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单词 state
释义

staten.

Brit. /steɪt/, U.S. /steɪt/
Forms: Middle English staat, Middle English staate, Middle English stade, Middle English stas (Kent, plural), Middle English stete (northern), Middle English 1600s statt, Middle English–1500s staite, Middle English–1500s stat, Middle English–1500s statte, Middle English–1600s stait, Middle English– state, 1500s stayt, 1500s stayte; English regional (northern, chiefly north-western) 1800s steyat, 1800s– steate, 1800s– steatt, 1800s– steeat, 1800s– stiat, 1900s– steat; Scottish pre-1700 staet, pre-1700 staett, pre-1700 stait, pre-1700 staite, pre-1700 staitt, pre-1700 stat, pre-1700 stathe, pre-1700 stayt, pre-1700 stayte, pre-1700 steat, pre-1700 stet, pre-1700 stett, pre-1700 1700s– state.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: estate n.; state v.
Etymology: Partly (i) a variant of estate n.; partly (ii) directly < classical Latin status (u stem) fact or manner of standing, stature, position, physical condition, circumstances, conditions, situation, arrangement, constitution, order, station in life, rank, standing, prestige, legal position, (in rhetoric) point in question or debate between contending parties, (in grammar) mood, in post-classical Latin also (of an illness) climax, crisis (5th cent.), estate, title or interest in property (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources) < stāre to stand (see stand v.) + -tus , suffix forming verbal nouns; and perhaps also partly (iii) (in branch V.) < state v. The etymon estate n. shows a borrowing of Anglo-Norman and Old French estate , Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French estat (French état ) which itself shows a borrowing of classical Latin status . See estate n. for more information on the French word and on its parallels in other Romance languages. There has been increasing semantic distinction between estate n. and state n. since at least the early 16th cent. The meaning development of state n. probably also shows some direct influence from French, as well as via estate n.; this is especially the case for senses at branch III., which probably show semantic influence from Middle French estat and also from Italian stato (see estate n.). With sense 24 compare also classical Latin status rei publicae , status civitatis , post-classical Latin status ecclesiae (4th cent.). Compare also status n., a later borrowing of the same Latin word, showing considerable semantic overlap with senses at branches I. and II.Compare Anglo-Norman stathe estate, property (1373), en stat in state (15th cent. or earlier). Compare also ( < Latin, but frequently with semantic influence from French): Middle Dutch staet (Dutch staat ), Middle Low German stāt , Middle High German staat (German Staat ), Old Swedish stat (Swedish stat , also (in sense ‘pomp’) ståt ), Old Danish stat (Danish stat ), all now usually denoting a state as political unit, and sometimes also in sense 16 and related uses, but in earlier use generally in the senses ‘condition’, ‘rank’, or ‘estate (as part of the body politic)’.
I. Senses relating to a condition or manner of existing.
* A temporary immaterial condition.
1.
a. The combination of circumstances or attributes belonging at a particular time to a person or thing; a particular manner or way of existing as defined by the presence of certain circumstances or attributes; a condition. Frequently with of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > [noun]
statec1225
estatec1230
farea1325
casec1325
beingc1330
degreec1330
condition1340
suita1375
stature?a1513
existence1530
affection?1543
existency1587
subsistence1597
consistence1626
subsistency1628
tone1641
consistency1690
attitude1744
situation1765
working order1784
faring1811
status1837
figure1858
c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) l. 71 (MED) Þet tu naldest changin þet stat þet tu liuest in forte cwen icrunet.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 151 Þet is richt religiun þet uhan efter his stat boreȝe ed þis world þeleste þet he mei.
a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) 389 Þe disciples..axede him þe stat of þe temple.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 21 Þat he schuld bring it [sc. the Euphrates] to swilke a state þat wymmen schuld mow wade ouer and noȝt wete þaire kneesse.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 415 That the forsaid ser Thomas shold susteyne the forsaid halle..in all so good a state or better than he resceived hit.
a1513 W. Dunbar Ballat Passioun in Poems (1998) I. 38 To keip the hous in sicker stait.
1559 in Acts Privy Council (1893) VII. 82 Sent to Dovour to vieu..the state of the blacke Bulwerke and pyerre there.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xxix. sig. C2v I all alone beweepe my out-cast state . View more context for this quotation
1681 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation: 2nd Pt. 125 Commissions were next given to examine the state of the chantries and guildable lands.
1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 28. ¶13 Adversity has ever been considered as the state in which a man most easily becomes acquainted with himself.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §324 Concerning the State and Condition of the Edystone Lighthouse.
1843 W. Wordsworth in C. Wordsworth Mem. (1851) I. 97 A successful play would in the then state of my finances have been a most welcome piece of good fortune.
1891 Law Times 90 411/2 Allowing a foundry and other property to fall into..a state of disrepair.
1910 H. H. Suplee Gas Turbine 6 It has therefore been thought desirable to gather under one cover the most important papers... In the present state of the art this is all that can be done.
1925 Times 7 Sept. 4/4 The weather conditions were favourable and the state of the roads conducive to high speeds.
1994 J. Coe What Carve Up! (1995) 225 Her room seemed to be in a severe state of disarray.
b. spec. A person's condition at a particular time.
†(a) With reference to general well-being. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1300 St. Patrick's Purgatory (Laud) l. 586 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 217 Þe kniȝt stod and bi-heold a-boute and is riȝte stat onder-stod. So fol he was of þat holi leome.
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 1990 Þai kiste hem anon wiþ þat And aþer askede of oþeres stat.
c1400 Simonie (Peterhouse) (1991) l. 38 Erchebisshopes and byshopes, þat shuld trewly enquere Of al men of holy cherche in what stat [c1330 Auch. of what lif] þei were.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 574 Algate he wayted so in his achaat That he was ay biforn and in good staat.
1632 P. Massinger Maid of Honour ii. iii. sig. E2v If we come off It is not amisse, if not, my state is settl'd.
1641 J. Dury Let. 20 Dec. in 17th-cent. Polit. & Financial Papers (1996) 157 I will Commend yow to the Grace of God; & desire yow to joyne to all your prayer premeditations and examinacions of your state.
1793 Crit. Rev. Apr. 395 A few leading facts, intimately connected with..the state of the people of Attica during his [sc. Pisistratus'] domination.
1813 W. Scott Rokeby iv. 185 He came in secret to enquire Her state, and reconcile her sire.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 415 The great criterion of the state of the common people is the amount of their wages.
(b) With reference to physical or mental health.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [noun]
ferec1175
statea1325
casec1325
likingc1330
plighta1393
dispositionc1400
health1509
disease1526
affection?1541
affect1605
valetude1623
tift1717
situation1749
condition1798
fix1816
shape1865
fig1883
a1325 Statutes of Realm in MS Rawl. B.520 f. 56v Þe assise..is for te alloinen for te the stat of þilke tenaunt be amended.
c1480 (a1400) St. Agnes 71 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 348 His fadir send..medicinaris, his stat to se.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 24 Yet yf hyt be deformyd..the body hath not hys perfayt state & vertue.
1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. ii. 108 The Germans and Frenchmen lying by the Tiber..vtterly ouerthrew the state of their body with too much swimming in the riuer and impatience of heate.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets cxviii. sig. Hv And brought to medicine a healthfull state . View more context for this quotation
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. viii. 17 Sensible of the consumptionous state of his body.
1813 J. Austen Let. 3 Nov. (1995) 248 It is but roughish weather for any one in a tender state.
1854 J. C. Bucknill Unsoundness of Mind 89 He was fully conscious of his state, and had great hopes of being cured in the asylum.
1908 R. Bagot Anthony Cuthbert xxviii. 370 It was in vain that he attempted to deceive his patient as to her state.
1997 P. J. Simpson in S. A. Robertson Contemp. Ergonomics II. 23 By starting treatment, the state of the patient will change.
†(c) With reference to livelihood, wealth, or possessions. Obsolete. Cf. estate n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > [noun] > of a person or in life > in terms of prosperity, etc.
astatea1250
farcostc1275
farea1325
estate?1370
statea1382
worlda1393
casea1535
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) Judges xx. 27 Þei offredyn to hym brente sacrifices &..vp on þeir staat [L. super statu suo] þei askedyn.
1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 20 If eny brother or sister falle in pouert,..his state shal bene holpen, of euery brother and sister of ye gilde, wt a ferthyng in ye woke.
c1425 How Good Wife taught her Daughter (Huntington) (1948) 171 Ilke a man aftir his state..ȝeue the pouer atte nede.
1557 F. Seager Schoole of Vertue in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 354 Ye that are poore, with your state be contente.
a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. C3v Ile giue Liuing and lands to strength thy colledge state.
1611 C. Tourneur Atheist's Trag. (new ed.) ii. sig. D3v You shall doe well if you be sicke to set your state in present order.
1627 T. Newman Eunuch ii. ii. 67 To day I met one, of my rancke and place; No niggard pinch-gut: but one, tooke delight To hauocke out his state in daintie morsels.
1763 C. Churchill Conference 6 My Credit at last gasp, my State undone.
c. colloquial. A condition of dirtiness, disorder, or disrepair.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > untidiness > [noun] > an untidy condition of things
state1806
flutterc1825
mess1826
muss1839
sozzle1848
1806 F. Lathom Mysterious Freebooter II. ix. 154 Your Ladyship sees what a state it is in; you can't want to be told it is neglected.
1879 F. W. Robinson Coward Conscience ii. vii. 258 Just look what a state I am in!
1911 J. B. Harris-Burland Shadow of Malreward (1919) 26 I must apologize for the state of this place.
1995 A. Warner Morvern Callar (1996) 4 My nails were in a state as per usual.
2001 J. Boyle Galloway Street 17 Oh Jesus Mary and Joseph look at the state of this house.
2.
†a. A person's mental or emotional condition as expressed by his or her manner or behaviour. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] > prevailing or distinctive qualities > as shown by behaviour
statea1400
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > [noun] > demeanour or appearance
cheerc1225
statea1400
expression1830
a1400 (?a1325) Medit. on Supper of our Lord (Harl.) (1875) l. 391 (MED) Þan cryst answered, with mylde state.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vii. 128 Thai changit contenans and late, And held nocht in the first stat; For thai var fayis to the kyng.
1586 M. Fleming Let. Mar. in R. V. Agnew Corr. P. Waus (1887) II. ii. 350 Your (l) [=lordship] man apardoun me of my hammelie stett and chargeing, for I man vse your (l) as ane greit frind.
a1788 N. Cotton Var. Pieces Verse & Prose (1791) I. 212 Hymen..Look'd thro' the crowd with angry state, And blam'd the porter at the gate.
b. A condition of mind or feeling; the mental or emotional condition of a person at a particular time. Frequently with preceding adjective or of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > temporary state of mind, mood > [noun]
moodOE
affection?c1225
affecta1398
statec1450
humour1525
vein1577
frame1579
temperality1600
tempera1628
à la mode1654
disposition1726
spite1735
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > state of feeling or mood > [noun]
moodOE
cheerc1225
affecta1398
statec1450
mindc1460
stomach1476
spiritc1480
humour1525
vein1577
frame1579
tune1600
tempera1628
transport1658
air1678
tift1717
disposition1726
spite1735
tonea1751
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > study of emotions > [noun] > condition of feeling
feeling1734
state1751
c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) l. 11029 (MED) Þen was ely in stallworth state when he þe bote of god con here.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 30 When prosperyte ys wel usyd hyt ys a mean to set mannys mynd in that state wherby he schal attayne hyar felycyte.
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 292 The motions of the countenance doe best expresse the state of the mind.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1125 High Passions..shook sore Thir inward State of Mind. View more context for this quotation
1729 W. Law Serious Call ix. 122 Covetousness..supposes a foolish and unreasonable state of mind.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 155. ⁋2 It seems generally believed, that, as the eye cannot see itself, the mind has no faculties by which it can contemplate its own state.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lviii. 528 He..brought Mr. Jos..to a very good state of feeling regarding his relatives in Europe.
1882 C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xx. 149 The whole country was in a state of white heat about the Roman Catholic claims.
1931 Eng. Jrnl. 20 121 In which of the two meters..does the emotional state of the speaker find its more harmonious medium?
1994 Computing 8 Sept. 25/5 Adults are..trapped in a permanent state of anxiety by sophisticated technology.
c. Chiefly Philosophy and Psychology. A particular process or mode of consciousness. Frequently in state of consciousness. Cf. altered state n. at altered adj. and n. Compounds.anxiety, alpha state, etc.: see the first element.
ΚΠ
1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man Introd. p. iii The Will is that State of Mind, which is immediately previous to, and causes, those express Acts of Memory, Fancy, and bodily Motion, which are termed voluntary.
c1790 T. Reid Let. to J. Gregory in Wks. (1846) 85 The reason why madness, idiotism, &c., are called states of mind, while its acts and operations are not, is because mankind have always conceived the mind to be passive in the former and active in the later.
1820 T. Brown Lect. Philos. Human Mind I. xi. 245 To the whole series of states of the mind, then, whatever the individual momentary successive states may be, I give the name of our consciousness.
c1837 W. Hamilton in T. Reid Wks. (1846) 85 (note) The term State has, more especially of late years, and principally by Necessitarian philosophers, been applied to all modifications of mind indifferently.
1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. iii. §19. 61 It is..beyond question that our states of consciousness occur in succession.
1941 Jrnl. Abnormal & Social Psychol. 36 489 Hypnotic behavior, the striving to behave as if hypnotized, takes place in an altered state of the person.
1981 A. Verdu Philos. of Buddhism 72 Samādhi connotes a state of the mind in which consciousness has been drained of all particular objective contents.
2007 New Scientist 12 May 56/1 Reactance is actually a recognised psychological state.
d. colloquial. An agitated, excited, or anxious mental or emotional condition. Chiefly in to be in a state.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > [noun]
fever1340
motiona1398
quotidian?a1439
rufflea1535
commotion1581
fret1582
hurry1600
puddering1603
tumultuousnessa1617
trepidation1625
feverishness1638
boilingc1660
fermentationc1660
tumult1663
ferment1672
stickle1681
fuss1705
whirl1707
flurry1710
sweat1715
fluster1728
pucker1740
flutter1741
flustration1747
flutteration1753
tremor1753
swithera1768
twitteration1775
state1781
stew1806
scrow1808
tumultuating1815
flurrification1822
tew1825
purr1842
pirr1856
tête montée1859
go1866
faff1874
poultry flutter1876
palaver1878
thirl1879
razzle-dazzle1885
nervism1887
flurry-scurry1888
fikiness1889
foment1889
dither1891
swivet1892
flusterment1895
tither1896
overwroughtness1923
mania1925
stumer1932
tizzy1935
two and eight1938
snit1939
tizz1953
tiswas1960
wahala1966
1781 tr. Comtesse de Genlis Dangers of World iii. i, in Theatre of Educ. III. 483 What a state would she be in at present, if she was acquainted with this afflicting news!
1842 F. Marryat Percival Keene II. ii. 259 Lord, what a state I shall be in till I know what has taken place!
1873 Argosy 1 Apr. 284 I can't get it out of my head that that fortune-teller must have had to do with it... I am in a state over it.
1902 V. Jacob Sheep-stealers xiv. 132 Don't you remember when she went away, what a state you were in and how you raged?
1922 H. Tremaine Tribal God vi. 286 I'm in such a state that if you hadn't come now I'd have..screamed with fear, or laughed.
1998 W. Self Tough, Tough Toys for Tough, Tough Boys 176 You're..all worked up an' that, pumping, right, an' you get to the fuckin' door, in a right state.
** A physical or essential condition, and related senses.
3.
a. Physical condition as regards internal constitution, nature, or structure. Also: each of several forms or conditions in which something is found to occur; a phase or stage of existence.nascent, normal, pupa state: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > [noun] > physical or external condition
statec1300
apply1669
c1300 Holy Cross (Laud) l. 230 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 8 Þo huy weren i-woxe in lengþe of one Elne..In þulke stat huy stoden longue þare and euere-more grene.
?c1335 (a1300) Land of Cokaygne 120 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 148 Þe cristal turniþ in to glasse, In state þat hit raþer wasse.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 28 (MED) Þanne by þe godspelle þet corn heþ þri stas, uor hit is uerst ase ine gerse, efterward ine yere, efterward is uol of frut.
a1425 (?c1350) Northern Passion (Harl. 4196) l. 477 Still þan stode þa wandes þare A thowsand ȝere & wex nomare Bot in a state ay gan þai stand.
?1537 T. Elyot Castell of Helthe ii. ii. f. 17 Qualitie is in the complexion, that is to saye, in what state it is, Hotte or colde, moyste or drye.
1603 C. Heydon Def. Iudiciall Astrol. v. 147 Almanack-writers foretelling the diarie state of the weather.
1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 156 I have found it a little difficult to bring Water and Pepper into a right State of yielding these Insects.
1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. I. xi. 469 The whole wire is consumed..the globules of iron will be found in that state called martial ethiops.
a1805 W. Paley Serm. on Several Subj. (1827) v. 634/1 When an animal changes its state, it changes its body.
1859 J. Ruskin Two Paths iv. §143 The most perfect and useful state of it [sc. iron] is that of ochreous stain.
1898 J. A. Fleming Magnets & Electr. Currents i. 16 The ability to retain the magnetic state with varying degrees of power against mechanical shocks or reversed magnetic force is called the Coercive Power.
1936 W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. iv. 50 If a substance in a fine state of division is dispersed through a liquid, molecules of a solute may be adsorbed at the surface of the particles.
1966 R. Webster Pract. Gemmol. (ed. 4) ix. 89 Luminescence..; the light being cold for the substance is not in a state of incandescence.
1993 Nature 7 Jan. 54/1 The point at which the free energies of the superconducting and normal states of a material become equal.
2010 D. Blockley Bridges v. 184 With each twist there was effectively positive feedback... The bridge was effectively in a state of self-excitation.
b. A phase of the moon; spec. †that when the whole disc appears illuminated (full moon) (obsolete). Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > moon > phase > [noun]
statec1300
phasis1645
phase1647
c1300 St. Bartholomew (Laud) l. 100 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 369 (MED) He hadde ane douȝter þat was lunatyke, þat þe deuel hadde..made..witles euerech monthþe ase hit feol in þe stat of þe mone.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 1551 (MED) In sua lang time..þe planetes all ar went again O þair first making in to þe state.
1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Amphicyrtos, is the state of the moone, as wel whan he is somwhat increased..as also whan he is in the wane.
1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. iii. 92 He beareth Gules, a Moone Decressant, or in her state of Decrement proper.
1797 J. Russell Descr. Selenographia 24 Two diagrams were made from the moon during one revolution, each of them when she was in a gibbous state.
1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy viii. 279 Plate I. fig. 1..represents Mars in its gibbous state, as seen on the 16th of August, 1830.
1980 V. Alcock Haunting of Cassie Palmer iv. 36 They could not remember the state of the moon, so long had it been hidden by clouds, but fortunately Tom found it in his diary.
1996 Shakespeare Q. 47 312 He has chosen to depict it full rather than in the waning or crescent state suggested by Hippolyta's lines at the beginning of the play.
c. A particular form in which matter can exist, as solid, liquid, or gas. Also (now rare) with of, as state of gas, state of liquid, etc. (i.e. a gaseous, liquid, etc., state). Cf. state of matter n.critical, solid state: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun]
state1652
state of matter1665
phase1875
1652 J. Paulet tr. P. Le Moyne Gallery Heroick Women iii. 136 If you take these Mettals..and put them into a Crusible in a Melting Furnace, with a strong Fire, this Powder will return into Mettal again..; you see then that the same matter is in a threefold different state, for being a solid Body, it is afterwards reduced to a Powder, and then again it is turned into a fluid matter.
1694 R. Blome tr. A. Le Grand Entire Body Philos. v. ii. 115/1 (side note) How Mercury may be fixed, and afterwards reduced to its liquid state again.
1788 J. St. John tr. L. B. Guyton de Morveau et al. Method Chym. Nomencl. 60 Converted into the state of gas by caloric.
1790 W. Nicholson tr. A.-F. de Fourcroy Elements Nat. Hist. & Chem. (new ed.) I. 355 The heat absorbed by elastic fluids, in their aerification, is disengaged when they return to a liquid or solid state.
1899 J. Walker Introd. Physical Chem. xii. 124 If the substance is in the state of vapour, the heat of vaporisation must be added.
1908 Athenæum 28 Mar. 390/1 All the ‘non-valent’ elements..should sublime, or pass from the solid into the gaseous state without liquefaction.
1924 Isis 6 551 Crookes spoke of having discovered a Fourth State of matter, as far removed from the state of gas, as a gas is from a liquid.
1988 J. D. Barrow & F. J. Tipler Anthropic Cosmol. Princ. (rev. ed.) vi. 372 When the Universe has aged a million years or so..; the radiation era is over and the Universe is no longer in a plasma state.
2011 Wall St. Jrnl. 17 Oct. b9/5 LNG—a technology that essentially superfreezes the gas into a liquid state, allowing it to be loaded onto ships—has opened up new, world-wide markets.
d. Physics. A condition of an atom or other quantized system described by a particular set of quantum numbers; spec. one characterized by the quantum numbers n, L, S, J, and m. Cf. level n. 3e.excited, ground, quantum, Rydberg state: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > [noun] > quantum number > condition described by
state1913
1913 N. Bohr in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 26 5 We get a series of values for W, ω, and a corresponding to a series of configurations of the system. According to the above considerations, we are led to assume that these configurations will correspond to states of the system in which there is no radiation of energy.
1925 Astrophysical Jrnl. 61 39 Every spectral line is now believed to be emitted (or absorbed) in connection with the transition of an atom (or molecule) between two definite (quantized) states, of different energy-content.
1935 E. U. Condon & G. H. Shortley Theory Atomic Spectra iv. 122 The terms are designated as 2S... The separate levels are designated by adding the value of j as a superscript, thus 2S½... To specify an individual state the value of m is given as a superscript.
1955 E. B. Wilson et al. Molecular Vibrations x. 246 The selection rules for overtone frequencies will next be considered. These are transitions between the ground vibrational state and an excited state.
1978 P. W. Atkins Physical Chem. xix. 631 The isotope 57Co decays slowly..and forms an excited nuclear state of 57Fe.
2007 I. Stewart Why Beauty is Truth xiii. 236 In any prescribed quantum system, two distinct particles cannot be in the same state at the same time.
e. Electronics. Each of the possible distinct modes of existence of a physical system or device; the condition of a device that determines what output it produces for a given input.finite state, two-state: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > [noun] > of a system
state1937
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > [noun] > condition determining output
state1937
1937 A. M. Turing in Proc. London Math. Soc. 42 250 We know the state of the system if we know the sequence of symbols on the tape, which of these are observed by the computer.., and the state of mind of the computer.
1942 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 52 37 A system is supposed which can assume various numbered states, and pij(t) is the probability that the system is in the jth state at the end of a time interval of length t, if it was in the ith state at the beginning of the interval.
1954 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 257 170 Once a stable state has been reached for all secondary relays, then further circuit changes can occur only if modification is made in the input state.
1979 J. R. Gibson Electronic Logic Circuits i. 5 Logic elements may be combined to form multiple-state systems and the states of such systems may be used to represent numbers in systems other than the binary one.
2002 P. Miles Robot Sumo xii. 237 A pull-down resistor is used to hold the input pin in a low state (about 0 volts) when the switch is open.
4. The mode of existence of a spiritual being; a particular mode, phase, or form of (spiritual) existence.Chiefly with reference to existence after death.future state: see future adj. 1b.state of grace, state of nature: see the final element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > immateriality > [noun] > spirituality or being incorporeal > spiritual state or condition
statec1300
spiritualness?1526
the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > immateriality > [noun] > spirituality or being incorporeal > spiritual state or condition > particular mode or phase of
statec1300
astral plane1882
c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Harl.) l. 273 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 501 Þe gretteste clerkes..Ne þoȝte þat eni vrþlich man so furforþ miȝte go Ne wite so moche of Godes stat bote hit angel were.
c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 91 (MED) Beo we translated in to blis Of wel better state.
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 132 Þis aungel..telliþ hem how now Crist is sittynge in hevene, for his staat here in erþe is fulli performed.
1533 T. More Confut. Tyndale vii, in Wks. 720/1 The state of this present life.
1565 W. Allen Def. & Declar. Doctr. Purgatory ii. xvi. f. 280v All that passe hense in the happy state of grace.
1665 R. South Serm. preached before Court 8 The Difference between a state of Nature, and a state of Grace.
1684 J. Norris Poems & Disc. 70 Are we affraid of making too nigh advances to the State of Angels?
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 163 It is a clear Evidence of God, and of a future State.
1758 J. Wesley Let. 10 Jan. (1931) III. 251 If your argument hold as it is proposed in your very title-page..then all who do not dissent..are in a state of damnation!
a1805 W. Paley Serm. on Several Subj. (1827) v. 635/1 Our new bodies will be infinitely superior to those which we carry about with us in our present state.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxxxiii. 118 The great Intelligences fair That range above our mortal state . View more context for this quotation
1907 F. Weston One Christ 53 First, the Incarnation involved a state of being that is quite inferior to the divine state.
1993 C. Innes Avant Garde Theatre 1892–1992 ii. 10 The funeral service marks the transition from mortal clay to an unknown spiritual state.
†5.
a. A person's proper (physical) form, shape, or nature. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > [noun] > proper
statec1330
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 2584 Þe king wiþ water þer he wesche, His owhen stat he hadde, ywis.
1568 (a1500) Freiris Berwik 454 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 274 Him to translait or ellis dissagyiss fra his awin kynd in to ane vder stait.
b. Stature, bodily form, or shape. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > [noun]
featurec1325
making1340
staturec1380
statea1387
bonea1400
figurec1400
makec1425
corpulence1477
corsage1481
makdom1488
mouldc1550
corporature1555
frame1566
dimension1600
limit1608
set1611
timber1612
compact1646
taille1663
fabric1695
moulding1815
physique1826
tournure1827
build1832
form1849
body type1866
body build1907
somatotype1940
size1985
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 223 Þere is no fairenesse of body wheþer it be in state [c1400 Tiber. staat] of body as in schap of lengþe and brede [L. sive in statu corporis consistat, sicut est figura], oþer in meouynge as in song, but suche as þe inwitte of [man] deemeþ.
c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) l. 738 A stalworthy man of state and steuyn.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Habitus, the fourme or state of the body.
a1626 J. Fletcher & W. Rowley Maid in Mill v. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Cccc3/1 If't please ye (Madam) let me see the state of your body. I'll fit you instantly.
†6.
a. Existence, being. Obsolete.In early use frequently in to have state, to hold (in) state.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > [noun]
being1340
statec1384
essencion?a1400
existencea1425
essencya1475
existency1548
essentie1552
essence1576
entity1596
existing1616
esse1621
beingness1662
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. ix. 8 Not ȝit the wei of seyntis for to be openyd, ȝit the former tabernacle hauynge state [L. priore tabernaculo habente statum].
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 314 (MED) His sun his wisdom es, þat wat All thinges þat haldes stat [Gött. For all þe werld he haldis in state].
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xii. l. 599 xiij is thridde, and firthe in x hath state.
1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 5736 If..god also my state so longe Tyl yt be doon vouchesaf to prolong.
?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) ii. 333 If dead I heare him, nor of more state [Gk. εἰ δέ κε τεθνηῶτος ἀκούσω μηδ' ἔτ' ἐόντος].
b. A possibility, a possible means (of something). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > [noun] > feasibility > a possible means
statea1400
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14149 Quen þai sagh þat þar was nanoþer Stat o couering o þair broþer.
†7. Without qualification.
a. The original, proper, or usual condition of a person or thing; a healthy, flourishing, or prosperous condition. Cf. estate n. 1d. Obsolete.Chiefly in verbal phrases, as to be (also stand) in state: to be firmly established or flourishing; to be intact; (also) to remain in the same condition; to bring in state, to bring to (one's) state: to reinstate, restore.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > [noun] > flourishing condition
statea1387
verdour1447
virtuec1450
thrivingc1460
provinga1529
prospering?1567
verdurec1595
flourish1597
efflorescency1649
efflorescence1672
flourishing1717
flourishment1724
booming1881
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > [noun] > original or natural condition
i-cundeeOE
kindc1175
statea1387
disposition1581
natural1633
natural state1653
the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restoration of a person > [verb (transitive)]
uprighta1340
to bring to (one's) statea1387
restorea1387
remount?c1400
reducec1425
redraw1480
reintegrate1495
restitutec1503
repair?1521
revocate1527
recall1567
redintegrate1578
rehabilitate1580
refetch1599
revindicate1609
re-estate1611
uprighten1618
redintegrate1622
restate1625
redeem1686
the world > action or operation > prosperity > prosper or flourish [verb (intransitive)]
theec888
i-thee971
bloomc1175
flower?c1225
soundfula1300
fructifya1325
timea1325
to bear the bloom1330
flourisha1340
prosperc1350
thrive?a1366
blossom1377
cheve1377
burgeona1382
likec1400
upthrivec1440
avail1523
fadge1573
to bear a great, high or lofty sail1587
blow1610
to be (also stand) in state1638
fatten1638
sagaciate1832
to be going strong1855
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 165 (MED) Þat Tarquinius schulde be brouȝt to his state and in to þe citee aȝen [L. ad reducendum Tarquinium in urbem].
c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) l. 1208 (MED) Þorw whom þe fend was al mat, And þe world forbouȝt and brouȝt in stat.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20958 To halt o ganging gaf he stat.
c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) l. 686 A soþ god..Þat haþ þe stomak in stat stifly to kepe.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 297 Bot wondirly hard thing fell Till him, or he till state wes brocht.
