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单词 ache
释义

achen.1

Brit. /eɪk/, U.S. /eɪk/
Forms: Old English æce, Old English–early Middle English ecce (in compounds, rare), Old English–early Middle English ece, early Middle English eca (rare), early Middle English eche, Middle English eache, Middle English hacche, Middle English hache, Middle English–1700s ake, Middle English–1800s ach, Middle English– ache, 1500s atche, 1500s ayke, 1800s– aake (Irish English (Wexford)); English regional 1800s– aache (Lincolnshire), 1800s– aitch (north-west midlands); Scottish pre-1700 acke, pre-1700 aik, pre-1700 aike, pre-1700 atch, pre-1700 ȝaik, pre-1700 1700s–1800s ach, 1700s– ache.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ache v.
Etymology: < ache v.In Old English ece , the c was palatalized and assibilated (resulting in the affricate /tʃ/), while in the underlying verb acan it remained as /k/; compare the similar pairings of bake v. and batch n.1, speak v. and speech n.1, etc. From the late Middle English period onwards, forms of the type ake , ayke come to be found even outside the northern varieties in which Old English c was not palatalized; this probably resulted from association with the pronunciation of the verb. On the other hand, the 16th-cent. form atche still unambiguously reflects internal /tʃ/, as does the following pun on the letter name H :1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. iv. 51 Beat. I am exceeding ill, hey ho. Mar. For a hauke, a horse, or a husband? Beat. For the letter that begins them al, H. Most of the 16th- and 17th-cent. orthoepists suggest that this was still the prevailing pronunciation, normally contrasted with /k/ in the verb. The earliest of the orthoepists to give verb and noun as homophones is P. Levens (1570), who lists both with /tʃ/, while J. Poole (a1657) and R. Brown (1700) list both with /k/; all three writers are from northern England. (See E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §376.) Johnson has two separate headwords, ache for the noun and ake for the verb, but his comment at the verb entry (see note at ache v.) seems to imply homophony. In the early 19th cent. the actor John Kemble was mocked for pronouncing the plural aches in Shakespeare's The Tempest as though it were written aitches (see Oxf. Dict. National Biogr. at Kemble, John Philip); in the following parody the same pronunciation is transferred to the verb:1809 Monthly Mirror Sept. 179 ‘Be silent, King John's head aitches;’..‘No Kembles!’ The affricate survives in the regional form aitch.
A pain, esp. a continuous or prolonged dull pain, in contrast to one which is sudden or sharp. Also: the state or condition of being in pain.Used of both physical pain and mental distress. Frequently with prefixed noun denoting the location of pain (as bellyache, headache, stomach ache): for such compounds see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [noun]
sorec825
acheeOE
wrakeOE
trayOE
woe?a1200
pinec1200
sorrowc1225
teenc1225
grievousness1303
dolec1320
balea1325
painc1330
warkingc1340
dolour?c1370
sufferance1422
offencea1425
angerc1440
sufferingc1450
penalty?1462
penality1496
grief1509
stress1533
sufferance1597
somatalgia1607
suffering1609
tort1632
miserya1825
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [noun] > ache
warkc900
acheeOE
warkingc1340
achiness1869
achage1875
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) v. iii. 394 Hwæðre eall ðæt sar & se ece ge of minum earme,..ge of eallum minum lichoman eall onwæg alæded wæs.
OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) iii. 42 Wiþ muðes ece & wið tungan & wið þrotan genim fifleafan wyrtwalan.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 165 (MED) Eche and smertinge..and oðre wowe muchel.
c1300 St. Michael (Laud) l. 385 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 310 Huy farez ase doth þe man þat in ane hache of þe feueres is.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 826 (MED) So harde hacches of loue here hert hadde þirled.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. ix. 35 Jhesus compaside aboute alle citees..helynge al languyshynge, or ache, and al siknesse [a1425 L.V. langour and euery sijknesse].
