silphiumn.

/ˈsɪlfɪəm/

Etymology: Latin, < Greek σίλϕιον.

a. A plant of the Mediterranean region, yielding a gum resin or juice much valued by the ancients as a condiment or medicine; the juice obtained from this plant, also called laser n.¹The plant has been variously identified as Thapsia garganica or silphion, and Narthex silphium. It was largely cultivated for export at Cyrene on the north coast of Africa.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > additive > other flavourings > [noun]

saffronc1200

rorraa1500

fetida1588

balachong1699

gammon essence1706

ratafia1727

silphium1753

peppermint1811

Honduras sarsaparilla1818

oil of wintergreen1827

wintergreen oil1827

peppermint oil1850

apple oil1852

almond extract1865

duxelles1877

celery salt1897

gianduja1902

onion salt1925

garlic saltc1938

banoffi1994

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular tree or plant yielding useful gum or resin > [noun] > laser-tree

laser-tree1626

silphium1753

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > specific plant

hyssopc1000

sionc1000

tunhoofc1000

poppyOE

camomilea1300

orobusa1398

tithymala1400

tutsana1400

Thapsiac1400

melissa?a1425

hallelujahc1425

turmeric1538

succory1541

balin1546

English treacle1548

treacle mustard1548

rhabarb1558

Thlaspi1562

treacle clover1562

holy herb1567

lungwort1578

solanum1578

lightwort1587

neezing wort1591

Alexander's Foot1597

burst-wort1597

symphonia1597

wound-herb1597

leper's herb1600

all bones1633

schoenanth1633

nip1651

wound-shrub1659

hermodact1678

jusquiam1727

Algerian tea1728

Australian tea1728

strongback1739

silphium1753

belladonna1788

foxglove1801

ledum1822

yercum1826

lungs of oak1856

strong man's weed1864

conium1866

short-long1871

fever grass1875

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Silphium, the Herb Laserwort.]

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Laser When Cyrene no longer afforded the silphium, it was sought for in other places.

1781 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds II. 432 These, with the plant Silphium, were used to denote the country of Cyrene, where both were found.

1820 T. Mitchell in tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. 239 (note) The silphium, or herb Benjamin, was much used by the ancients in medicine.

1858 S. Birch Hist. Anc. Pottery I. 268 The subject of Arcesilaus..attended by the different officers of his stores, and watching the weighing of the silphium.

1869 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. 81 A trade by which Carthage obtained the commodities that she needed, wine, oil, dates, salt fish, silphium.

b. attributive, as silphium land, silphium plant, silphium-spice.

ΚΠ

1820 T. Mitchell tr. Aristophanes Knights in tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. 239 Do you remember, sir, when silphium-spice was sold so cheap?

1886 Guide Exhib. Galleries Brit. Mus. 189 Representations of what is thought to be the silphium plant—an early source of commerce in Cyrene.

1899 Macnaghten tr. Catullus vii, in Story of Catullus 28 As many grains as are of Libyan sand By rich Cyrene in the silphium land.

2. A genus of North American composite plants including the rosin-weed or compass plant and the prairie dock; a plant of this genus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > compass-plant or silphium

silphium1771

turpentine weed1819

rosinweed1831

resinweed1838

polar plant1842

compass-flower1847

compass-plant1848

cup-plant1848

pilot weed1848

turpentine shrub-

1771 Encycl. Brit. III. 602/1.

1800 J. Abercrombie Every Man his Own Gardener (ed. 16) 689/2 Silphium, bastard chrysanthemum.

1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia (at cited word) Jagged-leaved silphium... Broad-leaved silphium.

1846–50 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 336 Silphium Trifoliatum, Ternate-leaved Silphium.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	silphium
释义	silphiumn. /ˈsɪlfɪəm/ Etymology: Latin, < Greek σίλϕιον. 1. a. A plant of the Mediterranean region, yielding a gum resin or juice much valued by the ancients as a condiment or medicine; the juice obtained from this plant, also called laser n.¹The plant has been variously identified as Thapsia garganica or silphion, and Narthex silphium. It was largely cultivated for export at Cyrene on the north coast of Africa. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > other flavourings > [noun] saffronc1200 rorraa1500 fetida1588 balachong1699 gammon essence1706 ratafia1727 silphium1753 peppermint1811 Honduras sarsaparilla1818 oil of wintergreen1827 wintergreen oil1827 peppermint oil1850 apple oil1852 almond extract1865 duxelles1877 celery salt1897 gianduja1902 onion salt1925 garlic saltc1938 banoffi1994 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular tree or plant yielding useful gum or resin > [noun] > laser-tree laser-tree1626 silphium1753 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > specific plant hyssopc1000 sionc1000 tunhoofc1000 poppyOE camomilea1300 orobusa1398 tithymala1400 tutsana1400 Thapsiac1400 melissa?a1425 hallelujahc1425 turmeric1538 succory1541 balin1546 English treacle1548 treacle mustard1548 rhabarb1558 Thlaspi1562 treacle clover1562 holy herb1567 lungwort1578 solanum1578 lightwort1587 neezing wort1591 Alexander's Foot1597 burst-wort1597 symphonia1597 wound-herb1597 leper's herb1600 all bones1633 schoenanth1633 nip1651 wound-shrub1659 hermodact1678 jusquiam1727 Algerian tea1728 Australian tea1728 strongback1739 silphium1753 belladonna1788 foxglove1801 ledum1822 yercum1826 lungs of oak1856 strong man's weed1864 conium1866 short-long1871 fever grass1875 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Silphium, the Herb Laserwort.] 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Laser When Cyrene no longer afforded the silphium, it was sought for in other places. 1781 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds II. 432 These, with the plant Silphium, were used to denote the country of Cyrene, where both were found. 1820 T. Mitchell in tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. 239 (note) The silphium, or herb Benjamin, was much used by the ancients in medicine. 1858 S. Birch Hist. Anc. Pottery I. 268 The subject of Arcesilaus..attended by the different officers of his stores, and watching the weighing of the silphium. 1869 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. 81 A trade by which Carthage obtained the commodities that she needed, wine, oil, dates, salt fish, silphium. b. attributive, as silphium land, silphium plant, silphium-spice. ΚΠ 1820 T. Mitchell tr. Aristophanes Knights in tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. 239 Do you remember, sir, when silphium-spice was sold so cheap? 1886 Guide Exhib. Galleries Brit. Mus. 189 Representations of what is thought to be the silphium plant—an early source of commerce in Cyrene. 1899 Macnaghten tr. Catullus vii, in Story of Catullus 28 As many grains as are of Libyan sand By rich Cyrene in the silphium land. 2. A genus of North American composite plants including the rosin-weed or compass plant and the prairie dock; a plant of this genus. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > compass-plant or silphium silphium1771 turpentine weed1819 rosinweed1831 resinweed1838 polar plant1842 compass-flower1847 compass-plant1848 cup-plant1848 pilot weed1848 turpentine shrub- 1771 Encycl. Brit. III. 602/1. 1800 J. Abercrombie Every Man his Own Gardener (ed. 16) 689/2 Silphium, bastard chrysanthemum. 1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia (at cited word) Jagged-leaved silphium... Broad-leaved silphium. 1846–50 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 336 Silphium Trifoliatum, Ternate-leaved Silphium. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1753
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