royaladj.n.
/ˈrɔɪəl/, U.S. /ˈrɔɪ(ə)l/ A. adj.
1. Befitting or appropriate to a monarch, esp. in quality, size, or ostentation; stately, magnificent, splendid, imposing. N.E.D. (1910) interpreted quot. c1400 as showing a different word, perhaps related to roil v.1 or roil v.2
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > splendour > [adjective] > magnificent
lordlylOE
richc1275
prouda1300
noblec1300
gloriousc1315
reala1325
rialc1330
stouta1350
solemnc1386
royalc1400
pompousc1425
statelyc1425
lordlike1488
magnific1490
of state1498
magnificenta1530
pompatic1535
magnificala1538
princely1539
gorgeous?1542
regal1561
superbious?1566
surly1566
splendent1567
heroical1577
superbous1581
sumptuous1594
pompatical1610
pompal1616
fastidious1638
grand1673
splendid1685
grandific1727
grandiose1818
splendiferous1827
splendacious1843
magnolious1863
the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > splendour, magnificence, or pomp > [adjective]
wlonkOE
kine-wurtheOE
reala1325
rialc1330
royalc1400
wlonkfulc1400
statelyc1415
pompousc1425
imperial?1435
pontificalc1440
sumptuous1472
magnific1490
magnificenta1530
statelike1534
pompatic1535
magnificala1538
princely1539
portly1548
regal1561
queen-like?1571
haughty1585
portlike1587
Minerva-like1598
lustrous1605
pompatical1610
pontificial1613
commandinga1616
pompal1616
grand1622
splendid1624
pontifician1629
regifical1656
queenly1791
presidential1804
angeliferous1837
slashing1854
sultanesque1862
pageanted1902
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 790 (MED) Bolde burnez were þay boþe, wyth berdles chynnez, Royl rollande fax, to raw sylk lyke.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 304 Naught trowe I the triumphe of Iulius Of which that Lucan maketh swich a boost Was roiallour [v.rr. roiallour, royallere, Roialer] ne moore curyus Than was the assemblee of this blisful oost.
a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 2534 (MED) A royaler fest did neuer man see In Tharse lond than it was thoo.
a1500 Gospel of Nicodemus (Harl. 149) (1974) 99 (MED) Ther came amonge vs an hasty heete of the sonne, and that royal lyght spredde a-brode amonge vs.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 345 Some folkes..esteme feastes whiche are drawen of a greate length..to bee royall deintie geare.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. iii. 166 Sport royall I warrant you. View more context for this quotation
1622 (?a1513) W. Dunbar Poems (Reidpeth) (1998) I. 65 Thair lady..was convoyed with ane royall routt Off gryt barrounes.
1648 R. Crashaw Steps to Temple (ed. 2) 75 Rich Royall food. Bountifull Bread.
1702 N. Rowe Tamerlane iv. i. 1614 Is this the Royal Usage, thou didst boast?
1760 London Mag. Oct. 544/1 It has its name from a mountain of great height, situated about the middle of the island,..and thence acquired the appellation of the Royal Mountain.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 17 The fur [of the ermine] forms a principal part even of royal magnificence.
1871 R. Browning Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau 78 Those happy heights where many a cloud Combined to give you birth and bid you be The royalest of rivers.
1896 Rev. of Reviews July 79/2 She is exceedingly beautiful, brilliantly clever, and has most winning manners—an odd combination of royal stateliness and almost childlike simplicity.
1921 R. T. Cross My Mountains 9 Hail, royal peak!.. Oh, rugged monarch of the Great Divide.
1951 H. Macmillan Diary 17 Jan. (2003) 46 The General seems to live in a more and more fantastic atmosphere of royal pomp, surrounded by obsequious ‘yes-men’.
1995 Wire Jan. 61/4 Closer in spirit to the royal magnificence of Malian Mandinka praise song than to the supercharged cosmopolitan funk of Dakar.
2.
a. Designating the power, authority, or office of a monarch.† (b) With the adjective following the noun. Obsolete.
(a) With the adjective preceding the noun.
ΚΠ
c1405 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 586 By wisdom, manhede, and by greet labour From humble bed to Roial magestee Vp roos he Iulius the Conquerour.
c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 7 (MED) Though the conquest or victorie by violence or by roialle power sownethe worshipfulle in dede of armes, yet ther ought no cristen prince use them.
1534 W. Turner tr. J. von Watt Of Olde God & Newe sig. Gij Sechinge and goynge about to get royall & proude tytles.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. i. 121 By my seates right royall maiestie. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 1 On a Throne of Royal State, which far Outshon the wealth of Ormus and of Ind. View more context for this quotation
1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 783 By all which it is abundantly evident that Christ hath a Royal power delegated to him from the Father.
1766 T. Amory Life John Buncle II. 271 As protection and obedience are reciprocal, and cannot subsist, the one without the other, it must be a crime in the people not to honour..the royal authority.
1785 W. Cowper Task v. 551 His [sc. God's] other gifts All bear the royal stamp that speaks them his.
1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul v. iii. 523 These divisions..have fallen off from the royal authority, in a greater proportion than those under the Haukims.
1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. x. 483 They began..to pass decrees in utter defiance of the royal authority.
1900 G. T. Lapsley County Pal. Durham 44 He..based his demand squarely on his royal power.
1997 J. Bowker World Relig. 86/2 (caption) His royal authority is also symbolised by the kalgi or plume on his turban.
ΚΠ
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) i. l. 432 Myn estal royal here I resigne In-to hire hond.
a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 20263 (MED) I dar affermen her a-noon, Sterrys and planetys, euerychon, Be soget to hys power royal And to hys ryht Imperyal.
?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. Bv From cotes, and houses pastorall They haue ascended, to dygnyte royall.
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 85v The Empresse keepeth hir estate royall.
1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill 250 In a manner exempte from the iurisdiction royall.
1683 King Charles II in Var. Coll. Hist. MSS Comm. IV. 194 By the authority of our Power Royall to be executed in such order..as We think most convenient.
1760 D. Gordon Gen. Hist. Royal & Noble Personages I. 282 None other end and purpose, but..to have aspired to the dignity royal, by some heinous enterprize against the king's majesty's person.
1773 T. Leland Hist. Ireland II. vii. 178 The king and his progenitors ever rightfully enjoyed all authority royal, by the name of lords of Ireland.
b. Designating the insignia or an emblem of royalty, or an honour paid to a member of a royal family.royal signet: see the first element.
ΚΠ
c1405 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 674 An hanged was Cresus, the proude kyng His Roial trone myghte hym nat auaille.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 1934 (MED) Other was þer noon After þi day for to occupie Þi royal septre, nor þi lond to guye.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 42 (MED) When thei of the portes saugh the baners roiall of kynge Constance, thei hadden grete merveile.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. i. 40 This royall throne of Kings, this sceptred Ile,..this England. View more context for this quotation
1674 D. Brevint Saul & Samuel 63 The Gift of Miracles being to Teachers, what both Credential Letters and Roial Colors are to public Officers.
1708 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (1710) 56 The Royal Arms of Scotland.
1832 T. B. Macaulay Armada 20 As slow upon the labouring wind the royal blazon swells.
1844 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army 36 Every ship and vessel of war meeting her shall fire a Royal Salute.
1899 Daily News 2 Dec. 6/6 Ermine is especially useful. The two sketches given here show modes of introducing the royal fur.
1904 E. C. Garrett Philippine & Other Verses 21 He regulated..Which way the inside gate-guard faced To give the royal salute.
1972 G. M. Brown Greenvoe (1976) iv. 131 And yet the royal seal is on him as he stumbles from corrie to hovel.
1993 Gibbons Stamp Monthly Jan. 93 45/3 The incorporation of the head is a well-known design problem; but similar problems would no doubt arise if the Royal Cipher, or country name were used instead.
c. Designating a personal attribute of a monarch or a member of a royal family.Frequently a deferential amplification of, or substitute for, a possessive adjective: compare the note at majesty n. 2.
(a) Of a physical attribute, esp. a part of the body.In quot. 1698 in extended use.
ΚΠ
1543 Chron. J. Hardyng cciii. f. cciv But to the kyng he came I vnderstand Holy submittyng hym vnto his royall hand.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. ii. 140 Deliuer this Paper into the royall hand of the King. View more context for this quotation
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. ⁋3 His Royall heart was not daunted.
1625 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. (1659) 206 God in his mercy soon repair this breach by your Royal head.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 176 [A tiger] Disrobed of its Royal Hide.
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. ii. 420 But..swear, To keep my voyage from the royal ear, Nor uncompell'd the dang'rous truth betray.
1762 J. Delap Hecuba ii. 29 No time shall from my grateful memory raze That moment when I clasp'd thy royal knees.
1820 J. H. Reynolds Fancy 29 I wish'd you'd stiffen—that I might enclose Your royal limbs, and measure to the toes.
a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1888) 12 Don't give your Royal brain the vapours By opening Opposition papers.
1861 All Year Round 5 14 The embalmer's work from all decay Had kept his royal person.
1927 Immortalia 45 His greatest sport Was pulling his royal pud.
1999 Independent 20 Dec. i. 20/1 She will presumably kiss the Duke of Edinburgh, while Tony Blair..will peck the royal cheek.
(b) Of a non-physical attribute, as character, a sentiment, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [adjective] > of the sovereign
royal1733
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [adjective] > relating to sovereign
royal1733
1733 L. Theobald Wks. Shakespeare I. p. xxxi For it is not to be wonder'd at, if both the Court and Schools, equal Flatterers of Power, should adapt themselves to the Royal Taste.
1764 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. I. 159 The government was now much changed from what it was in the times, even of Richard, where Judges were but the ministers of royal caprice.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Charles I i, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 239 You torch-bearers..attend the Marshal of the Masque Into the Royal presence.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vii. 219 A proof that the dominion of the Jesuits over the royal mind was absolute.
1920 F. A. Parsons Psychol. of Dress vii. 290 Napoleon was no less active at Versailles, Fontainebleau, Compiègne, and other centres where the new royal taste was imposed upon the old order.
1991 Spy (N.Y.) Nov. 56/1 He'd decided..to ask would-be lieges to send him cash, whereupon he would or wouldn't grant a title according to his royal whim.
3.
a. Owned, occupied, owing to, or used by a monarch or a royal family; forming part of the possessions or property of a sovereign.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [adjective] > belonging to or used by
royalc1405
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [adjective] > belonging to sovereign
royalc1405
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 639 Arcita..in the Court roial With Theseus [h]is Squyer principal Is risen.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 5636 He [sc. Jupiter] was lord of eyr, of lond, & see, Hys royal kyngdam deuidyng in-to þre.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. xxv [He] departed from his manour royall of grenewich the .xv. daye of June.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iv. 44 We are inforst to farm our royall Realme. View more context for this quotation
a1618 W. Raleigh Apol. Voy. Guiana 27 in Judicious & Sel. Ess. (1650) If you find it [sc. the mine] Royall,..then let the Serjeant Major repell them.
a1676 M. Hale De Jure Maris i. vi, in F. Hargrave Coll. Tracts Law Eng. (1787) 36 This great and solemn tryall for the right of a royall river.
1746 P. Francis tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles i. xii. 8 Are you with food, and warmth, and raiment blest? Not royal treasures are of more possesst.
1785 W. Cowper Task v. 157 Nor wanted aught within, That royal residence might well befit, For grandeur or for use.
1815 J. Mayne Jrnl. 3 Feb. (1909) xi. 270 The Princess of Wales was present, and towards the end of the opera she went round into the royal box.
1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. vi. 169 Most of the great families seem to have resided in the same town which contained the royal mansion.
1935 Geogr. Rev. 25 680 Prizren was the chosen royal residence, Peć the seat of the patriarchship of the Serbian church.
1968 J. Fleming Kill or Cure ix. 115 She wasn't allowed into the Royal Enclosure at Ascot.
2002 B. Hoey Her Majesty xi. 167 Her feeling was that for a nation with as proud a maritime tradition as Britain not to have a royal yacht for the sovereign to sail in was the beginning of the end.
b. Esp. of an official declaration: proceeding from, or issued under the authority of, a monarch. Cf. royal assent n., royal warrant n. at Compounds 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [adjective] > proceeding from or performed by
royal1429
royal1569
1429 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) III. 337 (MED) Oure said souverain Lord hath..graunted his licence roiale..to his subgittes..for to passe out of þis his said land.
1598 F. Meres tr. Luis de Granada Sinners Guyde i. xxi. 234 Whom will not this royall charter content & satisfie?
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings x. 13 Besides that which Solomon gaue her of his royall bountie.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. iv. 89 By all your good leaues Gentlemen; heere Ile make My royall choyce. View more context for this quotation
1780 T. Davies Mem. Life David Garrick I. xvi. 180 The king was prevailed upon to give a kind of sanction to this entertainment, by a royal command, on the first night of representation.
1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 416 The royal letters are a thing of course—A king, that would, might recommend his horse. View more context for this quotation
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. iii. 67 The path of royal policy cannot be always squared..by the abstract maxims of religion, and of morality.
1861 Chambers's Encycl. II. 229/1 In 1556..the Stationers' Company of London was constituted by royal charter.
1917 Times 21 Sept. 5/6 It proposes equal electoral rights, as set forth in the Royal Decree last July, without any census and without any attempt at pluralizing.
1927 Ld. Rosebery in Times 16 Feb. 15/5 What is this sum, how was it obtained, and what is its source?.. It surely cannot be the sale of the Royal Honours.
2004 Church Times 20 Feb. 14/4 Protocol suggests that the Union Flag is half-masted only by royal command, normally as a sign of national mourning.
c. Of a person: that is in the service of king or queen. Also in extended use, of a pawn in chess (cf. king's pawn n. at king n. Compounds 5b, queen's pawn n. at queen n. Compounds 3b).In quot. a1540 perhaps: designating a knight created by the sovereign.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [adjective] > in service of sovereign
royala1540
a1540 (c1460) G. Hay tr. Bk. King Alexander 858 Quhat that was ane royall warldlie sycht To se new maid sa mony royall knycht.
1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 206 No sooner was old Abbas by bold death struck from the helme of Persia; and young Soffy his Grand-sonne made the royall Stear-man, but [etc.].
1673 J. Milton Psalm LXXXV in Poems (new ed.) 158 Before him Righteousness shall go His Royal Harbinger.
1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Apr. (1965) I. 323 He was preceded by the Janizarys.., Spahys and Bostangées; these are the foot and Horse Guard and the Royal Gardiners.
1772 W. Jones Poems 155 (note) The chief art in the Tacticks of Chess consists in the nice conduct of the royal pawns.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vii. 224 Two royal messengers were in attendance during the discussion.
1868 A. P. Stanley Hist. Mem. Westm. Abbey ii. 99 The Royal Cook stood at the door of the Abbey with his cleaver.
1909 Chatterbox 211/2 The royal pages had to stand at attention for interminable hours behind her Majesty's chair.
1995 Daily Express 17 Mar. 39/1 If you are among the army of ‘I wish I had more time’ gardeners..then spare a thought for the Royal gardener at Buckingham Palace.
d. Of an event, ceremony, or act: involving, or attended or performed by, a monarch or a member of a royal family.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [adjective] > proceeding from or performed by
royal1429
royal1569
1569 A. Golding tr. N. Hemmingsen Postill f. 290 It is too bee obserued, what they be that bid the guests too this royall mariage.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 800/1 You shall haue the whole solemnitie of the said roiall funerall, as it is found recorded by Edward Hall.
1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 131 Artaxerxes the Great gave Mithridates..a Gown or Vest of gold which he wore during a Royal banquet.
1708 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (1710) 54 When he shall please in his Royal Progresses to visit these parts.
1736 A. Pope Let. 30 Dec. (1956) IV. 49 I have seen a royal birth-day uncelebrated, but by one vile Ode, and one hired bonfire.
1794 Ld. Auckland Corr. (1862) III. 256 It is proposed to one of your sisters to be bridesmaid at the royal marriage.
1822 J. Crawfurd Diary 6 Oct. in Jrnl. Embassy to Courts of Siam & Cochin China (1828) 266 Our Indian servants, to the great scandal of the Cochin Chinese,..declined partaking of the royal banquet.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 592 A building which had been previously honored by royal visits.
1864 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia IV. xvi. xiii. 468 His poor Wife had twice squeezed her way into the Royal Levee at Kensington.
1922 A. Jekyll Kitchen Ess. 212 The spontaneous rejoicing and sympathy evoked by a recent royal wedding.
1976 S. Wales Echo 23 Nov. Laughter at a Royal Investiture—it is unheard of said a Palace usher.
2005 Independent 1 Nov. 14/1 Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall begin their first royal tour as husband and wife.
4.
a. Of lineage, blood, etc.: connected with, originating from, a monarch or line of monarchs.blood royal: see the first element. Cf. sang royal n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [adjective] > descended from king
rialc1400
royalc1405
king-descended1863
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [adjective] > kingly > relating to king
reala1325
rialc1330
royalc1405
kingly1417
c1405 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 153 The faireste children of the blood roial Of Israel he leet do gelde anon.
c1475 tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 112 (MED) Thancked be our lorde, and laude and glorye be geuyn to him; our prynces of Fraunce that be of the royall bloode be right clene in suche matiers.
1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) iv. xxxi. f. lxxvij*v His kynrede that is the royal blood of the reame.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 168 Haill, blosome breking out of the blud royall.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A3v She..By descent from Royall lynage came Of ancient Kinges and Queenes.
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 321 One was sent to govern them that was of Royal Blood, and by Kinred allyed to the King.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 325 Of the Royal Stock Of David..shall rise A Son. View more context for this quotation
1769 T. Gray Ode at Installation Duke of Grafton 5 High Potentates and Dames of royal birth.
1871 Burke's Peerage 836 This ducal house [of Norfolk] stands, next to the blood-royal, at the head of the peerage of England.
1907 G. Massey Anc. Egypt I. 70 Royal blood is the blood to be sacredly or very carefully preserved from any base admixture.
1972 F. Willett in D. Fraser & H. M. Cole Afr. Art & Leadership xii. 210 The beaded crown, with its implications of royal lineage, is the greatest mark of honor for a Yoruba Oba.
2006 Dunoon Observer & Argyllshire Standard 7 July 25/3 Despite the fact that she was illegitimate, she was still of Royal blood and had been brought up at the royal court .
b. Of a person or group of persons: having the rank of king or queen; belonging to a royal family. Also in extended use. Cf. royal family n. at Compounds 1.Prince Royal, Princess Royal, royal duke: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [adjective]
gracious?a1400
regal?c1400
royalc1450
R1654
c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) 2247 (MED) Marsedage, the roialle kinge, Rode in riche weede.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Pet. ii. 9 But ye are a chosen generacion, a royall presthod, an holy nacion, and a peculiar peple.
a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 45/1 The Lordes..wer appoynted as the Kynges nereste friendes, to the tuicyon of his..royall parsone.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. ii. 4 Then march to Paris Royall Charles of France. View more context for this quotation
1655 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 182 The first word that her highnesse Royale euer heard of it.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 225 The prince of Wales,..and also his royal consort, and the princess royal.
1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. xlix. 146 The royal youth was commanded to take the crown from the altar.
1815 W. Wordsworth Poems I. 244 Call not the royal Swede unfortunate Who never did to Fortune bend the knee.
1837 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. III. xvii. 272 The royal dynasty of the Apostles is far older than all the kingly families which are now on the earth.
1915 Star & Sentinel (Gettysburg, Pa.) (Electronic text) 8 Sept. A son was born to Victor and his royal spouse, Princess Clementine of Belgium.
1999 Times 12 May 1/3 The fourth royal couple to have their marriage commemorated in special-issue stamps.
5. In more general usage: of, involving, or relating to a monarch or royalty.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [adjective]
reala1325
rialc1330
principala1382
royalc1405
princely?a1510
monarchical?1573
monarchal?1585
monarchic1604
monarchial1788
majestarian1847
sovereignly1884
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Sir Thopas (Ellesmere) (1871) l. 2038 Do come..my Mynstrales And geestours for to tellen tales..Of Romances that been Roiales [c1415 Lansd. Roials] Of Popes and of Cardinales.
