thyroidadj.n.
/ˈθʌɪərɔɪd/ A. adj. Having the form of a shield, shield-shaped: applied to various natural structures (and hence transferred to others connected with them).
1. Anatomy.
a. thyroid cartilage n. the largest of the cartilages of the larynx, consisting of two broad quadrilateral plates united in front at an angle, forming the projection in front of the throat known (in men) as ‘Adam's apple’; within the angle are attached the vocal cords.
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the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [noun] > of neck or throat
ringbonec1400
ring?a1425
lavell1530
epiglot1547
flap?1550
weezle1594
cricoid1615
epiglottis1615
over-tongue1615
ring-gristle1615
shield-gristle1615
throat stopper1661
guggle1680
throat flap1683
ring cartilage1690
fillet1693
thyroid cartilage1726
thyroid1840
arytenoid1849
shield-cartilage1881
triticeous cartilage or nodule1891
1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 281 Thyroides is the Cartilage, called Scutiformis, of the Larynx.]
1726–41 A. Monro Anat. (ed. 3) 163 Into this Concavity the Thyroid Cartilage is received.
1808 J. Barclay Muscular Motions 498 The larynx is partly composed of five cartilages, which are the cricoid, thyroid, the two arytænoid, and the epiglottis.
1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) Thyroid Cartilage, the largest of the cartilages of the larynx.
1854 J. S. Bushnan in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 121 The thyroid cartilage is wrapped round the essential parts of the larynx.
b. thyroid gland n. (also thyroid body) one of the so-called ‘ductless glands’, a very vascular body adjacent to the larynx and upper part of the trachea in vertebrates.
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the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > thyroid gland
thyroid gland1726
thyroid1849
1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 281 Thyroideæ Glandulæ are two, of a viscous..Substance,..situate about the lower seat of the Larynx.]
1726–41 A. Monro Anat. (ed. 3) 163 The lymphatic Vessel..is..sent from the thyroid Gland.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Thymus Mr. Cheselden observes, that where the Thymus in Men is very small, the Thyroid Glands encrease proportionably.
1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 240 Formless fibro-cartilages occur in some compound tumours of the thyroid body.
1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) v. 126 The thyroid gland..is that organ which when enlarged by disease gives rise to ‘Derbyshire neck’ or ‘goitre’.
1899 L. Hill Man. Human Physiol. xxvi. 301 If a cretin be fed on thyroid glands taken from sheep his condition is improved... It is clear then that the thyroid gland produces a material necessary for the growth of the body.
c. Applied to various structures connected with the thyroid cartilage or gland, as the thyroid arteries, thyroid nerves, thyroid veins, etc. thyroid axis, a branch of the subclavian artery, distributed to the thyroid gland and adjacent parts. (See also Compounds 1.)
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the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [adjective] > of mouth or throat
cricoid1657
cricoidal1698
arytenoid1728
cricothyroid1740
cricoarytenoid1754
thyroidal1827
thyroid1828
epiglottidean1840
thyro-epiglottic1844
thyro-arytenoid1855
thyroidean1860
thyropharyngean1860
arytenoidal1872
thyropalatine1872
epiglottic1887
thyrolingual1896
thyro-epiglottidean1901
post-cricoid1907
the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > thyroid gland
thyroidal1827
thyroid1828
thyroidean1860
thyrogenic1887
thyrogenous1909
the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > artery > [noun] > specific artery
arterial vein?c1425
adorthy1525
subethal1525
temporal?1541
veiny artery1543
share artery1545
aorta1594
cephalic artery1599
subclavia1615
venous artery1650
subclavicular1656
pulmonary1707
cœliac artery or axis1713
renal1721
radial1723
carotid1741
ranine1753
femoral1754
hypogastric1774
iliac1782
pudical1803
articular1808
pudic1824
anonyma1832
internal mammary1835–6
iliac artery1840
transverse artery1842
innominate artery1866
innominate1879
thyroid axis1881
hyoid1883
medicerebral1889
coronary1893
1828 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. 741 Right Inferior Thyroid Vein [Fr. veine thyroïdienne inférieure droite]..similar to the left, with which it constitutes the thyroid venous plexus.
1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (1842) 271 The Superior Thyroid Artery curves downwards to the thyroid gland to which it is distributed.
1876 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) I. iii. 103 Thyroid cysts may be tapped like the cervical over and over again.
1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 209 The second branch given off from the subclavian..is the thyroid axis.
d. thyroid foramen, thyroid membrane: names for the obturator foramen and membrane of the hip-bone (see obturator n. 1), from their shield-like shape.