1531 in Archaeologia (1883) 47 62 Sharing some dishe from thyn own bord and likewise from thy chanons till tyme thou bring thy said house in state agayne.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. E2 To scandalize and depraue that which retaineth the state, and vertue, by taking aduantage vpon that which is corrupt and degenerate. View more context for this quotation
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Vv1 To preserue in state, is the lesse; to preserue with aduancement is the greater. View more context for this quotation
1638 Earl of Manchester in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 278 Things here rest as yet in state as they were.
a1660 in W. Somner Treat. Gavelkind (1660) iv. 118 Land with over much tillage worn and beaten out of state.
b. Fixedness, stability. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > stability, fixity > [noun]
stablenessa1300
tack1412
steadfastnessc1450
surenessc1450
stability1470
radicationa1500
constance1509
steadiness1530
certitudea1533
firmance1533
staidness1556
establishment1561
settledness1571
settling1582
state1597
groundedness1601
inviscerationa1631
setness1642
unmalleableness1644
fixedness1647
poise1649
inveteracy1716
well-foundedness1735
fixity1791
unmalleability1828
deep-rootedness1860
instatement1877
steady state1885
hard and fastness1897
1597 F. Bacon Of Coulers Good & Euill f. 28v, in Ess. In the fauours of others or the good windes of fortune we haue no state or certainty, in our endeuours or abilities we haue.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Tt4 If wee mought haue a perpetuity and Certainty in our pleasures, the State of them would advance their price. View more context for this quotation
8. A particular era or period of history; (Theology) one ordered by divine providence or government. rare in later use.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > [noun] > specific form of
statea1387
discipline1536
platform1572
way1641
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 31 Touchynge þe secounde take hede of tweie states [L. duo sunt status], oon from þe bygynnynge of þe world to Criste, and is i-cleped þe staat of mysgoynge; the secounde staat from Criste to þe worldes end, and is i-cleped þe state of grace and of mercy.
1482 W. Caxton tr. Higden's Prolicionycion i. iii. f. viij Descrypcions of places, states of thynges [L. status rerum], distynction of tymes.
1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. iii. 25 That discourse of S. Peter [i.e. 2 Pet. 3: 5-6], concerning the several States of the World.
1721 J. Perry Glory Christ's Visible Kingdom xix. 307 Some there be that have divided the World into four States or Ages: the golden; the silver; the brass; and the iron.
1885 P. Smith Hist. Christian Church Middle Ages 428 In the vision of St John, the seven seals symbolized the seven states of the Christian Church: the first was the laying of its foundations [etc.].
1962 R. Schenk in Mensch & Natur im Mittelalter 442 The desire..for salvation varies as do the states or ‘ages’ to which it belongs.
†9. Medicine. The period during the course of a disease in which its symptoms are most severe; an instance of this; = acme n. 2b. Cf. status n. 1b, station n. 18. Also in extended use: most intense or chief stage. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun] > stage of disease > crisis
statea1400
crise?1541
crisis1543
judgement1547
judging day1547
vigour1563
fit1578
indicative day1624
station1651
status1663
acme1682
judicatory1684
solution1842
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > that which is important > most important > other
main chance1584
all the world1600
masterworkc1606
state1656
foreground1817
axis1818
big one1924
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 210 (MED) Þe firste bigynnyng repercussifs ouercome þe mater of enpostym myche, & in þe stat of þe empostym lasse.
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 22v (MED) Apostemez haþ 4 tymez: Bigynnyng, Augmentyng, State, & declinacioun.
a1576 W. Bullein Bk. Simples (new ed.) f. 45, in Bulwarke of Defence (1579) From the beginning, augmenting, vnto the state of the sayd flegmon, the hoatter any Apostumacion is the better this herbe will helpe the same.
1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke v. iv. 210 But the token of their state is, when all the aforesaide thinges (that is to say) the tumour, and the symptomates of the differences of euerie tumour, hath his owne proper force and vigoure: neither can they any longer admit any encreasing.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 342 To euery disease or malady, belongeth foure seuerall times, that is to say, the beginning, the increasing, the state, and declination.
1656 T. Blount Glossographia at Catastasis The third part of a Comedy, and signifies the state and full vigour of it.
1665 G. Harvey Disc. Plague 11 At present it is in the Augment, and likely to attain to a state about the latter end of August.
1738 tr. J. Keill in Ess. Animal Oecon. (ed. 4) 189 When all the peccant matter is thrown out, the disease generally proceeds to it's state without any ill accident.
1829 J. Bell in tr. C. Rollin Hist. Arts & Sci. Ancients 509/2 (note) Hippocrates remarked four stages in distempers; viz. the beginning of the disease, its augmentation, its state or height, and its declination.
10.
†a. A kind or sort of something. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class
kinc950
kindOE
distinction?c1225
rowc1300
spece1303
spice1303
fashionc1325
espicec1386
differencea1398
statec1450
sort?1523
notion1531
species1561
vein1568
brood1581
rank1585
order1588
race1590
breed1598
strain1612
batch1616
tap1623
siege1630
subdivision1646
notionality1651
category1660
denomination1664
footmark1666
genus1666
world1685
sortment1718
tribe1731
assortment1767
description1776
style1794
grouping1799
classification1803
subcategory1842
type1854
basket1916
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 5646 Þan with stanes of ilka state wall [read was] þe stoure clustrid.
b. Botany. A form of a particular plant (or fungus) which differs from the usual type of the species, but does not constitute a distinct taxonomic variety or subspecies. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > variety or species > [noun] > an individual in relation to type
state1821
isotype1919
1821 W. J. Hooker Flora Scotica ii. 78 The Conf. nigra of Dillw. and E. B. is now, I believe, generally acknowledged to be only a state of this on which the branchlets have been destroyed.
1840 J. Torrey & A. Gray Flora N. Amer. I. iii. 519 The G. glabra, Lehm. appears to us merely a glabrous form, and G. parvifolia, Torr. a small-leaved state, of this species.
1872 E. Tuckerman Genera Lichenum 35 Sticta linita..was recognized as occurring in the United States by Delise,..and Dr. Nylander (Syn. p. 353) speaks of a state from Arctic America.
1905 Curtis's Bot. Mag. 131 Tab. 8034 It is probable that the plant described and figured here is merely a state, with pendulous branches, of a species with normally erect branches.
1931 C. E. Salmon Flora of Surrey 444 P[rimula] vulgaris... Var. caulescens Koch... Known by its 2–3 or many flowered scape. It is apparently only a state but White..states it is permanent in cultivation.
†11. The principal point in question between contending parties, as it emerges from debate; the main point or issue in question. More fully state of the cause, state of the plea. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > materials of topic > [noun] > of debate or discussion
proposec1350
purposec1350
propositiona1382
problema1387
conclusionc1400
state of the causea1525
question1549
argumenta1568
thesis1579
disquisition1605
problem1645
consultation1663
consult1683
propos1816
issue1836
chat1861
debating point1927
battleground1931
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 266 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 103 The circumstance and ye stait all couth yai argewe.
?c1535 L. Cox Arte Rhethorycke (new ed.) sig. Dv In these [judicial] oracions the fyrste is to fynde out the state of the cause, whiche is a short preposicion conteynynge the hole effect of all the controuersies.
?c1535 L. Cox Arte Rhethorycke (new ed.) sig. Dvi The state of the plee.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 48 b A State therfore in matters of iudgement is that thyng whiche doeth arise vpon the first demaunde and denial made betwixt men... I cannot better terme it in Englishe than by the name of an issue.
1609 R. Bernard Faithfull Shepheard (new ed.) 20 The scope or principall intendment of the Holy Ghost in that place; from which scope ariseth the principall proposition, called of Rhetoricians the State, of Lawyers the Issue.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Estat,..the state, head, issue, knot, principall point of a matter in controuersie.
1637 S. Rutherford Let. 7 July in Joshua Redivivus (1664) 349 The state of our question we are now forced to stand to..is, If Iesus should reign over his Kirk or not?
a1758 J. Ward Syst. Oratory (1759) II. vi. 79 From hence arises this grand question, or state of the cause.
1776 B. Martin Bibliotheca Technologica (ed. 4) 129 (margin) The several states of the cause.
1831 J. A. Getty Elements Rhetoric 5 The state of a controversy is expressed, by several other names.
12. Grammar.
a. The condition of a word having a particular grammatical function or relation (even where this is not indicated by an inflection or change of form). Also: the case or relation governing this.Now chiefly in Semitic Grammar. For absolute, construct, emphatic state: see the first elements.The term was also used by some English grammarians in the 18th cent. when case was regarded as inapplicable to English. For following, foregoing, leading state: see the first elements. [After post-classical Latin status in similar use (1564 or earlier in status absolutus, 1650 or earlier in status constructus, 1711 or earlier in status emphaticus).]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > in English
state1677
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > in Semitic languages
state1837
1677 F. Bampfield All in One i. 67 It is therefore an Error in the vulgar versions of Greek, Latin and English, when they render this proper Name appellatively, which hath no plural Number, no demonstrative Note prefix'd, is not read in the constructed State, so as to change its last Letter.
1682 W. Hickes Grammatical Drollery 28 A Participle doth participate With Noun and Verb in all degrees and state.
1700 A. Lane Key Art Lett. 26 A Noun is in the Nominative State or Case, when 'tis the Subject of a Verb.
1711 J. Greenwood Ess. Pract. Eng. Gram. 104 The Pronouns have a twofold State... The first State we shall call the Foregoing State, as I, We; the second State we shall call the Following State, as Me, Us.
1788 C. Coote Elements Gram. Eng. Lang. Introd. 8 That case which denotes the primary state of a noun is termed the nominative.
1837 G. Phillips Elem. Syriac Gram. 24 To the absolute and constructive state of nouns, which the Hebrews have, the Syrians add a third, the Definite.
1845 H. B. Hackett tr. G. B. Winer Gram. Chaldee Lang. ii. iv. 87 The number of the states..in which a noun may be placed, is greater in Chaldee than in Hebrew.
1912 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 32 164 In Eastern Aramaic and Malulan, tho the ending â has lost its definite force, noun and adjective with few exceptions agree in state.
1959 H. P. Houghton Coptic Verb (new ed.) ii. 3 In the pronominal state, the masculine infinitives have the o vowel prevailing, as in the absolute state, but with the quantities of the vowels reversed.
2009 C. G. Häberl Neo-Mandaic Dial. of Khorramshahr iii. 131 In addition to gender and number, the noun was formerly characterized by a third inflectional category, conventionally known as state. In Classical Mandaic, nouns appeared in three states: emphatic, absolute, and construct.
†b. = degree n. 8. Only in positive state. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [noun] > comparison of adjectives or adverbs > degree(s) of comparison
degreea1475
degrees of comparison1530
state1795
state1800
1795 L. Murray Eng. Gram. 36 The positive state expresses the quality of an object, without any increase or diminution; as, good, wise, great.
13.
a. Engraving. Any of a number of differing versions of a plate from which a print or prints are made before or following alteration; a print made from such a version. Also applied to other forms of printmaking.Such states are typically indicated by Roman numerals or similar identifying marks.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > [noun] > proof or state
proof1663
state1768
touch proof1831
1768 W. Gilpin Ess. Prints 241 A few impressions had been taken from the plate in its first state, which sell among the curious for ten times the price.
1775 J. Granger Biogr. Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) I. 63 I have seen only two proofs of the portrait in its first state, and these were fine impressions.
1781 J. Nichols Biogr. Anecd. Hogarth (new ed.) 118 To the second state of this plate was added the quotation.
1874 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. Pref. p. ix The present edition..containing the best states of the old plates now procurable.
1899 E. F. Benson Mammon & Co. vii. 97 Mrs. Siddons was a first state with the coveted blotted edge.
1942 Philadelphia Mus. Bull. 37 10 (caption) Bords de la Seine, color lithograph by Paul Signac, first state with the remarque, proof signed in pencil.
1991 Christie's Internat. Mag. Winter 59 (caption) Christ presented to the People: Oblong Plate..drypoint, 1655, first state (of eight), a wonderful impression, printed on Japanese paper.
b. Originally: an edition of a published work. Later: (Bibliography) any of a number of different versions of one such edition.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > edition > [noun] > first edition > condition of regarding changes
state1773
1773 F. Gentleman Note on Hamlet in Bell's Ed. Shakespeare's Plays III. 61 In the original state of the play, the whole [of the scene] is quite superfluous.
1857 C. Bathurst Remarks on Differences in Shakespeare's Versification ii. 64 We must consider that the earliest of these editions is not, therefore, the first state of the play.
1874 Macmillan's Mag. Dec. 136/2 It must not be forgotten that this speech is contained in the earliest form of the published Hamlet, so that it was an integral part of the play in its first state.
1923 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 44 67 The present fol. 163 obviously does not belong to the first state of the book.
1931 P. H. Muir Points 12 A word is still needed to describe changes made before any publication takes place. These changes may be made while the entire edition is still in the publisher's hands, they may take place at the printer's, at the binder's, or even at a stage intermediate between the issue of some of the review copies and the actual date of publication. Any differences that may arise before that time will be referred to as ‘states’.
1931 G. Worthington Bibliogr. Waverley Novels p. viii I have..decided to use the word ‘State’ whenever between two copies of a first edition there are differences of sufficient importance to be noticed; and my ‘First State’ is the variety which I believe to be preferable..to any other.
1972 Scholarly Publishing 3 123 The text was published almost simultaneously in English, French, and German, all with the same title. To distinguish between the various states and issues is nearly hopeless.
1994 N. Polk Eudora Welty: Bibliography p. xvi The first state of the first printing of The Bride of the Innisfallen..has, on the copyright page, only one copyright date.
II. Senses relating to status or rank.
* (High) rank, and related senses.
14.
a. A person's standing or position in life; a person's social, professional, or legal status or condition.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > [noun]
estatec1230
statec1300
rowa1350
qualityc1425
calling1477
range1494
line1528
stature1533
respect1601
station1603
gradationa1616
ordinancea1616
repute1615
spherea1616
distance1635
impression1639
civils1650
footing1657
regimen1660
order1667
sect1709
caste1791
status1818
position1829
social status1833
standpoint1875
c1300 St. Katherine (Laud) l. 212 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 98 Þench op-on þi noble stat, of alle Maidenes þov art flour.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 1679 Ȝyf..þou art yn state of prest.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vi. l. 588 Quha best did than he had the heast stait.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 37 What soever state offyce or degre any man be of.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Confirmacion f. xi* To doe my duetie in that state of life: vnto which it shal please God to cal me.
1601 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse Martij 1600 35 Could he..haue beene contented with his great state.
a1616 F. Beaumont Let. to B. Jonson in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Xxx3v 'Tis that which keeps our minds fit for our states.
1630 E. Pagitt Christianogr. (1636) i. ii. 85 He..freed these Indians from slaverie and gave them the state of free men.
1756 B. Burton Jesus Christ God & Man 4 His Poverty, and mean State and Condition of Life.
1766 Ld. Kames Remarkable Decisions Court of Session 1730–52 37 Having died in the state of apparency.
1848 H. Hallam Suppl. Notes View Europe Middle Ages viii. 384 If he [sc. the villein regardant] was sold as a domestic serf, he might..be practically in a lower condition than before, but his legal state was the same.
1861 Two Cosmos I. 216 The immense difference upon his future life between the state of legitimacy and illegitimacy.
1905 H. Gannett et al. Commerc. Geogr. iv. 32 The very ease with which he can obtain food, clothing, and shelter renders it unnecessary for him to attempt to better his social state.
1998 G. Di Bacco & J. Nádas in Papal Music & Musicians Late Medieval & Renaissance Rome 52 Ciconia..was..allowed never to have to mention again his state of illegitimacy.
b. A person's status or condition with regard to being single, married, widowed, or divorced; = marital status n. at marital adj. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > [noun] > status as married or single
state1340
marital status1882
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 222 Þet stat of spoushod is zuo holy and suo honeste.
c1450 (a1400) R. Lavynham Treat. Seven Deadly Sins (Harl. 211) (1956) 24 Þe stat of wedlock is good, þe staat of wedeweschip is better, but þe staat of mayndenhed is altherbest.
a1500 (?c1400) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 184 And to þes þree ben þre oþere, comyn and leeful bi Goddis lawe—state of virgyns, and state of wedloke, and þe state of widewis.
?1567 Def. Priestes Mariages (new ed.) 354 The apostles all, except Iohn and Paule, were in the maryed state.
1684 Bp. G. Burnet tr. T. More Utopia 141 They think that if they were not so strictly restrained from all vagrant Appetites, very few would engage in a married state.
1712 R. Steele Tatler No. 278. ⁋2 When I enter into a married State.
1779 Lady's Mag. Mar. 125/1 His severe strictures against matrimony, and presumptuous expressions concerning the perpetuity of his single state.
1812 G. Crabbe Tales viii. 153 But shall his Bride your single state reproach?
1870 E. Leslie Daybreak in Italy vi. 61 She kept herself carefully secluded, as became her widowed state.
1900 T. Dreiser Sister Carrie xix. 209 He forgot the need of circumspectness which his married state enforced.
1976 E. Achtemeier Committed Marriage ii. 29 The wedded state has always been somewhat idealized in American society.
2000 R. L. Copeland Lost Leaves iv. 180 Shikin's heroine not only seeks and obtains divorce..but advertises her divorced state for all to see.
c. A person's status or condition as determined by his or her age. Also man's state: manhood; cf. man's estate at estate n. 1b. Now rare. [Compare post-classical Latin ad statum suum pervenire (6th cent., with reference to attaining the age of majority).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [noun]
eldOE
yearsOE
oldc1175
statea1350
agea1387
springs1597
seniority1776
standing1789
the world > people > person > adult > [noun] > adulthood or maturity > adulthood of man
manhooda1393
man-statec1400
man-agec1425
man's agec1443
state1553
virility1586
beard1591
father-age1596
a1350 Body & Soul (Harl. 2253) l. 80 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 136 Þe seueþe day shule vp ryse..In stat of þrytty wynter, boþe ȝunge and olde.
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 1 And hondred winter ȝef a leueþe, Þat his lyf mid þe lengeste. Onneþe creft eny þat stat.
a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 15 Wiþinne a fewe dayes he schal so hool þat he schal fele him silf of þe statt and þe strenkþe of xl ȝeer; and he schal haue greet ioie þat he is come to þe statt of ȝongþe.
a1500 R. Henryson Praise of Age 17 in Poems (1981) 166 The state of youth I repute for na gude, For in that state sik perilis now I see.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 118 When they come to mans state.
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 3 The yong men after their..growth to mans state.
1685 G. Keith Divine Immediate Revelation (new ed.) iv. 129 Childish things,..belonging to a Childs state.
1777 Archaeologia 4 251 He when grown to man's state, coming hither to lie with her.
1843 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. 40 126 His sons have longed reached man's state.
1916 Seven Arts Dec. 194 It would be better if he could measure what was actually possible, now and in his child's state.
†15.
a. A person's high rank or exalted position; a (specified) office of power or importance. Cf. status n. 3a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > [noun] > high office
statec1300
scarlet1496
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > [noun] > definite rank
worshipOE
dignityc1290
statec1300
order?a1425
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 920 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 133 He..wole..bi-nime þe þi stat and perantur bringue þe out of londe.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 254 Atte laste þo he in stat was & him þoȝte þat is per in þe world nas.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 2992 The Papacie Thei wolde honoure..And thus the man and noght the stat The Frensche schopen be her miht To grieve.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 73 Þe archbisshop Stigand, of Inglond primate, Þat tyme was suspended, þe pape reft him þe state.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. l. 498 Ȝe sall ger mak [yow] tharoff king..And gyff that ȝe will nocht do sua, Na swylk A state apon yow ta..And lat me ta the state on me.
1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre ii. xvi. siig. K iij That fault is augmented by the state and honour of the capitayne.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iv. sig. Mm2v The Queene, to whome besides the obedient dutie they ow'de to her state, they had alwayes carried a singuler loue.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. A2 The businesse of your Crowne and State . View more context for this quotation
1622 J. Taylor Arrant Thiefe in Wks. (1630) ii. 117/2 And many a mitred Pope and Cardinall This way haue got their state Pontificall.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 29 Forgetting his state, and being at the curtesie of the Prophet for his cure.
1741 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 659/2 'Tis Envy, or, 'tis worse, tis hate, Denies due honour to his state.
1840 C. Dickens Master Humphrey's Clock I. 10 A man of his state and fortune could all the better afford to recognise an old friend.
b. High rank, greatness; power. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > power > [noun]
i-waldeOE
armOE
craftOE
mightOE
poustiea1275
mound?a1300
powerc1300
force1303
mighta1325
wielda1325
mightiheada1382
mightinessc1390
mightheada1400
mightinga1400
puissance1420
mightfulnessa1425
vallente1475
potence1483
state1488
potencya1500
potestation?c1500
potent1512
puissantness1552
sinew1560
puissancy1562
potentness1581
powerableness1591
powerfulnessc1595
potestatea1600
pollency1623
potentiality1627
potentialness1668
poust1827
mana1843
magnum force1977
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > majesty, glory, or grandeur > [noun]
athelc885
highnesseOE
brightnessOE
thrumOE
worshipOE
highship?c1225
nobleyec1300
pridec1330
realtya1375
rialtya1375
greatnessc1384
nobletya1387
magnificencec1390
regalya1393
greatheada1400
hautesse1399
lordliness1440
celsitudec1450
excelsitudec1470
state1488
princeliness1545
kingliness1548
royalty1548
amplitudec1550
grandity1589
grandeur1600
glory1613
majesticalness1613
augusteity1615
grandezza1629
augustness1644
raisedness1645
celsity1656
splendidnessa1657
grandness1663
exaltedness1730
halo1813
queenliness1831
aureole1852
magnateship1916
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 274 We will nocht stryff for stayt.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 139v Prinses That most were of might & of mayn state.
a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. A2 In courts of Kings where state is ouerturnd.
1608 G. Chapman Conspiracie Duke of Byron iv. i. 114 You make all state before Utterly obsolete.
c1640 J. Shirley Contention Ajax & Ulisses (1659) 127 The glories of our blood and state.
1779 H. Cowley Albina i. 8 State, fortune, rank, with all The joys they bring, torn from my eager grasp.
16. Costly and imposing display associated with monarchs and other persons of high rank; splendour, pomp, magnificence (of ceremony, lifestyle, clothing, furniture, buildings, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > splendour > [noun] > magnificence
thrumOE
prideOE
wealc1290
noblessec1330
pompc1330
statec1330
nobletya1387
royaltyc1405
magnificence?1435
gloriousnessc1440
pompousness1447
noblenessc1450
pomperyc1460
triumpha1513
princeliness1545
gorgeousness1549
jollity1549
stateliness1556
proudnessa1586
royalitya1607
splendour1616
grandeur1652
superbiousness1654
splendidnessa1657
lustre1658
superbness1779
pompa1783
splendaciousness1853
magnoliousness1921
the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > splendour, magnificence, or pomp > [noun]
prideOE
nobleyec1300
farec1330
pompc1330
statec1330
rialtya1375
estatec1385
lordliness1440
pompousness1447
noblenessc1450
worthinessc1450
pomperyc1460
affairc1480
gloryc1480
majesty1481
triumpha1513
shine?1529
royalness?1548
sumptuosity1550
triumphing1569
magnificie1570
presence1570
gite1589
equipage1612
majesticalness1613
ceremonya1616
splendour1616
stateliness1637
majesticnessa1643
scheme1647
pageantry1651
grandeur1652
splendidnessa1657
magnanimity1658
magnificency1668
fluster1676
energy1764
pompa1783
panoply1790
pageanting1873
c1330 (?c1300) Amis & Amiloun (Auch.) (1937) l. 1906 (MED) Þat riche douke..As a prince serued..wes Wiþ riche coupes of gold, & he þat brouȝt him to þat state Stode bischet wiþ-outen þe gate..sore of-hungred & cold.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 22 Of his grete state and magestee I think to speke afterwardes.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice v. i. 95 A substitute shines brightly as a King vntill a King be by, and then his state empties it selfe, as doth an inland brooke into the maine of waters. View more context for this quotation
1617 J. Chamberlain Let. 15 Mar. in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) I. 466 Our new lord keeper goes with great state, having a world of followers put upon him.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 226 Double Masques, one of Men, another of Ladies, addeth State, and Variety.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) i. 24 The Brasen-Andirons stand only for state, to entertain the Eyes.
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. vi. 46 In pomp ride forth: for pomp becomes the great, And Majesty derives a grace from State.
1729 W. Law Serious Call ii. 20 Or remove him from a shop to a life of state and pleasure.
1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. IV. 276 The former duke..had fifty gentlemen of the bed-chamber; however that state could not have been kept up, had the salaries been on the same extravagant footing as in other Courts.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Lord of Burleigh in Poems (new ed.) II. 202 Ancient homes of lord and lady, Built for pleasure and for state.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 354 The gilded coach, indeed, which is now annually admired by the crowd, was not yet a part of his state.
1915 Eng. Hist. Rev. Jan. 168 The royal vault where he [sc. Charles I] had been laid with so little state after his execution.
1990 M. J. Morris Shakespeare made Easy p. ix Lear..wants all the pomp and state of a functioning monarch.
17.
†a. A raised chair with a canopy, used by a monarch or ruler; a throne. Cf. estate n. 4d, state bed n. at Compounds 3a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > [noun] > seat of office or authority
seldc825
stoolc897
high settlec950
seatc1175
benchc1330
stool1390
chair1393
stall1399
estatea1475
chair of state1498
statea1500
office chaira1715
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 1729 (MED) In to a state they hym brought.
?a1500 in F. J. Furnivall Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) i. 89 (MED) On the lyfte hond off the qwene The kyng off Scottes yn A State.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. v. 381 This chaire shall be my state . View more context for this quotation
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 391 The Pope..sitting on an elevated state, or Throne.
1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull Still in Senses i. 7 As she affected not the Grandeur of a State with a Canopy, she thought there was no Offence in an Elbow-Chair.
1843 J. M. Neale & B. Webb tr. G. Durand Symbolism of Churches 58 When on a state or lofty throne [L. picta, vt residens in throno, seu in solio excelso], We be taught His present power.
b. The canopy of such a chair or throne. historical and rare in later use.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > [noun] > seat of office or authority > canopy over
state1626
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > chair > [noun] > parts of chairs > canopy
state1626
1626 F. Bacon New Atlantis 22 in Sylua Syluarum Ouer the Chaire is a State, made Round or Ouall.
1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. B2v Over the which a State was drawne Of Tiffanie, or Cob-web Lawne.
1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 121 At the upper end hangeth a rich State overshaddowing the greater part of a large Throne.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 445 His high Throne, which under state Of richest texture spred, at th' upper end Was plac't. View more context for this quotation
1760 T. Gray Let. 2 Sept. in Corr. (1971) II. 701 In St. John's Library is what I take for the original of Lady Margaret, kneeling at her oratory under a state.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ix, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 236 The King had moved..to the cushioned chair, which, under a state or canopy, stood prepared for his accommodation.
1998 A. Kernan in D. L. Weeks & J. Hoogestraat Time, Memory & Verbal Arts 158 The ‘state’, the canopy covering the royal chairs.
†18.
a. Noble dignity of manner or behaviour; dignified appearance; stateliness of bearing. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > proper pride or self-respect > [noun] > dignity
lordliness1440
portliness1530
majesty1531
stateliness1541
state1557
regality1582
decorum1589
grandeur1615
port1633
statefulness1655
dignity1667
consequence1793
statelihood1845
1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. Z.iv His youth, his sport, his pleasant chere, His courtly state and company, In him so straungly altred were.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Astrophel & Stella (1591) 46 Who hath the eyes which marrie state with pleasure.
1616 B. Jonson Epicœne ii. i, in Wks. I. 539 This is not, onely, fit modestie in a seruant, but good state, and discretion in a master. View more context for this quotation
1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. vi. 164 True, there is a state sometimes in decent plainnesse.
1757 T. Gray Ode I i. iii, in Odes 7 In gliding state she wins her easy way.
1761 C. Churchill Night 7 How many from appearance borrow state.
1808 W. Scott Marmion v. xxxi. 290 The Abbess, seeing strife was vain, Assumed her wonted state again,—For much of state she had.
b. Dignified observance of form or ceremony. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > ceremony or formality > [noun]
with or in (great, etc.) solemnityc1290
ceremonialc1380
circumstancec1386
celebrityc1425
pomposity?a1475
solemness1530
state1599
fashionableness1608
ceremoniality1623
decorum1638
setness1642
formality1666
ceremonialnessa1680
formalness1684
gravity1689
solemn1706
ceremony1759
panjandrum1860
1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 6 The royall magnificence of her gouernement, that for state and strict ciuill ordering, scant admitteth any riuals.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies vi. xii. 455 They observed one custome very great & full of state.
1642 T. Fuller Holy State i. vii. 17 The lion out of state will not run whilst any one looks upon him.
1671 tr. R. Fréjus Relation Voy. Mauritania 82 Although the King very well understood the interpretation of my Discourse given by Jacob Pariente, nevertheless, as a piece of State, Cheq Amar..repeated unto him the words.
1772 A. Dow Hist. Hindostan 400 Though he entertained many women, according to the custom of his country, it was only for state.
1865 J. S. Le Fanu Wylder's Hand xlvi. 279 A tall, powdered footman..came respectfully to announce that his master desired to see Mr. Larkin. Larkin's soul sneered at this piece of state.
** A person or class of people of a particular rank.
†19. A class, rank, order, sort, or group of people; a profession or occupation. Also: the members of a class or profession considered collectively. Cf. estate n. 5. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > [noun] > distinction of class > level or grade
mannishOE
placec1330
state1340
gree1382
conditionc1384
sectc1384
sortc1386
ordera1400
raff?a1400
degreea1425
countenancec1477
faction?1529
estate1530
race1563
calibre1567
being1579
coat1579
rang1580
rank1585
tier1590
classis1597
strain1600
consequence1602
regiment1602
sept1610
standinga1616
class1629
species1629
nome1633
quality1636
sort1671
size1679
situation1710
distinction1721
walk of life1733
walk1737
stage1801
strata1805
grade1808
caste1816
social stratum1838
station1842
stratum1863
echelon1950
society > occupation and work > [noun] > regular occupation, trade, or profession
workeOE
mysteryc1390
facultyc1405
business1477
industrya1500
roomc1500
trade1525
pursuit1529
function1533
calling1539
profession?1552
vocation1553
entertainment1568
station1574
qualitya1586
employment1598
way of lifea1616
state1625
cloth1656
avocation1660
setworka1661
employ1669
estate1685
walk of life?1746
walk1836
society > occupation and work > worker > [noun] > one following specific occupation > those engaged in specific occupation collectively
faculty1511
vocation1567
function1574
state1625
trade1793
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 122 Alsuo ase ine heuene heþ þri stages of uolke... In þo manere..heþ he þri states of godes zone ine erþe.
?c1430 (c1383) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 25 (MED) Generaly ypocrisie regneþ among alle statis of cristen men.
a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 3615 (MED) Lytyl and mekyl, þe more and þe les, All þe statys of þe werld is at myn renoun.
1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) i. 170 Caus everye stait to þair vocatioun go.
?1589 Whip for an Ape sig. A2 This iesting Jacke..With his Asse heeles presumes all States to strike.
