slow-wormn.

Brit.

/ˈsləʊwəːm/, U.S.

/ˈsloʊˌwərm/

Forms:

α. early Old English slawerm (Kentish), Old English slawyrm, Middle English slawe worme, Middle English slaworme, 1600s (1900s archaic) slay-worm; English regional (northern) 1800s slaa-worm, 1800s sleaa worm, 1800s slea worm; Scottish 1800s slayworm, 1800s– slaeworm, 1900s– slae-wurm.

β. early Middle English slowurm, Middle English slowerm, Middle English slowerme, Middle English slowurme, 1500s sloewourme, 1500s sloo worme, 1500s sloworme, 1600s sloe-worme, 1600s–1800s sloeworm, 1600s– sloworm.

γ. Middle English–1500s slowe worme, 1500s–1600s slow-worme, 1600s– slow worm, 1600s– slow-worm, 1600s– slowworm.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: an element of unknown origin, worm n.

Etymology: < a first element of unknown origin (see below) + worm n.The first element is apparently cognate with Norwegian (regional) slo blindworm, shed snake skin, black slug, Old Swedish sla blindworm (Swedish slå blindworm, three-toed skink), also found in compounds with cognates of worm n.: compare Norwegian (regional) ormslo blindworm, shed snake skin, a particularly venomous snake, Swedish ormslå blindworm (18th cent.), Danish †ormslaa blindworm, Dutch †slaaworm bright-line brown-eye moth (1773, in slaaworm uiltje ), larva of the cockchafer (1798); further etymology unknown. Compare also Scots slae slow-worm (1930 or earlier; shortened < slaeworm at α. forms). The β. forms show a regular phonological development of the α. forms. The γ. forms are spelling variants of the β. forms resulting largely from folk-etymological association of the first element with slow adj. (compare quot. ?1791 at sense 1aγ. , and also sense 1b). In the form slay-worm showing a folk-etymological association with slay v.¹; compare quot. 1689 at sense 1aα. . Compare similar association of Norwegian ormslo , Swedish ormslå with the respective cognates of slay v.¹

a. Originally: any of various kinds of snake, serpent, or legless lizard, including both harmless and venomous (or supposedly venomous) species (now rare and archaic). Now spec.: any of various limbless lizards of the genus Anguis (family Anguidae), found in much of Europe and parts of western Asia, esp. A. fragilis, native to north-western and central Europe.In early sources, the word is used to translate various Latin names of serpents and other reptiles. Use of the name for certain snakes in some later sources (e.g. quot. 1810 at γ. ) reflects confused early scientific application of the Latin names anguis and scytale (cf. scytale n.¹). Reference to blindness (cf. blind-worm n.) may perhaps have arisen from confusion with caecilians (limbless amphibians). Cf. also adder n.¹ 2c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > [noun] > unspecified and miscellaneous types of

worm-kinc893

slow-wormOE

hagworm?c1475

salpege1569

scytale1572

house snake1608

porphyre1608

ellops1667

sea-serpent1672

tree-serpent1731

boyuna1763

whip-snake1774

garter-snake1775

switch-snake1791

argus-snake1802

rat snake1818

skaapsteker1818

sea-snake1827

short-tail1879

roof-snake1884

brown snake1896

herald-snake1910

night snake1918

parrot snake1931

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Anguidae > anguis fragilis (slow-worm or blindworm)

slow-wormOE

blind-wormc1450

hagworm?c1475

death adder1608

addera1616

deaf adder1758

α.

OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 266 & spalangii : genus serpentis, musci uenenosi, [right margin] & þære scortan næddran, uel slawyrm.

OE tr. Defensor Liber Scintillarum (1969) xxviii. 204 In nouissimo mordebit ut coluber et sicut regulus uenena diffundet : on latemystum hit tyrþ ealswa snaca & ealswa slawyrm attru hit tosend oþþe ongytt.

?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 115^v A Slawe Worme [1483 BL Add. 89074 Slaworme], cecula.

1689 R. Hogarth Gazophylacium Anglicanum at Sloe-worm Slay-worm, from its venomous nature.

1821 Ayr & Wigton Courier 22 Mar. Tho' slayworms and adders be coiled by thy rills.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Slaa-worm, a blind worm.

1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) 88/2 Slea worm,..the so-called blind worm, slo-worm.

1927 E. St. Vincent Millay King's Henchman iii. 125 I have broken my back to make a home for the slay-worm; And kept the foe from her nest, that she might hatch her speckled brood.

