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单词 ointment
释义

ointmentn.

Brit. /ˈɔɪntm(ə)nt/, U.S. /ˈɔɪn(t)m(ə)nt/
Forms:

α. Middle English honement, Middle English ognement, Middle English oignement, Middle English oinement, Middle English oiniment, Middle English oinment, Middle English onement, Middle English onyement, Middle English onyment, Middle English oygemez (plural, transmission error), Middle English oygment (probably transmission error), Middle English oygnement, Middle English oyment (probably transmission error), Middle English oynament, Middle English oynemens (plural), Middle English oynement, Middle English oynemente, Middle English oynemet (probably transmission error), Middle English oynente (probably transmission error), Middle English oyngment, Middle English oyngnement, Middle English oyniment, Middle English oynnement, Middle English unement, Middle English vinemens (plural), Middle English vnement, Middle English vngnement, Middle English vnyment, Middle English–1600s oynment; Scottish pre-1700 onyement, pre-1700 oyment (probably transmission error), pre-1700 oynment, pre-1700 oynyement, pre-1700 unȝement, pre-1700 unyement, pre-1700 vneyment, pre-1700 vnȝeament, pre-1700 vnȝement, pre-1700 vnyment, pre-1700 wnȝement.

β. Middle English oyntemen (transmission error), Middle English oyntemenet (transmission error), Middle English oyntemente, Middle English vntement, Middle English vntment, Middle English vnttement, Middle English vyntment, Middle English (in a late copy) 1500s– ointment, Middle English–1500s oyntement, Middle English–1500s vngtment, Middle English–1600s oyntment, 1500s oynctment, 1800s aintment (U.S. regional), 1800s intment (U.S. regional), 1800s 'intment (U.S. regional); Scottish pre-1700 oyntment, pre-1700 unctment, pre-1700 untment, pre-1700 vntement, pre-1700 1700s– ointment.

γ. Middle English vnguement; Scottish pre-1700 ungement, pre-1700 vnguement, pre-1700 vngument, pre-1700 vnguyment, pre-1700 vngymente.

See also nointment n.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French oinement, oignement.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman oinement, oniement, uinement, ungiment, ungnement, uniment, unjment, Anglo-Norman and Old French uignement, ungement (12th–13th cent.), Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French oignement, oingnement unguent, anointing, probably < a stem variant of oindre oint v. (compare the Old French variant oignier with analogical levelling) + -ment -ment suffix. Compare anointment n.The β. forms (first in northern texts) show remodelling after oint v. The γ. forms show remodelling after classical Latin unguere, ungere (see unguent n.); compare Old French unguement unguent (c980).
1. A cosmetic or (now chiefly) medicinal preparation in the form of a soft, smooth paste, usually intended to be applied to the skin; an unguent. Also figurative. Formerly (also): †such a preparation used for sacramental or ceremonial anointing; holy oil (obsolete).a fly in the ointment: see fly n.1 1e.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > oiliness or greasiness > [noun] > an unguent
smerlesa1000
smerla1300
ointmentc1300
nointmenta1375
anointinga1382
anointmenta1382
ointurea1400
uncturec1400
straking1409
linimentc1420
nutritum?a1425
unguentc1440
inunctment1513
unction1580
inunction1601
chrism1850
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > ointments, etc. > [noun] > ointment
salvea700
balsamumc885
smerlesa1000
balmc1220
salvinga1300
ointmentc1300
unguenty1721
magma1749
rub1867
α.
c1300 St. Nicholas (Laud) 171 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 245 Nimeth here þis guode oygnement.
c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) 6105 (MED) An vnement purchast he Þat made his visage out of ble.
c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) cxxxii. 2 (MED) As onement [v.r. vnement; L. unguentum] in þe heued, þat falleþ into þe berde, þe berde of AAron.
c1387–95 G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. 631 Ne oynement that wolde clense and byte.
c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 135 (MED) Tak wiþ þe þre oynementis þat Seint Bernard spekeþ of..Þe firste is of contricioun, þe secunde of deuocioun, þe þridde of pite.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 1429 The oynement of holy sermonynge Hym loþ is vp-on hem for to despende.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 247 Vsynge of honementys aftyr the tyme and complexcione.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 249/1 Oynment, oignement, oyncture.
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. ii. xii. f. 17/2 The vnȝementis & drogareis yt our forbearis vsit.
1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 144 Many mixt a little burning water with hoot oynmentes, as Martiatum, Arragon, dialthæa.
β. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 14063 (MED) Sco hir vnttement me broght. R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 59 Þe vntementis precius.a1500 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Wellcome) f. 24v (MED) Fill it than with a mundyficatife afore said leyd vpon þe wounde..or with an oyntement regeneratyfe.1526 Bible (Tyndale) John xii. f. cxxxix All the housse smelled off the savre off the oyntment.1598 M. R. D. To Pastors in J. Melville Spirituall Propine sig. B And poesie, it is na paganisme, Bot sweit in Oyntment of the holy Sprit.1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall i. 12 To break the fasciations and bands of death, to get clear out of the Cere-cloth, and an hundred pounds of oyntment.1696 W. Whiston Disc. conc. Mosaick Hist. Creation 11 in New Theory of Earth Our Lord says of the Woman who poured the Oyntment on him.1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. i. 17 They..dawbed my Face and both my Hands with a sort of Ointment..which..removed all the smart of their Arrows.1750 tr. C. Leonardus Mirror of Stones 137 Physicians dissolve it in the juice of certain herbs, and make an ointment of it.1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. vii. 171 She had given him a pot of that precious ointment.1895 T. Hardy Jude i. iv. 28 Physician Vilbert's golden ointment, life-drops, and female pills.1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage lxxx. 417 It amused him to play with various drugs, concocting mixtures, rolling pills, and making ointments.1993 Up Here (Yellowknife, N.W. Territories) Feb. 53/1 Each sled carries more than 1,000 polar fleece booties and tubes of ointment to help protect the dogs' feet from damage.γ. c1480 (a1400) St. Matthias 254 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 229 Quhene Iudas saw..þe vngymente wes vastit swa, ‘fare bettir had bene,’ he sad..‘hafe sald yt.’c1480 (a1400) St. Mary Magdalen 111 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 259 A bouste of precius vngument apone his hed..owt scho ȝet.c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) xxvii. 101 Thou suld be annoyntit with vnguementis ryalis as balmes or otheris.1553 J. Knox Let. 23 June in Wks. (1854) III. 338 The searching of the Scriptures for Godis sueit promissis..wer unto me as the breaking and handilling with my awn handis of the maist sueit and delectabill ungementis.
2. The act or action of anointing. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > sacrament > (extreme) unction > [noun]
chrisma1300
enoiling1340
anelingc1350
anointing1357
unctiona1387
ointinga1398
nointinga1400
ointmenta1400
smerlinga1400
anointmentc1440
greasingc1440
oiling1440
enunction?1483
inunction1483
chrismation1537
chrismatory1570
chrisom1725
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 11232 (MED) Now of þe seuenþe sacrament: Þese clerkys kalle hyt oynament; On Englys hyt ys anelyng, whan man shal make hys endyng.
c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 9 (MED) Therfore neede thei haue at here eendinge of this oynement.
a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 1465 (MED) Whan that deth doth hem assaylle, They gretly nede thys oynement.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 John ii. 20 Ye have an oyntment of the holy gost.
c1528 Everyman (1961) 709 Receyue of hym..The holy sacrament and oyntement togyder.
1621 R. Brathwait Natures Embassie 83 But he expected ointment, and..there He stands.