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 8 (MED) Ake or ache or akynge: Dolor.
a1500 in J. Evans & M. S. Serjeantson Eng. Mediaeval Lapidaries (1933) 43 (MED) Ye saphir..sal do away ache fro a mans teth.
1568 W. Turner Herbal (rev. ed.) i. 20 Catarres, runninges of the eyes and other aykes.
?1593 H. Chettle Kind-harts Dreame sig. D1 These trauelers that by incision are able to ease all atches.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 372 Ile racke thee with old Crampes, Fill all thy bones with Aches, make thee rore. View more context for this quotation
1674 J. Bryan Harvest-home §4. 23 Free from attaches Of sickness weakness, in no part feel aches.
1710 J. Swift in J. Swift & R. Steele Tatler No. 238 A coming Shower your shooting Corns presage, Old Aches throb, your hollow Tooth will rage.
1783 G. Crabbe Village i. 11 And hoard up aches and anguish for their age.
1846 N. P. Willis Pencillings by Way (new ed.) xxvii. 427 I dawdled along the five miles upon my donkey, with something of an ache in my back.
1862 B. Taylor Poet's Jrnl. (1866) 21 The steady ache of strong desires restrained.
1905 G. H. Lorimer Old Gorgon Graham 200 They've an ache or a pain in every blamed joint.
1950 S. Plath Jrnls. (2000) 16 I sit here lumpishly, an ache at the back of my neck.
1998 K. Desai Hullabaloo in Guava Orchard (1999) xxiv. 196 A voice that sang of death and lost love,..and the ache, the dreadful ache, of memory.
2004 J. Denby Billie Morgan xiii. 96 I thought maybe my period was due or something, I did feel a low, dragging ache in the pit of my belly.

Phrases

aches and pains: sensations of mild, often chronic, pain or general physical discomfort. Also figurative.
ΚΠ
1579 T. Lupton Thousand Notable Things ix. 239 A Notable secrete for all incurable aches & paynes in the ioyntes where euer they be.
1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) i. lxxxiv. 132 The aches and pains of the ioynts.
1796 W. Buchan Observ. Prevention & Cure Venereal Dis. ix. 216 People who have had occasion to take mercury, are apt to impute all the aches and pains they feel afterwards, to this medicine lying in the body.
1846 Times 17 Feb. 6/4 The landed interest, like a creaking gate or a valetudinarian gentleman,..recounting its manifold aches and pains..and..obtaining a lion's share of the public attention and sympathies.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. v. [Lotus Eaters] 81 Lots of time taken up telling your aches and pains.
1985 W. Sheed Frank & Maisie xi. 253 The fact that many Catholics read the council to mean ‘anything goes’ would soon bring on additional aches and pains.
2005 Femina (S. Afr.) Feb. 26/1 Perfumed salt crystals that transform your bath into a spa to soothe away aches and pains.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

achen.2

Brit. /eɪtʃ/, U.S. /eɪtʃ/
Forms: Middle English 1600s ach, Middle English–1600s 1800s– ache.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French ache.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French ache (12th cent.; Middle French, French ache ; 11th cent. in Rashi as apie ) < classical Latin apium celery, parsley, or some other plant < apis bee (see apiary n.). Compare Old Occitan api , Catalan api (c1400), Spanish apio (1250), Portuguese aipo (15th cent.), Italian appio (c1282). Compare smallage n.With the (regular) phonological development of the Latin word in French compare e.g. approcher approach v.
Now historical.
Any of several plants of the family Apiaceae ( Umbelliferae); esp. celery, Apium graveolens and any of various kinds of parsley (genus Petroselinum). Cf. smallage n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > stalk vegetables > [noun] > celery > wild celery
achea1300
smallagea1300
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > stalk vegetables > celery > wild celery
achea1300
smallagea1300
marcha1398
marsh parsley1582
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > herb > [noun] > parsley
parsleyeOE
smallagea1300
petroseline?a1425
ache1578
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > culinary herbs > parsley
parsleyeOE
petroselinumOE
stonesucka1300
petroseline?a1425
ache1578
parsley1731
parsley1842
a1300 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 554 (MED) Apium, ache.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 31 (MED) Wiþ alisaundre..ache ant anys.