1992 D. Purves Shakespeare's Tragedie o Macbeth iv. i. 41 Edder's fork an slae-wurm's steing, esk's hint-leg an houlet's weing.

β. c1225 ( Ælfric Gloss. (Worcester) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 544 Stellio, slowurm.a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 136 (MED) For a slowerm þat ys cropyn in a man.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 271/2 Sloo worme.1581 J. Derricke Image Irelande i. sig. Civ Behold you not the Sloworme there, with Vipers generation?1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Scytale, the Scytall; a dangerous Sloe-worme.1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xi. 92 The Stork delighteth in newts, water-snakes, adders, and sloeworms.1667 T. Sprat Hist. Royal-Soc. 223 The sixth are Experiments Medicinal, and Anatomical; as of..killing Water-Newts, Toads, and Sloworms with several Salts.1712 W. Nicolson Note Book 17 Jan. in London Diaries (1985) 700 Serpents. All the kinds of these, from the Rattle-snake to the smallest Sloe-worm, are preserved in Spirit of Wine.1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 365 Slow worm, or Sloe-worm,..the blind worm.1890 Proc. Cotteswold Naturalists' Field Club 9 266 The Sloworm is perfectly harmless. I once received a bite, which bled pretty freely, from one of these reptiles, but the wounds..healed very quickly.2000 Reptiles & Amphibians (Discov. Channel) 111 The sloworm is not a snake either, but a lizard.γ. a1500 Eng. Glosses MS BL Add. 37075 (1984) 20 Cecula, slowe worme.1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes Alexis of Piemount f. 30^v A certayne litle Serpent called a Slowe worme.1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. K3^v Thine eyes are like the slow wormes in the night.1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 153 So are slow-Wormes accounted blinde,..although their eyes be evident.1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. iii. 48 The greater Slow-worm,..Called also the Blind-worm.1763 Philos. Trans. 1762 (Royal Soc.) 52 475 As to the slow-worm, I have had two fair trials, to conclude, that his bite is quite harmless.?1791 R. Burns Let. (2003) II. 92 When I matriculate in the Herald's office, I intend that my supporters shall be two sloths, my crest a slow-worm.1802 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. III. ii. 590 Seban Slow-worm, Scytalæ Americanæ,..a small species, figured and slightly described in the work of Seba.1810 Encycl. Brit. XV. 160/1 Coral Slow-worm.—Ground colour pale red, with coral-red variegations. A very beautiful species, native of Brazil.1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 95 Where the two contrived their daughter's good,..The slow-worm creeps,..and all is open field.1897 G. C. Bateman Vivarium 114 The Slow-worm has made itself famous by being the first to reveal to science the mysterious pineal, or median, eye.1973 A. d'A. Bellairs & J. F. D. Frazer Smith's Brit. Amphibians & Reptiles (ed. 5) v. 173 The Slow-worm, in fact, is a regular burrower and spends a good deal of its time underground.2010 J. Lister-Kaye At Water's Edge iii. 45 Suddenly exposed to the light, slow worms look put out and urinate to make the point.2015 BBC Wildlife Dec. 78/1 Slow-worms..are effectively ‘grass swimmers’, using the sides of their bodies to push off from the surrounding vegetation and produce forward momentum.

†b. figurative. A person or thing likened to a slow-worm, esp. in being dull or sluggish. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [adjective] > tardy or sluggish

lateeOE

latredec897

latelyOE

slowfulc1400

latesomea1425

languoring?c1425

sluggedc1430

tardy1483

tediousc1485

hooly1513

longsome1543

lingeringa1547

tarde1547

slow-worm1548

tardious?1572

lagging1597

snail-slow1600

snail-paced1601

snail-like1639

languid1646

dilatory1648

sluggish1648

languishing1693

laggard1702

lentitudinous1801

laggardly1826

lag-last1862

slowpoke1872

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xxiiii Auoidyng the slowe worme and deadely Dormouse called Idlenes.

1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. G3 Was euer..Ledgerdemaine a slow-worme, Viuacitie a lazy bones?

1680 S. Lee in J. Row Emmanuel sig. A4 Polyaenus in his Roman Stratagems is but a wrigling slowworm to this old Serpent in his direful Arts.

1716 A. Pope To Ingenious Mr. Moore 1 The Learn'd themselves, we Book-Worms name: The Blockhead, is a Slow-Worm; The Nymph, whose Tail is all on Flame, Is aptly term'd a Glow-Worm.

1791 Salem Gaz. 18 Oct. 2/1 It seems, by the squibs..against Mr. Lesslie as ‘a slow worm’ and ‘a writer of protestant bulls’..that somebody is in great haste.

