单词 | black heart |
释义 | black heartn. 1. Any of several cultivated varieties of sweet cherry producing dark-coloured fruit; (also) the fruit itself. Cf. heart cherry n. at heart n., int., and adv. Compounds 3b. Now chiefly historical.In quot. 1818: the morello cherry, Prunus cerasus. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > stone fruit > [noun] > cherry > types of black cherry1530 geana1533 Plinian1577 cherrylet1605 agriot1611 morel1611 cœur-cherry1626 bigarreau1629 May-cherry1629 morello1629 duracine1655 black heart1664 duke1664 red-hearta1678 prince royal1686 May duke1718 ox-heart1731 sand cherry1778 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > cherry > types of cherry black cherry1530 geana1533 Plinian1577 mazzard1578 mazardc1595 merry1595 Flanders cherry1597 heart cherry1599 cherrylet1605 agriot1611 morel1611 cœur-cherry1626 bigarreau1629 May-cherry1629 morello1629 urinal cherry1629 white-heart cherry1629 duracine1655 heart1658 black heart1664 carnation1664 duke1664 honey cherrya1671 nonsuch1674 merise1675 red-hearta1678 prince royal1686 lukeward1707 white-heart1707 May duke1718 Royal Ann1724 ox-heart1731 ratafia1777 choke-cherry1785 mountain cherry1811 rum cherry1818 sour cherry1884 Napoleon1886 Napoleon cherry1933 1653 R. Austen Treat. Fruit-trees 55 The black hart Cherry is a very speciall fruit.] 1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 68 in Sylva Cherries..Black Heart, Red Heart, White Heart. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 546 In June are ripe the White, Red, Black and Bleeding Hearts. 1786 G. Washington Diaries III. 13 A black heart May cherry, grafted at the same time. 1818 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 1 360 English cherry, black heart (Prunus cerasus) in full flower. 1833 Ld. Tennyson Blackbird 7 The unnetted black hearts ripen dark..against the garden wall. 1862 Amer. Agriculturalist Aug. 244/1 The Black Tartarian, one of the finest of the black hearts, is pre-eminent for the beauty of its foliage and habit. 1920 Times 17 May 4/2 Many cherry orchards, especially those in exposed places, have been badly injured, but hopes are entertained for Black Hearts and Napoleons. 1928 A. H. Hoare Eng. Grass Orchard vi. 84 The custom of lumping several varieties together, under such names as Black Amber, White Amber, White Hearts and Black Hearts, has..caused confusion. 1998 P. J. Hatch Fruits & Fruit Trees of Monticello ii. 93/1 Morellos, and sweet Black Hearts were planted casually in the yard for pies and preserves. 2. Agriculture and Horticulture. Any of various plant diseases in which blackening of inner areas of plant tissue takes place; spec. a disease of potatoes characterized by a blackening at the centre of stored and growing tubers, caused by oxygen deprivation such as may result from temperature extremes, waterlogging, or poor ventilation. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > characterized by part affected or appearance produced jaundice1600 black rot1769 root rot1831 leaf blight1849 leaf curl1850 black heart1862 icterus1866 albication1877 footrot1883 curl-leaf1886 silver top1890 stem-sickness1890 sleeping disease1899 mosaic1900 leaf mosaic1902 scorch1906 blotch1909 little leaf1911 ringspot1913 crinkle1920 vein banding1928 1862 Horticulturist 25 219 Much of the imperfect growth of black heart, and diseased wood, undoubtedly has its origin in injury accruing from neglect or mismanagement in their early growth. 1895 Minnesota Horticulturalist Feb. 322 This [disease] is not the old-fashioned black-heart with a swelling in the center, and the potato does not shrink inside. 1922 C. S. Sherbakoff Some Important Dis. Truck Crops Florida (Bull. Florida Agric. Extension Service, No. 32) 40 Black heart... This disease produces somewhat soft, brown to black rot of the bud of the tender central leaves of the celery plant. 1959 A. Beaumont Dis. Farm Crops iv. 72 Diseases of potatoes... Black heart. The tubers are normal externally, but show a brown or black discoloration of the centre of the flesh. 2003 Gold Coast Bull. 13 Aug. 23 The Queensland Department of Primary Industries is developing a GM pineapple that would not suffer from the disease blackheart and would have a longer shelf-life. 3. Metallurgy. A type of malleable cast iron containing nodules of graphite in a ferrite matrix. Contrasted with white heart. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [adjective] > made of cast iron > types of cast iron chilled1831 black heart1872 white-heart1911 spheroidal1920 nodular1947 1872 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 104 272 The annealed ‘black heart’, as it is technically called, gave a dirty green color to the solution and a black carbonaceous residue remained. 1908 Automotor Jrnl. 25 Apr. 547/2 The ‘black heart’ process..has been mainly developed in America. 1917 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 96 330 For the most part, Americans do not machine their malleable castings, and hence they use ‘black-heart’, which is ordinary cast iron when the decarburised skin is taken off... ‘Black-heart’ castings were not suitable for certain purposes. 1962 B.S.I. News June 12/2 Methods of test for blackheart, whiteheart and pearlitic malleable iron. 2005 L. W. Fisher Select. Engin. Materials iv. 251 Black heart malleable iron is the only type produced in North America and is the most widely used variety throughout the world. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < |
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