1554 Hawes' Pastime of Pleasure (new ed.) xliii. sig. C.iiii Arthur..With all his knightes..shall make to remayne Their worthy actes, hygh and honourable Perpetually, for to be commendable In royall bokes, and gestes hystoriall.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. iii. 54 Great prediction Of Noble hauing, and of Royall hope. View more context for this quotation
1694 J. Brome Hist. Acct. Mr Rogers's Trav. 36 Upon the Front are admirably carved the Arms of his Majesty, by which is placed his Royal Statue.
1703 N. Tate Portrait-royal Ep. Ded. sig. A2 This Poem upon the Royal Portrait.
1791 European Mag. Aug. 150/1 The..Royal connection with the Assembly.
1808 Times 2 Dec. 3/2 His Majesty and the Royal Party..expressed their surprise at seeing a youth of such stature in every way proportionable.
1883 D. Cook Nights at Play cxxxvi. 415 This scene of royal controversy and recrimination, which occurs in the third act of the tragedy, provides it with its most exciting moments.
1913 R. G. Collingwood tr. B. Croce Philos. G. Vico xvii. 199 Vico does not spend much time over historical events of the royal period.
1982 Times 26 May 9/3 ‘Liberté!’ cries someone from the crowd, and the royal group are pelted from the platform with the appropriate fruit.
2000 Canberra Sunday Times 11 June 26/3 A team of high-priced courtiers have been massaging the media, leaking royal tidbits.
6. Having the character appropriate to a monarch; noble, majestic; generous, munificent.
a. Of a person.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [adjective]
custyeOE
room-handeda1200
largea1225
free?c1225
plenteousc1350
bounteousc1374
liberalc1384
free-hearteda1398
ungnedea1400
royalc1405
opena1425
plentifula1475
profuse?a1475
ungrighta1475
lavishc1475
almifluent1477
prodigous1477
frank1484
bountiful1508
largifluent?a1525
munificent1565
magnificent1577
largeous1583
munifical1583
magnifical1586
free-handed1592
frolic1593
open-handed1593
magnific?1594
prodigal1595
goodwillya1598
communicativea1602
real1602
prodig1605
unniggard1605
generous1615
open-hearteda1617
large-handeda1628
unniggardly1628
fluent1633
profusive1638
numerous1655
largifical1656
insordid1660
unsparing1667
dispensive1677
expensive1678
wasteful1701
flush1703
unboundeda1704
genteel1741
munific1745
magnifique1751
ungrudginga1774
unstinting1845
brickish1860
flaithulach1876
princely1889
outgiving1896
sharing1922
two-handed1929
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > majesty, glory, or grandeur > [adjective]
higheOE
drightlikeOE
highlyOE
drightfula1225
prouda1275
principalc1385
solemna1387
gentlec1390
high and mighty1400
imperial?c1400
royalc1405
kinglyc1425
sublimatec1425
lordfulc1429
lordlyc1440
assumpt1447
raiseda1450
haught1470
kinglikec1485
lordlike1488
triumphant1494
greatlya1500
princely?a1510
supereminent1531
princelike1532
lofta1547
lofty1548
regal1561
supernal1562
haughty1563
excelse1569
queen-like?1571
majestical1578
erecteda1586
augustious1591
ennobled1592
imperious1592
enthronized1593
august1594
high-born1598
sublimed1602
jovial1604
majestic1606
enthroned1609
starred1615
exalted1623
majestuous1633
reared1638
sublimary1655
majestative1656
kingrik1663
superb1663
grand1673
celse1708
stilted1744
canonized1790
queenly1791
apotheosized1794
princified1857
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 267 This Roial Markys richeliche arrayed..Vn to the village..the righte wey han holde.
c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 754 I fond a lyknesse depict vpon a wal, Armed in vertues,..The hed of thre ful solempne and roial, Intellectus, Memorye, and Resoun.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. ii. 231 That braue Prince..Young, valiant, wise, and no doubt right royall . View more context for this quotation
1616 T. Gainsford Rich Cabinet f. 54 Hee..can readily recount, what a royall house-keeper his great grandfather was in euery particular.
1689 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 309 Isaac [Vossius] was invited thither [to Sweden] by the heroic and royal errant.
1726 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xviii. 302 Too faithfully my heart retains the day That sadly tore my royal Lord away.
1861 T. E. May Constit. Hist. Eng. (1863) I. i. 50 Louis the Great himself could not have been more royal:—he..felt himself every inch a king.
1982 H. Gardner In Def. of Imagination 74 Richard in the first two acts is not poetical at all. He is royal, politic, ironic, insolent, selfish, irresponsible, and foolish.
2003 I. Seward William & Harry xi. 195 The last thing he seemed to want was people feeling sorry for him. He was very royal in that respect.
b. Of a bird or other animal. Cf. Compounds 2.cygnet-royal, hart royal: see the first element.
ΚΠ
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Squire's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 256 Yet ascendyng iss the beest roial The gentil leon with his Aldiran.
a1500 (a1450) Partonope of Blois (Rawl. Poet.) (1912) l. 4831 (MED) Yet yeve more he: Clothis of golde and sylke grete plente, Hors, houndes, beris, lyons, Goshaukes, sparehaukes, and royall facons.
1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory f. 104v Plinie wryteth that the Cocke is the royallest birde that is, and of him selfe a king.
1614 G. Chapman Andromeda Liberata Ep. Ded. sig. ¶¶3v The Royall Beast, whose image you Beare in your armes, and aires great Eagle too.
1661 J. Evelyn Panegyric to Charles II 7 At the sight of that Royal Bird was the memory of Sesostris.
1736 E. Curll Rarities of Richmond 140 Living, this Royal Beast shall lose no time, But be at last from Earth snatch'd in his Prime.
1773 A. L. Aikin Poems 43 The royal bird..holds his sounding pinions pois'd for flight.
1837 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe I. iv. 398 After all this bile against those the royal bird represents.
1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country ii. 93 A stag-hunt gives the royal creature law.
1990 Illustr. London News Christmas No. 84 (advt.) Hawk and eagle, falcon, merlin, kite and kestrel..have always been royal fowl, the lords of the air, the grand raptors.
c. Of character, demeanour, a sentiment, etc.
ΚΠ
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 3162 (MED) Iason..In knyȝtly wise dide hym reuerence Þankyng hyȝly his royal excellence.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Animus regalis, a royal harte.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iv. iii. 118 'Tis The royall disposition of that beast To prey on nothing, that doth seeme as dead. View more context for this quotation
1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis v. i. 325 It was the royallest bounty, to giue presently.
1704 J. Trapp Abra-Mule iii. i. 1060 Now you're indeed a Prince: 'Tis Royal Anger, But Threats do nothing.
1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 774 No womanish or wailing grief has part, No, not a moment, in his royal heart.
1843 H. W. Longfellow Spanish Student i. i. 11 Her step was royal,—queen-like.
1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xviii. iii. 71 Pitt's bearing, in this grand juncture and crisis, is royal.
1901 F. W. Cornish Chivalry 168 William Rufus, when unhorsed in a skirmish, disarmed his enemies by the terror of his countenance and royal demeanour.
1992 1001 Images of Dogs ii. 36 The Sloughi, or Arabian Hound, comes from North Africa. A slim, muscular dog, it is elegant with a royal bearing.
7. In various military and related uses, denoting something on a grand scale, or of great size or strength (chiefly postpositively).† a. Designating forces, weaponry, etc., as army royal (also royal army), battalion royal, royal ordnance. Obsolete.camp royal, cannon-royal: see the first element.† c. Designating fortifications, etc., as royal bastion, royal fort (see also fort-royal n.), royal parapet. Also list royal. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > other types of army
army royalc1405
royal army1617
army of occupation1815
private army1857
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 863 This Emperour hath sent anon His Senatour with Roial ordinaunce..On Surryens to taken heigh vengeaunce.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xv An armie royall appoyncted with all spede, to inuade England.
1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons 10 b They do discouer that they haue very seldome or neuer seene an Armie royall march in the field.
1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida iii. sig. E2 He who hath that, hath a battalion Royal, armour of proofe.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 69 The weakning of the royallest Army that ever went out of England.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A Governor who has the assurance to hold out a petty Place against a Royal Army.
1731 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Royal Army, is an army marching with heavy cannon, capable of besieging a strong, well-fortified city.
b. Designating military action, etc., as †conquest royal, †joust royal; royal battle, royal siege (also siege royal), royal war. Also in extended use. Now rare.battle royal, voyage royal: see the first element.
ΚΠ
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 7440 (MED) Þis litel Ile Is pertynent and longeth to Secile Wher Hercules, for a memorial, Sette pilers in his conquest royal.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xvii. 396 To see where he myghte best pitche his tentes and his pavylions, for to kepe sege royall afore the castell of Mountalban.
1494 in J. Gairdner Lett. Reigns of Richard III & Henry VII (1861) I. 394 The justys roiaulx in the kyngis palaice of Westmester.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iv. iv. 467 Away towardes Salisburie, while we reason here, A royall battell might be wonne and lost. View more context for this quotation
1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 99 They are able to raise, or vndertake any voyage royall.
1602 Ld. Mountjoy Let. in F. Moryson Itinerary (1617) ii. 214 Such necessaries as your Lordships were perswaded were onely fit for a more royall warre.
1669 E. Howard Brit. Princes ii. vii. 188 When Lancasters bold Line possest his Throne, And rais'd a Royal warre, so bloody known.
1729 J. Harvey Life R. Bruce iii. 149 Since the late wond'rous Act the Loyal Bands Increasing daily from the neigh'ring Lands. Then all at once decamp the Royal War, and to Glentrol's thick woody Shades repair.
1759 Mod. Part Universal Hist. VII. xi. xvi. 481 They usually conclude with a royal battle, in which the chova's cocks always come off victorious.
1854 R. W. Eyton Antiq. Shropshire I. 242 In the summer of 1102, his Castle of Brug stood a royal siege of three weeks duration, and was at last surrendered, rather than taken by storm.
1975 F. H. Russell Just War in Middle Ages 145 While in general guerra could mean both a royal war and petty violence, the canonists seem to have used bellum for an openly-declared war and guerra for petty and illicit wars.
ΚΠ
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cxcvijv The kyng..caused lystes royall for the champious..to be newly erected.
1602 T. Lodge tr. Josephus Wks. 320 Being locked vp in a royall fort defenced with foure towers..he suffered no man to approch his presence.
1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 89 It is as Royal a Fort as any in India.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Royal Parapet, or, Parapet of the Rampire, in Fortification, is a Bank about three Fathoms broad, and six Foot high, placed upon the Brink of the Rampire.
1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 194 Seven royal Bastions with Ravelins and Out-works.
1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 256 This fortification is a regular pentagon, or a fort with five royal bastions.
8. Excellent, first-rate, exceptional; (also) †pre-eminent, principal, sovereign (obsolete). Cf. right royal at right adv. 7b. Frequently (and now chiefly) colloquial as an intensifier with ironic force.See also cement royal, coffee royal, etc., at the first element. [In quot. 1526 translating ancient Greek βασιλικός.]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [adjective]
firsteOE
headOE
highOE
greatc1350
upperestc1374
chief1377
singular1377
principala1382
royalc1425
cardinal1440
pre-eminenta1460
praisea1475
main1480
maina1525
primary1565
captain1566
arch1574
mistressa1586
capital1597
topless1609
primea1616
metropolitan1635
transeminent1660
whole1675
uppermost1680
primus inter pares1688
topping1694
Sudder1787
par excellence1839
banner1840
primatial1892
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] > and splendid
wlonkOE
clear1362
wlonkfulc1400
royalc1425
imperial?1435
magnificousa1474
splendidious?a1475
triumphant1494
glorious1622
aureate1625
candid1648
splendid1653
magnifico1654
magnificent1664
dazzling1749
splendiferous1827
angeliferous1837
million-dollar1854
purple1894
colossal1895
(like) a million dollars (also bucks)1911
swell1926
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. l. 5484 (MED) O Troye, allas..Whiche hast of newe, to þi confusioun, Loste þi diffence and þi stronge wal, Þi berer vp, þi surete royal.
a1500 (?c1440) J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (Lansd.) l. 385 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 555 Of the Sheep is cast a-way no thyng..Of his hed boiled with wolle & all, Ther comyth a gelle, an oyneme[n]t ful roiall!
1526 Bible (Tyndale) James ii. 8 Yf ye fulfill the royall lawe accordynge to the scripture which sayth: Thou shalt love thyne neghbour as thy silfe, ye do wele.
1533 T. More 2nd Pt. Confut. Tyndals Answere iv. p. lxxii All thys chapyter of his with his royall rydle of synnynge and not synnynge, is royally ronne to ryghte nought.
1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 20 The Royall Kirk of Rome Quhilk was the heid of Kirkis in christindome.
?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 376 Ane porter..to the bischop his blissing gave, Betuixt the schoulders a royall route.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Sweet-Basil It worthily deserving to be term'd a Royal Plant, from its fragrant Smell and great Vertues.
1832 B. Morrell Narr. Four Voy. vi. 126 For several days after leaving the group we had a steady royal breeze from east-south-east to south-south-east.
1846 Miss Grove Little Grace xiv. 172 If there ever was such a thing as royal weather, mamma, this is it.
1883 F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius xix And they cantered away in royal spirits.
1938 G. Greene Brighton Rock iii. i. 99 She remembered: a face in a bar. She had a royal memory.
1951 J. D. Salinger Catcher in Rye iv. 27 He gave out a big yawn while he said that. Which is something that gives me a royal pain in the ass. I mean if someone yawns right while they're asking you to do them a goddam favor.
1961 J. Heller Catch-22 xxxviii. 393 That's a real royal screwing they're getting ready to give me just because you're too goddam yellow to fly any more missions, isn't it?
2004 S. Hall Electric Michelangelo 332 Nina was a royal pain in the backside when she wanted to be, and quite frequently when she wasn't even trying.
9. In the names of metrical forms, as ballade royal, metre royal, rhyme royal (see the first element).
10. Of an organization or post: founded or established by, under the patronage of, a sovereign or royal person, esp. in his or her capacity as head or representative of the state; incorporated by royal charter.See also Royal Academy n., Royal Commission n., Royal Society n. at Compounds 1; also Astronomer Royal at astronomer n. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [adjective] > established by
royal1470
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [adjective] > established by royal person
royal1470
1470 in L. L. Shadwell Enact. in Parl. conc. Oxf. & Cambr. (1912) 63 (MED) Your College roiall of seynt Nicholas of Cantebrygge.
1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Bv v She yt buylded a college royall to ye honour of ye name of crist Ihesu.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. vii. 226 Not reckoning the Silver..that hath been entred in other roiall custome houses.
1614 E. Grimeston tr. M. Baudier Hist. Serrail iv. 137 The Prince doth cause the youth to be instructed at his Charge, as in royall Colledges, both at Constantinople, Andrinopolis, Bursia and elsewhere.
1673 J. Milton Sonnets xviii, in Poems (new ed.) 60 Cyriack, whose Grandsire on the Royal Bench Of Brittish Themis,..with no mean applause Pronounc't.
1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 503 Shall royal institutions miss the bays, And small academies win all the praise? View more context for this quotation
1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. at Academy We have in England two royal military academies, one at Woolwich, and one at Portsmouth.
1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies i. 116 I hope it will not be long before royal or national libraries will be founded in every considerable city.
1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) xxv. 233 One of the so-called royal hospitals of London.
1907 Times 9 Mar. 12/2 His Majesty had been pleased to command that the club should be henceforth known as the Royal Automobile Club.
1977 Western Morning News 1 Sept. 6/1 The following..adhere to a code of conduct laid down by the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors.
1995 Daily Tel. 29 Mar. 27/5 In a statement of affairs presented in the Royal Courts of Justice last week, he names her as being jointly and severally liable for £2,224,000 of debts.
11.
a. Designating paper of a size measuring 24 by 19 inches (approx. 61.0 by 48.3 cm) for writing or 25 by 20 inches (approx. 63.5 by 50.8 cm) for printing; chiefly in royal paper (also †paper royal); similarly †royal sheet. Also in combination with the names of other types of paper, and designating a work printed on paper of this size. Cf. rial adj. 4. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > paper > [noun] > sizes of
royal paper1497
small paper1497
sheet1510
demy1546
imperial1572
pot1579
quarto1580
grape1611
crown paper1620
foolscap1660
bastard1711
copy1712
crown1712
vigesimo-quarto1864
columbier1875
society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > paper of specific size
paper royal1497
paper rial1501
sheet1510
demy1546
imperial1572
pot1579
lily-pot1593
grape1611
cap1620
crown paper1620
post1648
foolscap1660
bastard1711
copy1712
crown1712
Kentish cap1766
vessel of paper1790
antiquarian1815
quartern1819
quatrain1819
Albert note1846
cap-paper1854
sermon paper1855
Albert1859
columbier1875
Albert notepaper1881
cuatro1904
duchess1923
half-imperial-
1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 128 A reame of paper roiall.
1529 in Trevelyan Papers (Camden) 139 To a Stacyoner, for vj bokes of paper royall.
1578 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Queen Elizabeth (1908) 296 iiii quire of Royall paper.
1630 J. Taylor Praise of Hemp-seed 70 in Wks. His shirt may be transform'd to paper-royall.
1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα 45 As a church in folio; as a fair book of royall paper.
1673 Term Catal. 7 Feb. (1902) I. 132 A new Map of England in a Royal Sheet.
1710 J. Addison Tatler No. 216. ⁋12 I bequeath my English Weeds pasted on Royal Paper.
1712 London Gaz. No. 5018/3 For all Paper called..Royal fine.., fine Holland Royal.., Blue Royal.., Genoa Royal.
1786 W. Cowper Wks. (1837) XV. 187 You will observe that they have all made the full payment, and all subscribe for royal paper.
1820 J. Milner Suppl. Mem. Eng. Catholics 311 The learned gentleman though it prudent to print and circulate another royal edition of the Protestation.
1825 T. C. Hansard Typographia 610 This work was also the means of first introducing Mr. Whatman's yellow wove royal paper.
1855 R. Herring Paper 103 Middle Hand, 22 by 16;..Royal Hand, 20 by 25.
1919 in J. C. Hover et al. Mem. Miami Valley II. 609 In the year 1815 it attained to the size of a super royal sheet, and was subscribed for by 1200 persons.
1921 Proc. Amer. Antiquarian Soc. Apr. 108 The first in the Library commences with vol. 4, and the year 1775, printed on a royal paper, in four columns, and published weekly on Monday.
1999 J. P. Wainwright in T. N. Corns Royal Image viii. 166 All three sets of part-books are made up of the best quality royal paper—the type of paper often used for presentation manuscripts—that contains watermarks which can be dated to before 1640.
b. Designating sizes of paper obtained by folding a sheet of royal paper, as royal folio, royal quarto, royal octavo. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > paper > [adjective] > sizes of paper
demy1546
imperial1658
super-royal1681
medium1711
royal1780
society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [adjective] > designating international standard paper size > specific size of paper
demy1546
imperial1658
foolscap1671
super-royal1681
medium1711
royal1780
pinched1893
1780 F. Blackburne Mem. Thomas Hollis I. 224 He..prevailed with Mr. Millar, the chief proprietor, to have the letters printed on royal quarto paper.
1797 Monthly Mag. 3 59 It will be comprized in three or more volumes, royal quarto.
1868 Quaritch's Gen. Catal. Bks. 605 [Cureton] Spicilegium Syriacum,..roy. 8vo. cloth.
1873 H. Morley First Sketch Eng. Lit. viii. 508 In 1611 he published, in royal folio, his Chronicle.
1986 P. O'Brian Reverse of Medal ii. 57 The cove thought the book, set in pica, would make a very neat royal octavo.
2006 R. B. Sher Enlightenm. & Bk. i. 50 These variations can be gleaned from..the quarto editions of 1758 and 1768 and of the octavo editions of 1764 and 1770, along with a large royal folio volume by a different author.
