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单词 black heart
释义

black heartn.

Brit. /ˈblak ˌhɑːt/, U.S. /ˈblæk ˌ(h)ɑrt/
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., heart n.
Etymology: < black adj. + heart n.
1. Any of several cultivated varieties of sweet cherry producing dark-coloured fruit; (also) the fruit itself. Cf. heart cherry n. at heart n., int., and adv. Compounds 3b. Now chiefly historical.In quot. 1818: the morello cherry, Prunus cerasus.
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > stone fruit > [noun] > cherry > types of
black cherry1530
geana1533
Plinian1577
cherrylet1605
agriot1611
morel1611
cœur-cherry1626
bigarreau1629
May-cherry1629
morello1629
duracine1655
black heart1664
duke1664
red-hearta1678
prince royal1686
May duke1718
ox-heart1731
sand cherry1778
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > cherry > types of cherry
black cherry1530
geana1533
Plinian1577
mazzard1578
mazardc1595
merry1595
Flanders cherry1597
heart cherry1599
cherrylet1605
agriot1611
morel1611
cœur-cherry1626
bigarreau1629
May-cherry1629
morello1629
urinal cherry1629
white-heart cherry1629
duracine1655
heart1658
black heart1664
carnation1664
duke1664
honey cherrya1671
nonsuch1674
merise1675
red-hearta1678
prince royal1686
lukeward1707
white-heart1707
May duke1718
Royal Ann1724
ox-heart1731
ratafia1777
choke-cherry1785
mountain cherry1811
rum cherry1818
sour cherry1884
Napoleon1886
Napoleon cherry1933
1653 R. Austen Treat. Fruit-trees 55 The black hart Cherry is a very speciall fruit.]
1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 68 in Sylva Cherries..Black Heart, Red Heart, White Heart.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 546 In June are ripe the White, Red, Black and Bleeding Hearts.
1786 G. Washington Diaries III. 13 A black heart May cherry, grafted at the same time.
1818 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 1 360 English cherry, black heart (Prunus cerasus) in full flower.
1833 Ld. Tennyson Blackbird 7 The unnetted black hearts ripen dark..against the garden wall.
1862 Amer. Agriculturalist Aug. 244/1 The Black Tartarian, one of the finest of the black hearts, is pre-eminent for the beauty of its foliage and habit.
1920 Times 17 May 4/2 Many cherry orchards, especially those in exposed places, have been badly injured, but hopes are entertained for Black Hearts and Napoleons.
1928 A. H. Hoare Eng. Grass Orchard vi. 84 The custom of lumping several varieties together, under such names as Black Amber, White Amber, White Hearts and Black Hearts, has..caused confusion.
1998 P. J. Hatch Fruits & Fruit Trees of Monticello ii. 93/1 Morellos, and sweet Black Hearts were planted casually in the yard for pies and preserves.
2. Agriculture and Horticulture. Any of various plant diseases in which blackening of inner areas of plant tissue takes place; spec. a disease of potatoes characterized by a blackening at the centre of stored and growing tubers, caused by oxygen deprivation such as may result from temperature extremes, waterlogging, or poor ventilation.
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the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > characterized by part affected or appearance produced
jaundice1600
black rot1769
root rot1831
leaf blight1849
leaf curl1850
black heart1862
icterus1866
albication1877
footrot1883
curl-leaf1886
silver top1890
stem-sickness1890
sleeping disease1899
mosaic1900
leaf mosaic1902
scorch1906
blotch1909
little leaf1911
ringspot1913
crinkle1920
vein banding1928
1862 Horticulturist 25 219 Much of the imperfect growth of black heart, and diseased wood, undoubtedly has its origin in injury accruing from neglect or mismanagement in their early growth.
1895 Minnesota Horticulturalist Feb. 322 This [disease] is not the old-fashioned black-heart with a swelling in the center, and the potato does not shrink inside.
1922 C. S. Sherbakoff Some Important Dis. Truck Crops Florida (Bull. Florida Agric. Extension Service, No. 32) 40 Black heart... This disease produces somewhat soft, brown to black rot of the bud of the tender central leaves of the celery plant.
1959 A. Beaumont Dis. Farm Crops iv. 72 Diseases of potatoes... Black heart. The tubers are normal externally, but show a brown or black discoloration of the centre of the flesh.
2003 Gold Coast Bull. 13 Aug. 23 The Queensland Department of Primary Industries is developing a GM pineapple that would not suffer from the disease blackheart and would have a longer shelf-life.
3. Metallurgy. A type of malleable cast iron containing nodules of graphite in a ferrite matrix. Contrasted with white heart. Frequently attributive.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [adjective] > made of cast iron > types of cast iron
chilled1831
black heart1872
white-heart1911
spheroidal1920
nodular1947
1872 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 104 272 The annealed ‘black heart’, as it is technically called, gave a dirty green color to the solution and a black carbonaceous residue remained.
1908 Automotor Jrnl. 25 Apr. 547/2 The ‘black heart’ process..has been mainly developed in America.
1917 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 96 330 For the most part, Americans do not machine their malleable castings, and hence they use ‘black-heart’, which is ordinary cast iron when the decarburised skin is taken off... ‘Black-heart’ castings were not suitable for certain purposes.
1962 B.S.I. News June 12/2 Methods of test for blackheart, whiteheart and pearlitic malleable iron.
2005 L. W. Fisher Select. Engin. Materials iv. 251 Black heart malleable iron is the only type produced in North America and is the most widely used variety throughout the world.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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