spalln.¹

Brit.

/spɔːl/, U.S.

/spɔl/,

/spɑl/

Forms: Also Middle English spalle, spolle, 1700s– spawl.

Etymology: Of doubtful origin: perhaps related to German spellen to split, but compare spale n.²

A chip or splinter, esp. of stone or ore.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > piece of stone > splinter of stone

schulderec1440

spallc1440

shalder1577

shiver1600

scabbling1790

knockings1875

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment > shaving or chip

chipa1393

sprotea1400

chipping?c1400

spallc1440

clipping1461

spalea1500

chiplet1873

paint chip1891

α.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 467/1 Spalle, or chyppe (K. spolle), quisquilia, assula.

1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 411/2 Segmenta, the spalls or broken peeces of marble comming off in grauing and hewing.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Retailles, the spalls, or shards; the peeces which flie from stone in the hewing thereof.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Spalls, Chips of Wood.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2252/1 Spall, a chip of stone, removed by the hammer.

1892 Daily News 22 Oct. 5/4 A stock of granite spalls could be had in.

β. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §35 The great tendency of the Laminæ whereof the rock is composed, to rise in spawls.1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §112 (note) Observing how soon the quarrymen would cut half a ton of Spawls from an unformed block.1897 T. Hardy Well-beloved i. i. 8 Like all the gardens in the isle it was surrounded by a wall of dry-jointed spawls.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

spalln.²

Etymology: < Italian spalla, or (in quot. 1827) variant of Scots spaul spauld n.

rare.

Shoulder.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > shoulder > [noun]

shouldera700

axlec1000

spauld1305

asselea1500

spall1590

spule1803

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vi. sig. R6 Their mightie strokes their haberieons dismayld, And naked made each others manly spalles.

1827 T. Carlyle tr. J. A. Musæus in German Romance I. 60 [I] catch the noodle by the spall,..and pack him out of doors.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2018).

spalln.³

Brit.

/spɔːl/, U.S.

/spɔl/,

/spɑl/

Forms: Also spawl.

Etymology: Of obscure origin: compare spale n.³

A cross-spall; a cross-piece used in staging.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > [noun] > anything lying transversely > cross-piece, -bar, or -beam

slote1485

crossbar1562

bail1575

cross-beam1594

traverse1604

bint1629

cross-yard1634

crown beam1776

cross-tie1813

cross-rail1836

stretcher1844

spall1895

1895 Whitby Gaz. 12 July 4/1 Boys frequently went up the spawls instead of the gangway because it was a shorter way on to the ship.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 23 June 5/2 These were fixed together at the top by spalls, and strengthened by struts.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

spallv.¹

Brit.

/spɔːl/, U.S.

/spɔl/,

/spɑl/

Forms: Also 1700s spal, 1800s spaul, spawl.

Etymology: Related to spall n.¹

1. transitive.

a. Mining. To break (ore) into smaller pieces.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > dress ore

stamp1568

shadder1582

craze1610

tye1757

spall1758

toze1758

trunk1758

concentrate1771

to griddle out1778

jig1778

puddle1963

1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 203 The best is broken small with hammers, which they call Spalling.

1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 215 Tin-stuff..is first spalled or broken to the size of a man's fist or less.

1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 233 They..spal or break them [sc. the larger stones] to a less size.

1855 J. R. Leifchild Cornwall: Mines & Miners 52 The ore..is..drawn up, after being ‘spalled’ or broken.

1874 J. H. Collins Princ. Metal Mining (1875) xvii. 106 The ores, if in large masses, are first ‘spalled’, or broken up by means of heavy ‘spalling hammers’.

absolute.1855 J. R. Leifchild Cornwall: Mines & Miners 164 There they sit, ‘spalling, jigging,’ ‘buddling and trunking,’ and doing all manner of mining mysteries.

b. To dress (stones) roughly with a hammer.

ΚΠ

1793 [implied in: J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) 194 The spawled parts, parallel to the grain of the Rock. (at spalled adj. 1)].

?a1927 F. S. Anthony Follow Call (1936) ii. 22 I landed..on a patch of broken stone I had spalled up..for metalling in front of the stand.

a. To split or chip; also, to detach as small fragments or particles. Also with off.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > cleaving or splitting > cleave or split [verb (transitive)]

to-cleavec888

cleavea1100

forcleavec1290

shidec1315

rivec1330

sheara1340

carvec1374

slivea1400

thrusche1483

porfend1490

splet1530

share?1566

spleet1585

splint1591

split1595

diverberate1609

fissure1656

spall1841

balkanize1942

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > break off > in slivers or chips

chip?c1400

sliver1608

flake1661

spall1841

splinter1871

1841 C. H. Hartshorne Salopia Antiqua Gloss. Spauled, split, cleft, as wood.

1846 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. II. 501 Should the fibres have been split, or spalled off in shooting the ends, the removal of the edge b..would correct the evil.