1596 Shirburn Ballads lx. 3 They comforted our ould men; they spared our feeble women; noe state they did abuse.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 174 Neither is that State [L. illa pars populi]..to be passed ouer; I meane the State of Free Seruants and Attendants vpon Noblemen and Gentlemen.
1729 W. Law Serious Call vi. 79 The holiness of Christianity consecrates all states and employments of life unto God.
1787 R. Johnson tr. A. Berquin Looking-Glass for Mind xxiii. 130 The sentiments, which now animate you in that middling state, in which it has pleased heaven to place you.
20. A (specified) order or class of people regarded as part of the body politic, and as such participating in its government; = estate n. 6a. Also in state of the realm. Now historical.Estate is the more usual term. For discussion of the varying divisions of the body politic, see note at estate n. 6a.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > [noun] > distinction of class > level or grade > specific body politic
state1399
society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun]
commona1382
commontya1382
policya1393
communitya1398
commonweal?a1400
politic1429
commonwealth1445
well public1447
public thinga1450
public weala1470
body politica1475
weal-public1495
statea1500
politic bodyc1537
body1545
public state1546
civil-wealth1547
republic?1549
state1553
polity1555
publica1586
estate1605
corps politic1696
negara1955
negeri1958
1399 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1399 Pleas §9. m. 2 Salvacioun and seurete of other states of the reaume.
c1484 J. de Caritate tr. Secreta Secret. (Takamiya) (1977) 133 Þe kynge schal apper but onys in þe yer..syttyng vppon a stede..and þan þe statys of þe reme [L. nobiles] and hys baronnys a-bowght hym.
a1500 (?c1400) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 184 Þer ben in þe Chirche þre statis þat God haþe ordeyned; state of prestis, and state of knyȝtis, and þe þridd is staat of comunys.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 283 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 103 So yat ye spirituale staite And ye secular consait Mycht all gang in a gait.
1553 Q. Jane in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. ii. 4 This our most lawful Possession of the Crown, with the free Consent of the Nobility of our Realm and other the States of the same.
1562 N. Winȝet Wks. I. 5 The maist part of vs of the Eclesiasticall Stait.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 112 For their Prelates;..The danger is not from that State, but where it hath a dependance of forraine Authority.
1667–84 E. Chamberlayne Present State Eng. i. 241 All the subjects of England are divided into Clergy and Laity, the Laity subdivided into Nobility and Commonalty. These are called Ordines Regni, or the Three States.
1700 D. Hume Diary Parl. Scotl. (Bannatyne Club) 3 Proceeded to chuse 9 of every State for the Committee of Security.
1781 Parl. Reg. 1781–96 II. 15 Each branch of the legislature, each of the three states ought to have its share of independency.
1822 J. Lanigan Eccl. Hist. Irel. II. xiii. 289 The saint..paid him a visit and advised him to embrace the clerical state.
1847 G. L. Craik & C. MacFarlane Pict. Hist. Eng. VI. ii. i. 320/2 The nobles all rose and immediately quitted the diet in a body, leaving the king and the other three states together.
1907 Mrs. P. Gibbs tr. A. Baudrillart Catholic Church, Renaissance & Protestantism v. 145 The States-General..included deputies of all the orders in considerable numbers—forty-nine from the clergy, twenty-four from the nobility, and fifty-five from the Third State.
2010 J. M. Anderson Honorable Burden of Public Office v. 133 A French–Scottish marriage would subvert the lawful heirs of the Scottish blood to the crown, and..deprive the barons and states of the realm of their inheritance.
21.
a. In plural (usually with the and capital initial). A legislative assembly in which the various estates (estate n. 6a) of the body politic are represented; the princes, dukes, nobles, etc., together with the delegates of the several classes, chief cities, etc., of a country, assembled in a parliament or diet. Also (esp. in the 16th and 17th cent.): spec. = States General n. 1. Now historical, except in the titles of the parliaments of Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney. Cf. estate n. 6b.Similar assemblies governed France before the Revolution of 1789, Scotland before the Union of 1707, and the Holy Roman Empire (and its several members), among others.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > part of > collectively
states1399
the (three) estates of the realm1559
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [noun] > estates of the realm
states1399
States General1567
estates1621
placitum1706
1399 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1399 Pleas §9. m. 2 By fore the kyng and alle the states in this present parlement.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 196 (MED) All þe lordis and states of þe parlement mad her new othis to be trewe ligemen to her kyng.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. clxxxiijv The .xxi. day of July the Princes and states [L. principes ac ordines] all go to themperoure.
1560 T. Gresham in J. W. Burgon Life & Times Sir T. Gresham (1839) I. 298 They say playne here, that the States of the lande [sc. the Low Countries] will never consent to have war with Ingland.
1587 in Acts Privy Council (1897) XIV. 306 An agreement made between the Erle of Leycester and the Deputies of the States of the United Provinces.
1618 First Order of Council in P. Falle Acct. Isle of Jersey (1694) vi. 194 194 There shall be no Assembly of the States without the Consent of the Governor.
1670 R. Coke Disc. Trade 2 Who are the Dutch States? They who govern Trade in the United Netherlands.
?c1682 J. Warburton Treat. Hist. Guernsey (1822) 77 The assembly of the States is composed of the bailiff and jurats, the ministers of each parish, and the constables, who represent the rest of the inhabitants of their parish.
1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xii. 228 The States, especially those of Holland, let fall somewhat every day in their Councils, and Consultations, that the King's residing in the Hague would be very inconvenient to them.
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 55 When the states were assembled at Rennes.
1828 P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. I. 68 The States of Scotland undertook, before receiving their queen, to find security to the King of England, that the said lady should not marry without his counsel and consent.
1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) I. 133 The States of the empire gradually assembled in Lindau.
1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands iv. xxiii. 526 In Jersey, besides the Royal Court, there is only one Assembly. It is called the States... In Guernsey,..the States consist of two bodies, one called the Elective and the other the Deliberative States.
1915 F. M. Hueffer When Blood is their Argument i. ii. 25 The Elector Frederick William III in 1701, in an assembly of the States, was accorded the title of King in Prussia.
1980 Antiquaries Jrnl. 60 158 The re-excavation of the Dehus chambered mound..undertaken for the States of Guernsey by Sir Robert Mond.
2007 M. Barone Our First Revol. iii. 34 In 1662 the States of Holland and Zeeland prohibited the appointment of William to any office for six years.
†b. In plural. Individual delegates or members of the States General (States General n. 1). Obsolete.Not always distinguishable from sense 21a.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > in the Netherlands > members of
states1575
1575 A. Golding tr. Iustification Prince of Orendge 8 To win the attendance & sute of all the states.
1590 R. Williams Briefe Disc. Warre 55 Although our masters the States be for the most part honest and vertuous personages.
1618 D. Carleton Lett. (1775) 259 For his adjuncts..he will have four of the states, whereof two shall be of Holland,..one of Zealand, and one of Friesland.
1653 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 8 I have spoken with several of the States here touching their expediting an Ambassador into Germany.
1705 J. Dunton Life & Errors iv. 212 When there's any Synod call'd, two of the States are always present to watch 'em that they mayn't meddle with the Government, and if the Clergy do but drop a word that has any reference that way, the States immediately cry, Ho la Miin Heeren Predicanten!
1767 ‘Coriat Junior’ Another Traveller! I. 103 [Public canal-barge from Ostend to Bruges]. The cabin in the stern is always reserved for the states of the province and is therefore called the States-cabin.
†22.
a. A person of high rank, status, or importance; a dignitary; a noble, lord, or prince; = estate n. 3c. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > one who is important > one of high rank
statec1449
top people1752
anybody1802
celestitude1824
big bug1826
wig1828
celestiality1837
(the) salt of the earth1842
high-up1882
big-timer1917
V.I.P.1933
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > [noun] > person of
proudOE
higha1200
estate1399
honourablea1450
statec1449
dignitya1525
high and mighty1576
palasinc1580
titular1605
sublimity1610
dignitary1672
person of condition1673
figure1692
title1817
titulary1824
Hon.1836
high-up1882
high-ranker1899
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 426 (MED) Such lordschip as worldli princis and worldli vndir hem, dukis and othere statis, ben woned to holde and vse bi tyranry vpon her netherers.
?1490 Rule St. Benet (Caxton) 126 Yf we shulde make ony suggestion to a state temporall, we wolde not presume to doo it but with mekenes & reuerence.
a1500 (?c1400) Song of Roland (1880) l. 22 With-in xvj days thedur he wille hym hye, And all the hethyn statis in his company.
1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. xxxv Some thynkes hym selfe a gentylman or state Though he a knaue caytyf and bonde churle be.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 69 The grittest stait that wes in all that stound, In his bodie buir mony deidlie wound.
1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 4th Serm. sig. Nvi Thys faith is a great state, a Ladye, a Duches.
1560 J. Heywood Fourth Hundred Epygrams lxxxi. sig. Bvii In sommer when states syt from fyre in the coole.
1639 P. Massinger Unnaturall Combat iii. i. sig. F Our great Admirall With other states being invited ghests.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 387 The bold design Pleas'd highly those infernal States . View more context for this quotation
a1720 J. Hughes tr. Lucan in Poems on Several Occasions (1735) I. 209 Grant that our Birth's obscure; yet, shall we need Kings or rich States confed'rate to the Deed?
b. The lords, nobles, or high-ranking persons of a realm considered collectively; a ruling body consisting of such persons, a government, grand council, or court. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun] > the rulers of a nation
state1574
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [noun] > ruling body of nobles
state1574
1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. iii. vi. §182 Thoughe they myghte be counted Optimates, yet bycause moste thyngs..were doone by the consente of the people, therefore the state..was ‘popular’.
1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades iv. 64 I know ere long Troy shal to wracke, & Priam with his state Shal passe the sword.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 v. ii. 141 Our coronation done, we wil accite..all our state . View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. ii. 97 The Duke himselfe, Or any of my Brothers of the State . View more context for this quotation
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 8 That Kingdome was..peaceable and quiet, (so as any the greatest Lord called by letter or messenger, readily came to the State there..).
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 12 Sir Henrie Bagnoll, Marshall of Ireland, had formerly exhibited to the State diuers articles of treason practised by the Earle of Tyrone, who now would not come to the State without a protection.
†23.
a. In plural. The magnates, dignitaries, or authorities of a town or district. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > [noun] > magistrates and civic dignitaries
statesa1475
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 659 Henry, kyng of Englond..charged to all statis and to the baillifs of Gloucestre [etc.].
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 3 When þe Meyre and þe statys sawe þis doyng.
1517 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 397 After the election of the Maior a Michalmas daye..all the stattes and worship[f]ull shall ffolowe the Mayor to his doore.
a1525 (?1421) Coventry Leet Bk. (1907) I. 35 To the reuerent and wurschipfull states that her byn, and to all wurthy men of this grett lete.
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxvii. vi. 315 He had given commandement that the States [margin. or principall Burgesses Ordines, or Senators] of three townes should be massacred.
b. The governing body of a town; the magnates, dignitaries, or authorities of a town or district considered collectively. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > local government body > [noun] > town or borough council
corporation1463
Common Council1467
consulatea1513
state1516
town council1637
commonality1649
regency1704
communa1711
municipality1790
municipal corporation1833
commune1837
borough council1879
municipy1882
1516 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 396 Every of the statte of this town, when they are warnid to come to the courte-housse, shall sit every man acording his degre and callinge.
1575 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 377 Dysobedyens wch they have commytted agaynst Mr. Mayor and the state of thys Cytie.
1582 Burgh Rec. in J. Campbell Church & Parish Kirkcaldy (1904) 63 Yat ye kirk dykes be putt upe and keepit at ye syt of ye steat and ye assemblie.
1638 R. Brathwait Barnabees Journall (new ed.) iii. sig. Y1 Thence to Kendall, pure her state is, Prudent too her Magistrate is.
1680 (title) The State of the city of London, and their humble desires upon the bill for restoring their charters and liberties.
III. A commonwealth or polity, and related senses.
†24. With of. The community of people in the church, a country, realm, etc., considered with regard to its welfare and polity; the condition of prosperity, order, and settled government belonging to such a community. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > [noun]
selthc888
healc950
wealOE
goder-heala1225
prosperity?c1225
wealtha1300
statec1300
healtha1325
welfare1357
theedom1362
wealfulnessc1374
bonchiefa1387
felicity1393
boota1400
wella1400
wealsc1400
well-doingc1440
prosperancea1460
happiness?1473
quartfulness1483
brightnessa1500
goodnessa1500
sonsea1500
thriftiness?1529
prosperation1543
well-being1561
prosperousness1600
fair world1641
thrivingness1818
goldenness1829
palminess1875
society > faith > aspects of faith > religion > a religion or church > [noun] > condition > with regard to welfare or polity
statec1300
c1300 St. Dominic (Laud) l. 92 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 280 He þouȝte þat þe stat of holi churche swuyþe i-febled were And þat cristine-dom in Manie studes in riȝt guod stat it nere.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 199 Þis Gracianus, whanne he sigh þat [the] staat of þe empere was almost afalle [L. statum rei publicae paene collapsum].
a1400 (?c1300) Lay Folks Mass Bk. (Royal) (1879) l. 361 Lord, þenk on þo state of holy kirk.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 535 For the helth of the sowles of her lord Geffrey..and her, and for the state of the kyngdome of Englond.
a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 11 And also ȝe schull pray for þe state of all holy chyrch.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxviiv Let vs praie for the whole state of Christes churche.
1573 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 271 And sall do nor attempt na thing..aganis the stait of the Christiane religioun publictlie precheit and establishit within this realme.
1587 R. Crompton Short Declar. End Traytors sig. Eij Ye great benefits & profittes which growe by ye same [sc. law and justice] to the Common wealth & state of euerie kingdome.
a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie viii. vi. §8 As now the state of the Church doth stand.
1608 W. Shakespeare Richard II iv. i. 215 These greeuous crimes, Committed by your person, and your followers, Against the State and profit of this Land.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iv. xlv. 365 He [sc. Romulus] would be propitious to the State of their new City.
25. A community of people living in a defined territory and organized under its own government; a commonwealth, a nation. Also occasionally: the territory occupied by such a community.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > [noun]
countryc1300
nationc1330
languagec1384
peoplec1485
statea1500
nationa1616
nationality1832
society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun]
commona1382
commontya1382
policya1393
communitya1398
commonweal?a1400
politic1429
commonwealth1445
well public1447
public thinga1450
public weala1470
body politica1475
weal-public1495
statea1500
politic bodyc1537
body1545
public state1546
civil-wealth1547
republic?1549
state1553
polity1555
publica1586
estate1605
corps politic1696
negara1955
negeri1958
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > territory governed by a ruler or state
demesnea1387
principalitya1398
territory?a1439
dominationc1440
statea1500
dominion1512
dition1542
heretochy1587
domain1601
sovereignty1715
possession1797
daimiote1870
ealdormanry1870
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. l. 888 Þe law..Qwhar wiþ rewllyt [a1530 Royal was rewlyt] þe Iowis state.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 760 Such a pestilent Serpent is ambition,..which among states where he once entereth, creepeth so farre forth, till with diuision and variaunce he turneth all to mischiefe.
1587 R. Crompton Short Declar. End Traytors sig. Eij For there is no Common wealth, state, or societie of man kind, that can continue, where there is not superiority or preheminence in gouernment.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 176 Never any State was..so open to receive Strangers, into their Body, as were the Romans.
1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces ii. 75 Each of these Provinces is likewise composed of many little States or Cities, which have several marks of Soveraign Power within themselves, and are not subject to the Soveraignty of their Province.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy Pref. sig. A3v Lassels may be useful in giving us the Names of such Writers as have treated of the several States through which he pass'd.
1781 W. Jones Ode in Imit. Alcæus 1 What constitutes a State?
1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands III. 351 The state of Parma, formed of the three duchies of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla, is divided into five provinces.
1880 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 190/2 The theory of international law contemplates the world as divided into independent states... States are sovereign within their own territories, independent of other states, and equal as between themselves.
1948 Times 15 Dec. 3/1 The events of recent months..have proved the vitality and military strength of the Israeli State.
1984 R. E. Bissell in R. E. Bissell & M. S. Radu Afr. in Post-decolonialization Era 12 Virtually every state in Africa has had an attempted or successful military coup.
2006 C. Ingebritsen Scand. in World Politics iii. 46 The Finns became the first Scandinavian state to adopt the euro when it was introduced in 2002.
26. Usually with the and capital initial.
a. The body politic as organized for supreme civil rule and government; the political organization which is the basis of civil government. Hence: the supreme civil power or government of a country or nation; the group of people collectively engaged in exercising or administering this.Used without article in compounds and prepositional phrases (see of state at Phrases 4b, Compounds 2a(b), etc.).In quot. a1616 figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun]
statea1538
governmenta1544
Gov.1587
Caesar1601
secularity1630
administration1649
govt.1705
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 33 The kyng prynce & rular of the state... The governance of the commynalty & polytyke state... He or they wych have authoryte apon the hole state.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 36 Whether the state of the commynalty, be governyd by a prynce, by certayn wyse men, or by the hole multytude.
1590 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 179 For the better understanding of the trewthe of matters agenst her Maiestie and the Stayte.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) v. v. 224 In Loue, the heauens themselues do guide the state . View more context for this quotation
1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 8 As one that hauing beene somtimes an Enimie to the whole State, and a Proscribed person.
1642 J. M. Reply to Answer 40 The State hath an interest Paramount in every mans private property.
1736 W. Warburton Alliance between Church & State iii. i. 115 No other Provision can be made than engaging the Protection of the State.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. i. ii. 146 Of magistrates also some are supreme, in whom the sovereign power of the state resides; others are subordinate, deriving all their authority from the supreme magistrate.
1834 T. Arnold Let. 30 Apr. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) I. vii. 376 The State, being the only power sovereign over human life, has for its legitimate object the happiness of its people.
1879 M. Arnold Democracy in Mixed Ess. 42 The State is properly..the nation in its collective and corporate character.
1891 C. Lowe in 19th Cent. Dec. 858 The railways..in Prussia are now all in the hands of the State.
1911 Q. Rev. July 198 The provision for old age in our system is non-contributory and wholly paid by the State.
1966 K. R. Popper Open Society & its Enemies (rev. ed.) I. vi. 111 The state should see that all educational facilities are available to everybody.
2009 J. N. K. Mansell Flag State Responsibility iv. 38 A need arose for the State to intervene and establish standards for construction, loading, operation and navigation of ships.
b. Contrasted with church (also occasionally kirk, mosque, etc.), with reference to the separation of political and ecclesiastical authorities. Cf. church n.1 6a, Church and State n. at church n.1 and adj. Phrases 6a.
ΚΠ
1572 J. Whitgift Answere to Admon. 147 I would rather die, than be an author of schismes, a disturber of the common peace and quietnesse of the Churche and state.
?1589 Whip for an Ape sig. A3v That is, destroy both Church, and State, and all.
1650 in Sir J. Balfour's Ann. (1825) IV. 146 At last, quhen nather kirke nor staite did giue ther concurrence therin, he deserted the counsailles of the kingdome.
1660 E. Stillingfleet Irenicum ii. iv. §3 To contemporate the Government of the Church to that of the State.
1731 ‘C. Crambo’ Mr. Bowman's Serm. 24 The Church then with the State was twisted.
1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i. 76 By engendering the church with the state.
1845 J. Lingard Hist. & Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church (ed. 3) I. ii. 100 In addition to the rank and rights which the bishop held in the church, he also derived..important privileges from the state.
1882 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. I. 500 Regret that the State ever undertook to coddle the church.
1903 Edinb. Rev. Apr. 454 The oath of membership required fidelity..to the Church as well as the State.
1982 R. H. Jackson & C. G. Rosberg Personal Rule in Black Afr. iii. 94 The relationship between mosque and state in Senegal is not a constitutional union.
2010 Oxoniensia 74 55 The Oxford Movement, fearing the threatened interference of the State in the Church's domain, responded swiftly.
27.
a. A particular (implied or specified) form of political organization or government, as established in a country or territory.† state royal n. Obsolete a monarchy.In quot. a1592 figurative, with reference to a university.See also popular state n.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > [noun]
ordinance?a1400
governance1402
policy?a1439
regimentc1475
frame1529
statea1538
government1553
estate1559
platform1587
polity1590
governail1598
regimen1663
constitution1735
regime1792
system1806
party government1834
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 38 Ther ys the veray & true commyn wele, ther ys the most prosperouse & perfayt state, that in any cuntrey cyte or towne by pollycy & wysdom may be stablyschyd & set.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia (title page) A fruteful and pleasaunt worke of the beste state of a publyque weale.
a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. Bv Now maisters of our Academicke state, That rule in Oxford Vizroies in your place.
?1608 S. Lennard tr. P. Charron Of Wisdome i. xviii. 71 We may compare man to a Commonweale, and the state of the soule to a state royall.
a1680 S. Butler Republican in Char. (1908) 24 And therefore 'tis probable, the State of Venice would be no more the same in any other Country, if introduced, than their Trade of Glassmaking.
1715 E. Ward Hist. Grand Rebellion III. 454 And by these Methods did at once translate The Monarchy, t'an Oligarchick State.
1799 S. Turner Hist. Anglo-Saxons I. ii. vi. 253 Eight Anglo-Saxon governments were established... This state of Britain has been denominated, with great impropriety, the Saxon heptarchy.
1838 Hist. Popery xx. 341 The heads of the League..proclaimed the Duke of Mayenne, brother of the murdered Guise, Lieutenant-General of the State Royal and Crown of France.
1884 Education May 461 Scotland had a democratic church and an aristocratic state.
1912 J. Spargo Appl. Socialism v. 128 If the Socialist State is ever realized at all it will be a development of the capitalist State.
1983 Computerworld Dec. 12 11/4 Computerized information will be..combined with electronic surveillance..to control the population under a totalitarian state.
2010 C. Hedges Death of Liberal Class i. 12 The liberal class..insists on clinging to its positions of privilege while at the same time refusing to play its traditional role within the democratic state.
†b. spec. A republic, a non-monarchical commonwealth. Chiefly with reference to ancient Rome. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > state ruled by the people
democracy1539
commonwealth1542
state1565
free state1567
commonalty1604
republic1604
people-state1606
populacy1632
peopledom1657
commonality1680
rep1701
commonweal1733
pantarchy1870
1565 A. Golding tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia To Rdr. sig. *ivv Iulius Cesar..brought the state of Rome to a monarchie.
1575 Iustification Prince of Orendge To Rdr. sig. A.viii It may playnly appeare, that the state of the lowe Countreys is not an absolute Monarchie or heritable kingdome, after the maner of this Realme, and of Fraunce, and such other like: but a State.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iv. xlv. 365 When Augustus Cæsar changed the State into a Monarchy.
1656 E. Waller To Evelyn 2 Lucretius, with a stork-like fate, Born and translated in a State, Comes to proclaim in English verse No Monarch rules the universe.
1673 J. Dryden Amboyna Prol. sig. av Well Monarchys may own Religions name, But States are Atheists in their very frame.
28.
a. A territory, or one of a number of territories, controlled by a sovereign or a sovereign state, esp. as part of an empire. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > real or immovable property > land > land held by Holy Roman Emperor
state1539
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction or territory of specific rulers or nobles > [noun] > of king or royal ruler
richeeOE
worldricheeOE
kindomeOE
kinrikeOE
kingriklOE
kine-erdc1275
kine-landc1275
kine-thedec1275
reigna1300
kine-earthc1300
realmc1300
kingdoma1325
kinglanda1325
regionc1330
ligeancec1380
regneec1380
realtya1387
royalme1389
kingheada1393
regalty?a1400
rialmec1400
monarchy?a1425
rialtya1425
regaly?a1439
regality1486
richdom?1505
state1539
kingdomshipa1549
sceptre-rule1611
royalty1638
kingship1700
raj1781
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > aggregate of sovereign states under one rule > the Holy Roman or German Empire > part of
state1539
Spanish March1788
1539 T. Cromwell in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 605 The States Protestantes have geven their petition more then 4 dayes passed, but as yet thEmperours Commissioners have geven no answer therto.
a1607 H. Chettle Trag. Hoffman (1631) sig. H4 Si[n]ce neyther Ferdinand, nor Saxony, Haue any heires, to sway their seuerall states; Ile worke what lies in me to make thee Duke.
1775 E. Burke Speech Resol. for Concil. Colonies 28 An Empire is the aggregate of many States, under one common head.
1874 J. L. Motley Life John of Barneveld II. xi. 24 The noblest possible end—..to leave the laws, liberties, and privileges of the States within the Empire in their original condition.
1886 Hazal's Ann. Cycl. 548 The Imperial Army is under the supreme generalship of the [German] Emperor, and there is a minister of war for each state of the Empire.
1893 Marquis of Lansdowne Speeches 228 The Jodhpur State Railway..was opened eight years ago.
1916 Independent 11 Sept. 371/1 The diverse nationalities constituting the Austro-Hungarian States.
1998 D. L. Schneider tr. H. Schulze Germany iii. 78 When Prince Elector Frederick III..crowned himself ‘King in Prussia’ at Königsberg in 1701..his act changed nothing whatsoever in the states he ruled.
b. [After Italian stati, plural of stato, in similar use (14th cent.).] In plural. The various cities and territories constituting an Italian principality or republic, e.g. those of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany or the Republic of Venice. Cf. city-state n. Now historical. States of the Church: the territories in central Italy over which the Pope exercised sovereignty (also in singular). See also Ecclesiastical State(s) at ecclesiastical adj. 2b, Papal State n. at papal adj. and n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Italy > [noun] > Papal States
statesa1571
Ecclesiastical State(s)1689
Papal State1818
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Italy > [noun] > Tuscany and Venice
statesa1571
a1571 J. Jewel Viewe Seditious Bul (1582) 82 He [sc. the Pope] blessed the states of Venice.
1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin Contents sig. *vi The Viceroy and the Colonnois make warre vpon the Pope in the states of the Church.
1605 R. Dallington Suruey Great Dukes State Tuscany 7 How and when the Florentines came impatronized of diuers other states of Tuscany.
1785 European Mag. May 335/1 Her [sc. Russia's] inhabitants, in a comparative view, are less numerous than those of the Papal States.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XV. 381/1 Pope's Dominions, or Ecclesiastical States, a country of Italy, bounded on the north by the gulph of Venice [etc.].
1828 H. D. Best Italy 357 Less persecution has taken place in the States of the Church than in any other state.
1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows i. xxvii. 73 Which..our Florence in her prime Turned boldly on all comers to her states.
1922 D. B. Updike Printing Types II. xix. 162 By 1796, the Pontifical States were invaded by France.
2000 E. Norman in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 209/2 Tendencies to theocracy..had their clearest institutional expression with the states of the church.
†c. [Apparently an isolated use, suggested by the similarity in sound of German Stadt (see stead n.).] A city. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [noun] > comparison of adjectives or adverbs > degree(s) of comparison
degreea1475
degrees of comparison1530
state1795
state1800
1800 S. T. Coleridge tr. F. Schiller Death Wallenstein iii. vii. 69 Say, shall we have the State illuminated [Ger. lassen wir die Stadt erleuchten] In honour of the Swede?
29.
a. Any one of a number of political units which together make up a nation having a supreme federal government, such as that of the United States of America, the Commonwealth of Australia, etc.; (also) the territory occupied by such a unit. Frequently with capital initial.In quot. 1659 apparently with reference to the States General of the Netherlands.United States: see United States n. 2a.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > a union or confederacy of states > state forming part of a confederation
state1659
society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > a union or confederacy of states > state forming part of a confederation > of U.S.A.
state1659
1659 Occurr. Forraigne Parts No. 34. 423 (advt.) The House stands very gracefully upon an ascent within half a quarter of a mile of the River Medway, where the States ships ride within a mile of the City of Rochester.
?1774 T. Jefferson Writings (1892) I. 420 A proper device (instead of arms) for the American states united would be the Father presenting the bundle of rods to his son.
1776 G. Washington Let. 9 July in G. Washington Papers (1993) Revolutionary War Ser. V. 253 I hope the good People of your Colony or State [sc. Massachusetts] will be ready..to fly to our assistance.
1777 A. Hamilton Let. 20 Apr. in Papers (1961) I. 234 A treaty..between the Court of France & the states of America.
1816 H. Wheaton Rep. Supreme Court U.S. 1 91 A citizen of a territory cannot sue a citizen of a state, in the courts of the United States.
1887 S. A. Drake Making of Great West ii. ii. 214 Louisiana came into the Union in 1812, so making it the eighteenth State in the order of succession.
1901 Empire Rev. 1 443 The governors of Australian colonies, or states as they are now called.
1907 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 22 Mar. 504/2 The main wealth of the Federated Malay States consists of their unrivalled deposits of tin ore.
1973 N. R. Peirce Great Plains States of Amer. 187 Driving through the state [of South Dakota], I saw many vacant farm buildings.
2008 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 24 June a6/2 In the state of Missouri, Bigfoot is known as ‘Momo’.
b. In plural with the and capital initial. Originally: the states (sense 29a) of the United States of America considered collectively. Later (colloquial): = United States n. 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States
states1776
United States1776
Yankee-land1803
God's own country1807
U.S.1834
Yankland1834
yankeedoodledom1845
Yankeedom1851
the land of the free1884
land of opportunity1948
U.S. of A.1973
1776 R. H. Lee Let. 21 July (1911) I. 210 As well for the honor of Congress, as for that of the States.
1777 J. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 301 The enemy are in possession of the Head of Elk,..in which they found a quantity of corn and oats belonging to the States.
1846 R. H. Bonnycastle Canada & Canadians in 1846 I. xi. 63 Irish canal men..cross over from the States to Canada, or vice versa, as work or whim dictates.
1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh v. 202 Delia Dobbs, the lecturer from ‘the States’ Upon the ‘Woman's Question’.
1890 A. Lang Life Sir S. Northcote II. 25 He thus found himself a prophet in the States, if not in his own country.
1945 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 22 May 2/8 The Forty-fifth Division's ‘most shot up soldier to return alive’ is back in the States.
1976 T. Williams Let. 29 Jan. in Five O'Clock Angel (1991) 337 I will be back in the States sometime in April if I survive the island-hopping.
2006 Managem. Today Jan. 13/1 My wife, astonished by how cheap things were in the States as a result of the over-strong pound, was at a mall buying the children's winter clothes.
c. Law (chiefly U.S.). Usually with the and capital initial. The prosecution representing a state (sense 29a) in a criminal case. Cf. people n. 3d.The equivalent of the Crown in a British law case: see crown n. 6.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > [noun] > one who accuses of crime > the prosecution
Reg.1622
king1675
queen1713
Reginaa1715
rexa1715
crown1725
prosecution1746
state1783
people1801
1783 S.-Carolina Gaz. & Gen. Advertiser 7 June At a court of general sessions of the peace..for the district of Charlestown, came on to be tried..the following causes, viz. The State, vs. James Philips, murder. The State, vs. John Young, murder.
