rudimentaryadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌruːdᵻˈmɛnt(ə)ri/, U.S.

/ˌrudəˈmɛn(t)əri/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: rudiment n., -ary suffix¹.

Etymology: < rudiment n. + -ary suffix¹, perhaps after post-classical Latin rudimentarius elementary (a1542). Compare French rudimentaire (1789). Compare slightly earlier rudimental adj.

A. adj.

1. Relating to or connected with the rudiments of knowledge; basic, fundamental, essential.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [adjective] > rudimentary

elementary1552

alphabetary1569

elemental1577

rudimental1597

rudimentary1619

one-fingered1868

beginning1923

1619 D. Calderwood Perth Assembly 72 The observation of anniversarie dayes is of it selfe a rudimentary instruction.

1659 W. Retchford tr. D. Dickson Expos. St. Pauls Epist. To Rdr. sig. A3^v All Sciences have their introductions and rudimentary Preparatives, by which the learner may bee fitted and instructed to a farther and more researched knowledge of things.

1796 Evangelical Mag. Apr. 134 The Rev. P. Mills..learned the languages, and the rudimentary principles of general science.

1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe II. i. 35 They..put the rudimentary study of the languages on a better footing.

1865 A. Maffei Brigand Life II. 47 To declare publicly that it was not necessary to provide rudimentary instruction.

1911 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 37 20 These highly desirable ideals..must wait until we can bring ourselves to attend to..the rudimentary principles of community living.

1935 W. de la Mare Early one Morning 401 He found me ignorant of this very rudimentary fact, but informable.

1970 E. B. Glicksman & V. M. Jones in R. A. Chikota & M. C. Moran Riot in Cities 217 Most laymen, ignorant of their rights seek professional help, but the poor consumer lacks even this rudimentary knowledge.

2005 J. M. Budd Changing Acad. Libr. iv. 89 He [sc. Abraham Flexner] saw little distinction between the rudimentary education of entering students and the work that claimed to be at the graduate level.

2. Of the nature of an early stage of development or growth; undeveloped, immature, imperfect.

a. Of an immaterial thing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [adjective] > in early stages

buddinga1586

infant1594

embryon1613

embryous1628

inchoateda1631

inchoativea1631

crepusculous1646

rudimentary1648

rudimental1658

embryo1659

incipient1669

crepuscular1679

dawninga1700

initiant1740

germing1749

embryotic1761

germinal1804

embryonic1825

embryonary1833

inchoanta1876

adawn1881

1648 R. Weldon Doctr. Script. i. 100 The Donation unto David and his Seed,..the momentary and rudimentary Exemplification of that glorious Grace, which was therein demised and sealed to Christ for the Princes of the convert Gentiles.

1695 H. Ridley Anat. Brain Introd. sig. A7^v The Method and Order which Nature makes use of in..supplying a rudimentary delineation, or pre-existence of the whole.

1793 J. Scott Baptism Christ 180 All those rudimentary or elementary things which perish with the using.

1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece II. i. xx. 107 A scene in harmony with the rudimentary political fabric just described.

1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind iv. 75 A rudimentary form of word language.

1884 F. Temple Relations Relig. & Sci. (1885) ii. 59 To live by duty is in itself rudimentary religion.

1914 G. Galloway Philos. Relig. i. 62 The rudimentary idea is at first tied to the corresponding act, and is symptomatic, not determining. It is a crucial point in psychic evolution when these ideas are liberated from bondage to the specific reaction, and function as free memory-images.

1942 S. K. Langer Philos. in New Key (ed. 3) v. 115 The tendency to a symbolic transformation of experience..is not entirely wanting in the ape, though it is as rudimentary as the rest of his higher functions.

1990 R. Smith Nemesis iii. 25 Maggie was one of those people who lie so awkwardly, to whom the most rudimentary sort of subterfuge is a foreign language, the effort seems, to others, almost touching.

2001 Denver Post 18 Feb. a38/1 A few animal ‘whiz kids’ even demonstrate a rudimentary self-awareness and can handle abstract concepts.

b. Of a part of an animal or plant.

ΚΠ

1824 Edinb. Philos. Jrnl. 10 340 In most fishes, it [sc. the ciliary muscle] is completely rudimentary, and is reduced to a mere ligament.

1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum 9 At its middle is a rudimentary spinous process.

1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. vi. 216 The ‘perforated’ transverse processes of man's cervical vertebræ consist, in part, of rudimentary ribs.