1971 Sci. Amer. June 29/2 As the shock wave traversed a gas bubble some of its energy would go into spalling liquid from the inner surface of the bubble and projecting it through the void to strike the bubble wall at the other side.

1973 J. G. Tweeddale Materials Technol. II. vi. 154 Thermal fracturing is a somewhat crude way in which material may be ‘spalled’ off the surface of a brittle material which has low thermal-shock resistance.

1980 M. Napier Blind Chance xii. 109 She looked at the huge chip of stone spalled off by a bullet.

b. Nuclear Physics. To cause spallation of (a nucleus).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > remove from nucleus [verb (transitive)] > cause spallation

spall1976

1976 Nature 16 Sept. 201/1 Stronger shock waves..spall nearly all the nuclei to free nucleons.

3. intransitive. To break off in fragments or chips. Also without off.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > become detached [verb (intransitive)] > break off > split off

chinec1300

to flaw off1665

spall1853

sliver1880

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xl. 363 Spawling off under the axe in dangerous little chips.

1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic §423 If this precaution is not taken the corners will ‘spawl’ off.

1940 K. Rexroth In what Hour 33 Novelty emerges after centuries, a rock spalls from the cliff.

1968 Engineering 26 July 171/3 These alloys would spall after enamelling.

1977 Sci. Amer. Feb. 35/1 High-energy impacts cause large pieces of the target to spall off.

1980 National Trust Autumn 14/2 Damp has penetrated the stone..and the corners have broken off or spalled.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

spallv.²

Brit.

/spɔːl/, U.S.

/spɔl/,

/spɑl/

Etymology: Related to spall n.³

transitive. To fix (ship-frames) at the proper breadth by means of cross-spalls.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > build a ship [verb (transitive)] > specific operations

berth1627

reconcile1633

ceil1691

frieze1769

skin1774

score1779

mould1797

ribband1805

fortify1820

horn1850

spall1850

convert1862

1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 112 The main and top-timber breadths are the heights mostly taken for spalling the frames.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹c1440