1857 Amer. Law Reg. 6 128 The case of State vs. Manuel, decided by the Supreme Court of North Carolina.
1899 Pacific Reporter 54 868/2 [If] what the state pleaded by way of defense..has been sufficiently established.
1925 J. T. Scopes World's Most Famous Court Trial 112 Are there any further preliminary matters, before the jury is sworn?..Gen. Stewart—The state is ready.
1982 R. W. Shuy in D. Tannen Analyzing Disc. 113 The evidence presented by the defense in the case of the State vs. Arthur Jones.
2012 West Australian (Perth) (Nexis) 25 Aug. 59 Mr Agius estimated the State would close its case in about three weeks.
30. In elliptical use.
†a. = state letter n. at Compounds 3a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] > official letter
missive letter1444
missive1590
state letter1603
state1880
official1884
1880 R. Hill & G. B. Hill Hist. Penny Postage in Life R. Hill II. ii. xviii. 107 Sorting out the letters for Government and foreign ambassadors resident in London, letters technically called ‘States’.
b. U.S. colloquial. Chiefly with distinguishing word: = state university n. at Compounds 3a.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > college or university > [noun] > university > types of
state college1806
state university1811
Oxbridge1849
Camford1850
state1899
multiversity1926
Ivy League1939
red brick1943
televersity1950
televarsity1961
1899 Michigan Alumnus June 379/1 Alumni will remember that the 'Varsity had a row at Ohio State some three years ago, and were rather roughly handled at Columbus.
1915 St. Nicholas Nov. 59/3 (caption) An end who scored all points, three touchdowns for his team against Kentucky State, Nov., 1914.
1975 J. Wyllie Butterfly Flood (1977) xxiv. 177 I can outswim you any time at all. I used to swim for Penn State.
2009 D. Pedroia & E. J. Delaney Born to Play iii. 38 It would be awesome to get a scholarship and all, but Sac State?
c. U.S. colloquial. Without article. Chiefly in school sport: a statewide championship or competition.
(a) In singular. Originally regional (Texas).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] > types of
all comersc1450
after-gamea1500
fore-game1594
revenge1616
plate1639
set-to1743
return match1753
bye1754
scrub-race1791
anybody's game (also race, match)1826
return1834
barney1843
bonspiel1858
handicap1861
pennant1865
home-and-home1868
benefit match1871
run-off1873
international1877
American tournament1878
Grand Prix1879
single1884
friendly1885
all-comers1889
pair1890
championship1893
round robin1894
replay1895
Olympiad1896
junior varsity1902
lightning tournament1903
rematch1903
road trip1903
pickup1905
freestyle1906
marathon1908
test1908
Derby1909
scrimmage1910
eliminator1911
twosome1911
triala1914
quadrangular1916
slug-fest1916
varsity match1921
needle contest1922
curtain jerker1923
needle match1923
open1926
needle fight1927
knock-out1928
shirt1930
masters1933
pro-amateur1934
tune-up1934
World Cup1934
pro-am1937
state1941
sizzler1942
runathon1943
mismatch1954
run-out1955
match-up1959
squeaker1961
triple-header1961
Super Bowl1967
invitational1968
needle game1970
major1976
slobberknocker1986
1941 Pampa (Texas) News 4 Mar. 5/1 (heading) Band and yell leaders to perform; Harvesters have good chance to win state.
1957 Midcounty Rev. (Nederland, Texas) 9 Aug. 1/4 I do not understand how Nederland was selected to win State having lost so many outstanding players..last year.
1987 Lawrence (Kansas) Jrnl. World 21 Jan. 3 a/2 (caption) Lawrence High School debaters who won the regional tournament last weekend and who will go to state this weekend.
1990 H. G. Bissinger Friday Night Lights Prologue 2 If Permian won, it..[had] a chance to make it all the way, to go to State.
2002 Santa Fe New Mexican 15 Feb. d3/1 She is also the No. 1 seed in both the 50 and 100 freestyle at state this weekend.
(b) In plural. Cf. national n. 7a, regional n. 1b.
ΚΠ
1972 Bedford (Pa.) Gaz. 4 May 5/2 Hamilton, who was to win states two years later, breezed through regionals 6-1 and 8-3.
1989 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 15 Apr. 4 I want to win states more than anything in my life, even more than nationals.
1990 Huntingdon (Pa.) Daily News 5 Oct. 10/2 A student must win districts to go to state competition. He or she must then win states to go to the national competition.
2002 T. Greenwood Undressing Moon 83 My brother's on the team, too. He says Quinn might place at States this year.
d. U.S. colloquial (without article and with capital initial). = State Department n. at Compounds 3a.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government department or agency > [noun] > U.S. government department or agency > specific
Navy Department1779
State Department1790
Indian bureau1824
Bureau of Indian Affairs1826
department of state1890
consumer unit1933
Foggy Bottom1947
state1952
U.S.I.A.1953
Ginnie Mae1968
1952 Billboard 2 Feb. 2/3 The subcommittee isn't doing hand-springs over the State Department's paper re-organization of its global set-up. Lawmakers want to know if State intends to do some actual reforming.
1979 H. Kissinger White House Years ii. 29 The new President wanted to change the negotiating instructions on Vietnam drafted at State that reflected the approach of the previous Administration.
2003 Wall St. Jrnl. 20 Aug. a10/2 Colombian commanders must get the approval of the Narcotics Affairs section at State for every helicopter use involving the rebel war.
IV. Property; possession.
31. Property, possessions; a person's private means or income; = estate n. 12. Now rare (English regional in later use). [In later use perhaps showing an independent origin as an aphetic variant of estate n. (as apparently assumed by the spelling 'state in quot. 1900); compare also statesman n.1 2.]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > a person's collective property or substance
thingOE
chattela1240
cattlec1275
i-wonc1275
moneya1325
tilea1325
statec1330
thrifta1350
substancea1382
chevance1477
graith?a1513
estate1563
wortha1586
thrive1592
fortune1596
store1600
boodle1699
circumstancea1704
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 3483 (MED) Now haþ Beues al is stat.
a1449 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 779 Ne were the plough no staat myght endure; The large feeldys shulde be bareyn.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 259 The temporale stait to gryp and gather, The sone disheris wald the father.
1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 129 A great state left to an heire, is as a lure to al the birds of prey round about, to seise on him.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iii. iv. 5 My state being gall'd with my expence.
1634 W. Wood New Englands Prospect i. xii. 55 There are some noble spirits that devote their states, and their persons, to the common good of their king and country.
1694 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 448 He kept his coach and horses, and had no visible state.
1790 A. Wheeler Westmorland Dial. 75 Yee kna heeas a Staat, an nae daut will be for a girt Portion.
1900 W. Dickinson & E. W. Prevost Gloss. Dial. Cumberland (rev. ed.) 312/2 'State, the land or property of a statesman.
32. Law.
a. The claim or stake which a person has in a property; a person's right or title to property; = estate n. 11a. Now archaic and rare.In quot. 1616 figurative.Estate is the more usual term.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal concepts > [noun] > interest > in property
statea1400
term1424
estate1439
real estatea1642
chattel-interest1767
a1400 in K. W. Engeroff Untersuchung ‘Usages of Winchester’ (1914) 92 Ȝef he is out of londe fowrty dayȝes and ȝif he at his day comeþ, habbe he shal þat ylke stat þat he shulde haue y-had ȝif he hadde be present þe day þat his eldere deyde.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 613 Aliz wynnynge..surrendred to þe Abbas & couent of Godestowe all þe state, þat she had of the same Abbas & couent.
1501 Will of John Hutton (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/13) f. 116v Lond..in the which I haue a state.
1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xi. f. 15v Where they haue no state of inherytaunce.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. xi. sig. X2 He..bad Deliuer him his owne,..To which they had no right, nor any wrongfull state . View more context for this quotation
1616 B. Jonson Epigrammes lxx, in Wks. I. 787 He makes a state In life, that can employ it.
1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 25 in Justice Vindicated Do or Dedi, to A. and the heires of his body lawfully begotten,..creates a state taile.
1770 London Mag. 39 App. 671/1 Henry of Bolinbroke..was the last who had a state of inheritance in this high office [sc. the office of Lord High Steward of England].
1826 T. C. Banks Geneal. Hist. Divers Families: Suppl. to Dormant & Extinct Baronage App. to Vol. II. 33 No state in fee was acquired under the said writ of summons.
1917 Ohio Nisi Prius Rep. 19 274 The defendants..were entitled to the next state of inheritance in his real estate.
†b. to make a state: to make a gift, grant, or settlement (to, unto a person); to give a legal right or title of something. Cf. to make an estate of (a thing) to (a person) at estate n. 11b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > transfer of property > settlement of property > settle (property) [verb (transitive)] > settle property on
to make a statec1400
sure1418
establishc1460
infeft1462
vest1464
invest1534
estate1600
entitle1608
secure1615
c1400 (?a1325) Long Charter of Christ, A Text (Bodl. 89) (1914) l. 151 (MED) I [sc. Christ] come of þe holy gooste wiþ playn power þy state to make.
1455–6 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. July 1455 §47. m. 12 Eny advousons or patronages in which eny persone or persones..have enfeoffed us, or þerof made eny graunte or state unto us.
1521 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 5 That my said feoffes make a state to the saide William Vescy of all my landes in Cateby.
1541 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 135 I will that my heres make alway a newe state at the ende of xxj yeres agayne to ane honeste preste to singe [etc.].
1559 T. Phaer Boke of Presidentes (new ed.) 53 b There is no maner of states made of free lande by pol deede, or dede indented, but ther may be made the same of copy landes by copy.
1606 G. Chapman Gentleman Vsher iii. sig. D2 What state hath your Lord made you for your seruice?
†33. Law (chiefly Scots Law). Possession of property. Frequently collocated with seisin n. 1a, esp. in to deliver (also give, receive) state and seisin. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal possession > [noun]
state1400
owingc1450
possession1535
detention1626
society > law > transfer of property > putting in possession > put (a person) in possession [verb (transitive)] > give possession of
seisin13..
seizea1400
to deliver (also give, receive) state and seisin1606
1400 in W. Fraser Mem. Maxwells of Pollok (1863) I. 139 Sua at the forsayd Schyr Jon sal haf thairof herytabyl state and possessyoun.
a1443 in Cal. Proc. Chancery Queen Elizabeth (1827) I. p. xxxvi (MED) Felice kame to yefe hym fulle state and have payement in honde.
1461 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 98 Þat whan I com homwar I mygh..mak seson and stat to be take whil I wer there.
1501 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 107/2 Quhill the lauchfull are or aeris..recover lachfull state, sessing and possessioun.
1520 Perth Hammermen Bk. (1889) 13 Item till Constantine Arthur for the staits giffin of the annuels and for his travell to Sanct Androis at the command of the Craft.
1524 Queen Margaret in State Papers Henry VIII (1836) IV. 112 To schawe His Grace how and in quhat maner We haf downe in this Parliament, and yat ye Kyng my sone is put to his stayt and governans be all his Lordis and Barrowns wyth his Prelattis and Commouns.
1606 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 662/2 I will and chairgis yow..ye delyver staitt and seasing [etc.].
1710 in Minutes of Evid. Nairne Peerage (1873) 45 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. A) XII. 65 And there give and deliver heritable state and sasine actuall reall and corporall possession of the foresaid.
1765–8 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. ii. iii. §35 Lastly, The vassal..takes instruments in the hand of the notary, before witnesses, that he hath received state and seisin of the lands in due form.
1850 G. Ross Leading Cases Law Scotl. II. i. 68 The notary may have omitted to mention that heritable state and sasine, together with actual, real, and corporal possession was delivered.
V. A statement.
34.
†a. A statement, account, description, report (of a transaction, a legal case, events, etc.). Obsolete.Superseded by statement.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > reporting > [noun] > a report
reckoningc1390
reporta1425
instruction1425
rehearsal?a1439
rapport1454
estatec1475
reportationc1475
reapport1514
remonstrancea1533
account1561
state1565
credit1569
referendary1581
delivery1592
tell1743
compte rendu1822
rundown1943
1565 J. Rastell Replie Def. Truth viii. f. 124 To make a state of our question in this chapiter.
1566 J. Rastell Treat.: Beware of M. Iewel To Rdr. sig. Aivv A short Table or Sum [of] the State of the Question conteined in euery of the foure first Articles.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xv. 33 This frighted the offending Queene, who, with this state, excusde Her kind vnkindnesse.
c1643 in 13th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1892) App. iv. 281 [Notes on the] State of the Tynfarmers' Case.
1657 T. Burton Diary (1828) II. 62 You have had a fair state of the case by this honourable person.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. ii. 128 The next Error to this was, that at the meeting of the great Council at York..there was not a state made and information given of the whole Proceedings in Scotland.
1751 H. Walpole Mem. George II (1822) I. 55 Sir Henry Erskine then presented his charge against General Anstruther, which he called only a state of his own case.
1773 Ann. Reg. 1772 *76 He wrote a long state of the whole transaction..to the court of Petersburg.
1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 121 Convinced of the woman's innocence, he had drawn up a state of her case.
1814 W. Scott Waverley III. iv. 57 Waverley therefore wrote a short state of what had happened to his uncle and his father. View more context for this quotation
1881 J. Russell Haigs of Bemersyde vii. 145 (heading) William obtains permission to write a state of his case to the King.
b. A detailed enumeration of particulars or items; esp. a financial statement of (actual or estimated) cost or expenditure. Cf. statement n. 1b, state v. 8c. Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > list > [noun]
tableOE
scorec1325
billa1340
calendar?a1400
legendc1400
librarya1450
Ragmanc1450
Ragman rollc1450
cataloguea1464
repertory1542
scrowa1545
bedroll?1552
roll1565
file1566
state1582
inventory1589
brief1600
series1601
counter-roll1603
list1604
muster roll1605
cense1615
pinax1625
repertoirec1626
diagram1631
recensiona1638
repertorium1667
vocabulary1694
albe1697
enumeration1725
screed1748
album1753
tableau1792
roll-call1833
shopping list1923
laundry list1958
remainder list1977
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun]
accountc1300
counta1350
scorea1400
audit?1550
tally1580
state1582
memorandum1583
ticket1632
tick1681
a/c1736
financial statement1789
balance sheet1838
tab1889
1582 R. Parsons First Bk. Christian Exercise Contents sig. A4 A Principall point of wisdome in an accoumptant, for veweing of the state of his accoumpt before hand.
1671 R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 505 The King command[ed] Mr. de Louvoy to make a state of the expense of the war.
1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 28 A more strict and Annual State to be had of all their respective Hulls, Masts, and Yards.
1701 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 447 I layed before the Speaker the State of the Accompt, what had ben received, & expended towards the building of the Marine Coll: at Greenwich.
1727 W. Pulteney (title) A state of the national debt as it stood December the 24th, 1716.
1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall VI. lx. 173 (note) We are indebted to him [sc. Ramusio] for a correct state of the [Venetian] fleet.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. xi. 238 He..sate down to examine Mr. Owen's states, which the other thought it most prudent to communicate to him without reserve.
1874 J. Blackwood Let. 29 Feb. in ‘G. Eliot’ Lett. (1956) VI. 225 From the states you have of Middlemarch you will see that Deronda has already got ahead of its great predecessor.
1916 E. H. Pearce Monks of Westm. 70 Aldenham... Drew up a state of Q. Alianore's manors 1299-1300.
2002 E. Cruickshanks et al. House of Commons 1690–1715 III. 573/1 He presented two reports from the accounts commission:..a state of the debt due on transport ships;..and a state of the Irish arrears due to the army.
c. Scottish. In full state of a vote. The presentation of a matter in the form of a particular question which may be voted on by parliament or some other executive committee. Cf. state v. 8e. Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > [noun] > framing of a question > in form to be voted on
state of a vote1701
1701 D. Hume Diary Parl. Scotl. (Bannatyne Club) 44 After a long debate about these two states, moved it might be put to the vote, Which of these two should be the vote.
1703 D. Hume Diary Parl. Scotl. (Bannatyne Club) 101 Then Salton proposed the state of a vote, Whether to give the Act for the Cess a first reading, or to proceed to make Acts for the Security of our Religion, Liberties, and some added, Trade.
1758 T. Smollett Hist. Eng. (1759) IX. 315 The ministry proposed the state of a vote, whether they should first give a reading to Fletcher's act, or to the act of subsidy.
1801 Scots Mag. June 445/2 The Committee agreed to the following state of a vote, Dismiss or Not.
1847 Proc. Gen. Assembly Free Church Scotl. 26 May in Sc. National Dict. at State It was agreed that the vote be taken, and that the state of it be first or second motion.
1995 P. Riley in G. M. Ditchfield et al. Brit. Parl. Lists, 1660–1800 140 In the Scottish Parliaments votes were not invariably formulated in terms of an affirmative and negative. The ‘state of the vote’ varied considerably according to the topic to be decided.
d. Military. A report of the present numbers of a corps, regiment, etc., esp. one including details of recent casualties. Now frequently in parade state.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military operations > [noun] > report
state1802
situation report1892
sitrep1943
1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) A weekly state of a regiment,..The difference between the state of a corps or detachment, and a mere return of the same, consists in this, that the former comprehends the specific casualties, &c. that have occurred.
1813 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) X. 569 If your Lordship will do me the favor..to look over the morning states which I send every week to the Secretary of State.
1877 in A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea (ed. 6) VI. App. 499 The..officer whose duty it was to make out the daily ‘States’.
1889 Infantry Drill 451 The commander-in-chief..will himself deliver a state of the troops to that Royal Personage.
1915 Times 5 Apr. 4/2 The parade state showed that 61 officers and 975 rank and file took part in the march.
1996 J. Peddie Rom. War Machine v. 100 The Notitia Dignitatum records a parade state of Tarrutenius Paternus (c. AD 150) in which the gunners are included among the immunes.

Phrases

P1. for the state of: (in religious contexts, chiefly with reference to the soul after death) for the spiritual welfare of. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > in prosperous condition [phrase] > wish for another's prosperity
for the state of1395
may your shadow never grow (be) less!1824
floreat1888
1395 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 8 To preye for my lordes soule..and for the stat of my sone forseid.
c1460 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Oseney Abbey (1907) 70 For þe stabulnese of all þe reame and state and welth of our Kyng ande quene.
1581 J. Baker Lect. vpon xii. Articles Christian Faith xii. 196 Let vs pray for the state of all Kinges and Princes.
1677 R. Thoroton Antiq. Notts. 494 Two Chaplains perpetually to pray for the state of the King, of him the said Iohn de Plumptre, and Emme his wife.
1722 J. Covel Some Acct. Greek Church ii. i. 302 Absolutory Prayers..for the state of the Dead.
1836 R. Walsh Resid. Constantinople II. 393 He recited a prayer for the state of the dead.
2005 M. Lehmijoki-Gardner tr. S. Quinzani Ecstasy of Passion in Dominican Penitent Woman 196 She makes special prayers for the state of all priests and asks the Lord to enlighten their minds.
P2. in state.
†a. In possession (of property); in a state of possession or ownership. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal possession > held in possession [phrase]
in state1592
1473–4 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 4 To put his sone and ayre in state of his landis.
1531 Abstr. Protocols Town Clerks Glasgow (1897) IV. 28 George Elquhistoune, beand in stait of the said land.
1592 Arden of Feversham i. 467 The lands are his in state.
1592 Arden of Feversham i. 484 So as he shall wishe the Abby lands Had rested still within their former state.
1620 T. Taylor Kings Bath (new ed.) ix. 256 He [sc. Christ] put vs in state of all his goods, wisedome, righteousnes, sanctification, and Redemption.
†b. Fit, likely, ready to do something. Cf. in a (fit) state at Phrases 3. [Compare Middle French en etat de, French en état de (15th cent.).]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > probability, likelihood > [adverb] > likely to do or obtain
in the way ofa1400
in state?1536
in a meana1552
in means1592
?1536 Jack vp Lande sig. Bii Whether that man or woman be in state to be saued.
a1556 Ld. Vaux in R. Edwards Paradyse Daynty Deuises (1576) sig. Bii v Thou that dydst saue the theefe in state to sterue.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xv. 16 Hee had twoo faire daughters then beyng in state to be marryed.
1592 Arden of Feversham iii. vi. 93 Your pretty tale beguiles the weary way; I would you were in state to tell it out.
a1626 L. Andrewes 96 Serm. (1629) 317 If our too much lashing on, to doe good to our selves, make us in state to do good, to none but our selves.
1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 130 Had not his people been in state to supply him.
c. With ceremonial splendour, pomp, or magnificence; with splendid or honorific trappings and insignia; (with reference to a journey, procession, etc.) grandly, with a large retinue. Also in extended use: with dignity, solemnity, or formality. to lie in state: (of the corpse of an important or famous person) to be laid in a coffin which is placed ceremoniously on public view prior to interment or cremation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > obsequies > [verb (intransitive)] > lie in state
to lie in state1580
the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > splendour, magnificence, or pomp > [adverb]
worthlyeOE
worthlyOE
worthily?c1225
reallya1375
proudc1384
riallya1387
royallyc1405
proudly?a1425
rialc1425
stately?a1439
personably1481
sumptuouslyc1487
magnificentlya1552
majestically1577
in state1580
palatially1867
1580 J. Bell tr. J. Foxe Pope Confuted 35 Enthronized in state.
1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. iv. 71 And in this state she gallops night by night. View more context for this quotation
1660 M. Carter Honor Rediviuus 68 She is permitted to sit in State at the King's right hand.
1662 E. Haukes Hecatonstichon (single sheet) The Inns..Are clad in mourning, where he lies in State.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 86 The Grand Signior..resolved to go through the City in State.
1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical ix. 93 See a Consult of them marching in State to a Patient.
1782 Hibernian Mag. June 33/1 His grace the duke of Portland went in state to the Irish House of Peers.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. ii. 15 It was in this chamber he breathed his last; here he lay in state.
1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xxiv. 295 Lamas in state coming to the temple.
1894 A. G. Radcliffe Schools & Masters Sculpt. 544 Umbrellas are held in state above the heads of the principal personages.
1926 J. Black You can't Win xv. 197 He sat in state on a coal-oil can by the fire.
1946 Life 9 Dec. 110 A vast crowd gathered on the lawn of the capitol building, in which Hank Marvin's body is lying in state.
1999 R. J. Barman Citizen Emperor v. 133 The emperor drove in state to the Senate building.
†d. In the sphere of government or politics. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > in the sphere of politics [phrase]
of statea1549
in state1612
1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 105 It is a secret both in nature and state, that it is safer to change many things then one.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iv. xlv. 365 The Supreme Power both in State, and Religion.
1708 J. Swift Sentiments Church of Eng.-man ii, in Misc. (1711) 134 I believe it may pass for a Maxim in State, that the Administration cannot be placed in too few Hands, nor the Legislature in too many.
P3. in a (fit) state: in a fit, proper, or healthy condition (so as to do something); likely, ready (to do something). Frequently in negative constructions, esp. in in no (fit) state. Cf. Phrases 2b.
ΚΠ
1620 J. Webbe tr. Cicero Fam. Epist. xvi. iii. 262 Neither am I in a state, to comfort another, being depriu'd of all consolation.
a1635 R. Sibbes Bowels Opened (1639) 42 Let us looke..Renew our Repentance, that we may be in a fit state to go to God.
1692 R. Davies Let. to Friend conc. changing Relig. Contents Many are always present whenever the Sacrament is Administred, who are not in a fit state to be Partakers of it.
1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 23/1 He has not for a long time been in a state able to go out of the house.
1789 C. Smith Ethelinde IV. ix. 192 She had a good deal of fever, and was not in a state to be removed.
1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism vi. 244 To assume..that the political rulers of the body were still in a state to be spoiled.
1862 Quiver 20 Sept. 456 Anthony Dare was in no fit state for walking alone.
1903 Motor-car Jrnl. 18 July 387/2 Mr. Napier would not have handed it [sc. the car] over to me saying it was in a fit state to drive unless he was absolutely satisfied that it was.
1981 M. Midgley Heart & Mind (1983) ii. 35 People who are convinced that something must not be true are in no state to take in the evidence for or against it.
2004 P. Hall Death in Dark Waters xx. 269 Moody certainly wasn't in a fit state to be worrying about fingerprints on triggers.
P4. of state.
a. Designating a richly or splendidly decorated object, place, etc., used on ceremonial occasions by a monarch or other person of high rank; (also) designating such an occasion or ceremony. Also figurative.Frequently in chair of state, rooms of state; bed of state, cloth of state.For the equivalent attributive use, see Compounds 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > splendour > [adjective] > magnificent
lordlylOE
richc1275
prouda1300
noblec1300
gloriousc1315
reala1325
rialc1330
stouta1350
solemnc1386
royalc1400
pompousc1425
statelyc1425
lordlike1488
magnific1490
of state1498
magnificenta1530
pompatic1535
magnificala1538
princely1539
gorgeous?1542
regal1561
superbious?1566
surly1566
splendent1567
heroical1577
superbous1581
sumptuous1594
pompatical1610
pompal1616
fastidious1638
grand1673
splendid1685
grandific1727
grandiose1818
splendiferous1827
splendacious1843
magnolious1863
society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > [noun] > seat of office or authority
seldc825
stoolc897
high settlec950
seatc1175
benchc1330
stool1390
chair1393
stall1399
estatea1475
chair of state1498
statea1500
office chaira1715
1498 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 387 To the kingis clath of stait in the hall.
1503 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 213 The quenis gret bed of stait.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Feb. 146 And his trees of state in compasse rownd.
1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 i. i. 51 Looke Lordings where the sturdy rebel sits, Euen in the chaire of state.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 1 High on a Throne of Royal State . View more context for this quotation
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1671 (1955) III. 591 The Chambers & roomes of State.
1786 A. Adams Lett (1848) 296 Here, upon a superb bed of state, lay the remains of his Grace.
1817 T. S. Raffles Hist. Java I. vi. 296 The is wedúng is..worn on occasions of state by all chiefs when in presence of the sovereign.
1832 W. Irving Alhambra II. 182 He ordered out his carriage of state, and..rumbled down the avenue of the Alhambra.
1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. xiv. 265 The Queen-Countess sat in her chair of state in the midst.
1903 A. Smellie Men of Covenant xix. 222 He rode in his carriage of state drawn by six horses.
1988 T. Woodcock & J. M. Robinson Oxf. Guide to Heraldry ii. 28 The ‘cloth of estate’..suspended over the throne or chair of state of a great magnate.
2008 E. Herman Mistress of Vatican (2009) x. 157 Kneeling, he ceremonially placed the ivory scepter of state at the pope's feet.
b. Usually with capital initial. Of, relating to, or belonging to the government, governing administration, or supreme ruling power of a country.act, department, reason, secretary of state, etc.: see the first elements. [Compare French d'état (16th cent. in Middle French).]
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > in the sphere of politics [phrase]
of statea1549
in state1612
society > authority > rule or government > politics > [noun] > sphere of politics or affairs of state
of statea1549
politicals1621
politics1680
wealtha1682
affairs1697
a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 145 He had many matters of state to dyspache.
1591 J. Harington Briefe Apol. Poetrie in tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso sig. ¶vj How much good matter, yea and matter of state, is there in that Comedie cald the play of the Cards?
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. v. 146 Let thy tongue tang arguments of state . View more context for this quotation
1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces ii. 101 The Council of State is composed of Deputies from the several Provinces.
1694 (title) Letters of State, written by Mr. John Milton to most of the Sovereign Princes and Republicks of Europe.
1703 P. Paxton Civil Polity vii. 473 Gavestone returned, is plumed with Honours, and entrusted with the Management of all Affairs of State.
1795 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regic. France iv, in Sel. Wks. (1878) III. 344 The Ministers of State and the Judges of the Bench.
1796 G. Washington Let. in Writings (1892) XIII. 213 From the office of State you will receive every thing that relates to business.
1845 B. Disraeli Sybil III. v. viii. 110 She was on her way to Bow Street to be examined as a prisoner of state.
1878 B. Disraeli in Times 11 Nov. 10/4 My Lord Mayor, I have observed that the month of October is often rife with high secrets of State.
1927 Amer. Mercury Feb. 254/2 A Congressman..began to blab high matters of state.
1994 Maclean's 31 Oct. 44/1 Mountbatten was the one who schooled Charles on issues of state.
†P5. to hold no state of: to disregard, have no respect for. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrespect > [verb (transitive)]
unworthc1200
unworshipc1380
to hold no state ofa1400
dishonour1411
wrongc1449
disglorify1584
baffle1592
indignify1595
deglory1610
disrespect1614
violate1692
undertreat1721
deconsider1881
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13584 (MED) O godd him semes ha na perti þat haldes of hali-dai na stat.
†P6. to bear (a) (great) state: (of a person) to hold (high) office; to be great or powerful; (of a thing) to be of importance, involve great consequences. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > [verb (intransitive)] > hold (high) office
to bear (a) (great) statea1400
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (intransitive)]
reckeOE
recka1250
attainc1374
beforcec1375
pertaina1382
concern1477
import1539
signifya1616
to trench into (unto)1621
to bear (a) (great) state1623
urge1654
relate1655
bulk1672
refer1677
argufy1751
to be no small drinka1774
tell1779
reckon1811
to count for (much, little, nothing, etc.)1857
to stand for something (or nothing)1863
shout1876
count1885
mind1915
rate1926
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6949 Bot quen aaron was ded, þe priste, His sun eliazar was neist, And bar state of his fader-hade.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 883 (MED) Emperour, kyng, duke, ne caysere, Ne other þat bers grete state here.
1600 C. Sutton Disce Mor.i vi. 111 She..thought, that Christ should beare a state in the world, sit as a King in princely authority.
1607 G. Chapman Bussy D'Ambois i. 2 He is yoong and haughtie, apt to take Fire at aduancement, to beare state and flourish.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII ii. iv. 210 The question did at first so stagger me, Bearing a State of mighty moment in't, And consequence of dread. View more context for this quotation
†P7. to cast (also put, throw, etc.) out of state: to deprive of status or office; to disinherit, degrade, depose; to make powerless. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 9219 Þe iewes were put out of state And her kyngdome al transolate.