Compounds

C1.
ointment box n.
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 195 Þe oynement boxe þat þe gospel speikiþ.
1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh iii. 132 The ointment-box broke on the Holy feet To let out the rich medicative nard.
1991 Lit. & Ling. Computing 6 3/1 The medieval patron saints of medicine and surgery, Cosmas and Damian, who hold up, respectively, an ointment box with spatula and a urine flask (for prognosis by uroscopy).
ointment maker n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > apothecary or pharmacist > [noun]
spicer1297
apothecary1366
ointment makera1382
pothecaryc1387
pigmentarya1398
pottingar1474
pottingary1487
pothecar?a1505
ypothecar1509
potycaryar1533
pharmacopole?1541
drugger1594
confectioner1606
druggist1608
drugster1611
pharmacopoeian1618
druggister1632
druggard1637
chemica1642
pharmacopolist1651
pharmacopolitan1657
pharmacian1658
spicerer1665
pot-carrier1683
pharmacist1721
knight of the pestle1723
materialist1728
chemist and druggist1748
potter-carrier1764
drug man1769
gallipot1785
drug manufacturer1790
pharmaceutist1795
drug dealer1800
chemist1802
pharmaceutical chemist1821
essence-peddler1838
pill roller1843
pill-peddler1855
squirt1859
pill pusher1879
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > one who applies preparations for the complexion > one who makes preparations
ointment makera1382
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. xxxviii. 7 Þe oynement makere [L. unguentarius] shal maken pymentis of swetenesse.
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. iii. sig. Liii The pulters, cokes, puddying makers, parfume or oyntement makers.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Oyntment maker, vnguentareus.
1899 Daily News 29 May 4/7 Coroner: What do you call yourself? Witness: Well, an ointment maker.
1996 Buffalo (N.Y.) News (Nexis) 8 Nov. 7 b The Japanese-owned lip balm and ointment maker announced Thursday that it agreed to acquire a manufacturing building.
ointment pot n.
ΚΠ
1609 B. Jonson Masque of Queens a. 4v All differently attir'd: some with Rats on their heads, some on their shoulders; others with ointment pots at their girdles.
1884 N.E.D. at Alabastrites The ancient or calcareous alabaster, of which ointment pots were made.
1897 Sears, Roebuck Catal. No. 104. 35/2 Ointment pots. Flint glass. Nickle screw cap.
1993 ‘J. Gash’ Paid & Loving Eyes (1994) x. 74 Got a prile of ointment pots.
C2.
ointment carrier n. Obsolete a syringe-like device for introducing ointment into the rectum or other body passage.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > equipment for applying medicaments > [noun] > other applicators
seton-needle1672
burras-pipe1676
point1799
marsupium1842
wafer-paper1860
insufflator1872
douchebag1883
tampon-screwa1884
irrigator1887
ointment carrier1897
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 744 In place of the injection, ointment may be introduced by means of one of Allingham's ointment-carriers.

Derivatives

ˈointment-like adj. rare that resembles an ointment.
ΚΠ
?a1547 Ten Recipes Henry VIII in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. ix. 226 A Cataplasme made vngtment-lyke.
1896 A. R. White Youth's Educator xxvii. 327 Put the whole in the sun till it becomes of ointment-like consistency, and then add the rhodium.
1990 San Francisco Chron. (Nexis) 23 July e2 It's an ointment-like substance that comes in a small tube.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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