12. Supporting, devoted to, or loyal to a monarch or monarchy; spec. supporting the King against Parliament in the English Civil War (now historical); = royalist adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [adjective] > supporting monarchy
royal1600
Regious1651
royalist1680
white?1740
royalistical1801
royalistic1840
monarchistic1890
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. i. 191 Were our royal faiths martires in loue. View more context for this quotation
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. i. 8 The Citizens..haue shewne at full their Royall minds. View more context for this quotation
1643 W. Prynne Popish Royall Favourite 71 If any English Protestant..will be yet so wilfully blinded, as to..joyne with the Royall party against his Religon, Countrey, Liberties, Priviledges.
1648 T. Wilkinson Bloudy Newes from Lord Byron 1 The late Royal Heroe Sir Charles Lucas.
1682 A. Behn Roundheads i. i. 5 Cavaliers, Madam, of the Royal Party.
1747 Compl. List. Eng. Dramat. Poets in T. Whincop Scanderberg 269/1 So zealous an Assertor of the Royal Cause.
1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. ix. 602 Whether a thoroughly upright and enlightened man would rather have listed under the royal or parliamentary standard.
1872 Ladies' Repository Dec. 417/1 They espoused the royal side against Innocent XI.
1901 A. C. Flick Loyalism in N.Y. during Amer. Revol. 131 Many a loyalist, whose natural conservatism..had led him to champion the royal side, was converted to the American cause.
2001 C. Dodd Rules of Attraction 93 During Cromwell's reign, the lord was staunchly royal.
13. Designating or relating to parts or divisions of the British armed forces, or those of Commonwealth countries, with the king or queen as commander-in-chief, or established by royal warrant, as Royal Artillery, Royal Flying Corps, etc.See also Royal Air Force n., Royal Engineers n., Royal Marine n., Royal Naval Reserve n., Royal Navy n. at Compounds 1. Also Royal Horse Guards at horse guard n. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [adjective] > as head of state
royala1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iii. iii. 253 And thou Lord Bourbon, our High Admirall Shall waft them ouer with our Royall Fleete. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 677 As when bands Of Pioners with..Pickaxe arm'd Forerun the Royal Camp, to trench a Field. View more context for this quotation
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 408 The method of ordering seamen in the royal fleet.
1786 R. Beatson Polit. Index ii. 138 The Master General of the Ordnance..is Colonel in Chief of the Royal Regiment of Artillery.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxxiv. 340 I don't care a pinch of snuff for the whole Royal Artillery establishment.
1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 471/2 Woolwich..is also the head-quarters of the royal regiment of artillery.
1913 Aeroplane 17 Apr. 446 Royal Flying Corps, Military Wing.—To be flying officers and to be seconded.
1943 J. L. Hunt & A. G. Pringle Service Slang 55 Reemy, the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, formed in 1942 for the repair of Army tanks.
1995 Stornoway Gaz. 13 July 7/3 Ratings would be multi-disciplined and most would find work either on North Sea supply vessels, ferries serving the coast of Scotland, or deep sea vessels including the Royal Fleet Auxiliary.
14. Nautical. Of or relating to a royal mast or royal sail, esp. in royal yard. See also royal yardman at yardman n.2, and cf. royal mast n., royal sail n. at Compounds 1, top-royal n. at top n.1 and adj. Compounds 2b(b).
ΚΠ
1780 Advt. in Mariner's Mirror (1962) 48 227 Who would enter for a small craft whilst the Leander, the finest and fastest sailing frigate in the world..has room for one hundred active smart seamen and a dozen stout lads for royal yard men.
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 135 Sky-scrapers. These sails are triangular... The foot spreads half of the royal yards.
1839 Knickerbocker 13 42 Send him some ratlinstuff, so that he can set up brace-backstays abaft, and cross his royal yards, and call all hands up anchor.
1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 11 The royal shrouds..are fitted like those of the top-gallant masts.
1927 G. Bradford Gloss. Sea Terms 146/1 Royal yard, the next above the topgallant yard.
1986 N. A. M. Rodger Wooden World (1988) i. 27 Upper yardmen, the youngest of the topmen, often no more than older boys, worked on the topgallant and royal yards.
2001 Sea Breezes 75 324/1 Stretched along the royal yard for instance, on a swaying and rolling sailing ship in the days of those hardy Cape Horn sailors.
15. Of or relating to the use of the pronoun ‘we’ in place of ‘I’ by a monarch or (frequently humorously) by any individual. Cf. royal we n. at Compounds 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > pronoun > [adjective] > specific use of pronouns
impersonal1803
exclusive1828
inclusive1828
royal1835
1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi II. iv. vii. 189 Noticed you the we—the style royal?
1931 Notes & Queries 6 June 414/1 The writer uses ‘we’ throughout—rather unfortunately, as one is sometimes in doubt whether it is a sort of ‘royal’ plural, indicating only himself, or denotes himself and companions.
1975 M. Babson There must be Some Mistake i. 1 ‘We simply can't take it in,’ Lydia drawled, her ‘we’ not only royal, but universal.
1999 M. Frayn Headlong (2000) 83 Glück, writing two years after Tolnay, with all the majesty implied by the royal plural, insists that ‘we share the opinion of most scholars’ in staying with twelve.
B. n.† 4. A royal boat or vessel. Obsolete. rare.
1. † a. A king, queen, prince, or princess. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [noun]
princec1225
sovereign1297
monarch?a1439
royc1440
royalc1440
regala1450
crown1474
potentatec1475
throne1593
mulai1594
Monarcho1598
sovran1649
sceptre-holder1655
Elohima1682
head of state1873
the Palace1962
c1440 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Thornton) 345 Scho rydes vp to þe heghe desse, by-fore þe royalle.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lv. 260 (MED) Alle the Royalles Comen hem vnto and there to Ioswe diden they homage.
c1475 ( J. Hardyng Chron. (Harl.) (1812) 33 (MED) Hercules slewe kynge Leamedon And ledde awaie the roials of the town.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. aii Thus the royale can remove with his round tabill.
1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 372 (MED) He..buryed hym [sc. Richard II]..With the quene Anne in tombe of marbel stone, Full royally arayed as royals.
1656 W. Sanderson Compl. Hist. Mary & James VI i. 52 The Royal, how much soever infant (being due to him at his Birth) is furrogated into the Throne of his deceased Ancestors.
b. colloquial. A member of the royal family; a royal personage.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [noun] > royal person(s)
royc1440
royaltyc1500
regalya1561
royalitya1607
royal1742
1742 H. Walpole Let. 28 Aug. in Corr. (1954) XVIII. 32 We don't talk now of any of the Royals passing into Flanders.
1774 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1862) 2nd Ser. II. 70 Miss Goldsworthy is made sub-governess to the young Royals at St. James's.
1807 T. Chalmers Let. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers I. 80 I was conducted..to a room through which the royals pass in their way to the drawing-room.
1894 Westm. Gaz. 30 May 6/1 Any allusion to the indisposition of a ‘Royal’ appears to be considered at Court a species of treason.
1952 C. Beaton Diary in Self Portrait with Friends (1979) xviii. 239 The audience had to be seated half an hour before ‘the Royals’ arrived.
1979 J. Lees-Milne Diary 29 Dec. in Deep Romantic Chasm (2003) 65 All the Royals present, including new Princess Michael, too much dolled up with that large hat and larger feather.
2003 Independent 30 Apr. i. 15/1 You can't take the slightest liberty with royals, which makes their presence a bore and a blight at social gatherings.
2. The name of various coins.† b. A French gold coin; = rial n.1 1a. Obsolete.† c. A Spanish silver coin; = real n.3 1, rial n.1 2. Obsolete.royal of plate: see plate n. 5a.† d. royal of eight n. Obsolete = real of eight n. at real n.3 2; cf. rial n.1 2c.
a. An English gold coin, originally of the value of ten shillings; = rial n.1 1b. rose royal n. = rose noble n. Now historical.See also James Royal n. at James n. 1b; cf. spur-royal n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > coin of ten shillings
rial1471
royalc1490
half-sovereign1503
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > noble or angel
noble1350
shipc1410
Harry noble1456
angel1469
rose noble1473
angel noble1488
George noble1526
gunhole angela1577
angel piecea1665
rose royal1688
c1490 Cely Papers in Eng. Stud. (1961) 42 147 In half royals.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. ccixv This yere was a newe Coyne ordeyned by the kynge, the whiche was namyd the Royall, & was & yet is in value of .x. Shillynges. The halfe Royall .v. s.
1543 R. Record Ground of Artes i. sig. M.viv A Royall contayneth an Angell and [a] halfe, that is to say, 11s. 3d.
1599 H. Porter Pleasant Hist. Two Angrie Women of Abington sig. B2v M. Gour. This is not noble sport, but royall play. M. Bar. It must be so, where royals walke so fast.
1608 T. Middleton Trick to catch Old-one iii. sig. D3v Theres a Brace of Royalls, prethee, helpe me to'th speech of her.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 392 As much as Crownes or Royalls out-bid brasse farthings.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 29/1 The Rose Noble..is also termed the Rose Royal, or the Royal of England.
1744 J. Grove Hist. Life & Times Cardinal Wolsey III. 8 There were three Gentlemen in wide, long Gowns of Crimson Sattin, the first bearing a Cup of Gold full of Angels and Royals.
1773 T. Ruddiman Introd. J. Anderson's ‘Diplomata Scotiæ’ 131 These large pieces of money began to be coined among us, which were then called reals or royals, but now crowns.
1834 Dublin Univ. Mag. Nov. 516/2 Gold nobles and royals were current during these two centuries, and the exchange between Irish and English money never was above a fourth.
1899 Jrnl. Inst. Bankers Apr. 204 To distinguish it from the older royals or rials, he called the new coin a sovereign.
1911 A. F. Dodd Hist. Money in Brit. Empire & U.S. ii. 32 A new gold coin, known as the royal or rose noble..was struck at the nominal value of 8s. 4d.
1993 R. Lovatt in P. Zutshi Medieval Cambr. 153 There are a surprising number of old coins, often gold royals and nobles.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > French coins > gold
mouton1357
francc1405
rial1420
salute145.
lew1467
royala1513
angelot1515
sanchet1643
louis1689
louis d'or1689
pavilion1757
Napoleon1814
double Napoleon1816
nap1820
leopard-
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xiiii Royalles of Fraunce, which at that tyme were in value after the Rate of sterlynge Money, euery Royall .xxi. d. or .xiiii. sous Parys.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Spanish coins > silver > real de plata
rial1508
rial of plate1555
real1558
royal of plate1559
royal1587
platea1593
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 1211/1 Good store of Spanish roials [1577 Ryals] of plate.
1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 693 Arias Montanus valueth the shekel at foure Spanish royals.
1694 E. Phillips tr. J. Milton Lett. of State 111 The Damages..Amounting to 298555 Royals ½, which is of our Money——74638l. 15s. 00d.
1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances II. 43 We insure to you N upon Gold and Silver, Royals, and Pearls.
1817 R. Ruding Ann. Coinage II. 159 In September he sent into the Mint at the Tower five sacks of new Spanish Royals.
1907 M. Hume Court Philip IV 56 The Count of Villa Mediana, Don Juan de Tassis, rode into the arena,..bearing as his device a mass of silver coins called ‘reals’ (or royals).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Spanish coins > silver > Spanish dollar
royal of plate1559
piastre1592
rial of eight1598
piece of eight1606
royal of eight1606
real of eight1612
rial1640
plate-piece of eight1680
cob1681
cross-dollar1689
duro1777
1606 Last E.-Indian Voy. sig. Iv The marriners were hired by one of those factors, whose head the Generall so lately had saued, for a Royall of 8. a man, to do this braue exploit, at their comming aboard.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 86 The Sultanies, and especially the Royals of eight,..is what they most seeke for.
a1631 R. Cotton in J. Howell Cottoni Posthuma (1651) 297 The said Royall of Eight runnes in account of Trade at 5.s. of his Majestie's now English money.
e. (A projected name for) a decimal monetary unit.The name was proposed in Great Britain and later also in Australia, but was not adopted.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > money of account > for agriculture in Britain and Ireland > proposed decimal
royal1920
1920 Rep. Royal Comm. Decimal Coinage 11 in Parl. Papers (Cmd. 628) XIII. 467 The second scheme (Lord Leverhulme's) proposes the creation of a new unit of 100 halfpennies to be called a Royal.
1963 Guardian 6 June 11/2 The Cabinet decided today that Australia's main currency units will be the Royal and the Crown... The royal, equal to 10 of the present Australian shillings, will be subdivided into 100 cents.
1991 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 13 Feb. 8/3 Former Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies, a royalist to his bootstraps, who wanted the dollar to be called a ‘Royal’.
3. † a. The second branch or tine of a stag's antlers, lying above the brow antler. Cf. rial n.1 3. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > body and parts > antler > branch > second
rialc1425
royal1575
surantler1575
bez-antler1598
beam-antler1623
bay1862
bisantler1863
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxxix. 236 The lowest Antliere is called The Brow Antliere, or Beas antlier, the next Royall, the nexte aboue that Surryall, and then the Toppe.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Surendouiller, the royall of a Stag, the Beancler of a Bucke; the second branch on either of their heads.
1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. i. at Pollard Royall is the next [start] growing aboue the Broach.
b. The third (or occasionally the fourth) branch or tine of a stag's antlers. Cf. royal antler n. (a) at Compounds 1, royal tine n. at Compounds 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > body and parts > antler > main stem of
beam1575
royal1575
royal antler1728
hornbeam1861
royal tine1877
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xxi. 54 This fyrst is called Antlier. The second Surantlier. All the rest which growe afterwardes, vntill you come to the crowne, palme, or croche, are called Royals and Surroyals.
1632 Guillim's Display of Heraldrie (ed. 2) iii. xiv. 179 Skilfull Wood-men describing the head of a Hart, doe call the..c. Lowest Antlier The Browanteliers, d. Next aboue therevnto The Bezanteliers, e. Next aboue that The Royall.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Head The Thing that beareth the Antlers, Royals, and Tops, is call'd the Beam; and the little Streaks therein are Glitters.
1883 Science 1 181/2 The fourth and fifth [tines] correspond somewhat closely to the ‘royal’ and ‘sur-royal’ of the Wapiti.
1977 A. Russell Adventures with Wild Animals 73 The bez and trez tines were heavy and long. His top royals were massive, fully two feet in length, their tips gleaming like two upright ivory spears.
2000 J. Zumbo Elk Hunting 110/2 A quick look at the royals, which are the fourth points back, gives you an idea as to the bull's worth.
c. A stag having a head of twelve points, or ten or more. Occasionally also: an antler with such a number of points. Cf. royal antler n. (b) at Compounds 1, royal stag n. at Compounds 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > body and parts > antler > branch > stag with horns having specific number branches
hart of ten1598
deer of ten1632
eleven-pointer1803
royal1848
pointer1883
ten-pointer1883
1848 Queen Victoria Jrnl. 18 Sept. (1980) 64 A magnificent stag, ‘a royal’, which had dropped, soon after Albert had hit him.
1857 Queen Victoria Jrnl. 6 Oct. (1868) 116 He had very fine horns, a royal on one side.
1883 Longman's Mag. Nov. 74 A grand eleven-pointer, if not a ‘Royal’, standing out alone.
1907 Western Field Oct. 172/2 Many foresters affirm that certain beasts are born ‘royals’, and will attain to that distinction if left to live long enough.
1999 D. Clement-Davies Fire Bringer viii. 171 On the royals they grew like stunted twigs, their points rounded at first, and then..the branches arced and the tines became sharper.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun] > royal vessel
royal1632
1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 40 The Prince taking her for some Pirats ship..commanded the Galley-slaves of his Royall, to row amaine.
5. Military. A type of small mortar. Cf. royal mortar n. at Compounds 1. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > mortar
potgun?1470
mortar1547
mortar-piece1570
pot-piecea1578
bomb1684
coehorn1705
royal1743
royal mortar1867
mortar gun1997
1743 Scots Mag. May 235/2 The enemy letting them ly pretty quiet till the 17th, that they opened a bomb-battery of four mortars, and some royals.
1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. II. 78 The enemy, on their taking possession of Fort St. Phillip's, found..seventy mortars including royals and cohorns.
1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Royals, in artillery, are a kind of small mortars, which carry a shell whose diameter is 5.5 inches.
1852 P. J. Begbie Hist. Services of Madras Artillery I. vi. 90 Three companies of sepoys with two field pieces, one 18 pdr. and three royals, or 5½ inch mortars.
1915 Granite Monthly Nov. 499/1 His command numbered something like 1200 men, with a battery of twelve pounders, one mortar and three royals.
1994 G. T. Edgar Liberty or Death ix. 216 30 artillerists to serve the two 6-pounders, two 3-pounders and four 4-inch mortars (known as ‘cohorns’ or ‘royals’).
6. In plural.
a. The members of the former Royal Scots Regiment of the British army.The regiment was also known as the Royal Regiment, or the First (or Royal) Regiment of Foot; in 2006 it merged with the King's Own Scottish Borderers to become part of the newly created Royal Regiment of Scotland.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier of specific force or unit > [noun]
spahi1562
legionnaire1595
strelitz1603
Croat1623
deli1667
Croatian1700
lancer1712
highlander1725
lambs1744
royals1762
light-bob1778
fly-slicer1785
Life Guardsman1785
royals?1795
Hottentot1796
yeoman1798
pandour1800
Faugh-a-Ballaghsc1811
forty-two man1816
kilty1842
Zouave1848
bumblerc1850
Inniskilliner1853
blue cap1857
turco1860
Zou-Zou1860
mudlark1878
king's man1883
Johnny1888
Piffer1892
evzone1897
horse gunner1897
dink1906
army ranger1910
grognard1912
Jock1914
chocolate soldier1915
Cook's tourist1915
dinkum1916
Anzaca1918
choc1917
ranger1942
Chindit1943
Desert Rat1944
Green Beret1949
1762 in Cal. Home Office Papers (1878) 168 The King approves of the succession in the Royals on Col. Masterton's retiring.
1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) The First Regiment of Foot..is likewise sometimes called Royal Scotch and Royals.
1840 Gen. Mercer in R. J. Macdonald Hist. Dress Royal Regiment Artillery (1899) 53 The 1st Royals long retained their queues after every other regiment had discarded them.
1917 A. Conan Doyle Brit. Campaign France & Flanders 1915 iv. 96 The Royals came up in support, and the brigade held its own.
1998 J. G. Gibson Trad. Gaelic Bagpiping v. 69 In 1675 it became Dumbarton's Regiment..and around 1684 they were named the Royal Regiment of Foot, hence simply Royals.
b. The members of the former Royal Dragoons (1st Dragoons) regiment of the British army. Now historical except in Blues and Royals n. at blue adj. and n. Phrases 11. The regiment was formed in 1661, and was known by various names including the King's Own Royal Regiment of Dragoons and the 1st (Royal) Regiment of Dragoons; in 1969 it merged with the Royal Horse Guards to form the Blues and Royals (Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier of specific force or unit > [noun]
spahi1562
legionnaire1595
strelitz1603
Croat1623
deli1667
Croatian1700
lancer1712
highlander1725
lambs1744
royals1762
light-bob1778
fly-slicer1785
Life Guardsman1785
royals?1795
Hottentot1796
yeoman1798
pandour1800
Faugh-a-Ballaghsc1811
forty-two man1816
kilty1842
Zouave1848
bumblerc1850
Inniskilliner1853
blue cap1857
turco1860
Zou-Zou1860
mudlark1878
king's man1883
Johnny1888
Piffer1892
evzone1897
horse gunner1897
dink1906
army ranger1910
grognard1912
Jock1914
chocolate soldier1915
Cook's tourist1915
dinkum1916
Anzaca1918
choc1917
ranger1942
Chindit1943
Desert Rat1944
Green Beret1949
?1795 ‘Officer of Guards’ Accurate & Impartial Narr. War II. 18 Consisting of the following regiments of heavy Cavalry: Royal Horse Guards or Blues;..1st Dragoons or Royals.
