activatedadj.

Brit.

/ˈaktᵻveɪtᵻd/, U.S.

/ˈæktəˌveɪdᵻd/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: activate v., -ed suffix¹.

Etymology: < activate v. + -ed suffix¹.

a. Made active; brought into action.

ΚΠ

1899 Times 7 Apr. 2/6 Under an activated sense of liability the employers seem to be perpetually thinking of new methods of prevention.

1926 J. A. Thomson Man in Light of Evol. 10 The rarely activated muscles of our ear-trumpet.

1963 A. Baraka Blues People v. 55 The newly activated Jim Crow laws..and other social repressions served to separate the Negro more effectively from his former masters than ever before.

2001 A. Solomon Noonday Demon (2002) iii. 213 A modified form of it exists to this day as what we might call activated depression or a mixed state; it is closely related to the Malaysian idea of ‘running amok’.

b. As the second element in compounds: made active or brought into action by the thing specified.voice-activated: see the first element.

ΚΠ

1924 Jrnl. Inst. Brewing 30 946 The other arms [of the device] each contain a spring-activated ball valve.

1969 M. R. Sharpe Living in Space vii. 165 The surgeon of the future might be able to operate by remotely controlled, servo-activated arms.

1976 B. Bova Multiple Man (1977) i. 11 The President..was protected by an invisible laser-activated shield.

1986 Computerworld (Nexis) 4 Nov. 106 A key-activated system controls computer access.

2008 New Scientist 29 Mar. 26/3 The joypad consists of two groups of thumb-activated buttons, one for steering and the other for speed control.

a. Chemistry. Made reactive; treated so as to increase reactive, adsorptive, catalytic, etc., power.

ΚΠ

1908 W. T. Hall & G. Defren tr. E. Abderhalden Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. iv. 312 The assumption that the oxygen is ‘activated’ in some manner in the organism, and that this activated oxygen effects the combustion.

1933 Trans. Faraday Soc. 29 230 Regenerated celluloses are more highly activated than cotton which has merely been swollen.

1936 S. Glasstone Recent Adv. Gen. Chem. iv. 167 The reactants must combine to form an intermediate activated complex.

1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price Higher School Certificate Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) xl. 369 In one small process, making about 10 tons of ammonia a day, the catalyst is ‘activated sodamide’.

2005 C. Mendelson Laundry i. iv. 72 Activated oxygen bleaches are considerably more germicidal than nonactivated ones.

b. Physics. Made radioactive; = radioactivated adj.

ΚΠ

1913 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 38 444 The source consisted of a fine platinum wire..which had been exposed to a strong source of radium emanation so as to become activated with a deposit of about 20 millicuries radium C.

1931 Sci. News Let. 4 Apr. 212/2 Radium-activated ergosterol is not yet commercially available.

1956 A. H. Compton Atomic Quest 71 Pulling the last activated slugs from the Hanford piles.

2004 H. Agnew in J. W. Cronin Fermi Remembered vii. 183 Fermi..took on a shift the same as the rest of us, inserting the foils, running to the counting-room with the activated foils, and then taking the data.

Compounds

activated carbon n. a form of carbon, esp. charcoal, which has been heated or otherwise treated to increase its porosity and hence adsorptive power, used in various purification processes.Cf. slightly earlier active carbon n. at active adj. and n. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1919 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. 11 983/1 The war has brought into existence..a new product known as ‘activated carbon’.

1949 Our Industry (Anglo-Iranian Oil Co.) (ed. 2) 323 (Gloss.) The removal of very light liquid petroleum from natural gas by passage over activated carbon whereby the liquid is separated on to the surface of the carbon.

2005 Wine Spirits Q. Holiday 57/2 (advt.) The vodka is cleansed of phenols, esters, congeners and organic acids by filtering it through the finest activated carbon available.

activated charcoal n. = activated carbon n.

ΚΠ

1919 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. 11 281/2 Cleveland was the center for the development of activated charcoal, material which helped to make the American gas mask the best mask found on any foreign battlefield.

1969 M. R. Sharpe Living in Space v. 113 The life-support system in the command module..has a metal canister with 4 lb. of lithium hydroxide, a layer of activated charcoal, and glass-cloth filters.

1998 Canal Boat & Inland Waterways June 61/2 The simplest purifying filters consist of activated charcoal or similar material.

activated sludge n. (in waste treatment) oxygenated sewage containing aerobic microorganisms and invertebrates which break down the organic constituents and precipitate the products; (also) the sludge so precipitated, some of which is recycled for the treatment of more waste.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > provision of sewers > sewage treatment > [noun] > aerated sewage

activated sludge1915

1915 Public Health 28 121/2 The members then visited the Wakefield Sewage Works where the experiments on the treatment of sewage with activated sludge were explained by the city surveyor.

1934 Jrnl. Inst. Sanit. Engin. Sept. 252 The sewage is settled, treated by the activated sludge process, by sand filters and by chlorination.

