known mann.

Brit.

/ˌnəʊn ˈman/, U.S.

/ˈnoʊn ˈmæn/

Inflections: Plural known men.

Forms: see known adj. and n. and man n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: English known , know v., man n.¹

Etymology: < known, past participle of know v. + man n.¹, perhaps in allusion to 2 Corinthians 6:9.2 Corinthians 6:9 has, in the Vulgate, sicut qui ignoti, et cogniti , translating Greek ὡς ἀγνοούμενοι καὶ ἐπιγινωσκόμενοι , both ‘as unknown, and (yet) known (people)’, with reference to the believers being known and acknowledged by God. In the Wycliffite Bible, this is translated as thei that ben vnknowen, and knowun . This rendering underlies the following quot. from a sermon on 2 Corinthians 6:1–10:?a1425 in A. Hudson Eng. Wycliffite Serm. (1990) I. 548 And þus þei [sc. God's servants] schulden be as vnknowone and knowone men to God and seyntis, for þei schulle not accepte personys, but telle trewly Godus word, as þei were not knowone of men but as aungelis þat comon from heuene. Although knowone men occurs in this passage, it is unlikely to represent a lexicalized instance of the self-designation, since vnknowone and knowone men is not used to name a specific group of people. Alternatively, Pecock's explanation of the term (in quot. c1449) appears to suggest an origin in 1 Corinthians 14:38. The Vulgate version of that passage has Si quis autem ignorat, ignorabitur , which is translated in the Wycliffite Bible as if ony man vnknowith, he schal be vnknowen (compare quot. c1384 at unknown adj. 4; the underlying Greek verb form ἀγνοεῖται means ‘he will be ignored’). The context is as follows: St Paul warns the early Christian community at Corinth that if anyone among them claims to be a prophet or have spiritual gifts but does not realize that what Paul is saying is the command of the Lord, he will not be acknowledged. Arguments against an origin of the term in this passage are that it seems unlikely that a biblical passage containing only words formed with a negative prefix should have given rise to a positive self-designation, and that 1 Corinthians 14:38 does not occur in the Sarum Lectionary, on which the early Wycliffite sermons were based, and consequently the passage is neither expounded nor even quoted in these sermons. In either case, however, the self-designation apparently refers to the Lollards' image of themselves as true Christians.

Now historical.

A Lollard.Originally as a self-designation.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Anglicanism > Lollardy or Wyclifism > [noun] > person

Lollerc1386

Lollard1390

Wyclifan1402

known manc1449

Wycliffistc1449

hooded mana1464

Wycliffian1570

Wycliffite1580

loller1582

Lollardist1882

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 53 Thei bisien hem silf forto leerne and knowe the Bible,..thei ȝeuen a name propre to hem silf and clepen hem silf knowun men as thouȝ alle othere than hem ben vnknowun.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 945/2 After the great abiuration aforesayd, whiche was vnder William Smith, Byshop of Lyncolne, they were noted & termed among them selues by y^e name of Knownen men, or Iust fast men.

1701 W. Kennett Cowell's Interpreter (new ed.) sig. Bbb The Lollards or good Christians in England called Hereticks..went commonly under the name of Known-men, and Just Fast-men.

1865 G. Punchard Hist. Congregationalism (rev. ed.) I. xiv. 557 These humble, faithful believers..called each other—‘Known Men’—‘Just Fast Men’.

1908 J. Gairdner Lollardy & Reformation Eng. I. iii. 214 The ‘known men’ were children of salvation; all others were in danger of perishing.

1998 L. M. Higgs Godliness & Governance Tudor Colchester iv. 103 Calling themselves ‘known men’, Lollards followed Wycliffe in a desire for the Bible in English.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	known man
释义	known mann. Brit. /ˌnəʊn ˈman/, U.S. /ˈnoʊn ˈmæn/ Inflections: Plural known men. Forms: see known adj. and n. and man n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: English known , know v., man n.¹ Etymology: < known, past participle of know v. + man n.¹, perhaps in allusion to 2 Corinthians 6:9.2 Corinthians 6:9 has, in the Vulgate, sicut qui ignoti, et cogniti , translating Greek ὡς ἀγνοούμενοι καὶ ἐπιγινωσκόμενοι , both ‘as unknown, and (yet) known (people)’, with reference to the believers being known and acknowledged by God. In the Wycliffite Bible, this is translated as thei that ben vnknowen, and knowun . This rendering underlies the following quot. from a sermon on 2 Corinthians 6:1–10:?a1425 in A. Hudson Eng. Wycliffite Serm. (1990) I. 548 And þus þei [sc. God's servants] schulden be as vnknowone and knowone men to God and seyntis, for þei schulle not accepte personys, but telle trewly Godus word, as þei were not knowone of men but as aungelis þat comon from heuene. Although knowone men occurs in this passage, it is unlikely to represent a lexicalized instance of the self-designation, since vnknowone and knowone men is not used to name a specific group of people. Alternatively, Pecock's explanation of the term (in quot. c1449) appears to suggest an origin in 1 Corinthians 14:38. The Vulgate version of that passage has Si quis autem ignorat, ignorabitur , which is translated in the Wycliffite Bible as if ony man vnknowith, he schal be vnknowen (compare quot. c1384 at unknown adj. 4; the underlying Greek verb form ἀγνοεῖται means ‘he will be ignored’). The context is as follows: St Paul warns the early Christian community at Corinth that if anyone among them claims to be a prophet or have spiritual gifts but does not realize that what Paul is saying is the command of the Lord, he will not be acknowledged. Arguments against an origin of the term in this passage are that it seems unlikely that a biblical passage containing only words formed with a negative prefix should have given rise to a positive self-designation, and that 1 Corinthians 14:38 does not occur in the Sarum Lectionary, on which the early Wycliffite sermons were based, and consequently the passage is neither expounded nor even quoted in these sermons. In either case, however, the self-designation apparently refers to the Lollards' image of themselves as true Christians. Now historical. A Lollard.Originally as a self-designation. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Anglicanism > Lollardy or Wyclifism > [noun] > person Lollerc1386 Lollard1390 Wyclifan1402 known manc1449 Wycliffistc1449 hooded mana1464 Wycliffian1570 Wycliffite1580 loller1582 Lollardist1882 c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 53 Thei bisien hem silf forto leerne and knowe the Bible,..thei ȝeuen a name propre to hem silf and clepen hem silf knowun men as thouȝ alle othere than hem ben vnknowun. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 945/2 After the great abiuration aforesayd, whiche was vnder William Smith, Byshop of Lyncolne, they were noted & termed among them selues by y^e name of Knownen men, or Iust fast men. 1701 W. Kennett Cowell's Interpreter (new ed.) sig. Bbb The Lollards or good Christians in England called Hereticks..went commonly under the name of Known-men, and Just Fast-men. 1865 G. Punchard Hist. Congregationalism (rev. ed.) I. xiv. 557 These humble, faithful believers..called each other—‘Known Men’—‘Just Fast Men’. 1908 J. Gairdner Lollardy & Reformation Eng. I. iii. 214 The ‘known men’ were children of salvation; all others were in danger of perishing. 1998 L. M. Higgs Godliness & Governance Tudor Colchester iv. 103 Calling themselves ‘known men’, Lollards followed Wycliffe in a desire for the Bible in English. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1449
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