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the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bony support for limbs > pelvis > [noun] > hip bone > innominate bone > obturator foramen
stopper1683
obturator foramen1824
thyroid foramen1890
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II T[hyroid] foramen, obturator foramen.
2. Zoology. Applied to a shield-shaped colour-marking, or transferred to a bird having such a marking, as the thyroid woodpecker, Sphyropicus thyroideus.
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1891 in Cent. Dict.
3. Botany. ‘Shield-like, peltiform’.
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the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > [adjective] > buckler- or shied-shaped
peltated1753
peltate1760
scutate1836
thyroid1900
1900 in B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms 270/2.
B. n.
1. Short for thyroid cartilage n. at sense A. 1a.
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the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [noun] > of neck or throat
ringbonec1400
ring?a1425
lavell1530
epiglot1547
flap?1550
weezle1594
cricoid1615
epiglottis1615
over-tongue1615
ring-gristle1615
shield-gristle1615
throat stopper1661
guggle1680
throat flap1683
ring cartilage1690
fillet1693
thyroid cartilage1726
thyroid1840
arytenoid1849
shield-cartilage1881
triticeous cartilage or nodule1891
1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (1842) 492 The Thyroid is the largest cartilage of the larynx.
1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 210 Extending beyond and sustaining the thyroid and other parts of the larynx.
1868 R. Owen On Anat. Vertebr. III. xxxiii. 603 Castration arrests that prominent growth of the thyroid, &c., which accompanies the elongation of the cords.
2. Short for thyroid gland n. at sense A. 1b; also for thyroid extract or product (see Compounds 1).
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the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > thyroid gland
thyroid gland1726
thyroid1849
1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. ii. 1102/2 The normal weight of the thyroid is about one ounce.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 469 The sheep's thyroid is relatively rich in thyro-iodine.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 476 In cases of..myxœdema the results of treatment by thyroid justify a strong expectation of cure.
1897 Trans. Amer. Pediatric Soc. 9 65 In cretinism we are certain that the prolonged use of thyroids is followed by distinct changes in the blood.
Compounds
C1. attributive.
Π
1895 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Dec. 1/3 The use of thyroid extract as a remedy for certain diseases..is looked upon as one of the most brilliant of recent medical discoveries.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 68 Thyroid treatment of cases of tetany.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 673 The horny growth fell off, while the patient was under thyroid feeding.
C2.
thyroid-stimulating adj. = thyrotropic adj. at thyro- comb. form 2.
Π
1941 Trans. Amer. Assoc. Study Goiter 159 Attempts have been made to demonstrate the thyroid stimulating hormone in the urine of patients with thyroid disease.
1974 D. Webster & M. Webster Compar. Vertebr. Morphol. xiii. 307 The thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH, is produced by basophilic cells [within the pituitary].
Derivatives
thyˈroidal adj. (also thyˈroideal) pertaining to the thyroid cartilage or gland.
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the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [adjective] > of mouth or throat
cricoid1657
cricoidal1698
arytenoid1728
cricothyroid1740
cricoarytenoid1754
thyroidal1827
thyroid1828
epiglottidean1840
thyro-epiglottic1844
thyro-arytenoid1855
thyroidean1860
thyropharyngean1860
arytenoidal1872
thyropalatine1872
epiglottic1887
thyrolingual1896
thyro-epiglottidean1901
post-cricoid1907
the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > thyroid gland
thyroidal1827
thyroid1828
thyroidean1860
thyrogenic1887
thyrogenous1909
1827 J. Abernethy Surg. Wks. II. 127 The superior thyroideal, lingual, and facial branches of the external carotid.
1854 C. H. Jones & E. H. Sieveking Man. Pathol. Anat. (1874) 122 Ligature of the thyroideal arteries has caused considerable diminution of a goitrous tumour.
1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Thyroideus,..thyroidal: thyroidean.
1872 J. S. Cohen Dis. Throat 51 The anterior portions of the vocal cords attached to the thyroidal junction.
thyˈroidean adj. = thyroidal adj.