1927 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 102 215 A varying number of rudimentary nephrostomes in connection with the nephric tubules are to be found.

2003 Sci. Amer. Mar. 62/2 A plumulaceous, or downy, feather has only a rudimentary rachis and a jumbled tuft of barbs.

c. Of a state or condition.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > unpreparedness > [adjective] > unready or immature

green?a1300

rawa1398

indigest1398

unmatured?a1425

unripea1500

unseasonable1515

unbuilded1519

inchoate1534

unripened1561

uncivil1572

unmellowed1573

unmanured1577

unblown1587

ungrown1593

unpolished1594

rudimental1597

rude1600

unsalted1602

unseasoned1602

unlicked1612

embryon1613

unbakeda1616

unbloweda1616

unfledged1615

unmellow1615

sappya1627

embryous1628

unconcocteda1631

unkneaded1633

immature1635

sucking1648

vacuous1651

embryo1659

unelaborate1663

unmature1673

unformed1689

undeveloped1736

infantile1772

uncultivated1796

unelaborated1817

fetal1820

embryotic1823

embryonic1825

embryonary1833

sophomoric1837

seedling1843

rudimentary1851

unwrought1869

juvenescent1875

vealy1890

under-developed1892

1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 25 In the attached bivalves it..exists only in a rudimentary state.

1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. ii. ii. 417 The embryo..contains within itself in a rudimentary condition all the essential organs of a plant.

1880 19th Cent. Apr. 617 Reducing to a rudimentary condition the eyes of..fish and crustacea.

1938 W. S. Churchill Into Battle (1941) 31 Why..are the Guards drilling with flags instead of machine-guns? Why is it that our small Territorial Army is in such a rudimentary condition?

1969 P. Delany Brit. Autobiogr. in 17th Cent. vii. 115 Except in religious thought the techniques and the language itself of self-analysis were still in a rudimentary state.

2008 S. C. Lubkemann Culture in Chaos i. 63 Paradoxically, the launching of the anticolonial war..brought new benefits and opportunities..in the form of significant infrastructural improvements, mostly to a road network whose previous rudimentary condition had presented a significant obstacle to commercial ventures.

B. n.

†1. A student engaged in learning the rudiments of a subject. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1660 C. Hoole New Discov. Old Art of teaching Schoole iii. iii. 207 The Scholars in the Grammar Schole may be fitly divided into six formes, whereof the three lowest..may be termed. 1. Rudimentaries, that learne the grounds [etc.].

2. In plural. The first principles or elements of a subject; = rudiment n. 1a. Frequently with of.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > rudiments

elements1382

ABCa1393

ground1528

introduction1532

principles1532

rudiments1534

institution1537

accidence1562

institute1578

alphabet1593

ut, re1598

gamut1600

Christ-cross-row1608

grammates1633

initiament1727

notion1839

propaedeutics1842

rudimentaries1852

1852 Times 21 May 2/2 (advt.) Shortly will follow, Rudimentaries, Civil Engineering, vol. 3.

1888 Trans. 38th Ann. Meeting Illinois State Med. Soc. 152 By these means he mastered the rudimentaries, and afterward studied in Dublin.

1906 Christian Faith & Life July 14 Conservatives make the return that the rudimentaries of the Pauline system are taken from the common apostolic storehouse.

1986 T. Murphy Bailegangaire i. 35 An ill-bred band of amadáns an' oinseachs, untutored in science, philosophy or the fundamental rudimentaries of elementary husbandry itself.

2004 P. F. Hamilton Pandora's Star xviii. 578 They had long since mastered the rudimentaries of tool use.

Derivatives

rudiˈmentariness n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > unpreparedness > [noun] > unreadiness or immaturity

rawnessOE

unripenessa1500

crudeness1541

greenness1574

immaturity1593

indigestion1630

rudeness1645

immatureness1665

inchoateness1845

crudity1870

inchoacy1871

rudimentariness1885

1885 S. O. Jewett Marsh Island ii. 22 The ill-development, the incompleteness and rudimentariness, of most members of the human race.

1899 W. James Talks to Students ii, in Talks to Teachers 233 No modern person ought to be willing to live a day in such a state of rudimentariness and denudation.

1943 M. Moore Let. 26 Dec. (1997) 443 One's reasoning is a strange thing; is really not reason, is a mingling of resistances, unperceptiveness, un-coordination and helplessness. You will pardon my rudimentariness.