1599 J. Hayward 1st Pt. Henrie IIII 65 To cast a King out of state, is an enterprise not hastely to bee resolued vpon.
1599 S. Daniel Poet. Ess. sig. Bv He armes his forces either to reduce Antonic to the ranke of his estate, or else to disranke him out of state and al.
1603 J. Hayward Answer Conf. conc. Succession iii. sig. Iiijv Peter was throwen out of state by the forces of france.
a1632 T. Taylor Christs Victorie over Dragon (1633) 431 As it is not the presence of the Gospell, so neither the profession of the Gospell that puts Satan out of state.
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Unstate, to put out of state.
†P8. to hold one's state (also to hold (high) state): to preside over a court or similar assembly of attendants, admirers, etc., esp. with ceremonial pomp and splendour. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > splendour, magnificence, or pomp > exhibit or appear in splendour or magnificence [verb (intransitive)]
triumph1483
to hold one's state1494
to keep (one's) state1549
princea1592
throne1821
pomp1922
1494 Loutfut MS f. 1v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Stat(e, Stait All solempnit festis and othir dais quhar the king haldis his state riall.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII v. ii. 23 The high promotion of his Grace of Canterbury, Who holds his State at dore 'mongst Purseuants, Pages, and Foot-boyes. View more context for this quotation
1789 J. St. John Mary, Queen of Scots ii. ii. 25 Here held his state Old John of Gaunt.
a1806 H. K. White Remains (1807) I. 22 The mists which on old Night await, Far to the West they hold their state.
1856 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 553/1 He went abroad, and lived almost entirely in Italy, where he held his state like one of the great old masters.
1897 H. Hayens Cleverly Sahib i. 9 Lahore, the princely city of the Punjab, where that powerful potentate held state.
1913 C. E. Pearce Polly Peachum xxiv. 296 Pierrepoint Lodge, where Miss Chudleigh held high state.
1994 J. Montgomery-Massingberd & C. S. Sykes Great Houses Eng. & Wales 172 The High Great Chamber, where Bess held state.
2001 L. James Warrior Race (2004) ii. 35 The lord of South Cadbury held his state in a great wooden rectangular hall where..he would have entertained his band of warriors.
P9. to keep (one's) state: to observe the pomp and ceremony befitting a monarch or other person of high rank or status; to behave in a grand or dignified manner; to maintain one's dignity. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > splendour, magnificence, or pomp > exhibit or appear in splendour or magnificence [verb (intransitive)]
triumph1483
to hold one's state1494
to keep (one's) state1549
princea1592
throne1821
pomp1922
1549 J. Ponet tr. B. Ochino Tragoedie Unjuste Usurped Primacie sig. Iiv When it came to the Popes course to speake, bycause he woulde kepe hys state, he commaunded master Hypocryt to speake in hys name.
1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love ii. iii. sig. Ev The woorst in her is want of keeping state, and to much descending into inferior and base offices..as to be your Procurer or Pandar. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. ii. 161 There was a Brutus once, that would haue brook'd Th' eternall Diuell to keepe his State in Rome, As easily as a King. View more context for this quotation
1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 82 Andronicus Palæologus, one that kept the State of an Emperor.
1793 C. Smith Old Manor House IV. xi. 281 The lady, formerly Miss Eliza Woodford, ‘kept her state’; and Orlando..was shewn into a back room.
1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor iv, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 73 But keep your ain state wi' them..they will think the mair o' ye.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iii. 57 O Vashti, noble Vashti! Summon'd out She kept her state.
1905 E. Brooke Susan Wooed & Susan Won xxiv. 201 Mr. Wallwood kept his state unassailed.
†P10. to take state upon one: to observe ceremonial pomp and splendour; to assume an appearance of grandeur or dignity; to affect superiority, give oneself airs; to be reserved and haughty. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > pretension to superiority > pretend to superiority [verb (intransitive)]
to make it goodlyc1325
usurpc1400
to take state upon one1597
to come over ——1600
to gentilize it1607
to state it1625
to give oneself airs1701
to put on airs1715
to mount (also ride) the high horse1782
to put on (the) dog1865
to get (also have) notions1866
to put on side1870
to have a roll on1881
to put (or pile) on lugs1889
side1890
to put on the Ritz1921
1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas xxxv. 476 He sate as king, and commaunded, and tooke state vppon him.
1608 J. Dod & R. Cleaver Plaine Expos. Prov. ix–x. 37 And yet she goeth not as an ordinarie strumpet,..but taketh state upon her like a courtizan.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Haultain Faire le haultain, to be high in th' instup,..take state vpon him.
a1635 R. Sibbes Breathing after God (1639) 28 It is the nature of excellent things, except we desire them in the chiefe place, they take state upon them.
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 29 A Portuguais, who took state upon him, his man still carrying after him a guilt sword.
1767 P. Gibbes Woman of Fashion II. 43 Now the pretty Fool takes State upon her, forsooth.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. v. 98 She takes state on her already.
1901 New Illustr. Mag. June 148/1 You 're taking state on you already for my Lady.
†P11. to make state: to expect (to do something), count on (doing something). Obsolete. rare. [After French faire état de (1540 in Middle French in this sense).]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expect [verb (intransitive)] > reckon on
agessec1300
reckona1450
to make account1583
account1587
to make state1691
compute1772
1691 A. Gavin Frauds Romish Monks 56 Telling him, That he was an Abbot accurs'd of God; that Damnation would be his portion, and that all those who lived under his Conduct, might make State to go to Hell with him.
P12. state of time (also times): the way in which events or circumstances stand at a particular time; cf. state of affairs n. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [noun] > juncture or critical point
timeeOE
point?c1225
state of time (also times)1534
pass1560
conjuncture1619
juncture1656
hinge1775
cross-road1795
contingency1803
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > circumstance [phrase] > state of affairs
casec1405
state of time (also times)1534
state of (the) case1577
time of day1667
carte du pays1744
1534 W. Marshall tr. Erasmus Playne & Godly Expos. Commune Crede v. f. 127v It hath ben shewed and put in theyr myndes by the inspiration of the holy ghoste accordingly as ye state of tymes dyd requyre [L. aut a spiritu sancto pro ratione temporum suggestum].
1589 T. Cooper Admon. People of Eng. 2 A lamentable state of time it is, wherin such vntemperat boldenes is permitted.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iv. iv. 347 Vrge the necessitie and state of times . View more context for this quotation
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. i. 25 I would the state of time had first been whole, Eare he by sicknesse had bin visited. View more context for this quotation
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. i. §5 How can we conceive the Nation of the Jews would have ever embraced such a Law, had it not been of Moses his enacting among them in that state of time when he did?
1751 R. Hurd in tr. Horace Q. Horatii Flacci Epistola ad Augustum 183 A different state of times has produced the like effect.
1865 Trans. N.Y. State Agric. Soc. 1864 24 103 A really good cow is practically worth forty to sixty dollars, in almost any state of times.
1920 Boilermakers' & Iron Ship Builders' Jrnl. July 423/1 A state of times where men..would put up, without protest, with about any shop neglect.
P13. state of (the) case: the facts and circumstances of a particular case, affair, or question.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > circumstance [phrase] > state of affairs
casec1405
state of time (also times)1534
state of (the) case1577
time of day1667
carte du pays1744
1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 184/2 in Chron. I Beseechyng him to consider well the state of the case as it stoode.
1699 J. Howe Disc. Redeemer's Dominion 63 This expresses the state of the case as in fact it is.
1729 Bp. J. Butler Serm. in Wks. (1850) II. Pref. p. xvii The taking in this consideration totally changes the whole state of the case.
1824 H. Marshall Hist. Kentucky (new ed.) II. 60 Such a state of case cannot be contemplated without a sense of foreboding.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xiii. 105 And the real state of the case would never have been known at all in the regiment but for Captain Dobbin's indiscretion.
1922 Homiletic Rev. Mar. 176/1 What then is the state of the case?
2008 M. J. Corbett Family Likeness ii. 38 The narration describes the state of the case between Mrs. Price and Lady Bertram.
P14. state of repair: condition with regard to upkeep, fitness for purpose, etc.; frequently with modifying adjective, as good, bad, etc.; cf. repair n.2 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > [noun] > physical or external condition > good or bad physical condition
repair1563
state of repair1760
1760 London Evening-Post 11 Mar. We hear the Harbour of Shoreham in Sussex, will shortly be put in a very excellent State of repair.
1771 J. Bentham Hist. & Antiq. Church of Ely I. 43 Very few [Parochial Churches] can justly be considered as in a proper state of repair.
1805 Parl. Reg. III. 523 He had neglected to keep the ships of the navy, which he had received in good condition, in any good state of repair.
1843 Times 17 Oct. 4/6 A sort of bridle-road, in the very worst state of repair.
1964 M. M. Cameron tr. G. Lanctot Hist. Canada II. xvii. 173 The fort..had no retrenchments and was in a bad state of repair.
2006 Independent 5 Apr. (Property section) 8/3 This inheritance was a windfall of the distinctly bruised-apple kind;..the house was in a poor state of repair.
P15. state of emergency: see emergency n. 4d.
P16.
man (also lady, person, woman) of state n. a person having a high rank, position, or status (cf. man, etc., of estate at estate n. 3a); (later esp.) one having an important role in politics; a politician, a statesman. [Compare Anglo-Norman gens d'estat, Middle French homme d'estat, etc. (14th cent.).]
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > [noun] > person of > man of rank
herOE
man of statec1330
peera1375
man of goodc1390
sira1400
titulado1622
c1330 (?a1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) p. 420 A man y was of state sum stounde, & holden a lord of gret mounde.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 258 Sir Hugh was man of state, he said as I salle rede.
1582 R. Stanyhurst in tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis 89 Thee Prophet layeth downe an exhortation too theese men of state.
1610 tr. M. Bartox in tr. J. Haren Repentance of Iohn Haren sig. F2v Christ the true Bishop, as in this world he took vpon him no person of state, so he appointed no dominion or Empire among his Apostles.
1669 Hist. Sir Eger 46 The burgess..to them spake. The maiden answerd, Who is that? Because he was no man of state, She sayes [etc.].
a1729 E. Taylor Metrical Hist. Christianity (1962) 228 Mahomet Son of Abdalla..First tended Camells for a man of State Then wedding of a Widdow rich became A merchant man.
1787 G. Greive tr. F. J. de Chastellux Trav. N.-Amer. I. 187 He rose early..to wait on the Members of Congress, and the leading men of state.
1869 H. F. Parker Constance Aylmer xxii. 272 Its splendor might well become a woman of state.
1879 V. Durrant S. Weir I. xxxix. 411 Herself and other old ladies of state, away in old country places of ancientry, really did a great deal towards the government of kingdoms.
1912 Railway Conductor Feb. 81/2 Men of other lands point..to Lincoln as our most typical man of state, just as they point to Walt Whitman as our most distinctive man of letters.
1994 H. Gerber State, Society, & Law in Islam 70 The so called teftiş, a sort of law-and-order tour by a very high-ranking man of state.
P17. to turn State's evidence: see evidence n. 5b.
P18. state within a (also the) state [compare post-classical Latin imperium in imperio imperium in imperio n.] : an organization, group of people, territory, etc., existing within a body politic but exercising independence from it; often with negative connotations, suggesting that the higher authority is being usurped, undermined, or flouted.
ΚΠ
1602 W. Watson tr. A. Arnauld Le Franc Discours 24 This is (my liege) in good French, to erect another state within the state [Fr. bastir vn autre estat dans vostre estat], and another kingdome within your kingdom.
a1645 W. Laud Hist. Troubles (1695) 165 But by this favour, which that Church received, it grew up..till it became a Church within a Church, and a kind of State within a State.
1798 Monthly Mag. Suppl. No. 40. 549/2 Their [sc. the Hebrews'] internal government was carried on after the manner of pastoral nations; a family obeyed the father; a tribe the hereditary tribe-prince: and thus they formed a state within the state, which at length..excited the jealousy of the Egyptian kings.
1842 S. Laing Notes of Traveller vii. 195 No such state within a state, as a church power independent of the civil power, can exist without a derangement of all the movements of society.
1884 Leicester Chron. & Leics. Mercury 8 Mar. 8/2 Every large English town..is imperium in imperio: a state within the state.
1938 Ken (Chicago) 7 Apr. 46/2 The Intelligence Service of the Foreign Office is a state within a state, virtually Britain's second, secret Government.
1976 W. Z. Laqueur Guerrilla Warfare iv. 183 The Macedonians had virtually established a state within a state, collecting taxes, even running their own ‘revolutionary postal service’.
2002 Time 3 June 40/2 The fighting in Afghanistan, where al-Qaeda had become a state within a state.

Compounds

C1. attributive with the sense ‘belonging to, used on, or reserved for formal, ceremonial, or royal occasions; richly or splendidly decorated or furnished; (of an action or event) accompanied or characterized by pomp and ceremony’; as state apartment, state ball, state barge, state clothes, state dinner, etc.Some of the more established compounds of this type are treated separately.
ΚΠ
1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 4th Serm. sig. Nviv As Christe when he counterfaited a state going to Hierusalem.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vi. 207 Vnder starrie State-Cloathes.
1609 G. Markham Famous Whore sig. C2v State-chambers richly deckt and furnished.
?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) iv. 171 She tooke her State-chaire.
1706 tr. Present State Europe Dec. 534 Next came the King and the Princess Royal..in his Majesty's State-Coach.
1750 A. Collins Suppl. Peerage Eng. I. 226 He contributed much to the Embellishment of Warwick-Castle, by fitting up the State Apartment there.
1790 Scots Mag. Apr. 159/2 Prince Caramanico, the Viceroy..gave us a state dinner the next day.
1843 F. W. Fairholt Ld. Mayors' Pageants 152 These courts were held in the state barge.
1855 J. Timbs Curiosities of London 686 The State Carriage now used by the sovereign.
1883 F. Armytage Old Court Customs 178 Court or state balls are given during the season.
1915 Times 26 Mar. 11/4 Lord Wimborne has fixed April 14 for his State entry into Dublin.
1939 Life 19 June 13/3 President Roosevelt..toasted the King at the White House State dinner.
1997 Daily Tel. 14 May 12/5 In the Robing Room, she will change out of the George IV state diadem and into the Imperial State Crown.
2009 M. A. Evans Frommer's Stockholm Day by Day 30/1 Climb the entrance staircase to the rooms that make up the State Apartments.
C2. (In senses of branch III.)
a. attributive.Some of the more established compounds of this type are treated separately.
(a) With the sense ‘of or relating to politics, politicians, or the art of government in general; concerned with or depending on political considerations’. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > [adjective]
politic1427
political1529
state1579
statistial1602
statistical1602
politician1638
coalitional1785
statistic1824
1579 J. Stubbs Discouerie Gaping Gulf sig. C4 The rules which the wise English counsellers of those times haue set down as a state wisedome.
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales i. i. 2 Agrippa they accounted..yoong, and rawe in state matters.
1607 J. Marston What you Will sig. E3v Perfect state pollecy Can crosse-bite euen sence.
1622 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Phylaster (new ed.) i. 2 My ignorance in State policie.
a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1959) IV. 349 State Divinity, that obeyes affections of persons.
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης xv. 141 Had he as well known how to distinguish between..the wholsome heat of well Governing, and the feverous rage of Tyrannizing, his judgment in State-physic, had bin of more autoritie.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 181 The State Historian.
1661 R. Davenport City Night-cap iii. 29 My Lord would have made an excellent state-sophister.
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. v. 692 That Religion is nothing but a meer State-juggle and Political Imposture.
a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 59 A State-Quack, that..vapours what Cures he could do on the Body politic.
1685 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 476 Upon some politic & state reasons.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 11. ⁋3 Mr. D…y generally writes State-Plays.
a1711 R. Duke in Earl of Roscommon et al. Poems (1717) 328 That new State Maxim he invented first.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 105. ¶6 The State-Pedant is wrapt up in News, and lost in Politicks.
1733 No. 376. (title) The state juggler: or, Sir Politick Ribband.
1745 E. Young Complaint: Night the Eighth 18 How curious to contemplate Two State-Rooks, Studious their Nests to feather in a trice.
1755 Dict. Arts & Sci. (at cited word) Sibyls, it is the opinion of Prideaux, that the story of the three books of the sibyls, sold to Tarquin, was a state-trick or fetch of politics.
1757 Monitor No. 79. II. 265 The languid commonwealth..which has been almost brought to its last gasp, under the cruel hands of our late state-quacks.
1809 S. T. Coleridge Friend 19 Oct. 149 The venerable State-Moralist..[is] incapable of appealing to the envy of the Multitude by bitter declamation against the follies and oppressions of the higher Classes.
1832 J. A. Heraud Voy. & Mem. Midshipman (1837) iii. 52 No doubt a state-necessity, or a state-expediency, might be made out, for the purpose of producing an apparent uniformity in religious worship.
1909 Hibbert Jrnl. Jan. 434 The statecraft and state-morality of China and Japan.
(b)
(i) With the sense ‘of, belonging to, or relating to the State or national government’, as state affairs, state control, state intervention, state ownership, state power, etc.
ΚΠ
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxviii. 1002 The Achaeans..jarred and disagreed in the managing of State-affaires.
1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion xvi. Illustr. 253 Such as were receiued into State-fauour and friendship by the Roman.
1690 W. Temple Ess. Poetry 58 in Miscellanea: 2nd Pt. So many Pretenders to Business and State-Imployments.
1704 R. Fiddes Serm. Preach'd Jan. 31 14 What measures are to be taken..is properly a State-question.
1744 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 502/1 While thus you state-authority arraign, You set th' example to this wicked train.
1763 Gentleman's Mag. July 345/1 I see no limitation to state power, if suffered to exceed the bounds of law and justice.
1813 Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 26 321 This spiritual jurisdiction..can be completely exercised..without..any state control whatsoever.
1876 Fortn. Rev. Apr. 630 Proof that, as the Katheder-Socialisten maintain in Germany, the part of state-intervention will go on steadily increasing.
1886 Westm. Rev. July 146 A civil injury is an act, which, without necessarily arousing any State antipathy for the agent, arouses State sympathy with another citizen who is hurt by it.
1943 A. Koestler Arrival & Departure iv. 165 State-bureaucracies and managers establish themselves in vital hedgehog positions.
1944 W. Lewis Let. 20 Aug. (1963) 378 Stalin has a working state-system.
1973 Listener 17 May 635/1 That section of the Left which wants greater equality without a massive increase in state ownership.
1977 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 31 Mar. 22/3 On state control of industry, the pivotal socialist issue, he had no consistent views.
1984 B. R. Clark Perspectives Higher Educ. ix. 259 ‘State failure’ causes a turn to the market, ‘market failure’ produces movement toward state authority.
1999 D. Waldner State Building & Late Devel. 215 The state would channel funds into state coffers by selling state assets.
2010 Independent on Sunday 19 Dec. 4/1 State authorities were able to lever in private investment to fund the much-needed construction..of hundreds of public buildings.
(ii) With the sense ‘officially provided, established, supported, or managed by, or under the control of, the State or national government; (also) employed by or in the service of the State’; as state agent, state benefit, state employee, state lottery, state religion, state television, etc.
ΚΠ
1629 T. Jackson Treat. Divine Essence ii. 282 State-agents cannot easily change their manner, whereto they have beene most accustomed.
1634 J. Ford Chron. Hist. Perkin Warbeck ii. sig. D3 A State-Informers Character.
1695 J. Evelyn Diary (1952) 334 The State Lottery drawing, Mr Cock..drew a lot of £1,000 per annum.
1700 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 406 There was this Weeke greate changes of State Officers.
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. at Pension In England it is generally understood to mean pay given to a state hireling for treason to his country.
1775 London Chron. 23–25 May 495/1 In the last State Lottery there were only 81 prizes above 100 l.
1828 H. D. Best Italy 427 The supporters of state religions are shrewdly suspected, too, of holding that one religion is as good as another.
1852 Boston Atlas 13 Feb. 2/4 Turkey... A reduction of 20 per cent is to be made on the salary of the State employees.
1869 Economist 6 Feb. 146/2 The ideal reform, that of compelling all persons in work to subscribe to a State Benefit Fund for sickness, old age, or loss of work.
1881 E. W. Hamilton Diary 5 June (1972) I. 144 It is certainly a great misfortune that the three foremost men on the front Opposition bench should be dependent on State aid.
1886 Encycl. Brit. XX. 241/1 The State Railways of India.
1892 Bk. Common Prayer 1662, Publ. Pref. 8 The titles of..the three State Services [sc. those for 5 Nov., 30 Jan., 29 May].
1905 Act 5 Edward VII c. 19 (title) The construction..of railways in India, by state agency, or through the agency of companies.
1927 Bull. Amer. Assoc. Univ. Professors Feb. 125 Full professors are considered state employees and receive their salary directly from the government.
1948 J. Towster Polit. Power in U.S.S.R. iii. 42 The Party..was not yet equipped to substitute collective-farm and state-farm production for kulak production.
1971 Daily Tel. 16 June 3/3 Men are prevented from drawing more in State benefits than they had earned while in work.
1994 Daily Tel. 27 July 11/2 His recent restructuring of state television is now seen as an attack on press freedom.
2004 N.Y. Times Mag. 5 Dec. 48/2 The official ideology was not Islam but Pancasila, devised..as a kind of state religion.
(c) With reference to offences against the State or a state and their punishment, as state crime, state criminal, state offence, state offender, state trial, state treason, etc.
ΚΠ
1607 R. Pricket Iesuits Miracles sig. E3v To be state traytors.
1629 H. Burton Babel No Bethel Ep. Ded. sig. ¶4 Imposters, state-treachers, troublers, and betrayers.
1643 Elegie vpon John Pym (single sheet) Who shall receive the Guerdon of his fall? Or preach State-Treason at his Funerall?
1660 A. Moore Compend. Hist. Turks 1283 All State-offendours to be judged by the Council of Hungary.
1664 E. Bagshaw Case & Usage 4 One, who never was guilty of any State-crime, but the desiring of a sober Liberty.
1668 H. Savage Balliofergus 114 To return home and become a State-criminal.
1693 J. Kettlewell Of Christian Communion iii. 33 Such Rightful state may punish [the refusal to give allegiance] by state punishments, as it may all other state offences.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. vii. 129 Having in my Life perused many State-Tryals, which I ever observed to terminate as the Judges thought fit to direct.
1798 H. M. Williams Tour Switzerland I. 122 A castle, which is the northern bastile of the canton of Berne for state-offenders.
1839 E. Bulwer-Lytton Richelieu ii. i. 70 Who ever Heard of its being a state-offence to kiss The hand of one's own wife.
1893 W. St. Clair Baddeley Queen Joanna I of Naples 4 His just indignation at this state-crime.
1916 A. S. Kaun tr. A. Kornilov Mod. Russ. Hist. I. ii. 26 Serfs were forbidden to complain against their masters, except in cases of state treason.
1956 Ann. Reg. 1955 283 A State trial which had prejudicial consequences for Mapai.
2007 R. Cornall in A. Lynch et al. Law & Liberty in War on Terror v. 52 Australia..did not need sophisticated anti-terrorism offences. We could rely..on traditional State offences.
(d) With the sense ‘of, belonging to, or relating to a state (sense 29a); managed by or under the control of a state (rather than the federal or national government)’; as state capital, state border, state election, state highway, state parliament, state penitentiary, state tax, etc.
ΚΠ
1780 A. Adams Let. 15 Oct. in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 388 Our State affairs are thus.
1790 M. Cutler Let. 28 Feb. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) I. 460 Congress are still on the question, whether the State debts shall be assumed.
1803 Laws Commonw. Pennsylvania III. 107 No state highway hath been heretofore laid out..between the western parts of the county of Cumberland and the town of Pittsburgh.
1804 U.S. Gaz. 12 June It is presumed that the executive council will grant him a lodging in the state Penitentiary.
1850 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Times 12 Dec. Shall we by constitutional law station a soldiery with pointed bayonets, on our State borders?
1861 N.Y. Times 18 Mar. 8/3 All the other forts are garrisoned by State Militia, and covered with State flags.
1887 American 26 Mar. 357/1 Connecticut has only four lawyers among the 249 members of her State Assembly.
1903 Hutchinson (Kansas) Daily News 20 Jan. 9/1 Most of the other states in the great middle west have one fair that is recognized as the State Fair and is sustained by the State.
1925 L. S. Dunaway What Preacher Saw 81 Jeff Davis declared that the ground on which the new state capitol was constructed was ‘too poor for two Irishmen to raise a row on!’
1956 Pop. Sci. Mar. 138/1 State Highway 9 cuts through the city limits for only about three blocks.
1967 Age (Melbourne) 5 Apr. 1/5 [He] is the 15th serviceman to nominate for the state elections on April 29.
1976 Scotsman 27 Dec. 3/1 Mr. J. P. Patnaik told reporters in the state capital of Bhubaneswar tonight that presidential rule in Orissa would be revoked.
1990 West Austral. (Perth) 14 June 9/2 Bill Hassell is more ‘liberal’ now than when he first entered State Parliament back in 1977.
2004 National Response Plan (U.S. Dept. Homeland Security) iii. 8 When state resources and capabilities are overwhelmed, governors may request federal assistance.
b. Objective, forming nouns and adjectives, as state builder, state-building, etc.
ΚΠ
1594 S. Daniel Cleopatra iv. in Delia (new ed.) sig. M4 Misterious Egipt, wonder breeder, strict religions strange obseruer, State-ordrer Zeale, the best rule-keeper, fostring still in temprate feruor.
1598 T. Rogers Celestiall Elegies sig. D2 To royall princes and State-ruling peeres.
1601 2nd Pt. Returne from Pernassus iii. i Such busie state-prying fellowes.
1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 152 Knowing themselues most innocent of all state-medlings.
1625 T. Jackson Christs Answer i. ii. 30 A foundation of publike happines, which no Monarch or State-founder could euer lay.
1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) i. B 1 State-changing comets dire.
1657 T. Flatman Cordial 11 I care not what your state confounders do.
1735 J. Thomson Rome: 3rd Pt. Liberty 468 All the state wielding magick of his tongue.
1760 Parl. Hist. Eng. XXII. 256 Some new State-Builders, that had been framing imaginary States of Government.
1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. ii. 31 The state-mending citizen.
1792 Ld. Westmorland in Lecky's Hist. Eng. 18th C. (1887) VI. 531 The present Statemaking mania of the world.
1822 J. Hook Pen Owen I. i. 16 I never knew any good come of your state-menders or religion-menders. They all make more holes than they stop.
1856 J. C. Hare Charges Clergy Lewes I. 89 This was the principle which they followed in their Statebuilding.
1913 Eng. Rev. Jan. 284 The Mongols are not state-builders.
2010 M. N. Barnett Internat. Humanitarian Order 3 My dissertation was on the politics of warmaking and statemaking in the Middle East.
c. Instrumental, chiefly with past participial adjectives.
(a) General examples.
ΚΠ
1616 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale ix. 288 Th' prize of state-caused strife.
1650 N. Ward Discolliminium 8 They have gotten some yeers on their back, and are able to make a profession of some State-establishment.
1842 E. Miall in Nonconformist 2 193 An authorised, a state-provisioned clergy.
1848 in A. Prentice Tour in U.S. viii. 76 A real, state-paid bishop, whilome a minister of the Scotch Relief Kirk.
1856 ‘G. Eliot’ in Westm. Rev. 10 64 Its patent machinery of state-appointed functionaries.
1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 58 The poor citizens..became state-fed paupers.
1882 M. Arnold Irish Ess. 97 State-aided elementary schools.
1897 Westm. Gaz. 3 Sept. 8/1 The very atmosphere of State-ridden Germany is fast becoming unbreathable to English lungs.
1912 W. B. Selbie Nonconformity xii. 226 The principle of the State establishment of religion.
1926 H. Sheehy-Skeffington Let. 15 Feb. in S. O'Casey Lett. (1975) I. 168 In no country save in Ireland could a State-subsidized theatre presume on popular patience.
1946 J. W. Day Harvest Adventure xviii. 301 No National Park or State-planned ‘lung’ could offer lovelier scenery so near a manufacturing area.
2010 Daily Tel. 14 Oct. 32/1 The state-sanctioned rearing of organ donors.
(b)
state-controlled adj.
ΚΠ
1813 Eclectic Rev. Nov. 557 They must necessarily cease to be a state-controlled, and consequently a state-endowed church.
1942 Contemp. Jewish Rec. 5 274 The state-controlled Kolkhoz or Sovkhos systems in Soviet Russia.
2004 Business Day (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 21 Jan. 7 State pension funds, state-controlled pension houses.
state-funded adj.
ΚΠ
1936 Daily Courier (Connellsville, Pa.) 19 May 9/3 A State funded insurance..would save the school system up to $400,000.
1966 Calif. Law Rev. 54 591 It would be especially anomalous for Congress to give the states less freedom in setting standards for programs entirely state-funded than for those partially federally-financed.
1973 Guardian 10 Dec. 15/2 There is always the suspicion with an economy that is so heavily State-funded that structural weaknesses are liable to be hidden.
2010 M. Priestly in F. G. Castles et al. Oxf. Handbk. Welfare State xxviii. 409 Reducing dependency on state-funded care and disability-related benefits.
state-owned adj.
ΚΠ
1868 Royal Cornwall Gaz. 26 Nov. 5/3 The unowned, or rather, State-owned land in the United States of America, is practically speaking illimitable.
1887 G. B. Shaw Let. 8 June (1965) I. 173 The sweeping away of our..wicked workhouse prisons in favour of State-owned farms and factories.
1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Jan. 53/3 The largest area of State-owned and State-planted forests in any single State in the Empire.
1978 S. Sheldon Bloodline iv. 69 He borrowed money on the real jewelry from the Crédit Municipal, the state-owned pawnshop.
2008 Daily Tel. 7 Aug. (Business section) b5/1 Northern Rock neatly bookends the mortgage boom, but the consequences will long outlast the now state-owned bank.
state-provided adj.
ΚΠ
1834 Unitarian Mag. & Chron. 1 367 Cases are related of this ecclesiastical sturdy beggar which tend to make a state-provided clergy arrogant of the very vices of their system.
1883 S. Baring-Gould Germany vii. 186 State-provided schedules of education.
1927 A. M. Carr-Saunders & D. C. Jones Surv. Social Struct. Eng. & Wales 148 To complete the tale of State-provided benefits that school children may receive.
1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 31 May 32/1 Criminals..remain in government jobs just below the top layer, living in comparatively cushy state-provided apartments.
state-supported adj.