†a. South African. A limbless lizard of the African genus Acontias (family Scincidae), esp. the Cape legless skink, A. meleagris. Obsolete.Placed in the genus Anguis by Linnaeus (1758), so early instances could be interpreted as sense 1a.

ΚΠ

1802 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. III. ii. 581 Speckled Slow-Worm, Anguis Meleagris;..nearly allied to the common Slow-Worm.

1880 Rep. Council Zool. Soc. London 25 Spotted Slow-worm (Acontias meleagris).

1897 G. C. Bateman Vivarium 129 The Spotted Slow-worm (Acontias meleagris).—The general shape of this Lizard is not unlike that of the Common Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis), hence its English name.

1923 S. Afr. Jrnl. Nat. Hist. 4 183 Working with us Mr. V. FitzSimons has found a corresponding fixity in the stage of degeneration of the limb-girdles in the South African slow-worm, Acontias meleagris.

b. Australian. Either of two kinds of reptile native to mainland Australia: †(a) (in early use) a wormlike burrowing snake of the genus Anilios (family Typhlopidae), a blind snake (obsolete); (b) a limbless lizard of the family Pygopodidae, found in Australia and New Guinea.

ΚΠ

1824 J. Lycett Views in Austral. 4 Of poisonous reptiles, the..slow-worm and snake, are the most hurtful.

1888 Proc. Linnean Soc. New S. Wales 3 1096 Mr Burnell exhibited two living Slow-worms (Typhlops nigrescens) from Wentworthville near Parramatta.

1909 A. H. S. Lucas & W. H. D. Le Souëf Animals Austral. 221 Like the other Slow-Worms, Lialis burrows in the ground.

1943 C. Barrett Austral. Animal Bk. 319 Our legless lizards, generally called slow-worms, belong to a family that is typically Australian.

