articles made of Britannia metal (see Compounds 2).

ΚΠ

1814 W. Bentley Diary Feb. (1914) IV. 237 He had begun the work of the Britania Ware.

1840 Daily Picayune (New Orleans) 28 July 1 Britannia Table and Tea Spoons.

1887 M. E. Wilkins Humble Romance 107 Pouring the tea from the shiny britannia teapot into the best pink china cups.

1911 Times 5 Dec. 6/5 Taking two spoons of the usual Britannia ware, and respectively plating them with silver and with Mr. Murino's alloy.., the result is practically indistinguishable.

1970 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Sept. 26/6 What is Britannia ware? It is a very fine type of pewter made by a spinning process instead of being cast.

C2.

Britannia metal n. an alloy consisting chiefly of tin, antimony, and copper, resembling silver in appearance and formerly much used for cheap tableware; also called white metal.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > other alloys of tin

steel1662

potin1741

queen's metal1785

tutania1790

Britannia metal1800

babbitt metal1850

babbitt1866

zircaloy1953

1800 Derby Mercury 29 May 4/2 (advt.) Neat Britannia-metal teapots, Looking-Glasses, Writing Desks, [etc.].

1882 Pall Mall Gaz. 30 June 1/1 Prince Bismarck's oft-quoted..saying, that ‘Speech was silvern and silence golden; but that first to speak and then to run away was Britannia metal’.

1995 G. Tweedale Steel City i. 45 Dixon's were also Sheffield's leading manufacturers of Britannia metal.

Britannia silver n. silver that conforms to the Britannia standard, formerly used chiefly for silver plate (which typically bears the figure of Britannia as a hallmark) and now for silver bullion coins; frequently attributive.

ΚΠ

1851 Knickerbocker 38 568 His beautiful and tasteful articles of Britannia-silver ware are in lively demand.

1958 Metrop. Mus. Art Bull. 16 195 (caption) The sauceboats are typical of the sturdy forms of Britannia silver, which is richer in silver content than the sterling grade.

2007 Toronto Star (Nexis) 25 Aug. (Condo Living) 2 This tankard was made by Humphrey Payne in 1733. It's Britannia silver, weighs 2.2 pounds and stands 18 cm tall.

Britannia standard n. a standard for silver in which the fineness is set at .958 (i.e. 95.8 per cent silver).Introduced in England by Act of Parliament in 1697 to replace sterling silver (92.5 per cent) as the obligatory standard for items of silver plate; the sterling standard was reinstated in 1720.

ΚΠ

1871 Times 5 Oct. 4 Since 1739 there have been two standards for silver plate, the old of 11oz. 2dwts. in the pound Troy, and the new or Britannia standard of 11oz. 10dwts. in the same weight.

1956 Burlington Mag. Jan. 21/2 The commencing date of the exhibition coincides with the year (1720) in which the use of the Britannia Standard became optional.