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 214 (MED) A mundificatif of iuys of ache.
?c1450 in G. Müller Aus Mittelengl. Medizintexten (1929) 99 For þe ewyll of þe stomak. Take ache~seed, lynseed.
c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxvv/2 Also ete fenel sede comy and ache.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 609 The wilde Ache or Parseley hath large leaves, al jagged, cut, and vittered, much like the leaves of the wilde Carrot.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xix. viii. 24 As for the garden Ach, commonly called Persely, there be many kinds thereof.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xx. xii. 54 There is another kind of Ach or Persely growing upon rockes, which some cal Petroselinum.
1822 H. Phillips Hist. Cultivated Veg. (ed. 2) II. 38 Celeri is the Italian name for a species of smallage, or tall strong-scented parsley... Ache is the true English name of this vegetable.
1955 G. Grigson Englishman's Flora 209 Sheep's parsley, Kent, Norf; sweet ash (i.e. ache, parsley), Glos.
1987 Garden Hist. 15 85 ‘Ache’ (primarily Apium) comprehended species from Ranunculus, belonging to another family.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

achev.

Brit. /eɪk/, U.S. /eɪk/
Forms: 1. Present stem. a. Infinitive Old English acan, early Middle English ace, Middle English aake, Middle English eke, Middle English 1600s– ache, Middle English–1800s ake, 1800s– aitch (Cheshire); Scottish pre-1700 aik, pre-1700 ȝaik, pre-1700 ȝak, pre-1700 yaick, pre-1700 1800s– yak, 1700s– ache, 1800s yack, 1800s yauk, 1800s– yawk. b. 3rd singular indicative Old English æceð, early Middle English æcþ, Middle English acþh, Middle English akeþ, Middle English akeð, Middle English akþ, Middle English–1500s aketh, 1600s akes, 1700s– aches. 2. Past tense. a. Strong early Middle English eoc, Middle English hock, Middle English oc, Middle English ok, Middle English oke, Middle English ook, Middle English woke. b. Weak late Middle English akide, late Middle English–1700s aked, 1600s akt, 1700s–1800s ached; Scottish 1800s yaukit, 1800s– ached; N.E.D. (1884) also records forms Middle English akede. 3. Past participle. 1700s– ached; Scottish pre-1700 akit, 1700s– ached; N.E.D. (1884) also records forms Middle English aked, Middle English aken.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Middle Low German ēken to discharge pus, and with the base of Middle Dutch akel injury, harm, of uncertain origin; perhaps < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek ἄγειν to drive (see agon n.; in this case probably originally denoting a ‘dragging’ pain). Compare ache n.1A derivation from an Indo-European base also underlying ancient Greek ἀγος guilt, expiation and (with different ablaut grade) Sanskrit āgas sin, has also been suggested, but it is uncertain whether these are even related to each other. An alternative derivation < a possible Germanic base of ach int. poses formal problems. In Old English a strong verb of Class VI (compare take v., shake v.), as may be inferred from the Middle English evidence (no past tense forms are attested in Old English); weak inflections are found from the early 15th cent., and by early modern English the verb is apparently only conjugated weak. On the historical distinction in pronunciation and spelling between the verb (with /k/, and spelt ake , etc.) and the noun (with /tʃ/, and spelt ache , etc.) see discussion at ache n.1 Spellings of the type ache for the verb result from association with the noun, at least in the written form. This may have been reinforced by Johnson's erroneous derivation of the words < ancient Greek ἄχος pain, distress, which led him to comment at the verb entry (with headword form ake ) that it should be ‘more grammatically written ache.’ Conversely, the general pattern was that the pronunciation of the verb came to be adopted for the noun as well (see discussion at ache n.1), although both came to be spelt ache . There is some limited evidence showing instead influence of the pronunciation of the noun on the verb; compare the regional (Cheshire) form aitch for both the noun and the verb, and see also the note at ache n.1 In quots. a1382 and a1425 at sense 2a apparently so used to reflect the syntax of the underlying Latin text.