1799 Morning Chron. 20 Aug. The Somerset Provisional Cavalry escorted them through the New Forest; from Wimborne by the Dorset Yeomanry, a part of the first Regiment of Dragoons, or Royals.
1848 Times 19 Feb. 8/5 Lieut.-Colonel Charles S. Cerjat, formerly of the Royals, or 1st Dragoons.
1905 J. W. Fortescue Brit. Army 1783–1802 72 Very soon after the Restoration there was raised the first regiment of dragoons—the Royals—for the colonial garrison of Tangier.
1996 M. Clapp & E. Southby-Tailyour Amphibious Assault Falklands Gloss. xiii Blues and Royals. Cavalry regiment. An amalgamation of the Royal Dragoons (The Royals) and the Royal Horse Guards (The Blues).
c. The Royal Marines.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > marines
maritime regiment1668
marine1672
marine regiment1690
Marine Corps1798
Royal Marine1802
royals1826
RM1827
amphibe1831
1826 W. N. Glascock Naval Sketch-bk. II. 37 In I comes, under reg'lar convoy of two armed craft (for there was a royal, with a bagnet in his fist on my larboard-beam).
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 583 Royals, a familiar appellation for the marines since the mutiny of 1797, when they were so distinguished for the loyalty and steadiness they displayed.
1903 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 684/2 Fifteen years I followed the sea and five was in the Royals. I know women, on my soul better than any man that walks Long Isle sand.
1977 Navy News June 4/1 Next opportunity for the Hermes and 845 Squadron to work with the Royals was during Exercise Dawn patrol in the first weeks of May.
2000 D. Reeman Dust on Sea iii. 61 His name was Welland, and he had joined the Royals as a boy.
d. Casual dockyard labourers who are regularly preferred for hiring when work is available. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > worker in specific place > [noun] > at docks > casual
hobbler1851
royals1883
seagullc1926
1883 G. R. Sims How Poor Live xii His big book with the list of the names of regular men, or ‘Royals’, open before him.
1893 Labour Commission Gloss. Royals, men who get the first chance of dock work, and, like a casual labourer, can be paid or taken on at any time, but receive no week's notice as permanent men do.
1964 V. H. Jensen Hiring of Dock Workers 204 Before the scheme there were ‘Royals’ or the ‘Flying 18’, gangs which were available to any employer who wanted them.
2004 M. Brodie Politics of Poor i. 28 Then there were the ‘preference men’ or ‘Royals’, who were called first when there was casual work available.
7. Nautical. A royal sail. Also: a royal mast. Cf. main-royal at main adj.2 Compounds 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun] > royal sail(s)
topgallant royals1514
top-royal?a1535
royal sail1660
royal1769
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > spar > [noun] > mast > mast above topgallant mast
royal mast1782
royal pole1834
royal1937
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Royal, a name given to the highest sail..in any ship. It is spread..above the top-gallant-sail.
1790 E. Rion Jrnl. 22 Feb. in Last Voy. Guardian (1990) 107 Set a royal on the ensign staff for a ring-tail.
1798 E. Berry in Ld. Nelson Disp. & Lett. (1845) III. 50 It was necessary to take in the royals when we hauled upon a wind.
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple III. viii. 104 We clapped on the royals to follow her.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast iv. 26 We spread more canvass than she did, having royals and sky-sails fore and aft.
1937 ‘C. S. Forester’ Happy Return i. i. 10 He had..noted that the wind was from the west, and just strong enough to give the ship steerage way, with all sail set to the royals.
1970 Parade (Austral.) June 26/2 The ship must have sunk almost instantly because when she was found two days later, only the top of one of her royals was just visible out of the water.
2002 D. Lundy Way of Ship (2003) ii. 77 With the royals sheeted home, all staysails hoisted and trimmed, and the spanker and its topsail in place, the Beara Head was under full sail.
8. Campanology. In change-ringing: a peal rung on ten bells. Cf. bob royal at bob n.5
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > bell-ringing > [noun] > going through all the changes > changes > specific
set peal16..
grandsire1668
whole pull1668
bob1671
peal1671
course1677
set changes1677
single1684
single change1688
Plain Bob1702
Stedman1731
Superlative Surprise1788
touch1788
triple1798
triple bob major1809
maximus1813
royal1813
call changes1837
slam1854
cater1872
cinques1872
triple change1872
plain hunt1874
plain hunting1874
quarter peal1888
method1901
short course1904
1813 W. Shipway Campanologia i. 104 The following is the single method, from Minor to Royal, by which it may easily be obtained on eleven and twelve bells.
1890 Month Nov. 342 The changes rung on five bells are called Doubles, on six bells, Minor,..on ten bells, Royal.
1965 W. G. Wilson Change Ringing v. 24 You merely have two extra dodging positions..in the Royal, with consequently two extra leads.
1980 R. Adams Girl in Swing (1981) iv. 62 Flick came out through the west porch of St Nicholas, with Royals rocking the tower above.
9. With the. Short for Royal Society n. at Compounds 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > learned person, scholar > [noun] > learned association > the Royal Society
Royal Society1664
societarian1751
royal1951
1853 Q. Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 5 164 The establishment of this Society, so far from damaging the interests of the Royal, has rather tended to advance them.
1951 C. P. Snow Masters v. 45 There's not been a day pass in the last three years when he hasn't reminded me that he is a Fellow of the Royal, and that I am not.
2002 J. R. Gribbin Scientists ix. 330 As a thank you, Robert was invited to attend a meeting of the Royal on 18 December that year, where he met Newton, then President.
10. Short for royal blue n. and adj. at Compounds 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [noun] > deep blue
powder blue1628
zaffre1662
ultramarine1695
smalt1775
ultramarine blue (or colour)1781
royal blue1782
smalt-blue1794
mazarine blue1803
blue feldspar1804
lazulite1807
cobalt1835
Vienna blue1835
Venetian bluec1840
bleu-de-roi1848
gentian blue1848
gentian1854
mazarine1857
night-blue1865
lapis lazuli1870
Reckitt's blue1877
royal1885
Littler's blue1904
delphine1909
delphinium1923
Madonna blue1932
1885 Queen 24 Oct. (advt.) Ladies' gloves... Shades, Tan, Golden, and Royal.
1939 J. B. Priestley Let People Sing iv. 82 It [sc. a van] had been generously rather than neatly painted, in a manly scheme of crimson and royal.
1974 Harpers & Queen Sept. 35/1 Crêpe dress. Black, sand, mink, red, emerald or royal.
2001 Independent Rowing News 21 Dec. 27/1 (advt.) Grey, navy, gold, red, maroon, royal, and more!
11. British. The Royal Show (of the Royal Agricultural Society).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > [noun] > agricultural show
show1765
field day1837
royal1958
1958 Spectator 27 June 829/2 The Royal is the shop-window of British farming.
1975 Country Life 26 June 1676/1 Beneath the surface of a highly professional modern ‘Royal’, one may sense the old-time garden-party atmosphere... Verona and the Royal Show are each unique in their own way because they have evolved.
2009 South West Farmer (Nexis) 7 July The famous Royal at which thousands of farmers and others involved in agriculture attend, will be no longer after this week.
Compounds
C1. † royal bob n. [ < royal adj. + bob, of uncertain identity and origin; perhaps Bob , pet form of the male forename Robert (see Bob n.7), with reference to legislation against gin-drinking brought in during the 1720s and 1730s under the administration of Sir Robert Walpole: see Notes & Queries (1900) 1 Sept. 161–3, and 15 Dec. 475–6.] Obsolete slang gin; cf. purl royal n. at purl n.3 Compounds.† royal cocoon n. Obsolete (a) (in silkworm farming) a cocoon containing a live larva, retained for breeding purposes; (b) Bee-keeping the cocoon of a larval queen bee.† royal-cousin v. Obsolete rare transitive to address (a person) by the title ‘royal cousin’. † royal poverty n. Obsolete slang gin. † royal preventive n. Obsolete a solution containing lead acetate, supposed to have medicinal properties, esp. for the prevention of syphilis.† royal scamp n. slang Obsolete a highwayman who robs only rich people without harming them.
royal absolutism n. the doctrine or practice of absolute government by a monarch; (also) an instance of this.
ΚΠ
1830 Times 30 Jan. 4/6 The Committee of Directors, a spectre, which the journals of royal absolutism (ill disguised under the term of royal prerogative) have raised sometimes to justify their abuse.
1910 F. J. Kinsman Princ. Anglicanism i. 33 In the great contest between royal absolutism and the defence of popular rights by parliamentary authority, the Church of England allied itself to the falling cause of monarchy.
1986 H. A. Barton Scand. in Revolutionary Era iii. 82 Vergennes had strongly urged a royal absolutism whereas Sprengtporten had pointedly reminded the king of ‘the rights of the nation’.
2008 Globe & Mail (Nexis) 30 May 21 The monarchy had been thoroughly discredited..by the decision of the feckless king, Gyanendra,..to restore royal absolutism in 2005 and rule like a tyrant.
Royal Academician n. a member of the Royal Academy of Arts; cf. academician n. 2.
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1769 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 46/2 Song, composed by Mr Hull, and sung by Mr Vernon at the feast of the Royal Academicians, January 2, 1769.
1837 Rep. Royal Mint App. 6 The office of a modeller should be established, and I should humbly submit that he might be chosen from among the most celebrated of our Royal Academicians.
1918 G. J. Nathan Pop. Theatre i. 27 He is at once an artist and an excellent business man, a mixture of Royal Academician and Gimbel Brothers.
2000 Guardian 23 May ii. 12/1 It is an essentially silly exhibition, drawn from a send-in of more than 10,000 works, and selected by a group of Royal Academicians.
Royal Academy n. the Royal Academy of Arts; cf. academy n. 3.
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society > education > [noun] > societies promoting
academy1581
society1625
Royal Academy1768
National Society1812
Workers' Educational Association1905
W.E.A.1910
1768 Public Advertiser 20 Dec. The Professors and Academicians..have each of them proper Salaries annexed to their Employment, as have the Keeper of the Royal Academy, the Secretary, [etc.].
1819 J. Constable Let. 2 Nov. (1962) 189 I was last night..elected an Associate of the Royal Academy.
1914 W. Lewis Let. 14 June (1963) 62 There are certain artists in England who do not belong to the Royal Academy nor to any of the passéist groups, and who do not on that account agree with the futurism of Sig. Marinetti.
2000 Daily Tel. 27 Dec. 29/1 The new year starts with one of the biggest bangs ever heard at the Royal Academy, The Genius of Rome 1592–1623.
Royal Air Force n. the British air force; (also) the members of this organization considered collectively. Marshal of the Royal Air Force: see marshal n. 10.The Royal Air Force was founded in 1918 on the amalgamation of the Royal Flying Corps (founded 1912) with the Royal Naval Air Service (founded 1914).
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society > armed hostility > hostilities in the air > air force > [noun]
maritime power1711
fourth arm1901
arm1908
air force1911
RFC1913
R.A.F.1918
Royal Air Force1918
U.S.A.A.F.1943
U.S.A.F.1947
1918 Times 16 Mar. 10/2 It is Our Will and Pleasure that the Air Force to be established pursuant to the said Act shall be styled the ‘Royal Air Force’.
1937 Ann. Reg. 1936 65 The King had approved the creation of a new Reserve called the Royal Air Force Reserve, which would be open only to men in civil life.
1959 Listener 15 Jan. 95/1 The Royal Air Force..is also receiving a ‘substantial’ number of short-range freighters.
2008 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Nov. 243/2 William would be postponing a life full of charity work to begin an 18-month training course in January with the Royal Air Force's Search and Rescue Force.
royal antler n. (a) = sense B. 3b; (b) an antler with twelve points (cf. sense B. 3c).
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > body and parts > antler > main stem of
beam1575
royal1575
royal antler1728
hornbeam1861
royal tine1877
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Royal antler, among Hunters, expresses the third Branch of the Horn of a Hart or Buck, that shoots out from the rear or main Horn above the Bayantler.
1849 J. Craig New Universal Dict. (at cited word) Royal antler, the third branch of the horn of a hart or buck, which shoots out from the rear.
1914 M. Peterson Fur Traders & Fur Bearing Animals 340 The bay antler is produced the fourth year, and the royal antler is acquired in the fifth year.
1996 B. Hell in P. Descola & G. Pálsson Nature & Society 206 Hunters are haunted by the dream of meeting face to face an animal sporting perfect ‘royal’ antlers.
royal arch n. †(a) the female genitals; the womb (obsolete rare); (b) one of the degrees (degree n. 7b) of freemasonry; frequently attributive.
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society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [noun] > the Freemasons > ranks
degreec1430
fellow-craft1696
royal arch1699
third degree1772
1699 R. Barret Compan. for Midwives iii. 96 There he murders the Vertuous Womb of his Dear Lady, and darts into the Royal Arch, his contagious, loathsome Sperm.
1756 L. Dermott Ahiman Rezon 47 The Royal Arch (which I firmly believe to be the Root, Heart, and Marrow of Free-Masonry).
1823 (title) Laws and Regulations, for the Order of Royal Arch Masons.
1904 Westm. Gaz. 2 Aug. 2/3 The Royal Arch degree, the possession of which in these later times has been held essential to a Knight Templar.
1990 T. O'Neill in A. Parfrey Apocalypse Culture (rev. ed.) 282 Beyond national differences, there exist a host of individual and competing rites..Blue Lodge or ‘Craft’ Masonry, Scottish Rite, Royal Arch, Egyptian Rite, Rite of Heredom, Rite of Memphis and Mizraim.
royal assent n. (frequently with capital initials) the formal consent of the British monarch to a bill passed by Parliament.
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1554 J. Proctor Hist. Wyates Rebellion f. 83v All suche bloudie and laqueous lawes, by her royall assent repealed.
1604 in 3rd Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1872) 11/1 All these Bills had the royal assent, and so were enacted.
1706 W. Nicolson London Diaries 16 Feb. (1985) 379 At the House, the Queen gave the Royal Assent to the Annuity-Bill and Malt Tax.
1869 Bradshaw's Railway Man. 21 298 The Fusion Bill..was..carried through both Houses of Parliament and received the Royal assent on the 31st of July.
1911 Times 30 June 12/1 The house met at a quarter to 4 o'clock, when the Royal Assent was given by Commission to..the Perjury Act.
2003 Birder's World Apr. 16/1 The Species at Risk Act..received royal assent on December 12.
royal bark n. now historical and rare (more fully royal yellow bark) a variety of cinchona bark; esp. calisaya bark from the Peruvian tree, Cinchona calisaya.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > specific barks
mezereona1500
cortex1680
Jesuits' bark1694
tellicherry bark1734
slippery elm1748
white cinnamon1751
mezereum1754
canella1756
royal bark1794
cinchona1800
rohun bark1820
false Winter's bark1830
calisaya bark1837
mezereon bark1837
Suriname bark1844
carony bark1853
Honduras bark1881
1794 J. Relph Inq. Med. Efficacy Yellow Bark 63 Dr Thuessink..has said, that it is called Royal Bark, because it was intended for the use of the Royal Family of Spain.
1836 C. F. Partington Brit. Cycl. Nat. Hist. II. 49/1 There are two varieties of the bark in commerce, the Calisaya, or royal yellow bark, and the orange yellow bark.
1876 Encycl. Brit. V. 782/1 The yellow, royal, or Calisaya bark.., the produce of Cinchona Calisaya.
1949 L. J. Warshaw Malaria xxii. 214 Because one particular kind of bark was once purchased for the exclusive use of the King, it was designated as ‘royal’ bark.
royal binding n. Bookbinding a binding embellished with a royal coat of arms.
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society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > type of binding > [noun]
antiquing1728
royal binding1808
Russia binding1817
gothique1818
half-binding1821
Roxburghe1839
paper cover1843
trade binding1874
tree-calf1879
Grolier1880
yapp1883
cloth-work1885
publisher's binding1885
tree-marble1885
treed calf1892
presentation binding1893
quarter leather1894
quarter calf1896
three-quarter binding1897
library binding1903
circuit-binding1909
publisher's cloth1911
quarter binding1912
loose back1923
open back1923
spring-back1923
spiral binding1949
1808 Athenaeum June 551 A MS. which, as containing the whole of the Old and New Testament, as being inclosed in royal binding,..some are willing to estimate as a jewel of antiquity.
1861 Amer. Publishers' Circular Apr. 141/2 Several very rich royal bindings were exhibited recently at the Society of Antiquaries by Mr. Felix Slade.
1952 J. Carter ABC for Book-collectors 157 A book described as being in a ‘royal binding’ may be expected to have a sovereign's arms on one or both covers; but it must not necessarily be supposed that it therefore has a royal provenance.
1995 J. Rosenblum Bibliographic Hist. of Bk. 187 This elaborate exhibition catalog, a landmark in the study of bookbinding,..includes examples of royal bindings as well as work done for commoners.
royal blue n. and adj. (a) n. a deep vivid blue; (b) adj. of this colour.
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [noun] > deep blue
powder blue1628
zaffre1662
ultramarine1695
smalt1775
ultramarine blue (or colour)1781
royal blue1782
smalt-blue1794
mazarine blue1803
blue feldspar1804
lazulite1807
cobalt1835
Vienna blue1835
Venetian bluec1840
bleu-de-roi1848
gentian blue1848
gentian1854
mazarine1857
night-blue1865
lapis lazuli1870
Reckitt's blue1877
royal1885
Littler's blue1904
delphine1909
delphinium1923
Madonna blue1932
1782 Morning Herald & Daily Advertiser 23 Apr. (advt,) Among other colours are the royal blue, the green, pink, the Emperor's eye, straw, &c.
1787 Edinb. Mag. Oct. 273/1 The sky in the zenith..appeared..very nearly of the deepest royal blue.
1835 G. Field Chromatogr. 111 Royal Blue is a deeper coloured and very beautiful smalt, and is also a vitreous pigment, principally used in painting on glass and enamel.
1897 Westm. Gaz. 9 Nov. 3/2 The half-state uniforms are made of royal blue cloth, with gold lacings.
1938 Amer. Home Jan. 73/1, 73/2 The cornice of royal blue linoleum with a white classic design makes an effective contrast.
1976 S. Wales Echo 25 Nov. 29/8 (advt.) 1975 N Reg. Escort 4-door Saloon. Royal blue.
2003 Occasions Spring 54/3 Her bride's outfits incorporated a gypsy look with colours like rani pink, emerald green and royal blue.
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the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > gin > [noun]
bottled lightning1713
gin1713
royal bob1722
diddle1725
strike-fire1725
tittery1725
max1728
maxim1739
strip-me-naked1751
eye-water1755
sky blue1755
lightning1781
Jacky1800
ribbon1811
Daffy's elixir1821
sweet-stuff1835
tiger's milk1850
juniper1857
cream of the wilderness1858
satin1864
Twankay1900
panther1931
mother's ruin1933
needle and pin1937
1722 Dancing-master 5 Small Beer and Cabbage is the Infant's Food; and Nurses Milk by Royal Bob made good.
1729 E. Bockett Geneva 16 Well from thee may it assume, The glorious modern name of Royal Bob.
1770 T. Chatterton Let. 19 June in Compl. Wks. (1971) I. 599 A person..who had drunk so much royal bob..that she was now singing herself asleep.
1910 E. Lacy Bard of Mary Radcliffe iv. 159 That's Bacchus with a bowl of royal-bob!
Royal Borough n. any one of four English boroughs that have a royal connection; used chiefly in their official titles.The Royal Boroughs are Kensington and Chelsea (formerly Kensington), Kingston upon Thames, Windsor and Maidenhead (formerly Windsor), and (since 2012) Greenwich.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun] > borough
burrows-townc1175
mayor-town1375
boroughc1380
borough-town1382
burghc1425
corporate town1478
royal burgh1591
county borough1708
municipality1790
Royal Borough1805
county1888
1805 Sporting Mag. May 81/1 I left the pretty village of Datchet on my right,..passed through the little park, and after a ramble of near thirty miles, entered the royal borough of Windsor.