ΚΠ
1837 Standard 23 May 8/5 Spiritual independence in a state-supported church!
1927 A. Huxley Proper Stud. 220 In most modern countries the only state-supported orthodoxy is a sexual orthodoxy.
2009 N. Zokhrabov in J. Fisher & A. Shay When Men Dance x. 349 Azerbaijanis despised dance..despite the relatively high pay for dancers in state-supported companies.
state-sponsored adj.
ΚΠ
1909 B. Maennel Auxiliary Educ. xv. 206 Such state-sponsored community clinics as those conducted by the Massachusetts State Department of Mental Hygiene.
1952 C. P. Blacker Eugenics: Galton & After 185 France has a Minister for Population and a state-sponsored National Institute of Demographic Studies.
2007 M. S. Hamm Terrorism as Crime 2 Since the collapse of communism..there has been a marked decline in state-sponsored terrorism.
C3.
a. With the first element in singular form.
state attorney n. (a) (chiefly U.S.) an official elected or appointed to represent the State in court proceedings, esp. in criminal prosecutions (cf. state's attorney n. (a) at Compounds 3b); (b) the principal legal officer of a state.
ΚΠ
1779 Act to prevent Articles being Exported in Charters & Laws Mass. Bay (1814) 827 After the legal charges of prosecution are paid, one fourth part shall be to the use of the State Attorney that managed the cause.
1897 F. R. Statham S. Afr. as it Is 306 Mr. Justice Gregorowski, who previously held the post of State-Attorney in the Orange Free State, is a member of the English Bar.
1955 Amer. Jrnl. Compar. Law 4 440 The state attorney could only produce documents, deduce proof, and draw conclusions within the limits of the claims of the parties concerned.
1988 Palm Beach Post (Florida) (Nexis) 30 Oct. 2 b Palm Beach County's state attorney believes voters should return him to office on the basis of his record.
2009 Jeruslaem Post (Nexis) 4 Nov. 4 In an unprecedented move, State Attorney Moshe Lador sent a letter to Justice Minister Yaakov Neeman..blasting him over his plan to split the State Attorney's Office.
state banquet n. a formal, ceremonial dinner hosted by a head of state, now esp. one to which a visiting head of state is invited for the purpose of renewing or celebrating diplomatic ties.
ΚΠ
1827 Museum May 422/2 The particular marks of precedence in a state banquet.
1911 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Jrnl.-Gaz. 11 June 23/6 The numerous royalties, having arrived and spent a night in London, will all be invited to a state banquet.., given by the king at Buckingham palace.
2010 J. Goldingay Numbers & Deuteronomy for Everyone 78 A state banquet, when..people have to sit in the right places, the silverware has to be laid out correctly, and there is appropriate dress to be worn.
state bed n. a bed or throne used by a monarch or other person of high rank to receive visitors, being typically richly decorated and having a canopy or baldachin; cf. sense 17a.
ΚΠ
1700 J. Hopkins Amasia I. ii. 42 He on a flying state-bed richly made, Rock'd by young thunder, is in transport lay'd.
?1762 W. Ince & J. Mayhew Universal Syst. Houshold Furnit. (1960) 5 A State Bed, with a Dome Teaster, which has been executed, and may be esteemed amongst the best in England.
1812 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. 104 King Duncan in grand majesty Has got my state bed for a snooze.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products State-bed, an elaborately carved or decorated bed.
1955 R. Fastnedge Eng. Furnit. Styles iii. 86 Queen Anne's state bed, at Hampton Court, is hung, with Spitalfields velvet, patterned in rich colours on a cream ground.
1997 National Trust Mag. Spring 22/2 The tester from the Chatsworth State Bed..dates from about 1690.
state cabin n. = state room n. (in various senses).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > room, locker, or quarters > [noun] > cabin > for captain or superior officers
coach1660
state room1660
state cabin1736
aftercabin1787
aft-cabin1806
cuddy1917
1736 J. Wesley Jrnl. 17 Jan. in Extract Jrnl. Georgia (1740) 32 The Sea..burst through the Windows of the State Cabin.
1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xvi. 169 Going down to the state cabin.
1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 167/2 Each side [of the saloon is] occupied with State cabins.
2010 A. Green Moses Montefiore iv. 82 Furniture and boxes rolled from side to side of the state cabin.
state-centred adj. of, relating to, or based on the centralized government of the State.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [adjective] > centred on or oriented to
state-centred1912
state-oriented1955
1912 E. H. Stokes Conception Kingdom of Ends ii. ii. 7 The old moral order..had been so largely state-centered that it could not survive the disintegration of the empire.
1957 K. A. Wittfogel Oriental Despotism 33 The state-centered system of land grants as it prevailed in early China.
1977 Dædalus Summer 53 Is the state-centered concept of international politics..still relevant to the age of interdependence?
2006 J. Zielonka Europe as Empire (2007) 8 The state-centred argument always emphasizes the state and its institutional structures.
state church n. a church established by or controlled by the State; frequently opposed to free church n. 2a.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > kinds of church government > establishmentarianism > [noun] > instance of
parliament-faith1565
parliament religion1565
Established Church1628
state church1644
national church1645
parliament-church1707
establishmenta1732
law-church1826
1644 R. Williams Blovdy Tenent lxxi. 104 A Nationall Church..a state Church (whether explicite, as in Old England, or implicite, as in New) is not the Institution of the Lord Iesus Christ.
1726 J. Trapp Popery i. 63 They call our church and Religion, a State-Church, and Religion.
1888 P. Schaff Mod. Christian in Hist. Christian Church i. 83 Christianity flourishes best without a state-church.
1992 Chicago Tribune 12 Nov. i. 1/4 The proposal to ordain women underscored growing concern about the future relevance of a state church.
state-churchism n. (support for) a theory or system of organization in which a church is established by or controlled by the State.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > kinds of church government > establishmentarianism > [noun]
statist1602
statism1609
state-churchism1742
establishmentism1851
establishmentarianism1873
1742 T. Morgan Brief Exam. Mr. Warburton's Divine Legation Moses 131 Real Christianity, or the Religion of the Gospel, can have no Relation to..State Churchism.
1862 R. Vaughan Eng. Nonconformity 391 State-churchism in any form was not in logical accordance with the leading principle of their polity.
1916 G. Cross in G. B. Smith Guide Study Christian Relig. vii. 403 The struggle between state-churchism and Free-churchism in England, Holland, and America.
2006 J. Parry Politics of Patriotism iii. 169 It was essential to avoid the errors of continental State-Churchism.
state-churchman n. a man belonging to a state church; an advocate of state-churchism.
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society > faith > church government > kinds of church government > establishmentarianism > [noun] > supporter of
parliamentarian1605
malignant1642
state-churchman1705
establishmentarian1846
1705 D. Defoe Rev. Affairs France II. 246/1 A growing Whimsie of State Churchmen.., a new Unchristian, Antichristian Engine, called Moderation.
1845 E. Miall in Nonconformist 5 397 Government officials, who, of course, will be state-churchmen to a man.
1987 F. Fernández-Armesto Before Columbus ii. 47 He was a state-churchman.
state college n. U.S. a publicly funded college supported or managed by the state (sense 29a) in which it is located; cf. state university n.
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society > education > place of education > college or university > [noun] > college > other colleges
agricultural college1778
state college1806
ladies' college1835
fem sem1842
junior college1899
ag1905
correspondence college1911
Aggie1920
seven sisters1927
juku1962
sixth-form college1965
society > education > place of education > college or university > [noun] > university > types of
state college1806
state university1811
Oxbridge1849
Camford1850
state1899
multiversity1926
Ivy League1939
red brick1943
televersity1950
televarsity1961
1806 S. Blodget Economica App. p. iv Controuling and humbling the state colleges.
1831 J. M. Peck Guide for Emigrants 256 One sixth part is to be..bestowed on a state college or university.
1901 F. M. Norris in Lit. Digest 23 761/1 In many state colleges nowadays all literary courses, except the most elementary..are optional.
1976 National Observer (U.S.) 1 May b5/4 The bulk of the newly admitted enjoyed a style of training, in junior and state colleges, little superior to that of the high school.
2002 B. Mukherjee Desirable Daughters xii. 192 She was a professor of literature of some such in one of those poky state colleges.
state day n. (a) a day on which a state occasion takes place (now historical and rare); (b) a public holiday in a state (sense 29a); a day on which an event is held in honour of a particular state.
ΚΠ
1689 Indictment & Arraignm. J. Price 32 The last State-day we had,..he was taken, and sent to Limerick.
1704 Acct. Innovations Archbishop Dublin 17 The Governments Chaplains always Preach'd upon State-days.
1767 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 197 The future dress..for the Aldermen..to be by them worn only on the Waiting Sundays and other public state days.
1799 Spirit of Public Jrnls. 1797 (ed. 2) I. 95 How many battle-axes, kettle-drummers, trumpeters, pages, equerries, &c. attend him on state-days?
1861 W. M. Thackeray Adventures of Philip i, in Cornhill Mag. Jan. 6 I thought..he would have his carriage on a State-day.
1890 H. R. Pattengill (title) Special day exercises: arbor day, memorial days, state day, flag exercises, mothers' day, [etc.].
1905 Gentleman's Mag. May 470 Charles II..presented this infamous woman to her Majesty in the midst of princes and nobles on a State day at Hampton Court.
1963 Mason City (Iowa) Globe-Gaz. 22 Aug. 1/7 Evan Hultman, Iowa's attorney general,..was conspicuous by his absence from the State Day festivities.
1999 M. Azaryahu in E. Lomsky-Feder & E. Ben-Ari Mil. & Militarism in Israeli Society iv. 98 On State Day 1948, for instance, parades were held in Tel Aviv.
State Department n. U.S. the federal government department for international relations, presided over by the Secretary of State; cf. department of state at department n. 3c.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government department or agency > [noun] > U.S. government department or agency > specific
Navy Department1779
State Department1790
Indian bureau1824
Bureau of Indian Affairs1826
department of state1890
consumer unit1933
Foggy Bottom1947
state1952
U.S.I.A.1953
Ginnie Mae1968
1790 Deb. Congr. U.S. 1 Apr. (1834) 1505 The resolution laid on the table yesterday, respecting the State Department.
1834 N.-Y. Spectator 24 Apr. K. R. Waldron,..bearer of despatches from Mexico to the State Department.
1930 Times (Weekly ed.) 9 Jan. 35/1 On the eve of its meeting the State Department published the New Year greetings exchanged between King George and President Hoover.
1970 E. Snow Other Side of River (new ed.) 26 Under pressure he had himself made a State Department-accredited ‘correspondent’.
2005 N.Y. Times 25 Sept. (T: Style Mag.) 98 Travel to Afghanistan is firmly discouraged by the State Department.
state dependant n. a person who is reliant upon the State, esp. for financial support.
ΚΠ
1795 Frogmore Fair 10 The stately Monarch stood With all his family,—a comely brood! Besides their titled and useful attendants, With sundry others of the state dependants.
1847 Eclectic Rev. Mar. 364 Did it never occur to your lordship to doubt the effect on our social system..of converting all the schoolmasters in the country into state-dependants?
1924 Scotsman 22 Feb. 7/3 They were going to deal with the question of widows and children,..making them State dependants instead of parish charges.
2011 M. Van De Mieroop Hist. Anc. Egypt 182 The wealth generated enabled numerous state dependants in the civil, military, and religious branches of government to live in luxury.
state dollar n. chiefly U.S. (a) a dollar coin or note issued by a state; (b) a dollar spent or held by an individual state (in contrast to the federal government).
ΚΠ
1781 Freeman's Jrnl. (U.S.) 6 June (heading) Forty state dollars reward.
1884 H. Richardson Standard Dollar 8 These coins became widely known as reichsthalers, rixdollars, or state dollars.
1892 Sunday Inter Ocean (Chicago) 18 Sept. 10/2 An opening for the expenditure of a few more State dollars.
1977 National Jrnl. (U.S.) (Nexis) 8 Jan. 44 Every state dollar spent in Mississippi is matched by $3.76 from Washington.
2011 Palm Beach Post (Florida) (Nexis) 8 Dec. 1 a Gov. Rick Scott called for a $1 billion increase in state dollars for public schools.
state education n. education provided or funded by the State or a state; an instance of this; spec. education in a state school (often contrasted with private education n. at private adj.1, adv., and n. Compounds 1a).
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society > education > [noun] > systematic education > education at school > at a non-private school
state education?c1830
public education1835
?c1830 J. Sinclair Code Polit. Econ. v. 30 There are serious objections to the proposal of a State education for any part of Great Britain.
1879 H. Beecher Stowe in N. Amer. Rev. June 612 The leaders of State Education at the South have been well disposed to the colored race;..in theory they regard them entitled to an equal share in State education.
1924 Crisis Jan. 121/1 In the Belgian Congo..we demand a system of state education.
1991 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 2 July My family was very poor. A good state education was the way I got out.
2012 Independent (Nexis) 2 Feb. (Educ. section) 2 Taking the step to go private wasn't easy, because the couple had always been in favour of state education.
State Enrolled Nurse n. (also State Enrolled Assistant Nurse) British (now disused) (the title of) a nurse enrolled on an official State register and having a qualification lower than that of a State Registered Nurse (State Registered Nurse n.); abbreviated SEN.The United Kingdom Nursing and Midwifery Council no longer issues this qualification and requires prospective nurses to train as registered nurses (see registered nurse n. at registered adj. and n. Compounds).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > healer > nurse > [noun] > enrolled
State Enrolled Nurse1945
S.E.N.1961
1945 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 45 894 [In Britain] no-one may call herself a nurse unless she is a state-registered nurse or..a state-enrolled assistant nurse.
1961 Nursing Mirror & Midwives' Jrnl. 23 June 1143/2 The lettering on badges and certificates of existing State Enrolled Assistant Nurses will not be altered when the title is changed to State Enrolled Nurse as from June 28 this year.
1992 H. S. Mirza Young, Female & Black 204 Black nurses are often employed as SENs (State Enrolled Nurses).
2011 Times (Nexis) 29 Sept. 29 The system lost the ‘little greenies’—the state enrolled nurses (SENs) in green uniforms who did a two-year induction programme and were junior to state registered nurses (SRNs).
state enterprise n. a company, organization, etc., created by the State in order to carry out commercial activity; the practice of establishing and running such enterprises.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > [noun] > other types of company
incorporation1530
acquisitor1668
private company?1711
private practice1724
public company1730
trading house1760
acquiror1789
in-company1791
public corporation1796
company1800
subsidiary company1823
proprietary company1824
stock-company1827
trust company1827
subsidiary1828
concessionaire1839
commandite1844
statutory company1847
parent company1854
mastership1868
state enterprise1886
Pty.1904
asset class1931
acquirer1950
parent1953
growth company1959
spin-off1959
non-profit1961
shell1964
not-for-profit1969
vehicle1971
spin-out1972
startup1975
greenfield1982
large-cap1982
monoline1984
small cap1984
mid-cap1988
multidomestic1989
dotcom1996
1886 Times 16 Aug. 3/2 It might appear from this that the railways are the most disastrous of the many ruinous Russian State enterprises.
1902 N.Y. Times 3 Jan. 7/1 The companies deriving wealth from the collection of rubber are all more or less State enterprises, as a third or half the shares in them is invariably held by the Government.
1937 Rotarian Dec. 56/1 There can be little doubt that State enterprise has, on the whole, been effective in Sweden.
1997 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 26 Feb. a1 In the 18 years since Margaret Thatcher led the Conservatives to power, they have sold virtually every major state enterprise in Britain, from coal mines and water companies to the telephone operator and the national airline.
† state face n. Obsolete an affectedly solemn expression, as of a courtier or person ostensibly burdened by state secrets; (later also) a dignified or noble expression; cf. state grimace n.
ΚΠ
1616 B. Jonson Challenge at Tilt 128 in Wks. I There shall not the greatest pretender, to a state-face, liuing, put on a more supercilious looke then I will doe vpon you.
1639 H. Glapthorne Trag. Albertus Wallenstein ii. ii. sig. Diiv You must not then accost her..in the Spanish garbe, with a state face.
1843 Fraser's Mag. Jan. 50/2 His state-face—a deep smile of respectful welcome.
1874 P. Sheldon Woman's a Riddle II. 260 For seven days it was her state face—the face with which she went through the ceremony of sighing over condolences.
† state-fallen adj. Obsolete fallen from a high rank or position of power.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > [adjective] > made humble
meekeda1382
meekened1539
humbleda1616
abased1658
chasteneda1785
state-fallen1845
1845 ‘E. Warburton’ Crescent & Cross II. 287 Every thing about this state-fallen prince wore an appearance of poverty and sadness.
1877 Chambers's Jrnl. Aug. 4 485/2 Desolate and state-fallen, they open now only to admit the curious stranger.
state funding n. funding provided by the State or a state, esp. for a particular project or service.
ΚΠ
1838 Mississippian 28 Dec. We are opposed to all State funding.
1910 Acad. Polit. Sci. 25 343 The state funding of turnpike, canal and railway enterprises.
1973 Times 5 Feb. 10/3 The games were originally awarded to Denver..but Colorado voters rejected state funding in a referendum three months ago.
2008 D. Webster in H. V. Knudsen Secondary Educ. Issues & Challenges i. 7 The government had no effective means of influencing private sector institutions which, precisely because they were not dependent on state funding, could not be controlled through financial policies.
state funeral n. a formal, ceremonial, public funeral held to honour a head of state or other figure of national significance, often incorporating military honours.
ΚΠ
1761 J. Mills tr. J. B. L. Crevier Rom. Hist. VIII. xxiii. i. 158 His physicians..made their report, that his health decayed, and his end drew near: a comic scene; the equivalent to which is practised in our state funerals.
1843 Morning Chron. 2 May 5/8 The funeral, it is now understood, will be a state funeral, and that all the attendants of the Royal Family will appear in state dresses.
1935 U. Close Behind Face of Japan xii. 152 The Emperor sent him the rank of marquis.., the junior grade of first court rank, sanction for a state funeral.
1997 Daily Tel. 2 Sept. 2/8 The funeral..would not be classed as a state funeral, mainly because the Princess's body will not lie in state and will be privately interred.
2011 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 22 Dec. 20 This decision to grant a state funeral, with all it involves in terms of honour, ceremony and cost, is controversial.
state government n. the government of a nation or state; now spec. (also with capital initial(s)) the government of one of the states of the United States of America, the Commonwealth of Australia, etc. (sometimes as distinct from the federal or national government).
ΚΠ
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece Argt. sig. A2v With one consent..the Tarquins were all exiled, and the state gouernment [of Rome] changed from Kings to Consuls. View more context for this quotation
1692 A. Shields Hist. Scotch-presbytery 23 Having thus overturned the Church-Government..the King proceeds in his Design, to pervert..the..Constitution of the State-Government also.
1790 T. Jefferson Let. 20 June in J. P. Boyd Papers XVI. (1961) 537 There will be the objection still that Congress must then lay taxes for these debts which could have been much better laid and collected by the state governments.
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. I. i. 65 The Michiganians were in the singular position of having a state government in full operation, while they were excluded from the Union.
1919 J. Quick Legislative Powers Commonw. & States Austral. v. v. 906 The right of State Governments to import goods is subject to the customs laws of the Commonwealth.
1990 Hindu (Madras) 16 Jan. 3/2 An increase in the..cash awards given by the State Government for encouraging Tamil writers.
2009 S. W. Schmidt et al. Amer. Govt. & Politics Today (Texas ed.) vi. xxv. 874 Operation of prisons and jails, highway construction and repair,..and the proposed ownership..of the Trans Texas Corridor are just a few examples of private contractors performing state government functions.
state governor n. the governor of a nation or state; now spec. (also with capital initial(s)) the elected head of one of the states of the United States.In Australia and some other regions with ‘state governments’ the leader is called premier (see premier n. 3) rather than state governor.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > [noun]
grievec950
warden1297
presidenta1382
procuratora1382
governora1393
seneschalc1400
lieutenant1423
promissary?c1500
governator1522
provincial1590
ethnarch1602
state governor1608
proconsul1650
stadholder1704
superintendent1758
meridarch1866
prez.1919
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > governors by country > [noun] > of a state of U.S.
state governor1608
governor1683
1608 C. Lever Heauen & Earth, Relig. & Policy vii. 74 God..hauing giuen it [sc. this Nation] such..State gouernors as no Christian Nation can out-glory it.
1681 R. Baxter Compassionate Counsel Young-men §. 25. iv. 154 When the malignity of Church or State Governours..hath made it the way to preferment to declaim against some Truth.
1783 A. Stokes Constit. Brit. Colonies iii. 119 Whilst Georgia continued under the King's Government, the Governor was appointed by his Majesty..: but now the State Governor is chosen annually (by ballot) by the Representatives of the People.
1848 F. Grimké Considerations upon Nature & Tendency Free Instit. iv. ii. 416 The executive power is distributed between the president and the thirty state governors.
1925 T. R. Williamson Prob. Amer. Democracy v. B. 469 The average salary received by a state Governor is $5000 a year.
1990 V. S. Naipaul India: Million Mutinies (1991) iii. 196 The maharajas in India had lost their titles in 1956, but..in Mysore the maharaja still had considerable ceremonial standing as state governor.
2004 Europa World Year Bk. II. 3154/2 The State Governor of Florida..and brother of the US President, George W. Bush.
† state grimace n. Obsolete rare an affectedly solemn expression; cf. state face n.
ΚΠ
1728 J. Swift Mad Mullinix & Timothy in Intelligencer (1729) viii. 70 Thy screw'd-up front, thy state-grimace.
state hospital n. a hospital funded and operated by the state, or a state; spec. (U.S.) a public psychiatric hospital.
ΚΠ
1799 Med. Repository 2 313 Neither in the state hospital, nor city hospital of New-York, did the disease shew any contagious quality.
1845 D. L. Dix Mem. State Hosp. for Insane 3 I ask you to provide for the immediate establishment of a State Hospital for the insane.
1921 J. Goldberg Social Aspects Treatm. Insane iii. 114 The following table indicates the overcrowding of the state hospitals.
2002 B. M. Hepburn & L. I. Sederer in S. S. Sharfstein et al. Textbk. Hosp. Psychiatry i. xiii. 202 The reduction of state hospital beds in addition to the recent declines in the number of..private psychiatric hospital beds has resulted in 80% of states reporting a shortage in psychiatric beds.
state immunity n. Law immunity of a state or the State (including certain government departments or officials) from the jurisdiction of the courts of other states; the legal doctrine or principle of such immunity; cf. sovereign immunity n. at sovereign n. and adj. Additions.
ΚΠ
1880 Rep. Minority Special Comm. Railroads 89 in Docs. Assembly State of N.Y. (103rd Session, Doc. No. 61) III. [Is it] just for the National Congress to restrict the Erie Railway while leaving the New York Central free under its distinct State immunity between its terminal points.
1928 Times 20 Feb. 17/1 State shipowning has resulted in heavy losses and is on the wane, and the Convention to abolish State immunity is now ready to be ratified.
1981 Mod. Law Rev. 44 249 Contemporaneous developments in English case law, coupled with the State Immunity Act 1978 and the European Convention on State Immunity 1972, seem to have finally settled the question whether state owned or controlled entities may rely on sovereign immunity to avoid their contractual obligations.
2015 W. Czapliński in A. Peters et al. Immunities in Age Global Constitutionalism iv. 47 The judgment of the Polish Supreme Court expressly referred to previous jurisprudence of domestic courts in matters involving state immunity.
state law n. a law of the State; (also) a law of a state (sense 29a), as contrasted with a federal law; (as a mass noun) such laws as a body.
ΚΠ
1651 E. Hall Lingua Testium 36 The Church of God (before Christ) was beholding to a Monarch, both for their Church-Laws and State-Laws.
1810 W. Burdon Brief Treat. Privileges House of Commons 127 His Lordship shewed still greater ignorance of the State law, for he asserted that the judges have no cognizance of the Acts.
1917 Sydney Morning Herald 27 June 11/8 Civil servants at present voluntarily pay Federal income tax, although not compelled to do so by State law.
2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 5 Oct. iv. 3/4 There is no federal shield law, and the state laws are of no help to journalists in federal prosecutions.
state legislation n. legislation governing a state (sense 29a), esp. as contrasted with federal legislation; (occasionally also) legislation governing the State or nation.
ΚΠ
1788 Deb. & Proc. Constit. Convent. State N.Y. 45 Let us consider the powers of the national government, and compare them with the objects of state legislation.
1791 W. Harper Christian Remembrancer 8 The copious..libations poured out..at the London Tavern, had rendered the minds of many as unfit to govern themselves..as to form any wise and virtuous system of State legislation.
1837 Plaindealer 6 May 354/1 We desire to see banking divorced not only from federal legislation, but from state legislation.
1933 Rotarian Sept. 45/2 There is some state legislation restricting the working hours of truck drivers, but no such federal legislation.
1970 K. F. Walker Austral. Industr. Relations Syst. i. i. 12 Once the federal tribunal entered a field it covered it to the exclusion of state legislation.
2011 P. Dixon & R. Gellman Online Privacy ii. 56 States also began to pass regulatory legislation, but, given the absence of geographical borders on the Internet, state legislation was not very effective.
state legislator n. a member of a state legislature.
ΚΠ
1798 J. T. Callender Sedgwick & Co. 83 Their constituents ought to have avenged it by a general sweeping, at the next election of state legislators.
1868 L. B. Woolfolk World's Crisis 81 Congressional elections..would have been attended with as little passion as elections of state legislators.
1941 Times 30 Oct. 3/4 Visitors to the exhibition included the Governor, South Australian Ministers, and Federal and State legislators.
2011 M. Sullivan Corporate Tax Reform xi. 115 State legislators cannot seem to make up their minds who to side with—one year wishing to collect more revenue, the next wishing to provide incentives.
state legislature n. (also with capital initial(s)) the legislative body of a state (sense 29a).
ΚΠ
1784 Acts & Laws State of Connecticut (ed. 2) 1 The electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature.
1813 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 203 In the debates of Congress, of State legislatures, of stump-orators.
1933 H. S. Agar People's Choice v. 147 Three years later he began his political career by going to the State Legislature.
2008 Guardian 8 May 28/5 A man who was toiling in obscurity in the Illinois state legislature three years ago is on the brink of defeating the dynasty that has dominated Democratic politics for almost two decades.
state letter n. now chiefly historical an official letter concerning some State or government matter; esp. one written by a secretary of state.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] > official letter
missive letter1444
missive1590
state letter1603
state1880
official1884
1603 T. Bell Anat. Popish Tyrannie 167 A state letter which I receiued this weeke from you.
1692 Post Office patent to T. Neale 17 Feb. (MS.) All letters commonly called State letters which are usually carried Postage ffree here in England shall pass free thorow all our Plantations and Iselands.
1738 T. Birch Life Milton in J. Milton Wks. I. 59 Besides the Works already mentioned, he was prevail'd upon..to get his State-Letters transcrib'd.
1884 Gazetteer Bombay Presidency VIII. 234 These postal lines are almost entirely used in carrying state letters.
1918 H. Ten Eyck Perry 1st Duchess Newcastle & Husband 12 A state letter from John Woodford to Sir Francis Nethersole.
2010 B. Andrea in Women writing Back 260 All these editors deem Elizabeth the ultimate author of state letters.
state line n. the border of a state (in sense 29a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > boundary > [noun] > land-boundary > of a region or territory > specific
regality1666
state line1783
1783 Virginia Gaz. 20 Dec. 2/3 George R. Clark, Surveyor State Line.
1868 Harper's Mag. June 123/2 He pronounced ‘good-by’ to the Prairie State, at the State line.
1934 R. Riskin It Happened One Night in Six Screenplays (1997) 270 At the rate he started, he's probably passed two state lines by this time. The exercise is good for him.
1987 M. Dorris Yellow Raft in Blue Water (1988) ii. 23 It's probably a federal offense to take stolen videotapes across state lines.
2008 E. Fernandes Last Jews of Kerala vii. 114 They were converted Christians from Chennai, from across the state line in Tamil Nadu.
† state making n. Obsolete conveyance of an estate; cf. sense 32a.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > transfer of property > [noun]
release1344
alienationc1425
conveying1483
transportc1485
state making1487
conveyance1523
designation1573
transferring1573
assignation1579
dispose1591
assignment1592
convey1592
disposing1638
disposurea1649
attornment1650
abalienation1656
transfer1674
disposal1697
conveyancing1714
transference1766
disposition1861
1487 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1487 §12. m. 5 By meane of eny feffeement, state makyng or relees.
state occasion n. a formal occasion of national importance, typically involving grand or splendid ceremonies attended by the head of state, leading members of the government, etc.; (also in extended use) an important or ceremonial occasion.
ΚΠ
1691 ‘Gen. Ludlow’ Let. to Sir E. S. 12 The Deputy Lieutenants and Justices of Dorsetshire..were severely checked, for that instead of Conformity they disputed, and were told, That State Occasions were not to be guided by ordinary Precedents.
1759 Mod. Part Universal Hist. IV. ii. iv. 300 They never fail to have a scarlet robe for state occasions.
1803 Times 17 Jan. Hammer-cloths, except on state occasions, are quite out of date, and the dickey-box is following their example.
1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. II. 53 Referring to the gold watch, which was wound up on state occasions, whether it required it or not.
1900 Harper's Mag. Jan. 254 The stambouline..is a queer single-breasted frock-coat, designed for all state occasions.
1967 Life 5 May 36 (caption) This was postwar Germany's first full-dress state occasion.
2003 Times 11 Dec. (Sport section) 54 The victory parade was live simultaneously on BBC and ITV, as State occasions tend to be.
state opening n. a formal inauguration of an event, assembly, etc., carried out by a head of state (usually a monarch) or his or her representative; (later chiefly) spec. (in the United Kingdom) the ceremonial opening of a new parliamentary session at which the monarch delivers a speech reflecting the legislative agenda of the serving government.
ΚΠ
1849 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. June 173/1 The lamentable death of Mr. Huskisson at the state opening, is an event too well known to be dwelt upon.
1869 York Herald 20 Feb. 8/4 The appearance of the Upper Chamber, though divested of the splendour of a State opening, was nevertheless not devoid of interest to those who witnessed it.
1910 N.Y. Times 1 Nov. 7/3 The Duke of Connaught..will formally open the first Parliament of the Union of South Africa on behalf of King George... Pending the state opening on Nov. 4, the Parliament was convened to-day by Lord Gladstone.
1926 Irish Times 13 Apr. 7/5 The State opening at the Suleimanke Canal headworks by..the Governor of the Punjab, in the absence of the Viceroy.