1.
a. intransitive. Of a part of the body, a wound, etc.: to be painful or sore. More generally: to be the source or seat of continuous or prolonged dull physical pain or mental distress. In later use frequently in figurative contexts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > suffer or cause type of pain [verb (intransitive)] > ache
acheeOE
warka1000
worka1425
pang1729
nag1836
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. 174 (table of contents) Læcedom..wiþ blodryne, & gif lim færinga ace.
OE Ælfric Gram. (Harl. 107) 216 Caligo, acaþ [OE St. John's Oxf. me mistiað] mine eagan.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 149 Þenne wule his heorte ake, alse his fet and his honde.
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 184 Betere is finker offe, þen he ake [Nero eke] eauer.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. vi. l. 258 So owre wombe aketh.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 6907 For sadde burdons that men taken Make folkes shuldris aken.
a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 3731 (MED) Bot his hedde woke so sore y-wys.
?a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 26 Ȝif a wounde akyþ. Take nepte..and hit schal do away þe ache.
c1522 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 99/1 And than the head aketh, & the stomake knaweth, and the next meale is eaten wt out appetite.
1572 Lament Lady Scot. in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 243 My heid dois wark and ȝaik.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. i. 41 When your head did but ake, I knit my [h]and-kercher about your browes.
1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 124 Cram'd 'em till their Guts did ake With Cawdle, Custard, and Plum-cake.
1715 B. Griffin Love in Sack ii. ii. 49 Odd, my heart ached consumedly, I am glad they are gone.
1729 R. Savage Wanderer i. 176 Now veers the wind full east; and keen, and sore, Its cutting influence aches in every pore!
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xxx. 216 Does not your heart ake for your Harriet?
1820 W. Combe Second Tour Dr. Syntax xxix. 138 Her death made many a bosom ake Upon the banks of Keswick Lake.
1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 153 Thy sorrow aches in me.
1877 H. James American xxvi. 465 His wound began to ache with its first fierceness.
1913 W. Cather O Pioneers! iii. i. 202 It seemed..to fill an emptiness that ached in her heart.
1967 M. Frayn Towards End of Morning viii. 151 He seemed unaware of the noise Damian was making. Bob's head ached..at the effort of filtering the adult conversation out from it.
1990 S. King Stand (new ed.) i. iii. 21 His heart ached to see them wearing hand-me-downs and Salvation Army giveouts.
2004 J. Denby Billie Morgan xvii. 135 Every bone, every muscle, every sinew ached like fire.
†b. transitive. To be painful to (a person). Also occasionally impersonal. Obsolete.In Old English with dative.
ΚΠ
OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) iii. 42 Gif men his leoðu acen [?a1200 Harl. 6258B man his liðu acen] oððe ongeflogen sy.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 21 Ðe time cam swo þat hire ne oc ne ne smeart.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Royal) l. 349 (MED) Him eoc [c1225 Bodl. wrong] euch neil.
c1300 St. Andrew (Harl.) l. 66 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S.-Eng. Legendary (1956) 545 Him oke ech bon.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 51 (MED) Þet heaued me akþ.
c1425 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Harl.:Wright) l. 4920 + 36 Hech lyme hym oke.
2.
a. intransitive. Of a person: to suffer from continuous or prolonged dull pains; to be in pain or physical discomfort; also figurative: to suffer mental distress. In early use transitive: to suffer pain in (a part of the body). Frequently with adverbial phrase specifying degree, cause, etc.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 370) (1850) 4 Kings iv. 19 Myn heued I aake [L. caput meum doleo].
a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) 3 Kings xv. 23 In the tyme of his eelde he akide the feet [a1425 L.V. hadde ache in feet; L. doluit pedes].