1897 Private Life of Queen xxvii. 226 Our Queen..gave the plot of land..to the people of the ‘Royal Borough’ [of Windsor] for a recreation ground.
1901 London Gaz. 19 Nov. 7472/2 The King has been pleased to direct Letters Patent to be passed..granting the title ‘Royal’ to the Metropolitan Borough of Kensington, and ordaining and declaring that the said Borough shall henceforth be called and styled the ‘Royal Borough of Kensington’.
1930 G. B. Shaw Apple Cart ii. 75 It is my intention to offer myself to the Royal Borough of Windsor as a candidate at the forthcoming General Election.
1976 Equals Dec. 8/1 She is one of four Conservative councillors for the St. Mary's ward of the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead.
2003 Daily Tel. 11 Sept. 28/8 The stated aim..was to observe in their natural environment some of the ‘millionaires, nobility and fashionistas that inhabit the über-glamorous social scene’ in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.
royal burgh n. (also †burgh royal, †royal borough) a Scottish burgh which derives its charter directly from the Crown; see also convention of (royal) burghs at convention n. 5b(a).
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun] > borough
burrows-townc1175
mayor-town1375
boroughc1380
borough-town1382
burghc1425
corporate town1478
royal burgh1591
county borough1708
municipality1790
Royal Borough1805
county1888
1591 in M. Wood & R. K. Hannay Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1927) V. 42 In ane frie burgh royall.
1648 Sc. Acts (1872) VI. ii. 83 For erecting of þe samyne [burgh] in ane frie burgh royall.
1672 Sc. Acts (1820) VIII. 77/2 Þat they..be freed in all tyme comeing from beiring burden with the royall burroues.
1693 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. (ed. 2) iv. xlvii. §19. 726 Bailies of Regality, Bailies of Burghs-Royal, or of Burghs of Regality.
1708 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 22) ii. ii. ii. 505 These Royal Boroughs are not only several distinct Corporations, but they are also one entire Body, governed by..one general Court.
1734 Treat. Orig. & Progr. Fees 34 That Duty which Burghs-Royal, by their Charters of Erection, owe to the King.
1803 Gazetteer Scotl. Introd. p. xxviii The royal boroughs of Scotland also form, as it were, a commercial parliament, which meets once a year at Edinburgh.
1866 (title) Records of the Convention of the Royal Burghs of Scotland.
1963 North-east of Scotl. 203 Originally burghs..were classed either as Royal Burghs or as Burghs of Barony or Regality according as the burgh lands were held directly under the Crown or under one of the great feudal lords.
1992 Holiday Which? Jan. 31/2 Elgin, a livelier base than either Nairn or Huntly, is an ancient Royal Burgh, and the bustling natural market town for the coastal strip of Moray.
royal cell n. Bee-keeping = queen cell n. at queen n. Compounds 2.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [adjective] > belonging to division Petiolata > of or relating to wasps > relating to queen
royal cell?1768
?1768–9 T. Wildman in Encycl. Brit. (1771) I. 335/1 If this is done..the operator should examine the royal cells.
1835 Penny Cycl. IV. 152/1 The royal cells are very different from those of the male or worker.
1899 D. Sharp in Cambr. Nat. Hist. VI. 66 When the denizens of a hive are about to produce another queen, one or more royal cells are formed.
1927 F. Balfour-Browne Insects vii. 162 Fanciful pictures have been drawn showing them [sc. soldiers] forming a circle round the queen and guarding her in the royal cell.
1956 Ecology 37 252/2 The construction of a royal cell and the concentration of eggs and young nymphs in nurseries also suggested controlled conditions in special portions of the nest.
2000 A. J. Whitten et al. Ecol. Sumatra (new ed.) vii. 234 Here they build their ‘royal cell.’
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1797 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 485/2 The cocoons which are kept for breeding are called royal cocoons.
1844 R. Huish Bees viii. 207 This..could not be accomplished..were the royal cocoon, like that of the common bee, perfect.
1875 Pop. Sci. Monthly Feb. 492 In ordinary cases, if the royal cocoon were complete, it would be impossible for a queen to destroy her rivals in the state of pupæ.
1906 Amer. Bee-keeper Jan. 12 (heading) The Royal Cocoon. Notions, Old and New, About Queen-Cells.
1921 R. Beaumont & W. G. Hill Dress, Blouse, & Costume Cloths 89 Further varieties are formed and designated Calcined and Royal cocoons.
Royal Commission n. (in the United Kingdom) a commission of inquiry or committee appointed by the Crown on the recommendation of the government.
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society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > commission > other types of commission
conservacy1434
conservice1571
conservation1580
conservancy1618
Royal Commission1747
county commission1763
railroad commission1855
Audit Commission1866
European Commission1956
Countryside Commission1964
Truth and Reconciliation Commission1990
Truth Commission1991
1747 Gentleman's Mag. June 298 The royal commission have found him guilty of high treason..and sentenced him to be broke alive on the wheel.
1834 Times 25 Jan. 5/3 The mayor and other members were willing to show proper deference to the Royal commission.
1894 Times 19 May 7/3 A report by Mr. R. Hunter Pringle, Assistant-Commissioner to the Royal Commission on Agriculture, has been laid before Parliament.
1926 Daily Chron. 13 May 1/7 The proposals in this direction tentatively made in the report of the Royal Commission should be pressed and the powers of the proposed board enlarged.
1965 Listener 17 June 892/6 Three royal commissions are at this moment examining the general parts of the local government body.
2001 Financial Times 27 Jan. 4/8 Proposals for universal free personal care, as recommended by the Royal Commission on Long Term Care.
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1875 Ld. Tennyson Queen Mary iii. iv. 157 Their two Graces Do so dear-cousin and royal-cousin him.
Royal demesne n. see demesne n. 3d.
Royal Engineers n. the field engineering and construction corps of the British army; cf. sapper n.1
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society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > engineers
ginour?1265
pioneer corps1775
Royal Engineers1787
RE1838
REME1942
Seabees1942
1787 London Gaz. 24–28 Apr. No. 12850. p. 197 The Corps of Engineers shall in future take the name of the Corps of Royal Engineers.
1872 Pall Mall Gaz. 6 Apr. 8 For use by the officers and sappers of the Royal Engineers for torpedo operations.
1940 War Illustr. 4 Oct. 338 The Bomb Disposal Sections of the Royal Engineers whose job it is to dig up and destroy the time-bombs.
1999 T. Harnden Bandit Country (2000) vii. 253 The work on the base was carried out by 180 Royal Engineers using 39 pieces of heavy plant, including seven cranes which were double-crewed to enable work to continue 24 hours a day.
royal evil n. = king's evil n. 1.In quot. a1678 in a figurative context.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] > scrofula
king's evila1387
scrofulac1400
escroeles1483
swine's evil1528
strume1559
struma1565
queen's evil1584
evila1616
crewels1660
royal evila1678
scrofulosis1860
scrofulide1864
scrofulodermia1899
a1678 A. Marvell Hist. Poem in Poems Affairs State (1697) 100 The Royal Evil so malignant grows, Nothing the dire Contagion can oppose.
1794 J. P. Andrews Hist. Great Brit. connected with Chronol. Europe I. 59 (note) He [sc. Robert of France] is said to have touched for the royal evil.
1836 R. Furness Medico-magus ii. 38 With the confessor, touch'd the royal evil.
1998 A. Hughes Causes Eng. Civil War (ed. 2) ii. 81 While a great deal of propaganda emphasized the efficacy of the king's touching to cure the royal evil, in practice, Charles [I] was extremely reluctant to touch any real subjects.
royal family n. the group of people closely related by birth or marriage to a monarch, spec. (frequently with capital initials) the family of the British monarch; also in extended use.
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society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > family > [noun] > family or household > royal or imperial
household?a1425
royal family1571
1571 R. Reynolds Chron. Noble Emperours f. 204v After the death of Lewes the French kinge, Frauncis discending from the royall familye of the Valesi succeded him.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iv. 191 When a Royal Family is once falling, all things conduce to expedite their destruction.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1674 (1955) IV. 39 She was infinitely censur'd for marrying so meanely, being herselfe alyed to the royal family.
1737 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 499/2 Endeavouring to alienate the Affections of the People from the Royal Family.
1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India II. ix. i. 271 His house, alone, of the Rájpút royal families, has rejected all matrimonial connections with the kings of Delhi.
1866 J. E. Cussans Gram. Heraldry 53 The members of the Royal family difference their arms with a silver label of three points, charged with some distinguishing mark specially assigned to them by the sovereign.
1931 G. A. Reisner Mycerinus i. 3 Some of the mastaba tombs also belonged to members of the royal family.
1978 Times 25 Mar. 14/7 While we were the Royal Family of Vaudeville, the Barrymores were the Royal Family of the Theatre.
2006 Independent (Nexis) 25 Feb. 39 The Royal Family is obliged for reasons of state to remain neutral.
royal fish n. [compare post-classical Latin piscis regalis (1331, 1386 in British sources), Middle French poisson royal (late 14th cent.), and slightly earlier regal fish n. at regal n.1 and adj. Compounds] any of various aquatic animals, esp. whales and sturgeons, customarily considered to belong to the monarch; = regal fish n. at regal n.1 and adj. Compounds.fish-royal: see the first element.
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the world > animals > fish > [noun] > that must be offered to crown
regal fish1562
royal fish1576
fish-royal1776
society > law > legal right > rights to do or use something > [noun] > hunting or fishing rights > fish automatically sovereign's property
regal fish1562
royal fish1576
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 228 Any fish (called a Craspeis) that is,..a great or royall fishe, as whales, or suche other (which by the Lawe of Prerogatiue perteined to the King himselfe).
1623 R. Whitbourne Disc. New-found-land 9 The Sea likewise all along that Coast, doe plentifully abound in other sorts of fish, as Whales,..Hogs, Porposes, Seales, and such like royall fish.
1756 R. Rolt New Dict. Trade Royal fish, are dolphins and sturgeans; as also in France, are salmon and trout; so called, because they belong to the King, when cast upon the sea-shore.
1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. III. 285 Royal fish consist of whale and sturgeon, to which the king, or those who have a royal franchise, are entitled, when either thrown on the shore, or caught near the coast.
1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 290/2 The Dugong is considered by the Malays as a royal fish, and the king has a right to all that are taken.
1903 Juridical Rev. 15 152 With respect to royal fish within England and its territorial waters it may be noted that the right to take them in particular places may come to belong to a subject.
1940 Calif. Law Rev. 28 431 The ‘royal fish’, whale, and sturgeon, when cast ashore or caught near the coast, belong to the Crown by prerogative.
2004 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 3 Apr. 14 A whale in the ocean blue is indeed res nullius until caught; but a whale stranded on the beach..is undoubtedly a royal fish and the property of the Crown.
royal flush n. Poker a straight flush headed by an ace; (formerly also) a straight flush; cf. straight flush at straight adj. 9b and royal straight n.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > poker > [noun] > type of hand > combinations of cards
triplet1864
royal flush1868
bobtailed flush1873
bobtail flush1875
skip1880
royal straight1883
four flush1887
skip straight1887
inside straight1934
1868 W. B. Dick Mod. Pocket Hoyle 151 Royal Flush, a Straight or Sequence, all of the same suit.
1888 B. Matthews Pen & Ink 198 The Royal Flush is not often seen; like other exalted monarchs it does not make itself common in men's eyes.
c1895 Lect. Thompson St. Poker Club 6 A Royal Flush—Ace, King, Queen, Jack (or Knave) and Ten Spot of the same suit.
1922 C. E. Mulford Tex iii. 33 Tex wondered what the crowd would say if he should lean over and pull a royal flush out of Williams' ear, or a full-house from the nephew's nose.
2005 Daily Tel. 9 May 21/5 If Sukhdev Sandhu believes he is holding a royal flush.., then I would be more than happy to play a few hands of Texas Hold'em with him.
royal green n. and adj. (a) n. a green colour associated with royalty; spec. a pigment made by mixing chrome yellow with Prussian blue; cf. chrome green n. at chrome n. Compounds; (b) adj. of this colour.
ΚΠ
1851 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 14 850/2 A ewer of royal green is well designed.
1893 A. Lang True Story Bk. 270 On his head he [sc. Montezuma] wore only a plume of royal green feathers, a badge of his military rank.
1902 Recipes for Colour, Paint, Varnish, Oil, Soap & Drysaltery Trades i. 36 Royal Green. Prussiate of potash..Sulphate of iron, [etc.].
1913 C. L. Uebele Paintmaking & Color Grinding x. 171 Foremost in the line of greens is what we [sc. Americans] call chrome green, which, however, is known on the other side as Brunswick or royal green, an intimate mixture of chrome yellow and Prussian blue.
1951 R. Mayer Artist's Handbk. (new ed.) ii. 60 Royal green, chrome green.
1991 A. Desmond & J. Moore Darwin (1992) xxxii. 476 A specimen copy, in royal green cloth, the text printed on heavy cream paper.
2004 R. Dallek Lyndon B. Johnson iv. 124 Decorated in royal green and gold with crystal chandeliers and plush furniture.
Royal Highness n. an honorific title or form of address given to a person of royal rank.The title His (or Her) Royal Highness (abbreviated HRH) is currently officially given to the consort and children of the reigning British monarch, the sons of the sons of this monarch, and the eldest son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales, but is often used in referring to other members of the royal family. See also highness n. 2b.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > titles applied to royalty
sire?c1225
His (also Her) Majestya1387
realty1400
rialnessc1450
R1466
royalty1543
Royal Highness1555
M1581
Ma.1584
majestyship1594
serenissimo1665
1555 Anno Primo & Secundo Philippi & Mariae Actes made Parl., Westm., 12 November: Acte Punishm. of Heresies f. 10 The Prelates and Cleargye aforesayd..praying..yt his roial highnes would vouchesafe in the sayd parliamente, to prouide a conuenyente remedy [etc.].
1606 R. Parsons Answere 5th Pt. Rep. Cooke v. 135 Wherefore doe your royall highnes concurre also to this our ordination, to the end that those things..may come to their effect.
1732 J. Anderson Royal Genealogies Ded. sig. A3 The having recourse to these Tables will make the reading of any History more entertaining and instructive; and I only presume to offer them to Your Royal Highness as Repertories for recollecting and ranging the Facts [etc.].
1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years II. 19 Her royal highness merely awaited an opportunity of getting rid of him.
1854 W. M. Thackeray Rose & Ring vii The first lord-in-waiting, entered and said, ‘Royal Highnesses! Their Majesties expect you in the Pink Throne-room’.
1955 Times 8 July 5/1 Her Royal Highness drove across the airfield to see a Bristol Britannia airliner undergoing metal fatigue tests in a water tank.
2012 Times (Nexis) 10 May 47 Her Majesty and His Royal Highness..were received at the Sovereign's Entrance by the Earl Marshal and the Lord Great Chamberlain.
Royal Highness v. now rare transitive to address (a person) by the title ‘(your) Royal Highness’.
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1816 J. Forsyth Remarks Excurs. Italy (ed. 2) 456 Prince Augustus of England, when living near Frascati, was often at the Rocca, where they Royal Highnessed each other incessantly.
1831 E. J. Trelawny Adventures Younger Son III. xxxi. 209 De Ruyter bantered me about this Princess of Yug, and Royal Highnessed me unceasingly.
1907 Duke of Argyll Passages from Past II. 360 He took young Seckendorff for the Prince of Wurtemberg, and went on ‘Royal Highnessing’ him.
2007 T. O'Connell Dumping Princes ix. 45 There were a number of royals at my school... But none of them got royal highness-ed like Indie.
royal household n. the body of officials and servants whose work supports a monarch in his or her duties and domestic affairs.
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1628 H. Burton Israels Fast 14 In this fast his Maiesty in his royall Person, & with his own family, and royal household, will giue an example to the rest of his people.
1780 E. Burke Speech Oeconomical Reformation 36 First..is the royal household. This establishment, in my opinion, is exceedingly abusive in its constitution.
1862 W. H. Ainsworth Constable of Tower 131 Know, ye incredulous bawsons, that I am now one of the royal household.
1964 Welsh Hist. Rev. 2 98 In simple terms prests were advances of expenses and wages paid to officers, squires, and other members of the royal household.
2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 13 Aug. 6/2 The Spanish royal household had been extremely reluctant to grant in-depth interviews to inquisitive academics.
royal icing n. a hard, smooth icing for cakes, the ingredients of which include egg whites.
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the world > food and drink > food > additive > garnish > [noun] > icing
royal icing1770
couverture1935
pastillage1935
rolled fondant1962
1770 Borella Court & Country Confectioner 233 Take the white of an egg on a plate, which you whip a little with a fork, then add some powdered sugar till it makes a paste, neither too thick nor two [sic] liquid, this is what we call royal icing.
1845 E. Acton Mod. Cookery xvi. 423 (heading) Tourte meringuée, or, tart with royal icing.
1974 Times 13 Nov. 12/5 Royal icing or glacé icing must be made with proper icing sugar.
2005 Philadelphia Sept. (Special Advertising section) 220/3 Decorate your cake with traditional royal icing, fondant icing or chocolate to match the color scheme of the wedding party or flowers.
Royal Institution n. the Royal Institution of Great Britain, an organization founded in 1799 for the diffusion of scientific knowledge.
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1799 (title) Sketch of a Prospectus of the Royal Institution of Great Britain.]
1800 Prospectus, Charter, Ordinances & Bye-laws, of Royal Inst. of Great Brit. 7 The two chief purposes of the Royal Institution, being the speedy and general diffusion of knowledge of all new and useful improvements..; and teaching the application of scientific discoveries.
1910 Times 10 Jan. 2/6 In the sixth and last of his course of Christmas lectures, delivered at the Royal Institution on Saturday afternoon, Mr. W. Duddell discussed electric lighting.
2005 P. Day Nature Not Mocked iv. 89 The character of the Royal Institution has evolved greatly since 1799.
royal jelly n. Bee-keeping a substance secreted by honeybee workers and fed by them to larvae, esp. to those being raised as potential queens.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > royal jelly
royal jelly1806
1806 J. G. Dalyell tr. F. Huber New Observ. Nat. Hist. Bees v. 99 A great quantity of royal jelly is then prepared for feeding the larvae destined to replace her [sc. the queen].
1886 F. R. Cheshire Bees & Bee-keeping I. vi. 82 In the case of the queen larva..that secretion, commonly, though, as I hold, erroneously, called royal jelly, is added unstintingly.
1947 A. D. Imms Outl. Entomol. (ed. 3) iv. 153 The young larvae are first nourished upon so-called ‘royal jelly’ that is produced by the pharyngeal glands of worker bees.
2004 G. McKeith You are what you Eat ix. 206/1 Royal jelly contains an antibiotic almost a quarter as active as penicillin, but without the side effects.
Royal Mail n. (a) (frequently with the) a coach or (occasionally) other vehicle used by the British General Post Office to carry letters, parcels, etc. (now historical); (b) (a proprietary name for) the national postal service of the United Kingdom; now also the name of the company which provides this service; cf. post office n. 1.
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society > communication > correspondence > postal services > [noun]
pauchle1608
postage1650
mail1654
Royal Mail?1780
snail mail1929
society > communication > correspondence > postal services > person or vehicle that carries letters or mail > [noun] > vehicle or vessel > road vehicle
post-caroche1627
post-coach1636
post calash1703
post-carriage1720
post-stage1738
mail-cart1767
Royal Mail?1780
mail coach1785
mail stage1792
mail carriage1810
post-equipage1813
post vehicle1815
mail wagon1821
post-cart1826
mail-van1909
mail truck1921
postbus1957
?1780 Chester Directory & Guide 36 The royal mail to Holyhead, in sixteen hours, every morning, carrying four insides.
1827 E. Mackenzie Descr. & Hist. Acct. Newcastle I. 722 The Royal Mail Coach commenced running to London and Edinburgh from Newcastle in November, 1786.