2006 Western Mail (Cardiff) (Nexis) 10 June 36 In Britain the Britannia standard is the only other one permitted for silver.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	britannia
释义	Britannian. Brit. /brᵻˈtanjə/, U.S. /brɪˈtænjə/ Forms: 1600s–1800s Britania, 1600s– Britannia, 1700s Brittania, 1700s Brittannia. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly from a proper name. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: proper name Britannia; Latin Britannia. Etymology: < (i) Britannia, the name (chiefly in rhetorical use) of Great Britain, also (historical) the Roman province of Britain, and its etymon (ii) classical Latin Britannia, Brittannia (also Britanniae , plural; > Hellenistic Greek Βρεττανία ) the Roman province of Britain, the British Isles, Britain personified as a woman, in post-classical Latin also Brittany (see Britain n.²) < Brittannī , plural (see Britain n.¹) + -ia -ia suffix¹. Compare Britain n.²Britannia occurs occasionally as a place name in English contexts from Old English onwards (in Old English as Bretania , Brettannia , Brittannia , Bryttania , Bryttannia ; in later use only either rhetorically for ‘Britain’ or historically for the Roman province of Britannia):eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) i. i. 12 On þæs garsecges earm þe þæt lond uton ymblið þe mon Bryttania [OE Tiber. bryttannia] hætt.OE tr. Orosius Hist. (Tiber.) (1980) i. i. 19 Brittannia þæt igland hit is norðeastlang... Þær [sc. in Ireland] syndon lyðran wedera þonne on Brettannia [L. Britanniae].1565 W. Alley Πτωχομυσεῖον vi. f.216 This lland was called Britannia of Brutus.1616 W. Browne (title) Britannia's Pastorals.1756 Monitor 2 No. 71. 184 Hear ye men of Britannia!a1802 T. Dermody Harp of Erin (1807) II. 211 The muse herself..a more exalted portance shall assume, and in Britannia raise another Rome.1915 Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 9 142 They [sc. the Huns] then invaded Britannia and were defeated by Gratian Municeps. In sense 2 probably so called after Brittany, where the cloth was apparently first produced (although later the name was perhaps also associated with Great Britain, from where it was exported to the Americas). Compare Spanish bretaña , bretana (1491); also French toile de Bretagne (1717 or earlier), Bretagnes , plural (1784 or earlier). Both the French and the Spanish words were later occasionally borrowed into English in the same sense. Compare earlier Britain n.² 1. 1. Britain personified as a woman; the figure representing this, depicted wearing a helmet, holding a shield and trident, and usually seated, emblematic of Britain (or England) esp. as an imperial or sea power, or as a symbol of nationalism. Cf. Rule Britannia n. (also cool Britannia n.) and Marianne n.The figure of Britannia appeared on Roman coins and was revived with the name ‘Britannia’ on the coinage of Charles II. Britannia continued to be depicted on U.K. coinage throughout the pre-decimal era, and after decimalization in 1971 appeared esp. on the fifty-pence piece and the Britannia. Earlier modern illustrations of Britannia appear in the frontispiece to John Dee's General and Rare Memorials pertayning to the Perfect Arte of Nauigation (1577) and William Camden's Britannia (1607, rev. ed.). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > [noun] > Britain AlbionOE Britannia1605 Brittanies1610 old country1751 home1755 homeland1862 Old Dart1863 old home1869 Pommyland1916 cool Britannia1967 mainland1980 society > communication > indication > insignia > [noun] > specific emblems, badges, or cognizances > national ravenOE thistle1488 red cross1523 St George's cross1548 Britannia1605 red rose1618 British Lion1687 shamrock1712 leek1714 American eagle1782 rising sun1787 white horse1814 Bird of Freedom1825 Union Jack1847 maple leaf1860 meatball1919 red star1920 hammer and sickle1921 chakra1947 1605 A. Munday Triumphes Re-vnited Britania sig. B1^v On a Mount triangular, as the Island of Britayne it selfe is described to bee, we seate in the Supreame place, vnder the shape of a fayre and beautifull Nymph, Britania hir selfe accosted with Brutes deuided kingdoms. 1667 S. Pepys Diary 25 Feb. (1974) VIII. 83 The King's new Medall, where in little there is Mrs. Steward's face..and a pretty thing it is that he should choose her face to represent Britannia by. 1716 London Gaz. No. 5404/3 The Figure of a Woman, commonly called Brittannia. 1740 J. Thomson & D. Mallet Alfred ii. v. 42 Rule, Britannia, rule the waves; Britons never will be slaves. 1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck i. 2 Neptune hears Britannia's Thunders roll. 1798 Ld. Nelson in A. Duncan Life Nelson (1806) 101 Britannia still rules the waves. 1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto I iv. 5 Nelson was once Britannia's god of war. 1864 Notes & Queries 3rd Ser. 5 37/1 The earliest coin..with the figure of Britannia is a copper half penny of 1672. 1934 Punch 20 June 679/3 They will disclose Britannia, enthroned on the top of a de luxe model of one of those erections from which they mend tram-wires. 1999 Leading Lights 2 No. 12. 14/1 The proud Trinity House crest—Britannia, her trident dexter, rampant in a sea of gules—shining as bright as ever. 2. In plural. Standard lengths of medium-quality linen or linen-cotton plain-weave fabric used for clothing, sheeting, etc., originally made in Brittany in northern France and often exported through Great Britain to North and South America in the 18th and 19th centuries. Also attributive. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > linen > types of > other lewyn1360 crest-clothc1430 homplec1450 busk1458 kreyscloth1507 middlegood1567 botano1604 Britannias1699 green cloth1700 tandem1747 Russia sheeting1749 damassé1864 1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. ii. iv. 110 Ships come to bring..European Commodities; viz. Broad-cloth, Serges,..Britannias, Hollandilloes, Iron-work, [etc.]. 1706 London Gaz. No. 4189/4 Coarse unwatered Camblets..Britannia Linen..broad Germany Linen. 1735–6 S.-Carolina Gaz. 7 Feb. 3/1 Just imported and to be sold by William Jelliff at Mr. Charles Pinckney's Store..brittanias, strip'd and check'd linnens.., and other European goods very cheap. 1765 Ann. Reg. 1764 107 Fine printed linens of all sorts, cambricks, Britannias, Silesias, hats, etc. 1824 Brit. Consular Rep. (1940) 35 Britannias, fine cloths, cambrics. 1873 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 5 Mar. 2/5 (advt.) Linens of various qualities..Britannias, various qualities. 1947 Winnipeg (Manitoba) Free Press 12 Dec. 17/1 $5 only from leading Canadian coat houses! Val-Durs, fleeces, shags, Britannias, blanket-cloths. 1960 C. W. Cunnington et al. Dict. Eng. Costume 245/2 Britannia,..linen imported from Brittany. 3. Articles made of Britannia metal (see Compounds 2) collectively; Britannia ware. rare. ΚΠ 1852 A. Cary Clovernook 91 The cupboard,..where the china and britannia were wisely set for show. 4. Any of various British bullion coins of differing denominations bearing a representation of Britannia, produced in either gold or Britannia silver.The Royal Mint has issued gold Britannias annually since 1987 and silver Britannias since 1997. ΚΠ 1987 PR Newswire Europe (Nexis) 11 Mar. The Britannia will be available in four denominations in 22ct gold—one ounce, half ounce, quarter ounce, and one tenth ounce. These coins will all be legal tender. 1991 High Life (Brit. Airways) May 26/1 Try telling that to..collectors of modern bullion coins who delight in totting up the gold value of their Canadian Maples, US Eagles, Australian Nuggets, Austrian Philharmonics and UK Britannias. 2003 Gloucester Citizen (Nexis) 5 Apr. 18 Coin collectors will be able to choose between older examples and some more modern silver and gold Britannia proof sets. Compounds C1. attributive. Designating articles made of Britannia metal (see Compounds 2). ΚΠ 1814 W. Bentley Diary Feb. (1914) IV. 237 He had begun the work of the Britania Ware. 1840 Daily Picayune (New Orleans) 28 July 1 Britannia Table and Tea Spoons. 1887 M. E. Wilkins Humble Romance 107 Pouring the tea from the shiny britannia teapot into the best pink china cups. 1911 Times 5 Dec. 6/5 Taking two spoons of the usual Britannia ware, and respectively plating them with silver and with Mr. Murino's alloy.., the result is practically indistinguishable. 1970 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Sept. 26/6 What is Britannia ware? It is a very fine type of pewter made by a spinning process instead of being cast. C2. Britannia metal n. an alloy consisting chiefly of tin, antimony, and copper, resembling silver in appearance and formerly much used for cheap tableware; also called white metal. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > other alloys of tin steel1662 potin1741 queen's metal1785 tutania1790 Britannia metal1800 babbitt metal1850 babbitt1866 zircaloy1953 1800 Derby Mercury 29 May 4/2 (advt.) Neat Britannia-metal teapots, Looking-Glasses, Writing Desks, [etc.]. 1882 Pall Mall Gaz. 30 June 1/1 Prince Bismarck's oft-quoted..saying, that ‘Speech was silvern and silence golden; but that first to speak and then to run away was Britannia metal’. 1995 G. Tweedale Steel City i. 45 Dixon's were also Sheffield's leading manufacturers of Britannia metal. Britannia silver n. silver that conforms to the Britannia standard, formerly used chiefly for silver plate (which typically bears the figure of Britannia as a hallmark) and now for silver bullion coins; frequently attributive. ΚΠ 1851 Knickerbocker 38 568 His beautiful and tasteful articles of Britannia-silver ware are in lively demand. 1958 Metrop. Mus. Art Bull. 16 195 (caption) The sauceboats are typical of the sturdy forms of Britannia silver, which is richer in silver content than the sterling grade. 2007 Toronto Star (Nexis) 25 Aug. (Condo Living) 2 This tankard was made by Humphrey Payne in 1733. It's Britannia silver, weighs 2.2 pounds and stands 18 cm tall. Britannia standard n. a standard for silver in which the fineness is set at .958 (i.e. 95.8 per cent silver).Introduced in England by Act of Parliament in 1697 to replace sterling silver (92.5 per cent) as the obligatory standard for items of silver plate; the sterling standard was reinstated in 1720. ΚΠ 1871 Times 5 Oct. 4 Since 1739 there have been two standards for silver plate, the old of 11oz. 2dwts. in the pound Troy, and the new or Britannia standard of 11oz. 10dwts. in the same weight. 1956 Burlington Mag. Jan. 21/2 The commencing date of the exhibition coincides with the year (1720) in which the use of the Britannia Standard became optional. 2006 Western Mail (Cardiff) (Nexis) 10 June 36 In Britain the Britannia standard is the only other one permitted for silver. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1605
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