1970 R. Bustard Austral. Lizards 81 In Australia they [sc. the Pygopodidae] are sometimes called ‘slow-worms’ perhaps because the early European settlers were familiar with the slow-worm (Anguis fragilis) of their original homeland.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	slow-worm
释义	slow-wormn. Brit. /ˈsləʊwəːm/, U.S. /ˈsloʊˌwərm/ Forms: α. early Old English slawerm (Kentish), Old English slawyrm, Middle English slawe worme, Middle English slaworme, 1600s (1900s archaic) slay-worm; English regional (northern) 1800s slaa-worm, 1800s sleaa worm, 1800s slea worm; Scottish 1800s slayworm, 1800s– slaeworm, 1900s– slae-wurm. β. early Middle English slowurm, Middle English slowerm, Middle English slowerme, Middle English slowurme, 1500s sloewourme, 1500s sloo worme, 1500s sloworme, 1600s sloe-worme, 1600s–1800s sloeworm, 1600s– sloworm. γ. Middle English–1500s slowe worme, 1500s–1600s slow-worme, 1600s– slow worm, 1600s– slow-worm, 1600s– slowworm. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: an element of unknown origin, worm n. Etymology: < a first element of unknown origin (see below) + worm n.The first element is apparently cognate with Norwegian (regional) slo blindworm, shed snake skin, black slug, Old Swedish sla blindworm (Swedish slå blindworm, three-toed skink), also found in compounds with cognates of worm n.: compare Norwegian (regional) ormslo blindworm, shed snake skin, a particularly venomous snake, Swedish ormslå blindworm (18th cent.), Danish †ormslaa blindworm, Dutch †slaaworm bright-line brown-eye moth (1773, in slaaworm uiltje ), larva of the cockchafer (1798); further etymology unknown. Compare also Scots slae slow-worm (1930 or earlier; shortened < slaeworm at α. forms). The β. forms show a regular phonological development of the α. forms. The γ. forms are spelling variants of the β. forms resulting largely from folk-etymological association of the first element with slow adj. (compare quot. ?1791 at sense 1aγ. , and also sense 1b). In the form slay-worm showing a folk-etymological association with slay v.¹; compare quot. 1689 at sense 1aα. . Compare similar association of Norwegian ormslo , Swedish ormslå with the respective cognates of slay v.¹ 1. a. Originally: any of various kinds of snake, serpent, or legless lizard, including both harmless and venomous (or supposedly venomous) species (now rare and archaic). Now spec.: any of various limbless lizards of the genus Anguis (family Anguidae), found in much of Europe and parts of western Asia, esp. A. fragilis, native to north-western and central Europe.In early sources, the word is used to translate various Latin names of serpents and other reptiles. Use of the name for certain snakes in some later sources (e.g. quot. 1810 at γ. ) reflects confused early scientific application of the Latin names anguis and scytale (cf. scytale n.¹). Reference to blindness (cf. blind-worm n.) may perhaps have arisen from confusion with caecilians (limbless amphibians). Cf. also adder n.¹ 2c. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > [noun] > unspecified and miscellaneous types of worm-kinc893 slow-wormOE hagworm?c1475 salpege1569 scytale1572 house snake1608 porphyre1608 ellops1667 sea-serpent1672 tree-serpent1731 boyuna1763 whip-snake1774 garter-snake1775 switch-snake1791 argus-snake1802 rat snake1818 skaapsteker1818 sea-snake1827 short-tail1879 roof-snake1884 brown snake1896 herald-snake1910 night snake1918 parrot snake1931 the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Anguidae > anguis fragilis (slow-worm or blindworm) slow-wormOE blind-wormc1450 hagworm?c1475 death adder1608 addera1616 deaf adder1758 α. OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 266 & spalangii : genus serpentis, musci uenenosi, [right margin] & þære scortan næddran, uel slawyrm. OE tr. Defensor Liber Scintillarum (1969) xxviii. 204 In nouissimo mordebit ut coluber et sicut regulus uenena diffundet : on latemystum hit tyrþ ealswa snaca & ealswa slawyrm attru hit tosend oþþe ongytt. ?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 115^v A Slawe Worme [1483 BL Add. 89074 Slaworme], cecula. 1689 R. Hogarth Gazophylacium Anglicanum at Sloe-worm Slay-worm, from its venomous nature. 1821 Ayr & Wigton Courier 22 Mar. Tho' slayworms and adders be coiled by thy rills. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Slaa-worm, a blind worm. 1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) 88/2 Slea worm,..the so-called blind worm, slo-worm. 1927 E. St. Vincent Millay King's Henchman iii. 125 I have broken my back to make a home for the slay-worm; And kept the foe from her nest, that she might hatch her speckled brood. 1992 D. Purves Shakespeare's Tragedie o Macbeth iv. i. 41 Edder's fork an slae-wurm's steing, esk's hint-leg an houlet's weing. β. c1225 ( Ælfric Gloss. (Worcester) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 544 Stellio, slowurm.a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 136 (MED) For a slowerm þat ys cropyn in a man.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 271/2 Sloo worme.1581 J. Derricke Image Irelande i. sig. Civ Behold you not the Sloworme there, with Vipers generation?1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Scytale, the Scytall; a dangerous Sloe-worme.1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xi. 92 The Stork delighteth in newts, water-snakes, adders, and sloeworms.1667 T. Sprat Hist. Royal-Soc. 223 The sixth are Experiments Medicinal, and Anatomical; as of..killing Water-Newts, Toads, and Sloworms with several Salts.1712 W. Nicolson Note Book 17 Jan. in London Diaries (1985) 700 Serpents. All the kinds of these, from the Rattle-snake to the smallest Sloe-worm, are preserved in Spirit of Wine.1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 365 Slow worm, or Sloe-worm,..the blind worm.1890 Proc. Cotteswold Naturalists' Field Club 9 266 The Sloworm is perfectly harmless. I once received a bite, which bled pretty freely, from one of these reptiles, but the wounds..healed very quickly.2000 Reptiles & Amphibians (Discov. Channel) 111 The sloworm is not a snake either, but a lizard.