† hendnessn.

Forms:

α. early Middle English hendnysse, 1500s heyndnes (Scottish), 1500s hyndnes.

β. (in sense 2) Middle English hendenesse, Middle English hyndenesse.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: hend adj., -ness suffix.

Etymology: < hend adj. + -ness suffix. In sense 1 the word could alternatively be interpreted as aphetic < Old English gehendnes nearness, proximity < yhende adj. + -ness suffix (compare the variant reading in quot. c1175 at sense 1). Earlier currency in the sense ‘a thing that is near at hand’ (compare sense 1) is perhaps implied by the following gloss, if it does not show a transmission error for a form of gehendnes :OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 400 Obuia : ongeanwurde uel hendnyssa [altered from gendnyssa.]The β. forms could alternatively be interpreted as showing hendiness n.

Obsolete.

1. Nearness, proximity. Cf. hend adj. 1a.

ΚΠ

c1175 ( Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Bodl. 343) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) xxviii. 413 Gif hwa feorrenæ come, & wolde his lac gode offriæn þæt he on hendnysse [OE Royal gehendnysse] to bucgene [ðyllic orf] gearu hæfde.

2. Graciousness, gentleness, kindness; generosity arising from graciousness or kindness. Also (in early use): nobility. Cf. hend adj. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > [noun]

manshipOE

metheOE

courtesy?c1225

debonairty?c1225

gentrice?c1225

debonairshipa1240

hendlaika1250

fairnessc1275

hendiness?a1300

hendshipc1300

meeknessc1300

bonairty1303

bonairnessc1375

debonairness1382

humanityc1384

menskinga1400

hendnessc1400

comity1542

civilness1556

civility1561

courtshipa1640

discretion1752

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xx. l. 144 And helde holynesse a iape and hendenesse [C text c1400 Huntington HM 137 hendynesse] a wastour.

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xii. l. 13 (MED) That loueþ lond and lordshup..more Than holynesse other hendenesse.

?1526 G. Hervet tr. Erasmus De Immensa Dei Misericordia sig. D.ij If the same father often tymes gyue him money, so lewdely wastyng it, wyll nat euery body saye: He is to easy, and by his hyndnes marreth his son?

a1586 King Hart l. 118 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 258 Conning kyndnes heyndnes and honestie.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	hendness
释义	† hendnessn. Forms: α. early Middle English hendnysse, 1500s heyndnes (Scottish), 1500s hyndnes. β. (in sense 2) Middle English hendenesse, Middle English hyndenesse. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: hend adj., -ness suffix. Etymology: < hend adj. + -ness suffix. In sense 1 the word could alternatively be interpreted as aphetic < Old English gehendnes nearness, proximity < yhende adj. + -ness suffix (compare the variant reading in quot. c1175 at sense 1). Earlier currency in the sense ‘a thing that is near at hand’ (compare sense 1) is perhaps implied by the following gloss, if it does not show a transmission error for a form of gehendnes :OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 400 Obuia : ongeanwurde uel hendnyssa [altered from gendnyssa.]The β. forms could alternatively be interpreted as showing hendiness n. Obsolete. 1. Nearness, proximity. Cf. hend adj. 1a. ΚΠ c1175 ( Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Bodl. 343) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) xxviii. 413 Gif hwa feorrenæ come, & wolde his lac gode offriæn þæt he on hendnysse [OE Royal gehendnysse] to bucgene [ðyllic orf] gearu hæfde. 2. Graciousness, gentleness, kindness; generosity arising from graciousness or kindness. Also (in early use): nobility. Cf. hend adj. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > [noun] manshipOE metheOE courtesy?c1225 debonairty?c1225 gentrice?c1225 debonairshipa1240 hendlaika1250 fairnessc1275 hendiness?a1300 hendshipc1300 meeknessc1300 bonairty1303 bonairnessc1375 debonairness1382 humanityc1384 menskinga1400 hendnessc1400 comity1542 civilness1556 civility1561 courtshipa1640 discretion1752 c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xx. l. 144 And helde holynesse a iape and hendenesse [C text c1400 Huntington HM 137 hendynesse] a wastour. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xii. l. 13 (MED) That loueþ lond and lordshup..more Than holynesse other hendenesse. ?1526 G. Hervet tr. Erasmus De Immensa Dei Misericordia sig. D.ij If the same father often tymes gyue him money, so lewdely wastyng it, wyll nat euery body saye: He is to easy, and by his hyndnes marreth his son? a1586 King Hart l. 118 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 258 Conning kyndnes heyndnes and honestie. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1175
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