1845 Knickerbocker May 437 I do believe you would have thrown him under the wheel if I had not stood between; and what a scandal that would have been to His Majesty's Royal Mail!
1883 Cent. Mag. Nov. 160/1 One of the ships of the Royal Mail cuts down a large three-master!
1907 ‘Q’ Poison Island i. 8 The Royal Mail pulled up before Minden Cottage with a merry clash of bits and swingle-bars.
2000 Times 19 Dec. 5/1 The Royal Mail is expected to deliver a record 2.5 billion items by Christmas despite the disruption to services.
Royal Majesty n. see majesty n. 2.
Royal Marine n. (also with lower-case intials) a member of the body of marines forming part of the British Royal Navy; chiefly in plural; cf. marine n. 2b.
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society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > marines
maritime regiment1668
marine1672
marine regiment1690
Marine Corps1798
Royal Marine1802
royals1826
RM1827
amphibe1831
1802 Monthly Mirror May 365 In consideration of the very meritorious services of the marines during the late War, the corps shall in future be styled the royal marines.
1861 Times 23 Aug. 10/5 A private of the Royal Marines..was acting as a marker at the targets.
1951 W. Lewis Rotting Hill v. 164 Whenever she turned she turned abruptly at right-angles with the precision of a Royal Marine.
2003 Navy News Sept. 8/1 Both 24-hour individual ration packs and group-feeding ten-man packs are used by the Army, Royal Marines and RAF.
royal mast n. Nautical a mast fixed on top of a topgallant mast; also attributive in royal-mast-head; cf. fore-royal n. at fore- prefix 2a(d) and main-royal-mast at main adj.2 Compounds 1.
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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > spar > [noun] > mast > mast above topgallant mast
royal mast1782
royal pole1834
royal1937
1782 J. Trumbull M'Fingal iii. sig. G Sudden met his angry eye, A pole, ascending thro' the sky, Which num'rous throngs of Whiggish race Were raising in the market-place; Not higher school-boys kites aspire, Or royal mast or country spire.
1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions II. 197 It is usual to take down royal masts.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast ii. 14 I took my bucket of grease and climbed up to the royal-mast-head.
1930 Sea Breezes 86 Does anybody know if the Prince Oscar had fidded royal masts when she first came out?
2002 D. Lundy Way of Ship (2003) ii. 62 Looking past the Beara Head 's pitching bowsprit, he felt taut and elated, trembling as if he was up aloft again, clinging to the royal mast.
Royal Maundy n. see Maundy n. 1a and 1c.
royal merchant n. now historical a merchant who either conducts business with or is likened in some way to royalty, esp. in being very wealthy, enjoying high status in society, or in controlling large territories.
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1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 237 How doth that royall Merchant good Anthonio?
1630 P. Massinger Renegado ii. iv. sig. D4v Like a Royall Marchant to returne Your great magnificence.
1717 J. Cary Ess. towards regulating Trade Ep. Ded. sig. A2v Solomon, long before Him, became a Royal Merchant, and thereby exceeded all the Kings of Earth in Riches.
1772 Brit. Mag. & Gen. Rev. Jan. 22/1 Much to the honour of this royal merchant [sc. Sir Thomas Gresham],..he not only discharged the debt, but raised the exchange, in favour of England, more than four per cent.
1832 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 509/1 Matthew Grimaldi and Franchus Grimaldi, two royal merchants of Genoa, were in England about the year 1400.
1990 F. Mauro in J. D. Tracy Rise of Merchant Empires viii. 275 International merchants in these societies did not have a complete monopoly on the economic exchanges. Besides the princes (through the mediation of the so-called royal merchants), the clerical classes also had some power in this realm.
royal mine n. (also mine royal) Law (in England and Wales) any gold or silver mine, esp. one yielding more than will cover the cost of working.All such mines are liable to be claimed as the property of the Crown, under the provisions of 1 William & Mary c. 30, s. 4 (1688) and 5 & 6 William & Mary c. 6 (1693).
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?1568 in J. Pettus Fodinæ Regales (1670) 54 The Governours, Assistants, and Commonalty for the Mines Royal.
1631 Patent Connecticut in R. R. Hinman Lett. Eng. Kings (1836) 14 Robert, Earl of Warwick,..doth give..all mines, mineralls, as well royall mines of gold and silver, as other mines and mineralls [etc.].
1670 J. Pettus Fodinæ Regales 9 Where the Oar digged from any Mine doth yield..so much Gold or Silver,..then it is called rich Oar or a Mine Royal.
1760 T. Birch Life Henry Prince of Wales 36 He..discovered an alum-mine near Gisburgh in Yorkshire, where he had an estate; but, it being adjudged to be a mine-royal, little benefit arrose from it to him or his family.
1856 W. Bainbridge Law Mines (ed. 2) iii. 49 If the gold or silver countervail the charge of refining it, or be of more worth than the base metal spent in refining it, this is a mine royal.
1932 J. U. Nef Rise Brit. Coal Industry I. 268 The dissenting judges persuaded their colleagues to reopen the general question of what proportion of precious metal should constitute a mine royal.
1999 R. L. Aston Legal, Engin. & Social Perspectives Surface Mining Law ii. ii. 31 The argument that if any gold or silver were present, it was sufficient to be a ‘royal’ mine.
royal mortar n. Military a type of small mortar; cf. sense B. 5.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > large or long pieces
serpentinec1450
culverin1515
headstick1516
slang1521
sling1547
basilisk1549
basilc1565
Roaring Meg1575
serpitanta1578
whole culverin1577
cannon1587
whole-cannon1589
cannon pedro1625
royal mortar1761
Long Tom1812
serpent1830
twelve-incher1909
Big Bertha1914
big boy1917
Lizzie1925
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > mortar
potgun?1470
mortar1547
mortar-piece1570
pot-piecea1578
bomb1684
coehorn1705
royal1743
royal mortar1867
mortar gun1997
1761 Universal Mag. July 34/2 On the 15th the Royal battery was opened, which, by eight o'clock in the morning, silenced the fire of the enemy, and gave us an opportunity of beginning a trench, to contain our Royal mortars, and three guns.
1814 New Monthly Mag. Aug. 5/2 To prevent a recurrence, it will be necessary to send a royal mortar and a six-pounder, for the advantage of speedy assistance in certain cases.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 583 Royal Mortar, a brass one of 5½ inches diameter of bore, and 150 lbs. weight, throwing a 24-pounder shell up to 600 yards.
1911 A. J. Baughman Hist. Seneca County, Ohio I. xi. 268 On the four corners of the first base of the monument appear royal mortars carved out of the solid granite base.
2003 C. Henry Brit. Napoleonic Artillery II. 13 Smaller bronze mortars were widely used in siege work and the two smallest, the Coehorn and Royal mortars of 4½ inches and 5½ inches, were generally used in large groups.
Royal Naval Reserve n. the volunteer auxiliary force of the Royal Navy; abbreviated R.N.R.
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society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > [noun] > the British navy > reserve branch
RNR1862
Royal Naval Reserve1863
RNVR1903
Wavy Navy1918
1863 A. Young Naut. Dict. (ed. 2) 16 Royal Naval Reserve, an establishment of volunteers, consisting of able merchant seamen who..agree to serve on board of ships of war in case of need.
1876 G. D. Ham Revenue Vade-mecum 392 Her Majesty may accept offers of persons recommended by the Admiralty to serve as officers of the Royal Naval Reserve.
1965 Times 9 Aug. 6/6 The 10th Minesweeping Squadron, manned by men of the Royal Naval Reserve.
2001 Navy News Sept. 39/3 London Area cadets who spent a day learning the art of Naval communications at HMS President, London Division Royal Naval Reserve.
Royal Navy n. (also †Navy Royal) the navy of the United Kingdom, and its predecessors; cf. the navy royal at navy n. 3a.
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society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > [noun] > the British navy
the king's (also queen's) navya1382
Royal Navy1583
the navy royal1601
the fleet1712
RN?1791
the senior service1899
silent service1904
1583 G. Peckham True Rep. Newfound Landes iv. sig. E.iv The greatest Iewell of this Realme..is the multitude of Shippes, Maisters and Marriners, ready to assist the moste stately & royall Nauie of her Maiestie.
1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions p. xviii Timber sufficient for the use of the Navy Royal had now been in a forward way to its sufficient growth.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Midshipman In merchant-ships, or in the royal navy.
1843 Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 2 69 The comparatively recent introduction of direct-action steam-engines on board the steam-vessels of the Royal Navy.
1903 Westm. Gaz. 8 Jan. 7/2 A stoker in the Royal Navy, who has been black-listed for several weeks as a deserter.
2003 Navy News Sept. 4/2 Hunter-killer submarine HMS Splendid has sailed from her home at Faslane for the last time after 22 years service in the Royal Navy.
royal pardon n. a pardon granted by or on behalf of a monarch.
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1595 R. Parry Moderatus xi. sig. O3v I craue thy Highnes royall pardon for this mine enterprise.
1701 J. Barry Help to Prayer 15 Certain it is..that as without the King's Royal Pardon, the former will (notwithstanding all his outward excellencies) be hang'd.
1834 Times 30 July The convict..was then examined, after he had received and put into his pocket the royal pardon.
1998 Los Angeles Times (Electronic ed.) 31 Dec. 1 Pol Pot's top deputy..defected to the government and in 1996 received a royal pardon from a death sentence for his role in the genocide.
royal patronage n. patronage provided by a member of a royal family.
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1604 G. Downame Lect. XV Psalme Ep. Ded. sig. Aiii My labours..are in no other respect worthie of your royall patronage, but that they haue bene imployed in the explanation of an excellent Psalme of the royall Prophet Dauid.
1745 London Evening-Post 12 Sept. We intirely rely on your Royal Patronage and Protection, to secure to these Kingdoms the perpetual Enjoyment of this invaluable Acquisition.
1814 J. Wallis London 348 Queen Philippa, wife of Edward III was a great benefactress to this hospital: to this day it remains under royal patronage.
1919 I. B. Richman Spanish Conquerors 26 Coming to realize that the affair was one to be accomplished successfully only under royal patronage, the Duke applied to the sovereigns.
2010 West Australian (Perth) (Nexis) 5 Mar. 36 Queen Victoria became patron of the home and it has remained under royal patronage since.
royal peculiar n. see peculiar n. 1a.
royal pendulum n. Clockmaking (now chiefly historical) a pendulum having a period of one second, given by a length of 39.14 in (99.42 cm).Such pendulums were used from the late 1660s in English long-case clocks, much improving the timekeeping over earlier, shorter pendulums.
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1694 J. Smith Horol. Disquis. 4 The Vibrations of this Pendulum of Mr Clement's contrivance is so very exact and steady, that..it shall..keep so equal a Time, that no Human Art can discover the least considerable Difference in any of its Revolutions, an excellence to which no other known Motion can as yet pretend, and for which I think it will not be improper now, at last, to call it the Royal Pendulum.
1764 B. Martin New & Comprehensive Syst. Math. Inst. II. 379 By this Means, the usual Time the Clock will go, is 8 Days in those called Royal Pendulum.
1852 C. Tomlinson Cycl. Useful Arts (1854) II. 23/2 The most important invention of this period was the anchor escapement... The seconds pendulum with this escapement was called the royal pendulum.
1910 W. A. Dyer Lure of Antique 123 The long or royal pendulum is supposed to have been invented by Richard Harris in 1641, but it was not used for these chamber clocks until 1680.
2005 A. Chapman England's Leonardo 85 These clocks incorporated Hooke's anchor escapement in conjunction with the ‘Royal Pendulum’, which was a pendulum 39.25 inches long.
royal pole n. Nautical = royal mast n.
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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > spar > [noun] > mast > mast above topgallant mast
royal mast1782
royal pole1834
royal1937
1834 C. Martelli Naval Officer's Guide 232 An eye is formed.., large enough to take the royal halliards or yard rope, after being rove through the sheave in the royal pole.
1899 F. T. Bullen Log of Sea-waif 192 Like all American-built ships, we carried very long ‘royal poles’, or bare tapering extensions of the masts above the highest part of the rigging.
1973 P. O'Brian H.M.S. Surprise vii. 199 He looked up at the royal pole, rising bare into the unclouded sky.
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1724 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) Royal Poverty, a Modern Nick-name for the Liquor call'd Geneva or Genevre, because when Beggars are drunk they are as great as Kings.
1822 R. Carr Blighted Ambition 102 The rabble will never rouze when aught is doing that brings not Royal Poverty with it.
1919 H. W. Wiley Beverages & their Adulteration xiii. 375 In England the drink was known as Royal Poverty.
royal prerogative n. see prerogative n. 2a.
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1821 S. F. Gray Suppl. Pharmacopœia (new ed.) 318 White wash. Royal preventive. Aqua lithargyri acetati composita.
1873 A. J. Cooley Instr. & Cautions Perfumes 733 (‘White Lotion’; ‘Royal Preventive’.) The quack lotions or washes vended under these names, consist of distilled water, to every pint of which 1 ounce each of solution of diacetate of lead..and rectified spirit have been added.
royal proclamation n. a formal notice issued by a sovereign; esp. one by which the British sovereign exercises certain prerogative and legislative powers, such as the dissolution of Parliament or the declaration of war.
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1605 T. Hutton Reasons for Refusal 40 As their punishment inflicted witnesseth, & the kings highnes roial proclamation hath published to the world.
1730 Read's Weekly Jrnl. 14 Nov. A Royal Proclamation, with a great Reward, for discovering the Villains..will be issued.
1874 North-China Herald 15 Jan. 46/3 No one denies that both Royal Proclamations and Orders in Council must be within the powers conferred.
1998 Straits Times (Singapore) (Nexis) 11 Aug. This was preceded by the reading of a royal proclamation in which the Sultan declared his son as the ‘rightful heir and successor’.
2013 Evening Chron. (Newcastle) (Nexis) 14 Mar. a44 By royal proclamation James titled himself King of Great Britain.
royal purple n. and adj. (a) n. a purple colour associated with royalty (cf. purple adj. 1a); (b) adj. of this colour; also figurative.
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > purple or purpleness > [noun] > deep purple
royal purple1605
imperial purple1750
Parma violet1822
Modena1879
prelate purple1881
pontiff purple1900
violette de Parme1904
1605 A. Munday tr. G. Affinati Dumbe Divine Speaker 21 Albeit he was no King, yet notwithstanding he wore royall purple and riche silkes.
1661 A. Cowley Vision Cromwell 77 And seventy times in nearest bloud he dy'd..his Royal Purple Pride.
1787 Walker's Hibernian Mag. Feb. 78/2 The body and robe were made of royal purple satin, on a white satin coat.
1881 C. C. Harrison Woman's Handiwork Mod. Homes i. 61 The cushion-cover..has a ground of royal purple velvet.
1956 G. Durrell My Family & Other Animals 18 The endless, meticulous curves of the sea flamed for an instant and then changed to a deep royal purple flecked with green.
2006 Get Creative Apr. 21/3 Think of purple... There is royal purple, violet, lavender, red purple—there's one in there that will suit you.
royal refugee n. U.S. (now historical and rare) a loyalist who sought protection under the British Crown during the American War of Independence.
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1778 Massachusetts Spy 15 Oct. 2/3 All the Royal Refugees in this city are desired to meet at a certain time and place.
1848 R. Bolton Hist. County Westchester II. 333 The residence..is distinguished in the history of the Revolution as the head quarters of Colonel James de Lancey of the Royal Refugee corps.
1985 Pennsylvania Mag. Hist. & Biogr. 109 345 Bulla..was convicted of being an accessory after the fact in the crimes of Aaron Doan, one of the ‘Royal Refugees’ in the Revolution.
royal road n. [ < royal adj. + road n., after a saying attributed to Euclid by Proclus ( Comm. on Euclid 68): μὴ εἶναι βασιλικὴν ἀτραπὸν ἐπὶ γεωμετρίαν there is no royal short cut to geometry] a smooth or easy way to learning; a way of attaining knowledge, understanding, or some other goal without trouble.
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society > education > teaching > [noun] > other methods of teaching
demonstration1742
bear-leading1766
royal road1793
tachydidaxy1846
object teaching1851
object system1862
methodic1864
community education1873
methodics1883
maieutics1885
type-system1901
direct method1904
spoon-feeding1905
play method1914
playway1914
project method1916
active learning1919
study skills1924
skit1926
free activity1929
hypnopaedia1932
sleep-teaching1932
chalk and talk1937
show-and-tell1941
demo1945
naming of (the) parts1946
team teaching1949
teleteaching1953
programming1954
audio-lingualism1961
immersion1965
dem1968
open learning1970
suggestopaedia1970
suggestopedy1970
distance learning1972
fast-tracking1972
paideia1982
tutorial1984
m-learning2001
the world > action or operation > easiness > [noun] > that which is easy > easy way or method
primrose path1604
primrose waya1616
line of least resistance1746
plain sailing1756
royal road1793
plane sailing1850
pipe course1923
1793 T. Beddoes Observ. Nature Demonstrative Evid. 59 In this science there is no transcendental road; but I imagine a royal road might be struck out.
1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne ii. 27 Dionysius and Frederick both experienced, that there is no royal road to the genuine honours of literature.
1810 G. Crabbe Borough xxiv. 330 Learning is Labour,..Nor must we hope to find the Royal Road.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 453 There is no royal road to recovery for stutterers.
1954 ‘N. Shute’ Slide Rule vii. 158 There is no royal road to risk capital, no tap that can be turned on.
1966 P. Green tr. R. Escarpit Novel Computer xiv. 173 I had to obtain that last official stamp of approval which could open up the royal road towards an easy and fruitful career.
2002 Dalesman Jan. 70/1 It would seem more likely to prove a royal road to contracting tetanus.
royal sail n. Nautical a small sail hoisted above the topgallant sail; cf. royal mast n.
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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun] > royal sail(s)
topgallant royals1514
top-royal?a1535
royal sail1660
royal1769
1660 J. Couch in A. M. Broadley Royal Miracle 220 Thy Oaky Ribs swell not the Forests Pride Nor canst thou boast of th'Ankers by thy side, Nor Royal sails.
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 166 Flying of Sails, setting them in a loose manner; as royal sails without lifts.
1858 Mercantile Marine Mag. 5 354 Royal and top-gallant sails in.
1999 H. Janin Indo-China Opium Trade in Nineteenth Cent. 8 A moon-sail could be set above the royal sail when the ship was ghosting along.
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1781 G. Parker View Society & Manners II. 36 Royal Scamp is the term appropriated to those Highwaymen who rob without using ill.
1796 Grose's Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (ed. 3) Royal Scamps, highwaymen who never rob any but rich persons, and that without ill-treating them.
1822 Sporting Mag. June 144/1 Capt. Dudley, an eminent gentlemen of the road, royal scamp, or in common parlance, a highwayman.
Royal Scot n. now chiefly historical (the name of) a daily express train service between London Euston and Glasgow Central; (also) a class of LMS steam locomotive originally designed for this service.The first locomotive of the class was named Royal Scot.
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society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > steam locomotive > specific class of steam locomotive
Mikado1903
Royal Scot1927
Mike1942
Spam can1967
society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train > passenger train > express or non-stop > specific
Flying Dutchman1813
Scotsman1871
Flying Scotchman1872
Orient Express1883
Twentieth Century1902
Royal Scot1927
Rheingold1928
Red Arrow1934
trans-Siberian1939
TEE1963
1927 Manch. Guardian 14 June 5 The ten o'clock morning express, London (Euston) to Edinburgh and Glasgow, and the corresponding 10 a.m. Glasgow (Central) and Edinburgh (Princes Street) to London, will be known as the Royal Scot.
1933 Triumph of Royal Scot 16 LMS Number 6100 Royal Scot, the first of 50 locomotives of the Royal Scot class to be constructed in 1927.
1953 Manch. Guardian 15 Aug. 3/3 Good fortune and the fact that all the coaches were of the new all-steel type reduced casualties when the Royal Scot was derailed near Abington last Saturday.