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the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [adjective] > of mouth or throat
cricoid1657
cricoidal1698
arytenoid1728
cricothyroid1740
cricoarytenoid1754
thyroidal1827
thyroid1828
epiglottidean1840
thyro-epiglottic1844
thyro-arytenoid1855
thyroidean1860
thyropharyngean1860
arytenoidal1872
thyropalatine1872
epiglottic1887
thyrolingual1896
thyro-epiglottidean1901
post-cricoid1907
the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > thyroid gland
thyroidal1827
thyroid1828
thyroidean1860
thyrogenic1887
thyrogenous1909
1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Thyroideus,..thyroidal: thyroidean.
thyroiˈdectomize v. (transitive) to subject to thyroidectomy.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > perform operation on specific part or condition [verb (transitive)] > operations on glands of throat or neck
thymectomize1909
parathyroidectomize1922
thyroidectomize1932
thyroparathyroidectomize1956
1932 J. S. Huxley Probl. Relative Growth vi. iv. 183 Groups of these [albino rats] were thyroidectomized.
1974 Nature 5 Apr. 525/1 All rats were ovariectomised and thyroidectomised on day 1 of the experiment.
thyroiˈdectomized adj. deprived of the thyroid.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [adjective] > operations on glands of throat or neck
thyroidectomized1899
parathyroidectomized1903
thymoprivous1911
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 57 The administration of thyroid in some form to thyroidectomised animals or man.
1946 Nature 19 Oct. 557/2 Another series of experiments was carried out with thyroidectomized mice.
thyroiˈdectomy n. [Greek ἐκτομή a cutting out] excision of the thyroid gland.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on glands of the throat or mouth
adenotomy1777
tonsillotomy1876
thyrotomy1880
thyroidectomy1889
thyroidotomy1890
parotidectomy1893
adenoidectomy1899
parathyroidectomy1899
tonsillectomy1899
thymectomy1905
thyrochondrotomy1911
adenotonsillectomy1916
thyroparathyroidectomy1920
T. & A.1942
1889 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. VIII. 545/2 Until the middle of the eighteenth century no true thyroidectomy..had been performed.
1891 Lancet 18 Apr. 907/1 M. Reverdin..has performed thyroidectomy in this disease in fourteen cases.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 314 Thyroid grafts prolong life after complete thyroidectomy.
thyˈroidic adj. and n. (designating) a person with a disordered thyroid gland.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > other thyroid gland disorders > person
thyroidic1922
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [adjective] > goitre > other thyroid gland disorders > person
thyroidic1922
1922 G. B. Shaw in S. Webb & B. Webb English Local Govt. VI. p. lxiii By all means let the endocrinists go on dividing abnormal people, in prison and out, into hyper and sub pituitaries and thyroidics and adrenals.
1965 M. Bradbury Stepping Westward i. 31 This was James Walker, a stout, slightly thyroidic, very shambling person.
thyˈroidin n. trade-name of a whitish powdered extract of the thyroid gland of the sheep, used as an alterative and an anti-fat.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > medicines used to affect nutrition > [noun] > biological
thyroidin1896
1896 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 5 Sept. 215 Thyreoidin, the active principle of thyroid.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 315 A non-proteid substance containing a considerable percentage of iodine—the so-called thyroidin.
ˈthyroidism n. a morbid state consequent on administration of thyroid extract; thyroid poisoning.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > [noun] > by other agents
arsenicism1842
marsh-poisoning1842
strychnism1857
chloralism1879
vanillism1884
chloralization1885
thyroidism1897
mycetismus1900
mycetism1926
fluorosis1927
mycotoxicosis1948
neurotoxicity1949
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 78 In most of them the symptoms of thyroidism were produced.
thyroiˈditis n. inflammation of the thyroid gland.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > other thyroid gland disorders
myxoedema1878
thyroiditis1889
Riedel1912
struma lymphomatosa1931
1889 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. VII. 96/1 Inflammation of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis..) is most commonly..the..result of remedial measures employed in the treatment of goitre.
thyroidiˈzation n. treatment with a preparation of the thyroid (Dorland).
ˈthyroidless adj. having no thyroid gland.
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the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > thyroid gland > having no
thyroidless1908
1908 H. Mackenzie in Allbutt & Rolleston Syst. Med. (ed. 2) IV. i. 382 An antithyroid serum, prepared by Merck from the blood of thyroidless sheep, has also been employed.
1946 Nature 26 Oct. 590/1 During the third month, mortality was as high as 75 per cent in thyroidless animals, 60 per cent in the controls, and only 15 per cent of the hyperthyroid animals.
thyroiˈdotomy n. [Greek τομή cutting] incision of the thyroid gland.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on glands of the throat or mouth
adenotomy1777
tonsillotomy1876
thyrotomy1880
thyroidectomy1889
thyroidotomy1890
parotidectomy1893
adenoidectomy1899
parathyroidectomy1899
tonsillectomy1899
thymectomy1905
thyrochondrotomy1911
adenotonsillectomy1916
thyroparathyroidectomy1920
T. & A.1942
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II Thyroidotomy.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.n.1726