2002 B. Taylor Scotland's Parl. xvi. 314 When Her Majesty performs the state opening at Westminster, the MPs are summoned to the Lords.
state-oriented adj. directed towards or favouring the interests of the State.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [adjective] > centred on or oriented to
state-centred1912
state-oriented1955
1955 Amer. Hist. Rev. 60 725 The Greek and Roman experience of state-oriented and state-dominated political religion.
1961 Encounter Sept. 24/1 The political self-consciousness of the individual citizen is State-oriented.
2003 P. Todd & J. Bloch Global Issues Introd. 2 The focus has shifted from conventional, state-oriented counter-espionage..to countering non-state threats.
state paper n. an official document in which some matter concerning a government or nation is published or expounded; also in extended use.In quot. 1649 as a mass noun.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > state, government, or parliamentary papers > [noun]
papers1612
paper1646
state paper1649
1649 Mercurius Pragmaticus No. 35 sig. Mm4 They may keepe their mock-Acts to wipe —— withall, the time drawes neere when the whole Kingdome will make no better use of State Paper.
1700 F. Atterbury Rights Eng. Convocation vii. 274 The way of Wording these State-Papers is a matter of great Weight.
1740 S. Haynes (title) A collection of state papers.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 172 No man wrote abler state papers.
1917 Christian Reg. (Boston) 25 Jan. 77/1 Mr. Wilson's utterance was greeted in the lobbies of the Senate and in the press of the country as a state paper of the first importance.
2002 A. N. Wilson Victorians xliii. 615 She continued to be punctilious about..reading the boxes of state papers sent down by ministers.
State Paper Office n. (the title of) an official office or building where state papers are kept; esp. that of England, now forming part of the National Archives.
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1756 Four Pieces containing Full Vindic. His Prussian Majesty's Conduct i. 5 She was prevailed upon to suffer some Papers to be taken out of the State-Paper Office at Dresden.
1824 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. Feb. 233/1 A manuscript work of Milton's has been discovered in the State-Paper Office.
1915 H. Jenkinson Palaeogr. 4 Almost at the same time [temp. Hen. VII] appears a new class of Administration..the Department, the Office of the Secretary of State; whose Records are State Papers, with, very soon, a special home of their own in the State Paper Office.
2009 E. Shepherd Arch. & Archivists in Eng. i. 23 In 1854 the State Paper Office became a branch of the PRO [= Public Record Office].
state park n. U.S. a park managed by the state (sense 29a) in which it is located.
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1858 Daily Morning News (Savannah, Georgia) 22 Apr. 1/2 A boundless State park, which contains twenty million acres of old fields and ten millions in original forests.
1885 Cent. Mag. Apr. 826 When the bill to establish a State park at Niagara was on its passage,..the great majority of the country members were opposed to it, fearing that it might conceal some land-jobbing scheme.
1969 C. F. Burke God is Beautiful, Man (1970) 30 They took a trip to a place that looked like a state park.
2007 New Mexico Mag. Sept. 12 Hiking, bouldering and camping are permitted at the state park.
state pension n. a pension provided by the State or a state, (now) esp. one granted to a person upon reaching retirement age.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > payment in consideration of past service > types of
out-pension1711
commandery1721
state pension1745
flying pensionc1770
war pension1930
SERPS1983
eligible termination payment1984
1745 Seventh Satyre Juvenal Imitated 14 Thus Courts were seen on Addison to smile; And a State Pension crown'd the Tutor's Toil.
1866 Maine Farmer 5 Apr. (heading) State Pensions. At the recent session of the Legislature, an act was passed granting to each soldier..a pension of eight dollars per month.
1913 Liberal Mag. Sept. 557 Nearly a million pensioners every week get their State pension at the Post Office.
1979 W. Beckerman Poverty & Impact of Income Maintenance Programmes vii. 87 How far each society views state pensions as being primarily a means to eliminate what was once..the main cause of poverty,..old age.
2012 New Statesman (Electronic ed.) 30 July 19 The British want good-quality health and education..[and] decent state pensions and social care.
state police n. †(a) government policy; cf. police n. 1 (obsolete); (b) the police force of the State; (also) a police force with authority across and within a particular state (sense 29a).
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society > authority > rule or government > politics > [noun] > branches of politics
public policec1450
state police1779
world-policy1848
world politics1857
geopolitics1901
Weltpolitik1903
biopolitics1927
psychopolitics1942
micropolitics1951
agro-politics1960
eco-politics1970
identity politics1973
gender politics1977
society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > police forces in specific countries or regions
holy brotherhooda1739
hermandad1772
religious police1775
state police1779
gendarmerie1792
police1798
Scotland Yard1830
guardia civil1846
RCMP1920
RUC1922
Arab Legion1923
Garda Síochána1923
Schupo1923
Mets1944
Vopo1954
maréchaussée1955
U.S.C.1963
Garda1970
1779 Gazetteer & New Daily Advertiser 31 Aug. 1/2 Tranquility within..may be better defined by the words, State police and internal regulation.
1831 Morning Post 20 Oct. 2/5 The day after this event the Gazette was seized, having thus avoided the snares of the State Police.
1846 Sharpe's London Mag. 19 Dec. 115/2 They troubled not their heads, I warrant you, with questions of metaphysics and state police.
1857 Evening Bull. (San Francisco) 12 Feb. 2/1 A plan has been concocted to establish a State Police, to be perpetually galloping about to catch the rogues.
1934 New Republic 18 July 249/2 The Geheime Staats Polizei, usually called the Gestapo, the secret state police of Prussia.
1985 Billboard 17 Aug. 9/4 With Federal Police assistance scaled down as a result of current staff shortages, ARIA has successfully recruited the state police in New South Wales.
2010 W. G. Tapply Outwitting Trolls 184 For the record, I'm Homicide Detective Roger Horowitz, Massachusetts State Police.
state prayers n. Christian Church prayers for the king, royal family, or national government, typically forming part of the order for morning and evening prayer.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > prayer > kinds of prayer > [noun] > for royal family
state prayers1655
1655 S. Gorton Saltmarsh (James v. 4) 22 Kings Chappels, and pulpits of State, State-prayers, and state-like officers in the Church.
1718 Mem. Life J. Kettlewell iii. 251 Clergy and Laity who had not taken the New Oath, and who were offended at the State-Prayers.
1831 W. L. Bowles Life Bp. Ken II. 246 Even at Long-Leat, the state-prayers, as they were called, disturbed his mind, so as to prevent his attending the chapel.
1908 H. Rashdall in Anglican Liberalism 103 Most of us would like to make some changes..in the adulatory State Prayers.
2006 Nelson Mail (N.Z.) (Nexis) 14 June 3 A special service to honour the Queen..will be held at Nelson's Christ Church Cathedral on Sunday... The service will feature state prayers and royal music.
state prison n. (a) a prison managed by the State; (in early use) spec. †one in which political offenders are held (obsolete); (b) a prison managed by the state (sense 29a) in which it is located.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun]
quarternOE
prisona1200
jailc1275
lodgec1290
galleya1300
chartrea1325
ward1338
keepingc1384
prison-house1419
lying-house1423
javel1483
tollbooth1488
kidcotec1515
clinkc1530
warding-place1571
the hangman's budget1589
Newgate1592
gehenna1594
Lob's pound1597
caperdewsie1599
footman's inn1604
cappadochio1607
pena1640
marshalsea1652
log-house1662
bastille1663
naskin1673
state prison1684
tronk1693
stone-doublet1694
iron or stone doublet1698
college1699
nask1699
quod1699
shop1699
black hole1707
start1735
coop1785
blockhouse1796
stone jug1796
calaboose1797
factory1806
bull-pen1809
steel1811
jigger1812
jug1815
kitty1825
rock pile1830
bughouse1842
zindan1844
model1845
black house1846
tench1850
mill1851
stir1851
hoppet1855
booby hatch1859
caboose1865
cooler1872
skookum house1873
chokey1874
gib1877
nick1882
choker1884
logs1888
booby house1894
big house1905
hoosegow1911
can1912
detention camp1916
pokey1919
slammer1952
joint1953
slam1960
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > for political prisoners
state prison1684
1684 R. Ferguson Enq. Murther Earl of Essex 74 The Tower of London..is his Majesty's Royal Palace as well as the State Prison.
1723 R. Blackmore Alfred x. 365 Judg'd Guilty and condemn'd they were convey'd To the State-Prisons.
1795 A. Hughes Jemima II. 77 Gave the air of a state prison to the apartment.
1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. at Prison We have state-prisons, for the confinement of criminals by way of punishment.
1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 158 Out in the lake is a state-prison called the Wellenberg.
1867 C. H. Pearson in G. C. Brodrick Ess. Reform 193 They..are filling the State prisons in Victoria and New South Wales.
1909 Chatterbox 62/2 Charles II made the castle for some years a state prison.
1964 D. Glaser Effectiveness of Prison & Parole Syst. viii. 174 The duration of disciplinary segregation is much briefer in federal prisons than in most state prisons.
2006 Nuts 11 Aug. 44/2 One prison guard received £260,000 to fix a drug lord's escape from state prison in San Diego.
state prisoner n. a person confined or imprisoned for political reasons (cf. prisoner of state n. at prisoner n.2 Phrases 3); a prisoner held in a state prison (in various senses).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prisoner > [noun] > political or prisoner of conscience
state prisoner1677
prisoner of conscience1738
political prisoner1828
political1884
1677 Case Mr. Francis Jenkes 30 The keeper of the Gate-house not Kalendering any State prisoner..at the Sessions for Westminster, he might lye there all his life time without triall.
1757 Duke of Rutland Jrnl. 24 Aug. in Tour N. & S. Wales (1805) 160 The reason of this attention to the prisoners was, on account of the evidence which they had in their power to give against the state prisoners, and which, if ill-treated, they might possibly withhold.
1766 T. Smollett Trav. France & Italy II. 227 The isles Marguerites, where state-prisoners are confined.
1807 (title) Case of St. John Mason, who was confined as a state-prisoner, in Kilmainham.
1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xxxv. 360 Who ever heard of a state prisoner escaping by a hickry-bark ladder?
1904 J. Conrad Nostromo i. vi. 41 Their neighbour..had suffered untold indignities as a state prisoner in the time of the tyrant Guzman Bento.
1990 Washington Post 6 Mar. a4/5 The court strips state prisoners of virtually any meaningful federal review of the constitutionality of their incarceration.
state prosecutor n. a lawyer appointed to conduct criminal prosecutions on behalf of the State or a state, or in the public interest; cf. public prosecutor n. at public adj. and n. Compounds 1b.
ΚΠ
1806 Port Folio 2 Aug. 50/2 The court..looks with a suspicious eye on the state-prosecutor; it allows him no jot beyond his bond, in whatever can strengthen the prosecution.
1882 Chester (Pa.) Times 14 June 1/5 Colonel Abeel, the State Prosecutor of New Jersey, testified.
1940 T. A. Jackson Trials Brit. Freedom Prol. p. xiii No State Prosecutor in recent times has received so shattering a defeat as that given in 1794 by the jury which acquitted the English Jacobins.
2011 Capital (Annapolis, Maryland) (Nexis) 18 Mar. a1 The state prosecutor is charged with investigating state election law violations.
† statequake n. Obsolete a major disturbance or upheaval within a political state.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > political unrest > [noun] > convulsion of the state
statequake1645
1645 W. Hooke New-Englands Sence 25 There hath been both a Church-quake and a State-quake in that land.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 130 Untill it hath vented it self with a State-quake of those countries.
1766 H. Walpole Let. 12 Dec. in Corr. (1941) X. 236 We have had..many grumbles of a state-quake.
1795 A. Pirie French Revol. Exhib. ii. 23 Fallen victims to this Statequake.
state-registered adj. that has been officially approved, certified, or registered by the State or a state; cf. State Registered Nurse n.
ΚΠ
1856 Westm. Rev. Apr. 557 State-registered diplomas would be no additional guarantee of professional skill.
1959 New Scientist 26 Nov. 1064/1 Once the State registered speech therapists are organized, the application of such advances will inevitably be obstructed.
2012 S. L. Baugh Latino Amer. Cinema 44 He established a historic ranch, now..a state-registered landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
State Registered Nurse n. = registered nurse n. at registered adj. and n. Compounds; spec. (British) one having a qualification higher than a State Enrolled Nurse (State Enrolled Nurse n.); abbreviated SRN (now disused).See note at State Enrolled Nurse n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > healer > nurse > [noun] > registered nurse
registered nurse1876
State Registered Nurse1903
RN1904
RGN1922
S.R.N.1922
1903 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 3 304 The different titles suggested, ‘Graduate Nurse’, ‘Registered Nurse’, ‘State Registered Nurse’, and ‘Registered Graduate Nurse’ were discussed.
1920 Nursing Mirror & Midwives' Jrnl. 17 July 270/1 A Bill for the State Registration of Nurses was drafted by the College in which it was provided that..all the nurses on the College Register would automatically become State-registered nurses without further fee.
1965 D. Edwards-Rees Story of Nursing vi. 66 From 1925 onwards the only way for a new-comer to become a state-registered nurse was to take a three-year course and to pass the state examination at the end of it.
1977 P. Hill Liars ix. 117 On the mantelshelf were pictures..one..of Rose in the full uniform of a State Registered Nurse.
1997 Independent 6 Feb. i. 17/3 I started my training to become a State Registered Nurse in 1949.
state rights n. chiefly U.S. = states' rights n.; frequently attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > rights of federal states
state rights1787
society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > principles or policies
federalism1787
state rights1787
colonizationism1831
hunkerism1845
Reconstructionism1881
Little Americanism1898
Point Four1949
fairness doctrine1952
new frontier1961
Great Society1964
eleventh commandment1966
Nixon Doctrine1969
1787 J. Wilson in Robert Yates's Minutes of Secret Deb. 21 June in Elliott's Deb. (1830) IV. 90 Let us try to designate the powers of each, and when no danger can be apprehended, nor can the general government be possessed of any ambitious views to encroach on the state rights.
1798 S. Smith in Ann. Congress 21 June (1851) 2022 The powers of our general Government are checked by State rights.
1846 S. M. Maury Statesmen Amer. 370 The struggle which ended in the triumph of the State rights party.
1890 C. L. Norton Polit. Americanisms 109 State Rights. The political creed which favours the retention of independent powers by individual States as opposed to ‘Centralization’.
1930 W. K. Hancock Australia vi. 121 In truth, Australian public opinion (even that section of it which is disposed to favour ‘State rights’) has only a fitful, ineffective interest in maintaining the Federal balance.
2000 H. V. Jaffa New Birth of Freedom (2004) iv. 251 The conflict [sc. the American Civil War] was between two different conceptions of state rights and two different conceptions of what constituted the nation.
state school n. a school which is subsidized, funded, or controlled by the State or a state (in senses of branch III.); (British, Australian, and New Zealand) one which provides free education (often opposed to private school).
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society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > publicly maintained school
free school1500
common school1503
public school1636
state school1806
national school1814
burgh-school1864
board-school1873
provided school1902
council school1908
direct-grant school1945
1806 S. Blodget Economica 181 He has..sent magnificent presents to a state school in these United States.
1846 Eng. Rev. 6 138 The number actually schooled in the State schools was no less than 2,021,421.
1885 Guardian 6 May 697/3 Chapters on the State schools, whether..real schools, or gymnasia.
1917 A. S. Neill Dominie Dismissed ii. 27 Our rulers..send the rest of the sons of the community to State schools where they are trained to be disciplined and content with their lot.
1979 J. Freeman Gifted Children (1980) 210 The occupations and educations of the mothers of private school children were significantly higher..than those of the state school children's mothers.
2011 Daily Tel. 14 July 27/2 We're criticised for our sharp elbows if we put our children into state schools, and for wishing to segregate if we don't.
state scholarship n. a scholarship awarded by the State or national government for study at a university; such a scholarship awarded by a state (in sense 29a).
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society > education > educational administration > [noun] > scholarships
scholarship1535
demyship1536
burse1560
exhibition1631
travelling fellowship1694
bursary1733
travelling scholarship1798
studentship1802
Newcastle1832
pupilship1838
Newcastle1845
state scholarship1849
Ireland1861
bursarship1864
schol1888
freeship1893
Rhodes scholarship1902
Fulbright1952
schoolmaster studentship1957
assisted place1977
Rhodes1994
1849 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 126 The foundation of a sufficient number of State scholarships in every college in the Commonwealth.
1871 L. H. Bagg Four Years at Yale 38 Forty free State-scholarships were established.
1944 Ann. Reg. 1943 63 State Scholarships to universities should be of such a value as to enable the holder to take full part in the life of the university.
1966 Rep. Comm. Inq. (Univ. of Oxf.) II. 27 Source of financial assistance... A college scholarship or exhibition and a State Scholarship or LEA award.
2011 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 26 Oct. a15 Only about a third of full-time students pay for college without some grant aid, whether in the form of..a state scholarship or aid from the college itself.
state sector n. the part of a country's economy that is under the control of the State, or a state; = public sector n. at public adj. and n. Compounds 1b; spec. (chiefly British) the education system funded or provided by the State; cf. private sector n. at private adj.1, adv., and n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > business affairs > [noun] > public
affairs1481
public affairs1539
state sector1931
public sector1934
1931 E. T. Colton XYZ Communism ii. 86 In 1927-1928 the State Sector, so called to designate the State owned industrial and agricultural enterprises, employed 15.1 % of the total working adult population.
1937 Rev. Internat. Co-op. 30 369 In a balanced society there are three sectors, a private, a co-operative, and a State sector.
1964 Rotarian July 26/1 Such basic industries as steel, heavy chemicals,..aviation,..were reserved for the State sector.
1985 Washington Post (Nexis) 29 Sept. k1 Countries such as Argentina, Brazil and Mexico are talking about taking steps to reduce their bloated state sectors.
2010 Express (Nexis) 27 Apr. 25 Our top universities have been set ambitious Government targets for the percentage of entrants they must seek from the state sector.
state senate n. the upper house of the legislature in a state of the United States; (also) a similar legislative body in other countries.
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society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [noun] > a chamber or house of > upper
lower house1523
upper house1532
upper chamber1753
senate1776
state senate1791
second chamber1828
1791 N.-Y. Mag. July 424/2 Sebastian Graff, Esq; a member of the state senate.
1833 J. Story Comm. Constit. U.S. II. iii. x. 199 There is a great diversity in the terms of office, as well as the qualifications, of the state senates.
1901 Boston Daily Globe 31 Aug. 2/1 Senator Dowd will not seek another term in the state senate.
1998 T. E. Anna Forging Mexico v. 167 Most of the states, including Zacatecas, had no state senate at all.
2012 Times (Nexis) 7 June 23 The Democrats won one seat, regaining control of the state senate for the first time since..January 2011.
state senator n. (esp. in the United States) a member of a state senate.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [noun] > member of
elder1382
elder mana1387
senator1387
parliament mana1744
MHK1780
state senator1800
parliamentarian1889
MLA1897
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > in U.S.A. > member of
Member of Congress1774
Congressman1780
state senator1800
M.C.1832
freshman1892
majority leader1909
Minority Leader1909
congressperson1972
1800 Raleigh Reg. & N.-Carolina Weekly Advertiser 28 Oct. In Charleston, General Pinckney has been chosen a State Senator, and Mr. T. Lowndes has been elected for Congress.
1895 Atlanta (Georgia) Constit. 10 May 2/7 (heading) How a prankful State Senator made a blunder.
1969 San Mateo (Calif.) Times 18 June 1/2 It was a bitter rebuff to Farr..who had served the county as a state senator for 12 years before losing.
2006 Lewiston (Idaho) Morning Tribune (Nexis) 15 Nov. 1 a The first American Indian woman to be a Washington state senator.
state space n. Mathematics = phase space n. at phase n.2 Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1947 Ann. Math. 48 930 Hilbert space appears to be somewhat inadequate as a state space even for the latter system.
1979 SIAM Jrnl. Appl. Math. 37 128 Representative models of real systems often require large multi-dimensional state spaces.
2008 W. Bechtel Mental Mechanisms v. 187 A system might simply cycle through a number of locations in the state space.
† state-statue n. Obsolete a mere image of a statesman.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. ii. 89 If we shall stand still, In feare our motion will be mock'd, or carp'd at, We should take roote here, where we sit; or sit State-Statues onely. View more context for this quotation
1799 Scots Mag. Apr. 154/1 They [sc. viziers at the Ottoman court] may probably soon sit state-statues only.
state terrorism n. Politics (a) the terrorizing of a people by its own government's forces; (b) terrorist acts carried out against a foreign power with the implicit or explicit support and approval of the terrorists' government.
ΚΠ
1858 Hampshire Advertiser 27 Nov. 3/2 (heading) State terrorism or vengeance.
1908 A. Malvolio in P. Latouche Anarchy! xxv. 225 Soldiers, policemen, magistrates and hangmen would never commit the frightful crimes they do were it not for this State terrorism.
1977 Editorial Res. Rep. 30 Aug. Clucksmann observes that..Fichte, Hegel, Marx and Nietsche [sic] propagated a cult of state terrorism, revolution, and anti-Semitism.
1987 Washington Post 2 Mar. a16/3 The Reagan administration..was proclaiming opposition to French dealing with Iran, labeled a supporter of state terrorism.
2008 Independent 11 Jan. 40/2 (heading) Former CIA agent who accused his government of ‘state terrorism’.
state trooper n. U.S. a member of a state police force; = trooper n. 3b.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > policeman > other types of policeman
star1714
Special Constable1733
police runner1782
snoozy1823
New Policeman1830
redbreast1862
roundsman1868
state trooper1883
harness cop1891
black and tans1920
B Special1922
tans1932
1883 Trenton (New Jersey) Times 10 May The Mexicans lost three State troopers, and two Federals were killed and some nine or ten wounded.
1941 N.Y. Times Mag. 26 Jan. 19/3 Police work forms only part of the State trooper's duties.
2010 C. Brezina Careers in Law Enforcement ii. 44 Uniformed state troopers in marked police cars enforce traffic laws, issue citations, aid stranded drivers, and arrest suspected criminals.
state university n. a publicly funded university supported or managed by the state (sense 29a) in which it is located; cf. state college n.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > college or university > [noun] > university > types of
state college1806
state university1811
Oxbridge1849
Camford1850
state1899
multiversity1926
Ivy League1939
red brick1943
televersity1950
televarsity1961
1811 V. Maxcy Laws Maryland I. 438 Two colleges or seminaries..of the same state university.
1883 Stevens Point (Wisconsin) Jrnl. 3 Mar. The Stevens Point High School is again placed on the accredited list of the State University.
1952 Mind 61 471 Suppose we then see him in earnest conversation with a scout from the state university.
1976 A. Price War Game i. ix. 173 He's a New Englander... He left his state university nine years ago.
2009 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 14 May 38/1 Today, the distinction between public and private remains ambiguous as ‘flagship’ state universities raise billions of dollars toward the establishment of private endowments.
state variable n. (a) Physics = state function n. 3; (b) gen. each of a number of quantities that together define mathematically the state of a system; (c) Electronics a particular kind of active bandpass filter, typically consisting of an amplifier and integrators and made as an integrated circuit; usually attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > [noun] > filter > type of
band-pass filter1922
slope filter1937
comb filter1941
state variable1942
noise filter1960
notch filter1962
1942 Jrnl. Chem. Physics 10 287 The n's represent composition variables, the x's (or T and the y's) a suitable set of state variables, and the ν's the number of moles of the components entering into the reaction.
1974 Internat. Jrnl. Syst. Sci. 5 219 A one-dimensional state variable filter is extended to two dimensions..and is applied to perform image enhancement of digital photographs.
1979 S. A. Nasar & L. E. Unnewehr Electromechanics & Electr. Machines iv. 137 A formulation of equations in terms of state variables facilitates the study of dynamical systems.
1989 P. Horowitz & W. Hill Art of Electronics (ed. 2) v. 278/2 A close relative of the state variable filter is the so-called biquad filter.
1992 J. E. Stiglitz in A. Vercelli & N. Dimitri Macroeconomics iii. 60 The existence of unemployment in the long run..is concerned with whether..it is possible that, when the state variables are at their long-run equilibrium value, there can be positive unemployment.
2000 P. Scherz Pract. Electronics for Inventors viii. 265 Two of the major categories of integrated filter circuits include the state-variable and switched-capacitor filter.
2004 Future Music May 146/1 As well as a sizeable range of filter types (including Moog models, state variables and biquads), each module can be loaded with non-filter processors.
2010 A. P. Showman et al. in S. Seager Exoplanets 474/2 For a homogenous thermodynamic system, which involves a single phase, only two state variables can vary independently.
state vector n. Physics a vector in a space whose dimensions correspond to all the independent wave functions of a system, the instantaneous value of the vector conveying all possible information about the state of the system at that instant.
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the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > wave mechanics > [noun] > vector
state vector1929
wave vector1955
1929 E. U. Condon & P. M. Morse Quantum Mech. vi. 205 The components of the state vector along the different principal axes multiplied by their complex conjugates give the probabilities of each value for the state in question.
1970 D. T. Gillespie Quantum Mech. Primer iv. 41 The state of the system is completely described by the state vector in the sense that anything which is in principle knowable about the system at time t can be learned from the function Ψt(x).
2005 M. Lockwood Labyrinth of Time (2007) xiv. 291 The official line is that there is no more to a (pure) quantum state that we can read off from its state vector.
state visit n. a formal visit by a head of state to a foreign country, chiefly for ceremonial purposes; (also in extended use) an important or ceremonial visit.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > social event > visit > [noun] > formal
morning visit1664
salutation1685
state visit1723
morning call1784
1723 Mem. Cardinal de Retz ii. 144 This State Visit was nothing but an Amusement of Cardinal Mazarin, to cover a worse Design.
1794 H. Wilson Let. 12 Apr. in Fingall Papers (Nat. Libr. Ireland MS. 8023(5)) I think your resolution as to a certain complimentory State Visit is perfectly correct, both as to yourself and your Lady.
1857 C. M. Yonge Dynevor Terrace I. xiv. 218 On Monday we go to Leffingham... After that, more state visits, unless I can escape to Oxford.
1914 W. Owen Let. 1 Jan. (1967) 225 I had to buy a waistcoat today, to complete the black suit: for the State Visit to Mr. Aumont which French Politeness imposes.
1966 Listener 23 June 900/2 President de Gaulle arrives in Moscow for twelve-day state visit.
2004 Daily Tel. 2 Dec. 2/4 The Taegeukgi—the South Korean flag representing the cosmic forces of the yin and the yang—flew from flagposts along the Mall yesterday in honour of the first state visit to Britain of a South Korean president.
† state ward n. Obsolete rare the role or function of ‘watchman’ for the State.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > office or duty of > specific
state ward1639
1639 J. Fletcher et al. Bloody Brother iv. i. sig. G3 Aub. I, ist so? at your stateward, sir?.. I everthought thee Knave of the chamber, Art thou spy too? Lat. A watchman for the state.
state worship n. worship endorsed or controlled by the State or a state (in senses of branch III.); (also) excessive admiration for or devotion to the State; an instance of this.
ΚΠ
1644 R. Williams Blovdy Tenent lxxxvii. 129 Nebuchadnezzars golden Image, a State worship.
1811 Brit. Rev. Mar. 212 The national, local, and tutelary deities, were entitled to the honours of state worship, and formed the established religion of the commonwealth.
1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 34/1 Jeroboam..made a state-worship at Bethel over against the worship ordained by God at Jerusalem.
1917 D. T. Curtin Land of Deepening Shadow iii. 30 The schoolmaster has played his part in the training of the child to militarism, State worship, and enemy hatred.
1983 J. Sturdy tr. W. H. Schmidt Faith of Old Test. x. 141 This cult..became the official state worship which was practised and protected by the royal court itself.
1999 New Statesman (Nexis) 1 Jan. The dreadful Hegelian view that collective entities have a superior value over and above the individuals who compose them..reached its apotheosis in the state worship of the Nazi and Communist regimes.
b. With the first element in genitive or plural form.
state's attorney n. (a) U.S. an official elected or appointed to represent the State in the prosecution of criminal offences, being typically the chief legal officer of a district; (b) chiefly South African the principal legal officer of a state (now historical).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > state or public law officers
the King's Attorney1414
attorneya1513
attorney-general1533
Solicitor-General1533
city attorney1664
state's attorney1779
AG1814
Official Solicitor1875
1779 Act to prevent Articles being Exported in Charters & Laws Mass. Bay (1814) 827 The selectmen..shall make application to the state's attorney.
1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. III. 251 There is in Vermont..an attorney-general, or, as it is called, a states attorney, for each particular county.
1899 W. Harding War in S. Afr. Feb. xlvi. 431 Joubert..became a stock farmer in the Wakkerstroom district of the Transvaal. Then he was elected state's attorney.
1906 W. Walker John Calvin xii. 335 The prosecution now fell into the charge of the states-attorney of the city, Claude Rigot, a friend of Calvin.
2008 P. Phillips et al. Censored 2009 72 Despite an appeal by the States Attorney, the ruling was upheld.
statesfolk n. (a) people of (high) rank or status; respected or experienced people (of an advanced age). (b) English regional yeomen farmers, owners of small estates (cf. statesman n.1 2) (now rare).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > [noun] > person of > collectively
dignity1548
robe1589
sanctorum1675
quality1693
statesfolk1735
laudable1815
rank1883
the mind > possession > possessor > [noun] > owner > landowner > small landowner > collectively
yeomanry1477
statespeople1887
statesfolk1902
1735 J. Swift Gulliver Introd. Let., in Wks. III. iv I see myself accused of reflecting upon great States-Folk.
1875 W. Dickinson Cumbriana 42 The farmers and small 'statesfolk.
1902 Pall Mall Mag. Sept. 53 The statesfolk too, and the townsfolk—true, a worshipful company!
2003 Phoenix (Arizona) New Times (Nexis) 8 May (Music section) Every band has a so-called ‘quiet’ one... For indie-rock statesfolk Yo La Tengo, that's James McNew.
state's prison n. U.S. (now rare) a prison run by the state (sense 29a) in which it is located; = state prison n. (b) at Compounds 3a.
ΚΠ
1780 Jrnl. 17 Aug. in Jrnls. U.S. Congr. 1780–1 259 Ordered, That John P. Linch, now confined in the states prison, as a prisoner of war, be discharged.
1807 European Mag. May 347/1 I visited the States prison, a low dirty-looking building without, but clean and decent within.