1995 N. Whittaker Platform Souls (1996) iii. 34 We did get to see one of the last Royal Scots (46128 The Lovat Scouts), and stood alongside as it took over a Carlisle express.
1999 H. W. Johnson Holding Center iii. 60 I caught the Royal Scot..and arrived at Glasgow station on a foggy and damp October morning.
Royal Society n. (the name of) a British learned society for the pursuit and advancement of the natural sciences.The germ of the Society was a discussion held on 28 November 1660 after a lecture at Gresham College, London, by Sir Christopher Wren, when it was agreed to set up ‘a College for the promoting of Physico-Mathematical Experimental Learning’. The Society received its first royal charter from Charles II in 1662 as ‘The Royal Society’ (Latin Regalis Societas); a second charter in 1663 referred to it under the name ‘The Royal Society of London for promoting Natural Knowledge’ (Latin Regalis Societas Londini pro Scientia naturali promovenda), now rendered in its legal title as The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge.
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the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > learned person, scholar > [noun] > learned association > the Royal Society
Royal Society1664
societarian1751
royal1951
1661 A. Cowley Proposition Advancem. Exper. Philos. Pref. It is humbly proposed to his Sacred Majesty..and to all such of his Subjects as are willing and able to contribute any thing towards the advancement of real and useful Learning, that by their Authority, Encouragement, Patronage, and Bounty, a Philosophical Colledge may be erected, after this ensuing, or some such like Model... That the Philosophical Colledge be scituated within one, two, or (at farthest) three miles of London, [etc.].]
1664 J. Evelyn Pomona Pref. 1 in Sylva From the well-furnish'd Registers, and Cimelia of the Royal Society.
1671 J. Glanvill Further Discov. Stubbe 11 A malevolent, envious humour against the Royal Society, and its Friends.
1766 Philos. Trans. 1765 (Royal Soc.) 55 45 (heading) An account of the White Negro shewn before the Royal Society.
1824 Lancet 11 Jan. 53/2 Other societies, particularly the Royal Society, allow accounts of their proceedings to be published.
1860 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem (1861) III. 95 The Royal Society might as well be invited to shut up shop, because Newton made huge discoveries.
1926 A. Huxley Let. 10 Aug. (1969) 272 Faraday..was at once a Sandemanian and a Fellow of the Royal Society.
2004 New Yorker 24 May 65/2 In 1872, the British government and the Royal Society launched the first major oceanic expedition.
royal stag n. (originally perhaps) a noble stag or one thought fit to be hunted by royalty; (in later use) spec. one with a head of ten or more points (see sense B. 3c).
ΚΠ
1642 J. Denham Cooper's Hill 14 Here have I seene our Charles, when great affaires. Give leave to slacken, and unbend his cares, Chacing the royall Stagge; the gallant beast.
1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 407 The Royal Stag..tosses high his beamy Head.
1858 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 483/1 At the crack of your rifle, he leaps into the air, and then falls mighty in the wilderness—a Royal Stag of Ten!
1908 Badminton Mag. Jan. 75 I was lucky enough in this my holiday of 1907 to kill a 27-stone ‘royal’ stag on our island, a lordly beast with a heavy 11-point head.
1988 R. Putman Nat. Hist. Deer viii. 157 In Scotland, a stag with ten points to his antlers becomes a ‘royal’ stag—originally ‘fit to be taken by royalty’—one with 12 points an ‘imperial’, and so on.
Royal Standard n. a flag used by the monarch and members of the royal family.Historically (chiefly in Britain) the royal standard was a long, tapering heraldic flag displayed in battle or in ceremonial contexts. The flags now known as Royal Standards in the United Kingdom are rectangular in shape, and are flown when the monarch or a member of the royal family is present.
ΚΠ
1581 T. Nicholas tr. A. de Zárate Discov. & Conquest Peru iv. xviii. f. 85 The right hande, had Alonso de Aluarado, who with his companie attended on the roiall Standarde [Sp. el estandarte real].
1627 M. Drayton Battaile Agincourt 35 In Warlike state the Royall Standard borne Before him, as in splendrous Armes he road.
2004 J. Fellowes Snobs (2005) xviii. 282 The Royal Standard announcing the monarch's presence in London hung limply against its staff.
Royal Stewart n. (also Royal Stuart) (more fully Royal Stewart tartan) a predominantly red tartan associated with the Stewart clan and the Royal House of Stuart.Also known as Royal tartan; other tartans associated with the house of Stewart include dress Stewart and hunting Stewart.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from wool > [noun] > tartan > types of
Royal Stewart1822
Victoria tartan1851
hunting tartan1855
1822 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 1 Nov. Caledonia plaid cloaks. Of superior quality, manufactured in Sterling, Scotland, of the most fashionable patterns, such as Rob Roy, or Red Macgregor, Duke of Gordon, Prince Charles, or Royal Stuart.
1842 J. S. Stuart in Vestiarum Scoticum Pl. III (caption) The Royal Stuart.
1855 A. Stanley Let. 8 Sept. (1927) iii. 74 The carpets are Royal Stewart Tartan and green Hunting Stewart [tartan].
1969 O. Hesky Sequin Syndicate x. 102 A kimono in the colours of the Royal Stuart hunting tartan.
1975 J. Scarlett Scotland's Clans & Tartans 94 The origin of the Royal Stewart tartan is unknown... There is no record of the Royal Stewart sett having borne that name before the nineteenth century—little that it even existed... General Stewart of Garth..stage-managed George IV's visit in 1822 and costumed him in ‘Royal Stewart’.
1992 P. Theroux Happy Isles Oceania xvi. 440 The household staff at his house Vailima wore a Royal Stuart tartan lava-lava—the nearest thing in Oceania to a kilt.
royal stitch n. Surgery historical an operation for the treatment of an inguinal hernia, involving the closure of the hernial sac, or of its neck, with sutures and intended to preserve the testis on the affected side.The name ‘royal’ was applied to this operation by Fabricius ab Aquapendente ( Opera Chirurgica (1620) I. lxxii. 290): qui sane curandi modus inculpatus, ac regius dici potest.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > abdominal operations > on hernia
royal stitch1750
herniotomy1811
celotomy1847
1710 tr. P. Dionis Course Chirurg. Operations iv. 185 The Inventor of this Operation stil'd it unblameable, because it preserves the Vessels and Testicule intire: He also calls it the Royal Operation, because that conserving the Parts, it leaves the Testicle at liberty to perform its Function, which is to furnish the King with Subjects.]
1750 S. Sharp Crit. Enq. Surg. i. 9 Some of the principal Means employed for this End were Castration, the Caustic, the Punctum Aureum, and the Royal-stitch.
1853 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 80 340 This method, because it did not destroy the virility of the patient, and would not consequently deprive him of the power of increasing the king's subjects, was called ‘the royal stitch’.
1900 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 29 Dec. 1858/1 For a suitable case of reducible hernia Cooper would not wholly condemn the ‘royal stitch’, that is, the simple ligature of the sac through a two-inch incision.
1964 K. L. Pickrell in J. M. Converse Reconstructive Plastic Surg. V. lxiv. 1944/1 This was later referred to as the ‘golden stitch’ or ‘royal stitch’.
royal straight n. Poker (more fully royal straight flush) = royal flush n.; also figurative.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > poker > [noun] > type of hand > combinations of cards
triplet1864
royal flush1868
bobtailed flush1873
bobtail flush1875
skip1880
royal straight1883
four flush1887
skip straight1887
inside straight1934
1883 Puck (N.Y.) 14 Mar. 27/1 The hand of destiny—a royal straight flush.
1895 W. Stevens Let. 4 Aug. (1967) 7 Girls charming lots of money but am always open to engagements in finance where I hold a royal straight.
1907 J. C. Harris in Uncle Remus's Mag. Oct. 28/3 The hand I've dealt to you is known as a royal straight flush, an' it sweeps ever' thing before it.
1962 R. Cook Crust on its Uppers iii. 41 He hasn't made royal straight.
2008 A. Z. Kronzek 52 Ways to cheat at Poker vi. 17 To be sure, the cheat rarely culls a royal straight flush; it's way too obvious and the stuff of poker movies.
royal suture n. [ < royal adj. + suture n., perhaps after French suture royale (1751 in a translation of the source of quot. 1750 for royal stitch n.)] Surgery historical = royal stitch n.
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1756 P. Pott Treat. Ruptures 201 The punctum aureum and the royal suture frequently proved destructive of the testicle, even in the most judicious hands.
1846 F. Brittan tr. J. F. Malgaigne Man. Operative Surg. 416 The royal suture. For this the sac was exposed entirely; it was then raised and sewn up by a suture.
1970 J. Gaster Hernia ii. 17 During the Middle Ages a frequent operation was the application of the ‘Royal Suture or Stitch’.
royal tennis n. [ < royal adj. + tennis n., apparently as an alteration of earlier real tennis n. arising from folk-etymological identification of the first element of that compound as real adj.1] chiefly Australian = real tennis n.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > real tennis > [noun]
tennisc1400
real tennis1880
royal tennis1886
court tennis1911
1886 Argus (Melbourne) 2 Oct. 11/8 Royal tennis... The annual matches for the intercolonial championship of this game will begin in the last week of October.
1889 Centennial Mag. (Austral.) Feb. 510/2 Royal Tennis, played in a large inclosed court, is as superior to Lawn Tennis as ‘Norma’ is to the ‘Waterman’.
1912 G. Inglis Sport & Pastime Austral. xii. 175 Tennis—or Royal Tennis as it is often called in Australia—was first introduced into the Commonwealth by Mr. S. S. Travers about 1875.
1977 Times 19 Aug. 12/8 Playing royal tennis at Hampton Court.
1991 New Yorker 16 Sept. 61/1 They call their sport court tennis in the United States, royal tennis in Australia, jeu de paume in France, and, most emphatically, real tennis in Britain.
royal tine n. = sense B. 3b (cf. royal antler n. (a)).
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > body and parts > antler > main stem of
beam1575
royal1575
royal antler1728
hornbeam1861
royal tine1877
1877 J. D. Caton Antelope & Deer Amer. 213 Up to and including the royal-tine, usually both antlers are very much alike.
1882 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Bengal 1 ii. 44 Further up the beam is a third snag..; this snag..I take to be analogous to the royal tine.
1911 Encycl. Sport & Games (new ed.) I. 240/1 The apparent beam above the tres is the ‘royal tine’.
1991 Petersen's Bowhunting Dec. 30/2 The bull's royal tines measured 22 and 21 inches long, and the 50-inch main beams had six even tines per side.
royal warrant n. a warrant issued by or under the authority of a monarch, spec. one authorizing a company to be the supplier of a category of goods to a particular member of the British royal family.
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1636 Canons & Constit. Church of Scotl. (title page) Ratified and approved by his Majesties royall warrand.
1752 Scots Mag. Apr. 189/2 A power and authority to require payment of a sum..in virtue of a royal warrant issued by his Highness for that effect.
1835 Times 15 Aug. 3/1 (advt.) Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Kent and the Princess Victoria having been most graciously pleased to appoint, by royal warrant, Mr. J. Calvert their Bowyer and Fletcher, [etc.].
1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 354/1 Royal warrants, where the army is concerned, relate to all matters touching the soldier.
1916 London Gaz. 5 Apr. 3647/1 Royal Warrant instituting a new medal entitled ‘The Military Medal’.
1962 Guardian 2 Dec. 12/1 A list of Royal Warrant holders..shows that only two firms are now permitted to style themselves ‘By Appointment to the late Queen Alexandra’.
2006 Daily Tel. 4 Jan. 10/1 Musk's, which holds a Royal warrant, claims to produce the original Newmarket sausage.
royal we n. the pronoun ‘we’ used in place of ‘I’ by a monarch or other person in power, esp. in formal declarations, or (frequently humorously) by any individual; cf. we pron. 2a.
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the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > pronoun > [noun] > personal pronoun > specific
thouc1400
yec1400
you1655
thee1657
royal we1821
1821 London Lit. Gaz. 28 July 470/1 The first use of the royal we by Buonaparte was in the appointment of his brother-in-law, Leclerc, to St. Domingo, in autumn 1801.
1870 E. C. Brewer Dict. Phrase & Fable 947/1 Coke, in the ‘Institutes’, says the first king that wrote we in his grants was king John. All the kings before him wrote ego (I). This is not correct, as Richard Lion-heart adopted the royal we.
1960 J. Rae Custard Boys ii. xv. 175 ‘In the absence of the accused we will continue with the trial.’.. He used the royal ‘we’, but he spoke for us all.
1990 R. Hodge Lit. as Discourse viii. 209 Kreon now uses the so-called ‘royal we’ (hemeis ), the plural signifying power and the transcendence of his individuality.
C2.
a. In the names of birds and other animals, usually because they are considered to be magnificent in some way. Cf. sense A. 6b.Frequently representing the scientific Latin specific name regius or regalis.
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1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 14 For this blacke Eagle is lesse than the Eagle royall, which is the yellow and tawnie Eagle, and the blacke Eagle doth as muche differ from the yellowe Eagle, as the blacke Mylion doth from the Mylion Royall.
1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 344 Two varieties of very curious English Moths, which for their Beauty and Spots are call'd Royal Leopards.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Papan, in natural history, the name given by the inhabitants of the Philippine islands, to a species of duck... Called by Father Camelli anas regia or the royal duck.
1781 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds I. 200 Royal [Monkey]. A variety of a ferruginous or reddish bay color, which the Indians call the king of the monkies.
1787 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds Suppl. II. 349 Royal Duck.
1792 G. Shaw Musei Leveriani 167 The Royal Cuckow (Cuculus regius).
1802 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. III. ii. 347 Royal Boa, Boa Regia.
1811 J. Pinkerton Mod. Geogr. (ed. 3) 701 The brilliant plumes of the royal goose do not save it from destruction, the flesh being exquisite.
1812 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. i. 124 Royal Tody, Todus regius.
1815 E. J. Burrow Elements Conchol. 196 Ostrea, Pallium, Royal Mantle.
1832 J. Rennie Conspectus Butterflies & Moths Brit. 122 The Royal Mantle..appears in July.
1906 Daily Chron. 15 Oct. 6/2 The steam trawler Herbert Ingram has landed at Boston a Royal sturgeon, which weighed 20 st.
1999 L. Jermyn Uruguay (2002) 12 Some of the birds that live in the wetlands are the royal duck, black-necked swan, creole duck, and various types of wild geese.
b. † royal kite n. [compare French milian royal (first half of the 16th cent. in Middle French)] Obsolete the red kite, Milvus milvus.
royal albatross n. a very large albatross of the southern Pacific Ocean, Diomedea epomophora, nesting on certain islands off New Zealand.By some authors split into southern ( D. epomophora) and northern ( D. sanfordi) species.Quot. 1863 is an example of a non-specific use.
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1863 G. Hartwig Trop. World xxvii. 303 The royal albatross avoids the torrid zone.
1891 W. L. Buller in Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1890 23 232 There can be no doubt, however, that this royal Albatros is the one singled out for special mention in the following passage.
1938 Auckland Weekly News 21 Sept. 20 The arrival at the heads last year of ten Royal Albatross was regarded as an event of the first importance in local scientific circles.
1996 Holiday Which? Jan. 35/2 A boat trip..is highly recommended, as this is one of the few places in the world where the world's biggest sea bird, the royal albatross, can be seen nesting.
royal antelope n. a very small forest antelope of West Africa, Neotragus pygmaeus, with an arched back and a chiefly reddish or golden-brown coat.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > antelope > [noun] > subfamily Neotraginae > genus Neotragus
royal antelope1771
suni1899
1771 T. Pennant Synopsis Quadrupeds 28 Antelope... Royal, King of the harts... Not above nine inches long.
1872 Proc. Zool. Soc. 639 The type of the former I believe to have been a genuine specimen of the Royal Antelope.
1964 L. S. Crandall Managem. Wild Mammals in Captivity 675 The royal antelope..was represented in the Zoological Gardens of London in 1914.
1996 New Scientist 3 Feb. 52/1 Sudan..boasts the largest and smallest antelopes in Africa—that giant eland, which stands 2 metres at the shoulder, and the tiny royal antelope at 20 centimetres.
royal Bengal n. (in full royal Bengal tiger) a tiger of the most numerous subspecies, Panthera tigris tigris, found in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan; cf. royal tiger n.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > [noun] > genus Panthera > panthera tigris (tiger) > varieties of
royal tiger1768
Sumatran tiger1815
royal Bengal1871
Siberian tiger1895
Manchurian tiger1899
Amur tiger1964
1798 Sporting Mag. Nov. 89/1 At a shew now exhibiting at Sheffield, a Royal Bengal tiger broke loose.
1871 E. G. E. Ward Jrnl. 3 June in D. P. Carew Many Years, Many Girls (1967) i. 52 One lady..had arrayed herself in a complete suit of tiger-stripes..so that she looked like a Royal Bengal.
1964 R. Perry World of Tiger xv. 233 The..very rare Royal Bengal tiger is distinguished by unbroken black stripes.
2001 S. Montgomery Man-eating Tigers of Sundarbans 23 Royal Bengals' coats are usually reddish yellow to rust brown.
2005 M. S. Mis How to draw India's Sights & Symbols viii. 22 The Royal Bengal Tiger, Panthera tigris tigris, is the national animal of India.
royal eagle n. [compare Middle French, French aigle royal (early 16th cent.)] the golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos. The royal eagle appears for a time to have been thought a distinct kind (cf. quot. 1575).In quot. 2000 apparently translating the French name.
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the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > eagles > genus Aquila > aquila chrysaetos (golden eagle)
royal eaglec1425
golden eagle1676
mountain eagle1802
war-bird1836
war-eagle1855
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 5937 (MED) Þer cam anon doun oute of þe ayre A royal egle ful percinge of his loke.
1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 14 The Eagle royall, which is the yellow and tawnie Eagle,..doth as muche differ from the yellowe Eagle, as the blacke Mylion doth from the Mylion Royall.]
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xi. 232 The Royal Eagle, is of colour reddish, and is called in Greek Gnesios, it is of a midle bigness to the other Eagles.
1859 S. G. Goodrich Illustr. Nat. Hist. Animal Kingdom II. 40 The Royal Eagle or Golden Eagle, A. chrysatos or A. fulvus, the Common Eagle of Europe, may be taken as the type of the genus.
1930 Hispania 13 526 I picture Bolívar..as a royal eagle soaring through space to a pinnacle of glory.
2000 Guardian 1 Mar. i. 25/5 A royal eagle (aquila chrysaetus [sic])—one of the resident four pairs—glides above abandoned Valpreveyre.
royal gramma n. [ < royal adj. + scientific Latin Gramma, genus name (F. Poey 1868, in Repertorio Fisico-Natural Cuba 2 296; < ancient Greek γράμμα written mark (see grammar n.), after prominent black markings on the fish)] a small bright purple and yellow basslet (fish), Gramma loreto (family Grammatidae), found in the tropical West Atlantic and Caribbean, and popular in tropical marine aquaria; also called fairy basslet.
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1954 E. L. Fisher Marine Tropicals 30 Some of marineland's richest and most brilliant colors are displayed by a grouper which I will call the Royal Gramma.
1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes xv. 252/2 Family Grammatidae..also includes the neon-colored royal gramma that lives under ledges in the Caribbean.
2009 Washington Post (Nexis) 3 Mar. b3 The names written on the tanks sounded like delicious, fruity drinks: purple tang, blue damsel, royal gramma.
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the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > kites > genus Milvus (kite)
gledec725
kitec725
pittelOE
puttockc1175
milan1484
pipe gledea1525
kite-wolf1607
pew-glede1615
red kite1792
royal kite1792
milvine1885
fork-tail1893
shite-hawk1944
1792 J. Leslie in tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Birds I. 152 The Royal Kite is in size and figure like the Buzzard.
1829 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom VI. 242 This species was formerly called the Royal Kite, because it contributed to the amusement of princes who were wont to send the hawk to attack and vanquish it.