γ. a1500 Eng. Glosses MS BL Add. 37075 (1984) 20 Cecula, slowe worme.1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes Alexis of Piemount f. 30^v A certayne litle Serpent called a Slowe worme.1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. K3^v Thine eyes are like the slow wormes in the night.1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 153 So are slow-Wormes accounted blinde,..although their eyes be evident.1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. iii. 48 The greater Slow-worm,..Called also the Blind-worm.1763 Philos. Trans. 1762 (Royal Soc.) 52 475 As to the slow-worm, I have had two fair trials, to conclude, that his bite is quite harmless.?1791 R. Burns Let. (2003) II. 92 When I matriculate in the Herald's office, I intend that my supporters shall be two sloths, my crest a slow-worm.1802 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. III. ii. 590 Seban Slow-worm, Scytalæ Americanæ,..a small species, figured and slightly described in the work of Seba.1810 Encycl. Brit. XV. 160/1 Coral Slow-worm.—Ground colour pale red, with coral-red variegations. A very beautiful species, native of Brazil.1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 95 Where the two contrived their daughter's good,..The slow-worm creeps,..and all is open field.1897 G. C. Bateman Vivarium 114 The Slow-worm has made itself famous by being the first to reveal to science the mysterious pineal, or median, eye.1973 A. d'A. Bellairs & J. F. D. Frazer Smith's Brit. Amphibians & Reptiles (ed. 5) v. 173 The Slow-worm, in fact, is a regular burrower and spends a good deal of its time underground.2010 J. Lister-Kaye At Water's Edge iii. 45 Suddenly exposed to the light, slow worms look put out and urinate to make the point.2015 BBC Wildlife Dec. 78/1 Slow-worms..are effectively ‘grass swimmers’, using the sides of their bodies to push off from the surrounding vegetation and produce forward momentum. †b. figurative. A person or thing likened to a slow-worm, esp. in being dull or sluggish. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [adjective] > tardy or sluggish lateeOE latredec897 latelyOE slowfulc1400 latesomea1425 languoring?c1425 sluggedc1430 tardy1483 tediousc1485 hooly1513 longsome1543 lingeringa1547 tarde1547 slow-worm1548 tardious?1572 lagging1597 snail-slow1600 snail-paced1601 snail-like1639 languid1646 dilatory1648 sluggish1648 languishing1693 laggard1702 lentitudinous1801 laggardly1826 lag-last1862 slowpoke1872 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xxiiii Auoidyng the slowe worme and deadely Dormouse called Idlenes. 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. G3 Was euer..Ledgerdemaine a slow-worme, Viuacitie a lazy bones? 1680 S. Lee in J. Row Emmanuel sig. A4 Polyaenus in his Roman Stratagems is but a wrigling slowworm to this old Serpent in his direful Arts. 1716 A. Pope To Ingenious Mr. Moore 1 The Learn'd themselves, we Book-Worms name: The Blockhead, is a Slow-Worm; The Nymph, whose Tail is all on Flame, Is aptly term'd a Glow-Worm. 1791 Salem Gaz. 18 Oct. 2/1 It seems, by the squibs..against Mr. Lesslie as ‘a slow worm’ and ‘a writer of protestant bulls’..that somebody is in great haste. 2. †a. South African. A limbless lizard of the African genus Acontias (family Scincidae), esp. the Cape legless skink, A. meleagris. Obsolete.Placed in the genus Anguis by Linnaeus (1758), so early instances could be interpreted as sense 1a. ΚΠ 1802 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. III. ii. 581 Speckled Slow-Worm, Anguis Meleagris;..nearly allied to the common Slow-Worm. 1880 Rep. Council Zool. Soc. London 25 Spotted Slow-worm (Acontias meleagris). 1897 G. C. Bateman Vivarium 129 The Spotted Slow-worm (Acontias meleagris).—The general shape of this Lizard is not unlike that of the Common Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis), hence its English name. 1923 S. Afr. Jrnl. Nat. Hist. 4 183 Working with us Mr. V. FitzSimons has found a corresponding fixity in the stage of degeneration of the limb-girdles in the South African slow-worm, Acontias meleagris. b. Australian. Either of two kinds of reptile native to mainland Australia: †(a) (in early use) a wormlike burrowing snake of the genus Anilios (family Typhlopidae), a blind snake (obsolete); (b) a limbless lizard of the family Pygopodidae, found in Australia and New Guinea. ΚΠ 1824 J. Lycett Views in Austral. 4 Of poisonous reptiles, the..slow-worm and snake, are the most hurtful. 1888 Proc. Linnean Soc. New S. Wales 3 1096 Mr Burnell exhibited two living Slow-worms (Typhlops nigrescens) from Wentworthville near Parramatta. 1909 A. H. S. Lucas & W. H. D. Le Souëf Animals Austral. 221 Like the other Slow-Worms, Lialis burrows in the ground. 1943 C. Barrett Austral. Animal Bk. 319 Our legless lizards, generally called slow-worms, belong to a family that is typically Australian. 1970 R. Bustard Austral. Lizards 81 In Australia they [sc. the Pygopodidae] are sometimes called ‘slow-worms’ perhaps because the early European settlers were familiar with the slow-worm (Anguis fragilis) of their original homeland. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.OE
随便看	splitarsing splitass splitbolster splitbrain splitcloth splitdose splitdown splite spliteared splitface splitfarthing splitfield splitfig splitfinger splitfinger fastball splitfingered fastball splitful splithalf splitimage splitlevel splitlift splitminded splitmindedness splitmouth sucker splitnew