n.²1590

n.³1895

v.¹1758

v.²1850

单词	spall
释义	spalln.¹ Brit. /spɔːl/, U.S. /spɔl/, /spɑl/ Forms: Also Middle English spalle, spolle, 1700s– spawl. Etymology: Of doubtful origin: perhaps related to German spellen to split, but compare spale n.² A chip or splinter, esp. of stone or ore. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > piece of stone > splinter of stone schulderec1440 spallc1440 shalder1577 shiver1600 scabbling1790 knockings1875 the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment > shaving or chip chipa1393 sprotea1400 chipping?c1400 spallc1440 clipping1461 spalea1500 chiplet1873 paint chip1891 α. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 467/1 Spalle, or chyppe (K. spolle), quisquilia, assula. 1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 411/2 Segmenta, the spalls or broken peeces of marble comming off in grauing and hewing. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Retailles, the spalls, or shards; the peeces which flie from stone in the hewing thereof. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Spalls, Chips of Wood. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2252/1 Spall, a chip of stone, removed by the hammer. 1892 Daily News 22 Oct. 5/4 A stock of granite spalls could be had in. β. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §35 The great tendency of the Laminæ whereof the rock is composed, to rise in spawls.1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §112 (note) Observing how soon the quarrymen would cut half a ton of Spawls from an unformed block.1897 T. Hardy Well-beloved i. i. 8 Like all the gardens in the isle it was surrounded by a wall of dry-jointed spawls. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). spalln.² Etymology: < Italian spalla, or (in quot. 1827) variant of Scots spaul spauld n. rare. Shoulder. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > shoulder > [noun] shouldera700 axlec1000 spauld1305 asselea1500 spall1590 spule1803 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vi. sig. R6 Their mightie strokes their haberieons dismayld, And naked made each others manly spalles. 1827 T. Carlyle tr. J. A. Musæus in German Romance I. 60 [I] catch the noodle by the spall,..and pack him out of doors. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2018). spalln.³ Brit. /spɔːl/, U.S. /spɔl/, /spɑl/ Forms: Also spawl. Etymology: Of obscure origin: compare spale n.³ A cross-spall; a cross-piece used in staging. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > [noun] > anything lying transversely > cross-piece, -bar, or -beam slote1485 crossbar1562 bail1575 cross-beam1594 traverse1604 bint1629 cross-yard1634 crown beam1776 cross-tie1813 cross-rail1836 stretcher1844 spall1895 1895 Whitby Gaz. 12 July 4/1 Boys frequently went up the spawls instead of the gangway because it was a shorter way on to the ship. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 23 June 5/2 These were fixed together at the top by spalls, and strengthened by struts. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). spallv.¹ Brit. /spɔːl/, U.S. /spɔl/, /spɑl/ Forms: Also 1700s spal, 1800s spaul, spawl. Etymology: Related to spall n.¹ 1. transitive. a. Mining. To break (ore) into smaller pieces. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > dress ore stamp1568 shadder1582 craze1610 tye1757 spall1758 toze1758 trunk1758 concentrate1771 to griddle out1778 jig1778 puddle1963 1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 203 The best is broken small with hammers, which they call Spalling. 1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 215 Tin-stuff..is first spalled or broken to the size of a man's fist or less. 1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 233 They..spal or break them [sc. the larger stones] to a less size. 1855 J. R. Leifchild Cornwall: Mines & Miners 52 The ore..is..drawn up, after being ‘spalled’ or broken. 1874 J. H. Collins Princ. Metal Mining (1875) xvii. 106 The ores, if in large masses, are first ‘spalled’, or broken up by means of heavy ‘spalling hammers’. absolute.1855 J. R. Leifchild Cornwall: Mines & Miners 164 There they sit, ‘spalling, jigging,’ ‘buddling and trunking,’ and doing all manner of mining mysteries. b. To dress (stones) roughly with a hammer. ΚΠ 1793 [implied in: J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) 194 The spawled parts, parallel to the grain of the Rock. (at spalled adj. 1)]. ?a1927 F. S. Anthony Follow Call (1936) ii. 22 I landed..on a patch of broken stone I had spalled up..for metalling in front of the stand. 2. a. To split or chip; also, to detach as small fragments or particles. Also with off. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > cleaving or splitting > cleave or split [verb (transitive)] to-cleavec888 cleavea1100 forcleavec1290 shidec1315 rivec1330 sheara1340 carvec1374 slivea1400 thrusche1483 porfend1490 splet1530 share?1566 spleet1585 splint1591 split1595 diverberate1609 fissure1656 spall1841 balkanize1942 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > break off > in slivers or chips chip?c1400 sliver1608 flake1661 spall1841 splinter1871 1841 C. H. Hartshorne Salopia Antiqua Gloss. Spauled, split, cleft, as wood. 1846 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. II. 501 Should the fibres have been split, or spalled off in shooting the ends, the removal of the edge b..would correct the evil. 1971 Sci. Amer. June 29/2 As the shock wave traversed a gas bubble some of its energy would go into spalling liquid from the inner surface of the bubble and projecting it through the void to strike the bubble wall at the other side. 1973 J. G. Tweeddale Materials Technol. II. vi. 154 Thermal fracturing is a somewhat crude way in which material may be ‘spalled’ off the surface of a brittle material which has low thermal-shock resistance. 1980 M. Napier Blind Chance xii. 109 She looked at the huge chip of stone spalled off by a bullet. b. Nuclear Physics. To cause spallation of (a nucleus). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > remove from nucleus [verb (transitive)] > cause spallation spall1976 1976 Nature 16 Sept. 201/1 Stronger shock waves..spall nearly all the nuclei to free nucleons. 3. intransitive. To break off in fragments or chips. Also without off. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > become detached [verb (intransitive)] > break off > split off chinec1300 to flaw off1665 spall1853 sliver1880 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xl. 363 Spawling off under the axe in dangerous little chips. 1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic §423 If this precaution is not taken the corners will ‘spawl’ off. 1940 K. Rexroth In what Hour 33 Novelty emerges after centuries, a rock spalls from the cliff. 1968 Engineering 26 July 171/3 These alloys would spall after enamelling. 1977 Sci. Amer. Feb. 35/1 High-energy impacts cause large pieces of the target to spall off. 1980 National Trust Autumn 14/2 Damp has penetrated the stone..and the corners have broken off or spalled. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). spallv.² Brit. /spɔːl/, U.S. /spɔl/, /spɑl/ Etymology: Related to spall n.³ transitive. To fix (ship-frames) at the proper breadth by means of cross-spalls. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > build a ship [verb (transitive)] > specific operations berth1627 reconcile1633 ceil1691 frieze1769 skin1774 score1779 mould1797 ribband1805 fortify1820 horn1850 spall1850 convert1862 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 112 The main and top-timber breadths are the heights mostly taken for spalling the frames. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c1440n.²1590n.³1895v.¹1758v.²1850
随便看	reflexest reflexibility reflexible reflexile reflexing reflexious reflexity reflexive reflexive selection reflexively reflexiveness reflexivenesses reflexives reflexivities reflexivity reflexivization reflexivize reflexivizing reflexlier reflexliest reflexly reflexness reflexogenic reflexogenous reflexological

spalln.1

spalln.2

spalln.3

spallv.1

spallv.2

spalln.¹

spalln.²

spalln.³

spallv.¹

spallv.²