1857 M. Reid Young Yägers xxxviii. 340 The ‘parasite kite’, (Milvus ater), an inhabitant of all parts of the continent of Africa, and a bird somewhat smaller than the royal kite of Europe.
1906 J. E. Harting Recreations of Naturalist 405 The Royal Kite or Fork-tailed Glead, as it was locally called, was one of the commonest birds in this country.
royal moth n. any of various large saturniid moths constituting the American subfamily Citheroniinae, which includes the regal moth, Citheronia regalis (cf. royal walnut moth n.).Formerly placed in a separate family, Citheroniidae.
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1840 Descr. Catal. Physiol. Ser. Compar. Anat. Mus. Royal Coll. Surgeons V. 275 Species, Bombyx regalis, Royal Moth. No. 59.
1885 E. Douglas Queen of Hid Isle iii. i. 63 Rainbow-painted sails of royal moths.
1953 Sci. News Let. 28 Feb. 136/2 Upon metamorphosis, this caterpillar becomes the adult regal moth, largest of the royal moth family.
2001 G. C. McGavin Essent. Entomol. 254 The Saturniidae (atlas, emperor, and royal moths) are very large, heavy-bodied moths with very broad wings.
royal python n. a small python, Python regius, found in parts of Africa and popular as a pet, which is typically dark brown to black with a contrasting pattern of pale blotches on the back and sides; also called ball python.
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1861 New Amer. Cycl. XIII. 689/2 The royal python (P. Belii, Gray),..is a brightly marked species.
1876 Nature 14 Dec. 150/2 A Royal Python (Python regius)..from West Africa.
1955 G. Cansdale Reptiles W. Afr. ii. 22 The Royal Python seems to prefer small prey and it is likely that it feeds mostly on the small rodents of the grassland, especially on those known as gerbils.
1998 Nature 17 Sept. 213/3 This [monkey] climb is only half that managed by the royal python.
royal spoonbill n. a large Australasian spoonbill, Platalea regia, which is white with a black bill, face, and legs.
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1842 J. Gould Birds Austral. (1848) VI. Pl. 50 The Royal Spoonbill is tolerably common on the eastern and northern coast of Australia.
1906 Emu 5 188 It raises its head and shows the peculiar spoon-shaped black bill of the Royal Spoonbill (Platalea regia).
1952 Notornis 4 173 Dr. Falla reported having seen a pair of royal spoonbills in breeding plumage at the white heronry at Okarito.
2005 Wine Internat. Jan. (Austral. Life Suppl.) 28/1 Elevated boardwalks..offer access to birdwatchers interested in migratory wading birds such as..cormorants and royal spoonbills.
royal tern n. a large orange-billed tern, Thalasseus maximus (also called Sterna maxima), which frequents the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North and South America, and the coast of West Africa.
ΚΠ
1858 Rep. Explor. & Surv. Route for Railroad Mississippi River to Pacific Ocean IX. (U.S. War Dept.) p. liii Sterna regia... The Royal Tern. Atlantic coast of the southern and middle States, and California.
1925 Auk 42 317 The Royal Tern usually lays but one egg in this locality.
1960 H. S. Zim Guide to Everglades 30 Royal tern is a gull-like bird with a deeply-forked tail and orange bill.
2006 Bird Watching Aug. 70/1 A long-staying and a returning visitor was a Laughing Gull. Others have included..Bonaparte's Gull and Royal Tern.
royal tiger n. = royal Bengal n. [Probably after French tigre royal (1674 or earlier; now more commonly tigre du Bengale ; compare Bengal tiger n. at Bengal n. Compounds), itself after Portuguese †tigre real (although this is apparently first attested later: 1710 or earlier; now tigre de Bengala ). Compare German Königstiger (1784 or earlier), Dutch koningstijger (1823 or earlier), Spanish †tigre real (1780; now tigre de Bengala real ; compare royal Bengal tiger).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > [noun] > genus Panthera > panthera tigris (tiger) > varieties of
royal tiger1768
Sumatran tiger1815
royal Bengal1871
Siberian tiger1895
Manchurian tiger1899
Amur tiger1964
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 176 Going in quest whereof, one of our Soldiers, a Youth, killed a Tigre-Royal.]
1768 A. Dour in tr. 'Inayat Allah Tales I. i. 9 He for this purpose had previously informed himself of the haunt of a royal tiger.
1800 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. I. ii. 344 The largest are those of India, and are termed Royal Tigers.
1905 C. Whitney Jungle Trails vi. 132 I am expecting this year to have my first lion hunting experience, but the royal tiger has never given me so much the feeling of danger as has the elephant.
1998 Hist. Ireland 6 35/2 The new regiment's cap badge, a grenade with the royal tiger of Bengal on the bal, preserved the Indian connection.
royal walnut moth n. U.S. the regal moth, Citheronia regalis, the larvae of which feed chiefly on the leaves of trees of the walnut family (cf. royal walnut n. at Compounds 3a(b)).
ΚΠ
1861 New Amer. Cycl. XI. 774/1 One of the largest, rarest, and most magnificent [moths of the family Ceratocampadæ], is the royal walnut moth (ceratocampa regalis).
1919 E. R. Downing Source-bk. Biol. Nature-study 74 (caption) The hickory-horned devil, larva of the royal walnut moth (Citheronia regalis).
1972 L. A. Swan & C. S. Papp Common Insects N. Amer. xix. 270 Regal moth... Also known as hickory horned moth and royal walnut moth.
2006 Paducah (Kentucky) Sun (Nexis) 30 Aug. The big wiggler..[is] a hickory horned devil caterpillar, an immature form of the regal moth or royal walnut moth.
C3.
a.
(a) In the names of plants considered to be magnificent in some way, as royal bracken, royal comfrey, royal moonwort, royal satyrion, etc.Frequently representing the scientific Latin specific epithet regius or regalis.See also osmund royal n. at osmund n.2 Compounds, palmetto royal n. at palmetto n. Compounds 2, royal cumin n. at cumin n. 2, royal peacock flower at peacock flower n. 1, royal poinciana at poinciana n. (a).
ΚΠ
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 225 Royall Stander-grasse or Palma Christi.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 226 The royall Satyrions are found in certayne medowes and moyst woodes of England.
1614 G. Markham Table Hard Words in Cheape & Good Husb. sig. A5 Ameos, Comin royal, is a Herb of some called Bulwort, Bishops-weed, or Herb-william.
1706 G. London & H. Wise Retir'd Gard'ner II. v. iv. 520 The Royal Comfrey may likewise be sown in some Part of a Flower-Nursery, or even in Beds.
1776 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. Veg. Great Brit. II. 648 Moonwort..Royal.
1869 A. R. Wallace Malay Archipel. I. vii. 183 The rare and beautiful Royal Cowslip (Primula imperialis),..said to be found nowhere else in the world.
1913 N. L. Britton & A. Brown Illustr. Flora Northern U.S. (ed. 2) I. 7 Royal-bracken.
1952 Amer. Fern Jrnl. 42 147 Osmunda..Regalis... Royal Fern, Royal Moonwort, Royal Osmunda.
1972 Victoria (Texas) Advocate 2 Dec. 1 a/2 Some herbal reference books refer to a certain kind of chamomile, known as royal comfrey, for bringing ‘stillborn children from the womb’.
(b)
royal bay n. either of two laurels, (originally) Persea indica, of Portugal and the Canary Islands (also more fully royal bay-tree), and (in later use) the bay laurel, Laurus nobilis, native to the Mediterranean.
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1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. i. xxx. 452 Some there be that thinke this roiall Bay, is not a Lawrell, but a severall tree apart, as having longer and broader leaves than the rest of the ordinarie sort.
1783 D. Grimwood Catal. Greenhouse Plants 21 Laurus..indica... Portugal, or Royal Bay-tree.
1889 19th Cent. July 124 The verandah is shaded at one end by some glorious specimens of the Laurus Indica or royal bay, which attains the size of a well-grown forest tree.
2002 J. Reynolds Courtyards 225/2 Laurus nobilis... Bay, Grecian Laurel, Roman Laurel, Royal Bay.
royal catchfly n. a North American campion, Silene regia, with bright red flowers, found chiefly on dry ground in eastern areas.
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1831 G. Don Gen. Syst. Gardening & Bot. I. 413/1 S[ilene] regia... Royal Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug.
1882 Garden 28 Oct. 375/2 The Royal Catchfly,..also with scarlet flowers.
2003 Daily Herald (Chicago) 20 July iv. 4/3 Royal Catchfly (Silene regia): Exploding with star-shaped, barn-red flowers, this native blooms throughout hot summer months.
royal fern n. a large pale green fern, Osmunda regalis, which has very long spreading fronds with widely spaced oblong lobes, widespread in wet habitats; cf. osmund n.2
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the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > royal fern
everferneOE
ditch-fern14..
herb Christophera1450
osmund royal1548
osmund1578
Osmund the waterman1578
fern-osmund1614
stifling grass1692
osmunda1702
royal fern1781
bog onion1832
1781 S. Fullmer Young Gardener's Best Compan. 148 Osmunda—Flowering Fern—Royal Fern—Curled Stone Fern—Moonwort Fern—Spiked—Russian.
1860 E. J. Lowe Ferns VIII. 7 The Royal Fern, Osmund Royal, or Flowering Fern, is one of our handsomest British species.
1916 C. T. Simpson Ornamental Gardening in Florida 85 On the Floor of the swamp were masses of royal ferns (Osmunda spectabilis), which is distributed all over the eastern United States.
1994 Nat. Hist. Apr. 20/3 Filling the understory were shoulder-high clumps of royal fern and cinnamon fern.
royal palm n. (more fully royal palm tree) any of several palms of the American genus Roystonea, esp. R. regia, widely cultivated as an avenue tree.
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1769 J. Dicks New Gardener's Dict. Cabbage-Tree, a species of the Palma or Palm-tree. This is a most beautiful tree, and common in several parts of America. It is sometimes called the Royal Palm Tree, from its remarkable height.
1894 ‘M. O'Rell’ John Bull & Co. 30 The well-named royal palm that raises its tall, straight trunk high into the air.
1955 Times 24 Dec. 8/7 Between the Royal Palms, smooth like a colonnade of concrete columns, we saw the opalescent waters of the Gulf of Mexico.
2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees vii. 147 Best known and most magnificent among them [sc. bottle palms] is the royal palm, Roystonea, whose tall, pale-grey trunks are..topped by a huge shaggy crown of dark-green pinnate leaves.
royal walnut n. either of two walnut trees: (a) the common walnut, Juglans regia; (b) a cultivated hybrid of two North American trees, the black walnut, J. nigra, and the closely related J. californica; (also) the wood or nut of such a tree.
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1620 T. Venner Via Recta vii. 128 The great Royall Walnut doth for wholesomnesse in all respects far exceed the rest.
1796 C. Marshall Introd. Knowl. & Pract. Gardening xvii. 353 Walnut, there are several sorts of, as..the early oval thin shelled, and the common round, or royal walnut.
1906 Queensland Agric. Jrnl. 16 519 Mr. Burbank has developed a half-brother of the Paradox walnut, called the Royal walnut, which grows immense crops of large and sweet walnuts.
1970 E. Joyce Encycl. Furnit. Making ix. 113/1 Bold demarcations between sap and heartwood yield..the strong pattern of royal walnut.
2009 J. S. Smith Garden of Invention 322 A venerable Royal walnut tree, one of Burbank's original plantings, continues to shower down tons of nuts every year.
royal water-lily n. a South American water lily, Victoria amazonica, having very large leaves and white flowers.
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?1849 J. Law (title) The history of the Victoria Regia; or royal water lily, now growing at the Sheffield Botanic Gardens.
1895 Excursion in Trans. Royal Sc. Arboricultural Soc. 14 91 The Royal Water Lily, Victoria regia, was seen in all its queenly splendour; its immense round leaves resting on the surface of the water..like gigantic embossed bronze trays.
1998 Daily Tel. 25 May 30/3 His favourite is the astonishing royal water lily, victoria amazonica, whose pads grow nine feet across.
2002 Sunday Times (Nexis) 10 Mar. You can start a night-time canoe tour by watching the flowers of the royal water lily open like stars as the sun sets.
b.
(a) In the names of varieties of fruit and vegetables, as royal peach, royal russet, etc.
ΚΠ
1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. xciii.1268 Pyrum regale. The Peare royall.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 462 In June and July come on the Royal Bell-gards, or Fair Looks..: others are called Imperial Lettices from their size.
1781 G. White Jrnl. 5 Oct. (1970) xiv. 195 Gathered in the nonparels, & royal russets.
1817 Edinb. Encycl. (1830) XI. 202/2 The Royal George is an excellent peach.
1852 A. B. Strong Amer. Flora III. 111 The peaches proper for a small garden, according to Forsyth, are;..royal Kensington.
1908 Gardeners' Chron. 22 Aug. 151/3 2nd prize for fruit was awarded to Mrs. Swann, Halston Hall.., whose Lady Sudeley apples and Royal Peach Apricots were very fine.
1964 Times 1 June 5/5 The Jersey Royal potato, introduced to the island over eighty years ago, is still the only variety grown for export.
1995 Toronto Life Jan. 54/2 For the fall harvest, lovely Royal Gala apples were $2.99/lb.
(b)
Royal Ann n. (also Royal Anne) †(a) (in full Royal Ann peach) a variety of peach (obsolete rare); (b) (chiefly North American) a variety of bigarreau cherry, having red skin and white flesh; (also) the tree bearing this fruit; also called Napoleon.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > cherry > types of cherry
black cherry1530
geana1533
Plinian1577
mazzard1578
mazardc1595
merry1595
Flanders cherry1597
heart cherry1599
cherrylet1605
agriot1611
morel1611
cœur-cherry1626
bigarreau1629
May-cherry1629
morello1629
urinal cherry1629
white-heart cherry1629
duracine1655
heart1658
black heart1664
carnation1664
duke1664
honey cherrya1671
nonsuch1674
merise1675
red-hearta1678
prince royal1686
lukeward1707
white-heart1707
May duke1718
Royal Ann1724
ox-heart1731
ratafia1777
choke-cherry1785
mountain cherry1811
rum cherry1818
sour cherry1884
Napoleon1886
Napoleon cherry1933
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > trees or plants bearing stone fruit > cherry tree > types of
mahaleb1558
goynire1572
mazzard1578
bird cherry1597
ground-cherry1601
wild cherry1666
red cherry1681
Royal Ann1724
sand cherry1778
rum cherry1818
marasca1852
sakura1884
black cherry1898
Japanese cherry1901
Tibetan cherry1948
1724 P. Miller Gardeners & Florists Dict. II. sig. Ii4/1 Royal Ann Peach.
1862 Ohio Cultivator June 187/2 He gives the Van Schyke and Royal Ann, with the May Duke, the high place on the list of Cherries.
1930 V. R. Gardner Cherry xiii. 111 The outstanding light-fleshed sweet cherry is the Napoleon,—also known as Napoleon Bigarreau and Royal Ann. Indeed it is the one white-fleshed sweet cherry of real commercial importance in the United States.
2005 S. Amick Lake, River & Other Lake iii. 20 The main crop is always cherries—sweets, blacks, Royal Anns, Raniers, tarts.
Royal Sovereign n. any of various varieties of cultivated plants, chiefly fruits; spec. (in later use) a large early-ripening variety of strawberry.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > strawberry > types of
capron1693
hautboy1731
pine strawberry1754
Alpine1771
scarlet strawberry1786
sow-tit1788
Royal Sovereign1795
pineapple strawberry1796
scarlet1815
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tree or plant producing edible berries > strawberry plant > types of
hautboy1731
wood strawberry1731
Royal Sovereign1795
1795 J. Holt Gen. View Agric. Lancaster (new ed.) 81 Gooseberries have been produced which have weighed singly 15 dwts. 10 grains, e.g...the Royal Sovereign, grown by George Cooke of Ashton.
1833 Gardener's Mag. Apr. 252 Of gooseberries, the winning kinds, Red, Crown Bob, Roaring Lion, and Sportsman; yellow, Royal Sovereign and Rockwood.
1847 A. J. Downing Fruits & Fruit Trees Amer. 478 Grosse Mignonne. Royal Kensington. Grimwood's Royal George..Royal Sovereign.
1892 Proc. Royal Hort. Soc. 15 p. lxvii First Class Certificate. To Strawberry Royal Sovereign.., from Mr. T. Laxton, Bedford.
1960 B. K. Wilson Lovely Summer i. 11 Slade is going to pick the Royal Sovereigns this afternoon.
2005 P. M. Browse Heligan iii. 62 Royal Sovereign..still has not been overtaken as the benchmark against which all other varieties [of strawberry] are compared.
C4. Parasynthetic, as royal-chartered, royal-hearted, royal-sized, royal-souled, royal-spirited, royal-towered, etc., and similative, as royal-rich.
ΚΠ
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxv Before daie was set and pight a royall rich tent, all or clothe of gold, and riche embroudery of the kyng of Englandes, and diuerse other hales and pauilions.
1600 N. Breton Strange Fortunes Two Princes 58 This roiall spirited youth..fell thus to talke to himselfe.
1621 T. Granger Familiar Expos. 271 The`.blessednes of the land that is gouerned by the royall hearted King, and truly noble Princes.
1673 J. Milton At Vacation Exercise in Poems (new ed.) 68 Whether thou be the Son, Of..Medway smooth, or Royal Towred Thame.
1785 Hist. York II. 110 The Company of Linen-Weavers, which is a Royal-chartered Company.
1836 J. H. Newman et al. Lyra Apost. 109 Royal-hearted Athanase, With Paul's own mantle blest.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Palace of Art (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 148 In this great house so royal-rich, and wide.
1883 J. Parker Apostolic Life II. 69 A great-hearted, royal-souled man.
1903 T. Hardy Dynasts I. iv. iii. 71 A royal-lineaged son, whose ancestors Root on the primal rocks of history.
1994 Orange Coast Mar. 147 (advt.) This ultimate dream home offers separate executive office wing with large conference room, royal-sized master suite,..17 car garage, and more.
C5. Modifying colour words associated with royalty to form adjectives and nouns, as royal red.See also royal blue n. and adj., royal green n. and adj., royal purple n. and adj. at Compounds 1.
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [noun] > shades of red > deep red or crimson
crimson madderOE
purpureOE
murrey1305
tuly1398
oxblood?1440
crimson?a1475
sanguinea1500
carnation?1533
murrey colour1537
purple-red1565
ruby1572
sanguine red1601
velvet-crimson1646
lake1660
lac1682
rubine1704
madder red1728
ruby-red1738
granate1750
palm-colour1773
morone1777
carmine1799
vinaceous1819
incarnadine1821
crimsoning1833
pigeon's blood1865
solferinoc1865
Burgundy1881
sang-de-bœuf1881
vermilion-crimson1882
claret1884
royal red1890
wine1895
pigeon ruby red1897
Bordeaux1904
peony1914
madder crimson1991
1890 Pall Mall Gaz. 2 Feb. 4/1 Purple, blood-orange, royal red, and sun colour.
1907 E. Gosse Father & Son 157 Dark rocks..streamed over by silken flags of royal crimson and purple.
1999 ‘Sister Souljah’ Coldest Winter Ever i. 2 We had royal red carpets on the floors, top-of-the-line furniture, a fully loaded entertainment center, equipment, and all that good stuff.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.n.c1400- to give a person a meeting
- to give a person a pain
- to give a person a pain in the etc
- to give a person a pain in the in the arse
- to give a person a pain in the neck
- to give a person a piece of one's mind
- to give a person a pig of his etc own sow
- to give a person a pig of his her own sow
- to give a person a pig of his own sow
- to give a person a rattle
- to give a person a roasting
- to give a person a run for etc money
- to give a person a run for her money
- to give a person a run for his money
- to give a person a runaround
- to give a person a rush
- to give a person a seeing to
- to give a person a shout
- to give a person a show
- to give a person a show of
- to give a person a sop of the same sauce
- to give a person a tinkle
- to give a person a topper
- to give a person a yell
- to give a person an old-fashioned look