1854 D. K. Lee Merrimack viii. 61 He lugged Mose Prouty home from states-prison.
1912 Outlook 2 Nov. 493/1 All his father's ‘pull’ had to be exerted to save him from State's prison for grand larceny.
states-system n. [after German Staatensystem (see state system n.)] = state system n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems based on specific principle > [noun] > federal system
federalism1787
states-system1806
state system1836
federo1987
1806 tr. F. von Gentz Fragments Balance of Power Europe 61 If the states system of Europe is to exist.., no one of its members must ever become so powerful as to be able to coerce all the rest put together.
1834 tr. A. H. L. Heeren Man. Hist. Polit. Syst. Europe I. Pref. p. vii The history of any particular states-system (by which we mean the union of several contiguous states, resembling each other in their manners, religion, and degree of social improvement, and cemented together by a reciprocity of interests).
1915 Fortn. Rev. 1 Mar. 385 It was not until the sixteenth century that the modern States-system began to take shape.
1991 A. Hourani Hist. Arab Peoples iii. xv. 259 The main states of Europe had permanent embassies and consulates in the empire, which became part of the states-system of Europe.
2005 M. Paterson in A. J. Bellamy Internat. Society & Critics ix. 174 Even within the confines of the states-system, what the state ‘is’ and how states interact are principally conditioned by their capitalist character.

Derivatives

statewise adv. rare before 19th cent. with regard to the State or a state (sense 29a).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [adverb]
statewise1643
politically1781
1643 W. Bridge Wovnded Conscience Cvred §2. 17 It is lawfull for the Subjects considered statewise to rayse an army to defend themselves.
1867 Patriot 10 Apr. 7 The Constitution reserves to the States certain rights and privileges,—i.e., certain things are to be done State-wise.
1900 M. B. Cary Connecticut Constit. 132 It is a matter of extreme regret, statewise and partywise.
2009 C. R. Kelly Romance for Life 162 All other departments were equally at the top of the list statewise.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† stateadj.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin status, sistere.
Etymology: < classical Latin status fixed, appointed, use as adjective of past participle of sistere to place, set (see sist v.).
Obsolete.
= stated adj. 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > [adjective] > ordaining, prescribing, or appointing > ordained, prescribed, or appointed
setc1050
assignedc1374
ordaineda1382
peremptor1397
prescriptc1460
constitute1483
prescribedc1503
assigneea1513
stinteda1513
peremptory1513
pointed1523
appointed1535
state1581
statuted1606
stated1644
instituted1647
constituted1651
indictive1656
indicteda1706
issued1760
prescriptive1765
ordered1780
mandated1944
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 313 Neither doe we enforce any person to state tymes of the yeare [L. nec statis temporum præscriptis quenquam astringimus].
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 323 The long processe therfore that you made of state feasts, and other gaddyng holydayes in ye yeare [L. Quæ igitur de consecratis anni temporibus, & festorum distributione hactenus commemorasti].
1615 E. Sandys Sacred Hymns 65 King David..accounteth them happiest, who alwaies reside in Gods house to praise him; them happi also, who at the state times, according to the law, held their voiages thether, through what difficulties of way so ever.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2020).

statev.

Brit. /steɪt/, U.S. /steɪt/
Forms: 1500s– state; also Scottish pre-1700 stait, pre-1700 steat, pre-1700 stayt (past participle), pre-1700 statted (past participle).
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: state n.
Etymology: < state n. The senses at branch II. probably developed as metaphorical developments from senses at branch I., with reference to ‘setting up’ or ‘establishing’ an argument, case, etc. Compare also Anglo-Norman stater to mention (14th cent.). Compare state adj., stated adj. With uses at branch I. compare also estate v., station v.
†I. To give a place, rank, or value to, and related senses. (Senses in this branch are particularly common in 17th cent.)
1.
a. transitive. To place, station; (reflexive) to position oneself. Also figurative. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > place in assigned position
set971
stall1415
stell1488
fix1569
statea1590
stationize1598
post1609
station1685
plant1693
stance17..
possie1918
a1590 C. Marlowe Jew of Malta (1633) ii. sig. D3 The Christian Ile of Rhodes, from whence you came, Was lately lost, and you were stated here To be at deadly enmity with Turkes.
1680 in Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. (1911) 45 241 Ye may think you will escape the judgment of God, but there is an ill licklie of it quhen you state yourselves against his people.
a1734 R. North Examen (1740) iii. vii. §8 510 The capital Practice in the Court of King's Bench, wherein he was stated before he had any Preferment.
1742 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 3) II. 129 As the Court is now stated, all the Offices and Places for Business are scatter'd about, here and there.
1845 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 2) 5 Some vast temptation calmly comes And states itself before it, like the sun Low looming in the west.
b. transitive (in passive). Of a quality or attribute: to be present or inherent (in a person or thing). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > inhere [verb (intransitive)]
indwella1382
subsist?1555
inhere1586
reside1603
state1631
inexist1678
1631 W. Twisse Discov. D. Iacksons Vanitie ii. viii. 259 Intention..is an action of the will not of the understanding where wisedome is stated.
1678 R. Barclay Apol. True Christian Divinity vii. vii. 216 The Adjective [Just]..signifies a Man..in whom this Quality of Justice is stated.
2.
a. transitive. To give a particular rank or position to; to rank. Usually in passive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > be ranked socially [verb (intransitive)]
bear?1529
state1592
1592 Arden of Feversham iii. v. 84 I haue neglected matters of import That would have stated me aboue thy state.
1632 T. Heywood 2nd Pt. Iron Age sig. H2v Shall hee inioy my birth-right, or inherite Where I am heire apparant?..where I am stated, sit?
1682 W. Penn No Cross, No Crown (ed. 2) ix. 177 The Aspiring, Fallen Angels, (that affected to be greater and better than they were made and stated by the great Lord of all).
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 516 The two Religions, Popish and Protestant, were so equally stated in his mind, that a few grains of loyalty..turned the balance with him.
b. transitive. Scottish. With object complement: to invest (a person) with a particular function; to bestow a particular status on (a person). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > accord social rank to [verb (transitive)] > give rank or class to
state1689
1689 in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 58/2 That..The clerks should not be allowed to call the Earle of Selkirk before him least þat myght steat him ane petitorie.
a1713 J. Stewart Dirleton's Doubts (1715) 212 A Charter by a Novo-damus..states him the King's immediate Vassal.
3.
a. transitive. To establish, install (a person) in an office, position, etc.; to vest (a person) in a right or power. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > appoint a person to an office [verb (transitive)]
setc1000
stevenOE
assign1297
inseta1300
stable1300
ordaina1325
instituec1384
to put ina1387
limitc1405
point?1405
stablish1439
institutec1475
invest1489
assumec1503
to fill the hands of1535
establish1548
settle1548
appoint1557
place1563
assumptc1571
dispose1578
seat1595
state1604
instate1613
to bring ina1616
officea1616
constitute1616
impose1617
ascribe1624
install1647
to set up1685
prick1788
1604 F. Bacon Certaine Considerations Church of Eng. sig. F2 Men are stated in them [sc. impropriations] by the highest assurence of the Kingdome, which is Act of Parliament.
1617 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Faire Quarrell i. sig. Cv Heere you boaste to mee Of a great reuenew, a large substance Wherein you would endow & state my daughter.
1635 A. Gil Sacred Philos. Holy Script. iv. xxvii. 35 In which right, If He had not fully stated man-kind, then had the benefit of His purchase beene utterly lost.
1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 24 Either members must be baptized at their admission, or else after they are stated in the Church.
1702 C. Beaumont J. Beaumont's Psyche (new ed.) ix. xcix. 129 No Proxy He, nor stated in his Might Barely by Patent, but by Native Right.
b. transitive. To confer or settle (a possession, right, function, etc.) on a person or thing. With in, of, upon. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > transfer of property > settlement of property > settle (property) [verb (transitive)]
vestc1425
warrantisec1450
state1633
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 274 Untill that purchased possession of eternall life may be fully accomplished and stated upon us.
1638 R. Brathwait Barnabees Journall (new ed.) iii. sig. P5 These hold and walke together wholly, And state their Lands on uses holy.
a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 107 The Scepter..was not stated upon them of the Tribe of Iudah.
1678 R. Sanderson 9 Cases Conscience 104 I acknowledge the Soveraign Power of this Nation..to be rightly stated in the House of Commons.
4.
a. transitive. To put into or cause to be in a specified state, condition, or set of circumstances; esp. to establish in a state of security, peace, etc. Chiefly with in. Usually in passive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring (a person or thing) into a state or condition
set971
haveOE
wendOE
to bring onc1230
teemc1275
putc1330
run1391
casta1400
laya1400
stead1488
constitute1490
render1490
takea1530
introduce1532
deduce1545
throw?1548
derive?c1550
turn1577
to work up1591
estate1605
arrive1607
state1607
enduea1616
assert1638
sublime1654
to run up1657
the world > action or operation > safety > make safe or secure [verb (transitive)] > place in safety
nestle1548
state1607
sanctuary1615
inlaya1631
lodge1666
ensconce1820
sconce1842
1607 B. Jonson Volpone iii. ix. sig. H4v To do some violence vpon his parent, On which the Law should take sufficient hold, And you be stated in a double hope. View more context for this quotation
1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. lii. sig. R4v Then, the soule stated in a deepe repose, bewrayed her true affections.
1640 J. Shirley Constant Maid ii. ii. sig. C3 My next work Shall be to..state her body in that modest temper She was possest of.
1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 53 This answer of the Duke to his impeachment..seemed to state him in impunity.
1683 T. Hunt Def. Charter London 37 Which put many thousand Persons well stated to starving.
1685 C. Cotton tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. I. 495 Happy in this to have stated his affairs to so just a proportion, that his estate is sufficient to do it.
1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 142 I mean especially, as you and I are stated, without a Dwelling-House of our own.
1786 A. Gib Καινα και Παλαια: Sacred Contempl. i. iv. 147 His will was stated in a wicked contradiction to the authority and will of God.
b. transitive. To bring about (a state of things). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)]
wieldeOE
timberc897
letc900
rearOE
doOE
i-wendeOE
workOE
makeOE
bringc1175
raisec1175
shapec1315
to owe (also have) a wold (also on wield)a1325
procurec1330
purchasec1330
causec1340
conform1377
performa1382
excite1398
induce1413
occasionate?c1450
occasionc1454
to bring about1480
gara1500
to bring to passc1513
encause1527
to work out1534
inferc1540
excitate?1549
import1550
ycause1563
frame1576
effect1581
to bring in1584
effectuatea1586
apport?1591
introduce1605
create1607
generate1607
cast1633
efficiate1639
conciliate1646
impetrate1647
state1654
accompass1668
to bring to bear1668
to bring on1671
effectivate1717
makee1719
superinduce1837
birth1913
1654 J. Owen Doctr. Saints Perseverance viii. §16. 197 Take a Cyon..bind it on as close as possible, yet 'tis not united to the Tree, untill the Sappe..be communicated to it, which communication states the union.
5.
a. transitive. To honour as, or as befits, a person of high status; to treat with pomp and ceremony. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > ceremony or formality > render ceremonial or formal [verb (transitive)] > treat with ceremony of state
state1613
1613 T. Heywood Brazen Age ii. ii. sig. C3v Oh you Gods! or make her mine, Stated with vs the Calidonian Queene.
1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 80 For shee was not onely publikely contracted, but stated as a Bride, and solemnly Bedded.
a1625 J. Fletcher Noble Gentleman iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ee2/2 'Twill be rarely strange To see him stated thus, as though he went A shroving through the City.
b. transitive. to state it: to live in a luxurious or ostentatious style; to live or behave as befits a person of high or higher rank. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > pretension to superiority > pretend to superiority [verb (intransitive)]
to make it goodlyc1325
usurpc1400
to take state upon one1597
to come over ——1600
to gentilize it1607
to state it1625
to give oneself airs1701
to put on airs1715
to mount (also ride) the high horse1782
to put on (the) dog1865
to get (also have) notions1866
to put on side1870
to have a roll on1881
to put (or pile) on lugs1889
side1890
to put on the Ritz1921
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes IV. vi. ii. 1154 I will pry in the East and West Indies rather then state it at home.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. v. 178 Wolsey began to state it at York as high as ever before.
1664 T. Killigrew Parsons Wedding iii. v, in Comedies & Trag. 120 What an ugly Whore they have got! how she states it!
6.
a. transitive. To settle or regulate by authority; to fix at a certain price or amount. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > ordain, prescribe, or appoint
asetc885
teachc897
deemc900
ashapea1000
i-demeOE
setc1000
shiftc1000
stevenOE
redeOE
willOE
lookc1175
showc1175
stablea1300
devise1303
terminea1325
shapec1330
stightlea1375
determinec1384
judgea1387
sign1389
assize1393
statute1397
commanda1400
decree1399
yarka1400
writec1405
decreetc1425
rule1447
stallc1460
constitute1481
assignc1485
institute1485
prescribec1487
constitue1489
destinate1490
to lay down1493
make?a1513
call1523
plant1529
allot1532
stint1533
determ1535
appointa1538
destinec1540
prescrive1552
lot1560
fore-appoint1561
nominate1564
to set down1576
refer1590
sort1592
doom1594
fit1600
dictate1606
determinate1636
inordera1641
state1647
fix1660
direct1816
1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 28 I seriously feare, if the pious Parliament doe not finde a time to state fashions,..God will hardly finde a time to state Religion or Peace.
1699 Poor Man's Plea against Price of Corn 16 Suppose, for instance in the Southern parts of England,..Corn were stated at 5s. per Bushel for Wheat.
1714 in J. H. Temple & G. Sheldon Hist. Northfield, Mass. (1875) 133 The said Committee are further impowered to state the place of the town upon small lots so as it may be made defensible.
1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Proc. Parl. 16/2 The Tanjore subsidy is stated at something more than the receipt last year, on the supposition that more will be realized from the assumed districts.
b. transitive. To make dependent on (also upon). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > be caused by or result from [verb (transitive)] > depend on > cause to depend on
suspend1608
state1648
rest1733
1648 W. Montagu Miscellanea Spiritualia xiii. 159 Let them not think mercy is intailed to the stock of their confidence, but stated upon the conformity and fidelity of their lives.
1665 R. South Serm. preached before Court 13 One of the grand duties of which [sc. Religion] is stated upon Repentance.
1671 J. Livingstone Let. 7 Oct. in Sel. Biogr. (1845) I. 242 Persecution [is] bended against all who go not alongs in that apostacie and perjury; and is not, then, suffering stated on as important a quarrel as ever was since the foundation of the world?
7. transitive. Probably: to form or give an opinion upon; to argue (a point). Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > hold an opinion [verb (transitive)]
ween971
holda1300
believec1325
judgec1325
feelc1380
supposea1387
conceivea1425
take1429
opinea1475
thinkc1480
supponea1500
esteem1507
opinion1555
intend?1577
meditate1585
opinionate1599
opiniate1624
arbitrate1637
apprehend1639
state1671
calculate1805
consider1830
fink1888
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)]
talec897
ween971
takec1175
weigha1200
deem?c1225
judge?c1225
guessc1330
reta1382
accounta1387
aretc1386
assize1393
consider1398
ponder?a1400
adjudgec1440
reckonc1440
peisec1460
ponderate?a1475
poisea1483
trutinate1528
steem1535
rate?1555
sense1564
compute1604
censure1605
cast1606
cense1606
estimate1651
audit1655
state1671
balance1692
esteem1711
appraise1823
figure1854
tally1860
revalue1894
lowball1973
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 424 Thou didst plead Divine impulsion prompting how thou might'st Find some occasion to infest our Foes. I state not that; this I am sure; our Foes Found soon occasion [etc.] . View more context for this quotation
II. To declare, present, set out.
8.
a. transitive. Chiefly Philosophy and Logic. To formulate (a question, problem, etc.) in the correct or appropriate manner.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > logical argument > [verb (transitive)] > state (an argument)
statea1641
a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 110 First the question is not rightly stated in the Conclusion.
1662 Bp. J. Taylor Via Intelligentiæ 8 We find by a sad experience, that few Questions are well stated.
1680 J. Dryden in J. Dryden et al. tr. Ovid Epist. Pref. sig. a2v To state it fairly, Imitation of an Authour is the most advantagious way for a Translator to shew himself, [etc.].
1734 G. Berkeley Analyst 79 Whether, whatever readiness Analysts acquire in stating a Problem..doth necessarily infer a proportionable ability in conceiving and expressing other Matters?
1795 Gentleman's Mag. 65 ii. 543/2 Permit me to state a few queries to your Correspondents in general.
1826 R. Whately Elements Logic i. 24 An argument thus stated regularly and at full length, is called a Syllogism.
1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 6 A problem must be stated in order to be solved.
1906 J. N. Keynes Formal Logic (ed. 4) iii. i. 287 It is usual..to state the major premiss first and the conclusion last.
1965 Texas Law Rev. 43 455 The problem of international jus cogens can be stated in a simple question.
2002 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 67 741 A little more background is necessary before stating the question and result.
b. transitive. to state a (also one's) case and variants: to set out the facts of a suit or plea for consideration by a court or other judicial authority. Also more generally: to put forward an argument (cf. sense 9a).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > plead [verb (intransitive)] > state case
to state a (also one's) case1641
1641 J. Hales Way towards Decision Church Govt. 35 It is very hard to state the case truly, according to the circumstances.
1692 Cal. Treasury Papers 265 Mr. Lowndes to state his case to be laid before the King.
1710 J. Addison Whig Examiner No. 5. ⁋3 I must observe, that the Advocates for this doctrine have stated the case in the softest and most palatable terms that it will bear.
1857 Act 20 & 21 Victoria c. 43 §4 If the..justices be of opinion that the application is merely frivolous..they may refuse to state a case.
1879 Act 42 & 43 Vict. c. 49 § 33 Any person aggrieved who desires to question a conviction..of a court of summary jurisdiction..may apply to such court to state a special case.
1921 E. L. White Andivius Hedulio i. vi. 93 I essayed to state my side of the case.
1953 H. Street Governmental Liability iv. 122 The tribunal..makes a final decision subject to the right to state a case on a point of law to the Court of Appeal.
1970 Observer 11 Oct. 32/3 On the young left..there are those who refuse to state their case rationally.
2011 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 20 Apr. 20 A speech in London in which he bluntly stated the case for more US troops.
c. transitive. To set out (a financial account) formally in terms of debit and credit. Later also (Law): to agree (a financial account) between two parties; cf. account stated at account n. Phrases 3f. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > keep accounts [verb (transitive)] > set out clearly or formally
liquidatec1575
state1648
1648 C. Walker Relations & Observ. ii. 83 About the beginning of March, was given to Col. Sydenham and Col. Bingham 1000 l. apiece, as part of their Arrears; their Accounts not yet stated.
1690 Jrnl. House of Lords 27 Dec. 14 606/1 An Act for appointing and enabling Commissioners to examine, take, and state, the Public Accompts of the Kingdom.
1712 J. Arbuthnot Law is Bottomless-pit xi. 20 By comparing and stating his Accompts, he discovered that..he had been egregiously Cheated.
1718 Free-thinker No. 33. 2 After this, when he finds himself most in Temper, let him coolly state the Accompts of his Love, by computing..the Profits and the Losses.
1776 in West India Merchant (1778) 54 The method of stating an account by a mercantile equation, pro and con.
1817 Evangelical Guardian & Rev. Oct. 243 Posting their books, stating their accounts, or preparing their goods for exposure to sale on the following day.
1885 Pacific Reporter 5 801 The very conclusion of fact which alone would justify a suit for the recovery of an ascertained and admitted balance, to-wit, that the parties had stated the account.
1903 Trenton (New Jersey) Times 2 May 3/3 W. W. Swett..has stated his accounts and is awaiting the decision of the Orphans' Court concerning disputed claims.
1927 H. L. Davis in J. J. Marke Catal. Law Coll. N.Y. Univ. (1999) 252/2 To act as an arm of the Court, in stating accounts between parties to suits.
1954 Accounting Rev. 29 573/2 If balance sheet accounts are properly stated, the accounts in the income statement are necessarily stated properly.
d. transitive. Mathematics. To specify or arrange (numbers, quantities, etc.) in a way that facilitates solving a problem. Cf. sense 8a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic > treat arithmetically [verb (transitive)]
state1657
cipher1825
to figure up1854
arithmeticize1878
arithmetize1892
1657 W. Leybourn Arithmetick, Vulgar, Decimal, & Instrumental iii. 264 This and such like Questions..are best performed by the Double Rule of three compounded of five numbers, wherefore the Question may be thus stated. If 2s. 8 d. in three moneths, gains 2 d. what shall 100 li. gain in 11 moneths?
1678 J. Hawkins Cocker's Arithm. xiv. 213 State the numbers as is there Directed in the first order, viz. [table].
1797 Encycl. Brit. II. 302 In general, state the several particulars on which the question depends, as so many simple proportions, [etc.].
1831 T. W. Conkling Young Arithmetician's Guide 118 When coffee is purchased at 1½ cents per ounce, what is 68lbs. worth at that rate? Stated thus; 1 oz. : 1½ cts :: 68 lbs. Examine each term, make the first and third terms alike [etc.].
2008 K. A. Stroud & D. J. Booth Linear Algebra 64 We use a simple row matrix in stating the x- and y-coordinates of a point relative to the x- and y-axes.
†e. transitive. Scottish. To put forward (a Parliamentary question) in the form in which a vote will be taken upon it; esp. in to state a vote. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > ask, enquire [verb (transitive)] > frame for voting
to state a vote1677
1677 Bp. G. Burnet Mem. Dukes of Hamilton 204 The Marquis said, the Vote was to be stated, Obey or Not obey.
1700 D. Hume Diary Parl. Scotl. (Bannatyne Club) 9 And then the vote came to be stated, Whether the Parliament should proceed to the Sheriff's procedure, or the Lords' their coming in, under these words Lords or Sheriff. Carried by one vote Sheriffs.
1700 D. Hume Diary Parl. Scotl. (Bannatyne Club) 33 Then the question was offered to be stated To allow the exportation..or Not.
a1722 J. Lauder Decisions (1761) II. 420 Then the vote was stated, If Sir Andrew Kennedy's taking Conservator dues..was relevant to infer deprivation.
f. transitive. Music. To present or introduce (a theme, melody, etc.) in a composition. Also in extended use.
ΚΠ
1873 Musical Times 15 758/2 An expressive theme, first stated by the tenor, which is effectively developed.
1911 C. V. Stanford Musical Composition vi. 91 A tyro will more or less exhaust his inventive power in the first part, and find himself gravelled after he has stated his theme.
1944 W. Apel Harvard Dict. Music 285/1 It [sc. a figure] is based on a short melody, called ‘subject’ or ‘theme’, which is stated at the beginning of the figure by one voice alone.
1960 G. Cooper & L. B. Meyer Rhythmic Struct. Music (1963) ii. 37 In the fourth Prelude, on the other hand, the accent is stated in the melody.
2000 S. Broughton et al. World Music: Rough Guide II. i. 65/1 The pallavi may be unfamiliar to the percussionist and the principal soloist therefore states the theme.
9.
a. To express in speech or writing; to declare clearly, definitely, or formally (that which one believes to be true); to put forward, proclaim, assert.Now the usual sense.
(a) transitive. With object and infinitive. Frequently in passive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)]
speakc900
sayOE
sayOE
tell?a1160
to put forth?c1225
posea1325
allegec1330
declarec1330
exponec1380
to bring fortha1382
expounda1382
terminec1384
allaya1387
express1386
proport1387
purport1389
cough1393
generalize?a1425
deliverc1454
expremec1470
to show forth1498
promisea1500
term1546
to set forward1560
attribute1563
to throw out1573
quote1575
dictate1599
rendera1616
preport1616
enunciate1623
remonstrate1625
state1642
pronunciate1652
annunciate1763
present1779
enounce1805
report1842
constate1865
lodge1885
outen1951
1642 King Charles I His Maiesties Answer Declar. Lords & Commons 19 May 8 The Message..is stated to be no other (even by that Declaration which reproved Us) then a plain threat.
1700 J. Jones Myst. Opium Reveal'd viii. 45 All Authors, who stated Opium to be a Diminisher or Disabler of the Spirits.
1774 Ld. Mansfield in H. Cowper Rep. (1783) 170 He has stated it to be in Minorca; with a videlicet.
1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals I. ii. 62 The ox of Surat is stated to have two of these bosses or humps.
1846 Penny Cycl. Suppl. II. 502/2 The inhabitants, whose number is stated not to exceed a thousand.
1912 Penn Germania Mar. 174/1 A note inserted in the beginning states it to contain copies of hymns by John Kelpius.
2009 Ireland's Eye Jan. 16/1 Eight demonstrators are stated to be in a serious condition.
(b) transitive. With clause (esp. that-clause) as object.
ΚΠ
1655 J. Lightfoot Harmony New-Test. 195 He states..that the election hath obtained, but the rest are blinded.
1675 G. Harvey Dis. of London x. 130 It may be stated, that the intemperament of the Blood, which is the parent of the Scorvey, is two-fold.
1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 221 An assise of nusance is a writ, wherein it is stated that the party injured complains of some fact done.
1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ xv. 378 The subscription of the first epistle to the Corinthians states that it was written from Philippi.
1838 S. Smiles Physical Educ. 10 Here we may state what is the scope and object of a proper physical education.
1850 W. E. Gladstone Giacomo Leopardi in Q. Rev. Mar. 332 We may state that his father was known..to be a man of extreme opinions.
1866 C. Thirlwall Let. 24 Aug. (1881) II. 77 Diego then stated that he was going to the university of Salamanca.
1915 D. Haig Diary 2 Apr. in War Diaries (2005) 113 I received back a letter I had sent to the CGS stating what I proposed to do in the way of exploding mines.
1940 Science 24 May 506/1 Von Baer makes quite clear his reason for stating that Purkinje's vesicle is absent.
1972 Computer Jrnl. 15 200/2 One field..contains an entry stating who is allowed to overwrite the file.
2008 A. A. Mosshammer Easter Computus & Origins Christian Era (2009) xv. 339 Modern reference-works often state that Dionysius dated the Nativity to December of the year 753 from the foundation of Rome.
(c) transitive. With simple object.
ΚΠ
1667 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities (ed. 2) 332 Themes, where the names that are of very common and necessary use have (yet) their significations very little stated or agreed on.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 17 It was thought fit, that the whole Affair..should be stated and enlarged upon, in a Conference between the two Houses.
1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 19 Yet think not thus, when Freedom's ills I state, I mean to flatter kings, or court the great.
1810 W. Scott Let. 3 July (1932) II. 357 The only purpose which I suppose Lord Lauderdale had in view was to state charges which could neither be understood nor refuted.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. i. 224 It will not be a useless labour..to state..our present views of light and heat.
1891 Law Times 90 463/1 The contents of the deed were falsely stated.
1913 Mod. Lang. Notes 28 26/2 His relations to Virgil and to Theocritus are stated only in rather general terms.
1956 H. L. Mencken Minority Rep. 181 It is never possible for a metaphysician to state his ideas in plain English.
1996 C. Higson Getting Rid of Mr Kitchen i. 10 You have to be told. It's for your own good. I'm just stating the facts.
2010 S.-T. Yan & S. Nadis Shape Inner Space iii. 39 The goal of this approach, broadly stated, is to exploit the powerful methods of analysis.
(d) transitive. With direct speech as object.
ΚΠ
1804 J. Duncumb Coll. Hist. County Hereford I. 264 His lady, also, he stated, ‘had been restrained of her liberty without cause’.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy (1818) II. v. 113 ‘The servants,’ he stated, ‘with the tenantry and others, had been all regularly enrolled and mustered.’
1864 London Society Dec. 546/1 ‘I am well in health,’ she stated in this letter.
1919 Business Digest 11 Nov. 539/2 Of the terrible Salem fire the report states: ‘The fire lasted thirteen hours and covered an area of 251 acres.’
1981 D. Anderson Rough Layout xx. 158 ‘It was after the war, remember, when we really settled down together,’ Adele stated matter-of-factly.
2010 Independent 27 Apr. 23/2 He [sc. the writer Ian McEwan] once stated: ‘I hate comic novels.’
b. transitive. To specify or quote (an amount, price, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > make specific [verb (transitive)] > specify or state precisely > as something desired or decided upon
limita1425
nominate1564
name1597
state1658
fix1660
1658 W. Sanderson Compl. Hist. Life King Charles 922 The House of Commons..urged them positively to set down their sum... And had it stated to be no less then five hundred thousand pounds.
1692 F. Atterbury Serm. Whitehall 1 The true Price of Duties is there justly stated.
1789 New London Mag. July 370/2 Fifteen thousand men effective are stated.
1823 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War I. 373 The numbers of the Spanish army have been variously stated from 14,000 to 40,000.
1854 Poultry Chron. 2 147 State your profession, especially if a clergyman.
1902 F. Seebohm Tribal Custom in Anglo-Saxon Law i. 1 The Anglo-Saxon wergelds were stated, with perhaps one exception, in silver scillings.
1940 Language 16 301 Collocation establishes categories by stating the elements with which the element being studied enters into possible combinations.
2002 N. Wall External Infl. iv. 49 Any variations in prices in different countries will be easily visible to consumers because they will all be stated in euros.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† stateadv.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: state n.
Etymology: Apparently < state n. (compare state n. 16), although compare also to bear oneself stout at stout adv. and compare the gloss in quot. 1579.
Obsolete. rare.
Proudly, haughtily. Cf. to bear oneself stout at stout adv.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > [adverb]
sideOE
highOE
proudlyOE
proudc1384
moodilyc1400
highlya1425
orgulousa1470
strutlyc1480
orgulouslya1500
loftily1548
stoutlya1554
state1579
garishly1593
pridefullya1600
aloft1613
great1625
pridinglya1677
Olympically1839
the mind > emotion > pride > haughtiness or disdainfulness > [adverb]
dignelyc1374
hautainlyc1400
deignouslyc1440
disdaininglyc1485
royally?c1500
disdainouslya1513
haughtly1523
superciliously1528
disdainishly?1529
disdainfullya1533
disdainedly1535
lordlikea1555
squeamishly1571
haughtily1572
state1579
coy1581
lordly1589
overly1610
lordlily1611
condescendingly1653
on (also upon) the high ropes (also rope)1672
coyly1673
cavalierly1718
slightily1740
skeigh1792
patronizingly1834
Olympically1839
superiorly1844
Olympianly1871
superior1891
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 45 They [sc. shepheards swaynes]..bearen the cragge so stiffe and so state [gloss. stoutely] As cocke on his dunghill, crowing cranck.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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n.c1225adj.1581v.a1590adv.1579
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