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. ii. 69 O thou blacke weede, why art so louely faire? Thou smell'st so sweete, that the sence akes at thee, Would thou hadst ne're bin borne.
a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Captaine v. i, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) 68 I ake all over, That I am sure of.
1789 T. Holcroft tr. Frederick of Prussia Posthumous Wks. I. iii. 138 They ached with anger at the very name of Prussia: they caballed in secret.
1811 W. Dimond Gustavus Vasa iii. v. 71 My limbs are weary, and I ache with cold.
1847 E. Brontë Wuthering Heights II. iii. 35 I couldn't count the number of falls I've had. Oh, I'm aching all over!
1871 W. B. Rands Lilliput Lect. vii. 95 When I ache, or when I weep, Then I know that love is deep.
1918 W. Cather My Ántonia i. i. 7 The jolting made me bite my tongue, and I soon began to ache all over.
1987 S. Zulauf Succasunna New Jersey 51 I have ached in the loveless world With madness and a race of madmen.
2007 Gloucestershire Echo (Nexis) 8 Dec. 38 Bunting, who achieved his Sandan third dan black belt, said: ‘The day after I ached so much I felt like I'd been run over by a truck.’
b. intransitive. With for or infinitive. To feel an intense desire for or longing to do something; to be impatient or anxious in anticipation of something.In the 19th cent. chiefly U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn for [verb (transitive)]
yearneOE
yearnOE
copena1225
longc1225
to yawn after or fora1250
yerec1275
to stand to ——a1400
hungerc1450
ache1622
desiderate1646
sigh1650
tire1801
lonesome for1905
1622 C. Fitzgeffry Elisha 24 Doe they ake to bee..stripped [printed shipped] of their Iewels as the Israelites were?
1794 J. P. Kemble Lodoiska iii. 45 Gentlemen, you have bound me for ever by letting me loose, and my legs ache to prove their sense of your kindness by scraping their leave.
a1821 J. Keats Ode on Indolence in Life, Lett. & Literary Remains (1848) II. 277 To follow them I burn'd And ached for wings.
1835 Southern Literary Messenger Jan. 215/2 His mind is a mere void, aching to be filled.
1860 R. W. Emerson Considerations in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 235 The youth aches for solitude.
1904 J. London Sea-wolf xxxvi. 336 I am aching for a chance to kill you.
1937 ‘J. Bell’ Murder in Hosp. xi. 218 Rachel is simply aching to get back.
1967 J. Bowen After Rain (1972) ii. 52 But, love, I want to. We both want to. I ache for it.
1985 D. Lessing Good Terrorist 44 Now she ached for tea, something to eat.
2001 J. Hamilton-Paterson Loving Monsters (2002) iii. 27 We need our continuities, we ached for places.
3. transitive. To cause to suffer pain. Now chiefly figurative and poetic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > affect with type of pain [verb (transitive)] > cause to ache
achec1550
c1550 Clariodus (1830) ii. 59 Baith akit was thair armis and thair handis.
a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iv. vi. sig. G.ijv Ill ake your heades bothe, I was neuer werier, Nor neuer more vexte [printed verte] since the first day I was borne.
1843 tr. Voice of Tara in Nation (Dublin) 713/2 Ye ache my sight, ye visions bright of all our glory won.
1854 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 24 50 The ingenuity of the governor of Aïdos—persuaded, as he said, that his head would ache him (bashimiz agrareshak) if anything unpleasant should happen to his distinguished guest.
a1904 T. Stickney Poems (1905) 33 The memory aches me that it is so dead.
1982 L. Durrell Constance 132 He could not resist the urge to do so, for she still ached him and dominated his restless imagination.
1994 Analog Sci. Fiction & Fact Jan. 42/1 And, dear Lord, how that ached me.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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