1998 Water & Waste Treatm. May 24/2 Activated sludge is a mixture of mobile, slime-forming and filamentous bacteria, protozoans, rotifers and higher invertebrates.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	activated
释义	activatedadj. Brit. /ˈaktᵻveɪtᵻd/, U.S. /ˈæktəˌveɪdᵻd/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: activate v., -ed suffix¹. Etymology: < activate v. + -ed suffix¹. 1. a. Made active; brought into action. ΚΠ 1899 Times 7 Apr. 2/6 Under an activated sense of liability the employers seem to be perpetually thinking of new methods of prevention. 1926 J. A. Thomson Man in Light of Evol. 10 The rarely activated muscles of our ear-trumpet. 1963 A. Baraka Blues People v. 55 The newly activated Jim Crow laws..and other social repressions served to separate the Negro more effectively from his former masters than ever before. 2001 A. Solomon Noonday Demon (2002) iii. 213 A modified form of it exists to this day as what we might call activated depression or a mixed state; it is closely related to the Malaysian idea of ‘running amok’. b. As the second element in compounds: made active or brought into action by the thing specified.voice-activated: see the first element. ΚΠ 1924 Jrnl. Inst. Brewing 30 946 The other arms [of the device] each contain a spring-activated ball valve. 1969 M. R. Sharpe Living in Space vii. 165 The surgeon of the future might be able to operate by remotely controlled, servo-activated arms. 1976 B. Bova Multiple Man (1977) i. 11 The President..was protected by an invisible laser-activated shield. 1986 Computerworld (Nexis) 4 Nov. 106 A key-activated system controls computer access. 2008 New Scientist 29 Mar. 26/3 The joypad consists of two groups of thumb-activated buttons, one for steering and the other for speed control. 2. a. Chemistry. Made reactive; treated so as to increase reactive, adsorptive, catalytic, etc., power. ΚΠ 1908 W. T. Hall & G. Defren tr. E. Abderhalden Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. iv. 312 The assumption that the oxygen is ‘activated’ in some manner in the organism, and that this activated oxygen effects the combustion. 1933 Trans. Faraday Soc. 29 230 Regenerated celluloses are more highly activated than cotton which has merely been swollen. 1936 S. Glasstone Recent Adv. Gen. Chem. iv. 167 The reactants must combine to form an intermediate activated complex. 1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price Higher School Certificate Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) xl. 369 In one small process, making about 10 tons of ammonia a day, the catalyst is ‘activated sodamide’. 2005 C. Mendelson Laundry i. iv. 72 Activated oxygen bleaches are considerably more germicidal than nonactivated ones. b. Physics. Made radioactive; = radioactivated adj. ΚΠ 1913 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 38 444 The source consisted of a fine platinum wire..which had been exposed to a strong source of radium emanation so as to become activated with a deposit of about 20 millicuries radium C. 1931 Sci. News Let. 4 Apr. 212/2 Radium-activated ergosterol is not yet commercially available. 1956 A. H. Compton Atomic Quest 71 Pulling the last activated slugs from the Hanford piles. 2004 H. Agnew in J. W. Cronin Fermi Remembered vii. 183 Fermi..took on a shift the same as the rest of us, inserting the foils, running to the counting-room with the activated foils, and then taking the data. Compounds activated carbon n. a form of carbon, esp. charcoal, which has been heated or otherwise treated to increase its porosity and hence adsorptive power, used in various purification processes.Cf. slightly earlier active carbon n. at active adj. and n. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1919 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. 11 983/1 The war has brought into existence..a new product known as ‘activated carbon’. 1949 Our Industry (Anglo-Iranian Oil Co.) (ed. 2) 323 (Gloss.) The removal of very light liquid petroleum from natural gas by passage over activated carbon whereby the liquid is separated on to the surface of the carbon. 2005 Wine Spirits Q. Holiday 57/2 (advt.) The vodka is cleansed of phenols, esters, congeners and organic acids by filtering it through the finest activated carbon available. activated charcoal n. = activated carbon n. ΚΠ 1919 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. 11 281/2 Cleveland was the center for the development of activated charcoal, material which helped to make the American gas mask the best mask found on any foreign battlefield. 1969 M. R. Sharpe Living in Space v. 113 The life-support system in the command module..has a metal canister with 4 lb. of lithium hydroxide, a layer of activated charcoal, and glass-cloth filters. 1998 Canal Boat & Inland Waterways June 61/2 The simplest purifying filters consist of activated charcoal or similar material. activated sludge n. (in waste treatment) oxygenated sewage containing aerobic microorganisms and invertebrates which break down the organic constituents and precipitate the products; (also) the sludge so precipitated, some of which is recycled for the treatment of more waste. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > provision of sewers > sewage treatment > [noun] > aerated sewage activated sludge1915 1915 Public Health 28 121/2 The members then visited the Wakefield Sewage Works where the experiments on the treatment of sewage with activated sludge were explained by the city surveyor. 1934 Jrnl. Inst. Sanit. Engin. Sept. 252 The sewage is settled, treated by the activated sludge process, by sand filters and by chlorination. 1998 Water & Waste Treatm. May 24/2 Activated sludge is a mixture of mobile, slime-forming and filamentous bacteria, protozoans, rotifers and higher invertebrates. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1899
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