1972 P. Hill Rural Hasusa 6 Tied up with this was the belief in the ‘rudimentariness’ of rural economic systems.

2006 F. Harmon Making Purpose Work vi. 167 While this convenience of certainty aids us in the routine and rudimentariness, it hinders us in the creation of the new.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rudimentary
释义	rudimentaryadj.n. Brit. /ˌruːdᵻˈmɛnt(ə)ri/, U.S. /ˌrudəˈmɛn(t)əri/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: rudiment n., -ary suffix¹. Etymology: < rudiment n. + -ary suffix¹, perhaps after post-classical Latin rudimentarius elementary (a1542). Compare French rudimentaire (1789). Compare slightly earlier rudimental adj. A. adj. 1. Relating to or connected with the rudiments of knowledge; basic, fundamental, essential. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [adjective] > rudimentary elementary1552 alphabetary1569 elemental1577 rudimental1597 rudimentary1619 one-fingered1868 beginning1923 1619 D. Calderwood Perth Assembly 72 The observation of anniversarie dayes is of it selfe a rudimentary instruction. 1659 W. Retchford tr. D. Dickson Expos. St. Pauls Epist. To Rdr. sig. A3^v All Sciences have their introductions and rudimentary Preparatives, by which the learner may bee fitted and instructed to a farther and more researched knowledge of things. 1796 Evangelical Mag. Apr. 134 The Rev. P. Mills..learned the languages, and the rudimentary principles of general science. 1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe II. i. 35 They..put the rudimentary study of the languages on a better footing. 1865 A. Maffei Brigand Life II. 47 To declare publicly that it was not necessary to provide rudimentary instruction. 1911 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 37 20 These highly desirable ideals..must wait until we can bring ourselves to attend to..the rudimentary principles of community living. 1935 W. de la Mare Early one Morning 401 He found me ignorant of this very rudimentary fact, but informable. 1970 E. B. Glicksman & V. M. Jones in R. A. Chikota & M. C. Moran Riot in Cities 217 Most laymen, ignorant of their rights seek professional help, but the poor consumer lacks even this rudimentary knowledge. 2005 J. M. Budd Changing Acad. Libr. iv. 89 He [sc. Abraham Flexner] saw little distinction between the rudimentary education of entering students and the work that claimed to be at the graduate level. 2. Of the nature of an early stage of development or growth; undeveloped, immature, imperfect. a. Of an immaterial thing. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [adjective] > in early stages buddinga1586 infant1594 embryon1613 embryous1628 inchoateda1631 inchoativea1631 crepusculous1646 rudimentary1648 rudimental1658 embryo1659 incipient1669 crepuscular1679 dawninga1700 initiant1740 germing1749 embryotic1761 germinal1804 embryonic1825 embryonary1833 inchoanta1876 adawn1881 1648 R. Weldon Doctr. Script. i. 100 The Donation unto David and his Seed,..the momentary and rudimentary Exemplification of that glorious Grace, which was therein demised and sealed to Christ for the Princes of the convert Gentiles. 1695 H. Ridley Anat. Brain Introd. sig. A7^v The Method and Order which Nature makes use of in..supplying a rudimentary delineation, or pre-existence of the whole. 1793 J. Scott Baptism Christ 180 All those rudimentary or elementary things which perish with the using. 1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece II. i. xx. 107 A scene in harmony with the rudimentary political fabric just described. 1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind iv. 75 A rudimentary form of word language. 1884 F. Temple Relations Relig. & Sci. (1885) ii. 59 To live by duty is in itself rudimentary religion. 1914 G. Galloway Philos. Relig. i. 62 The rudimentary idea is at first tied to the corresponding act, and is symptomatic, not determining. It is a crucial point in psychic evolution when these ideas are liberated from bondage to the specific reaction, and function as free memory-images. 1942 S. K. Langer Philos. in New Key (ed. 3) v. 115 The tendency to a symbolic transformation of experience..is not entirely wanting in the ape, though it is as rudimentary as the rest of his higher functions. 1990 R. Smith Nemesis iii. 25 Maggie was one of those people who lie so awkwardly, to whom the most rudimentary sort of subterfuge is a foreign language, the effort seems, to others, almost touching. 2001 Denver Post 18 Feb. a38/1 A few animal ‘whiz kids’ even demonstrate a rudimentary self-awareness and can handle abstract concepts. b. Of a part of an animal or plant. ΚΠ 1824 Edinb. Philos. Jrnl. 10 340 In most fishes, it [sc. the ciliary muscle] is completely rudimentary, and is reduced to a mere ligament. 1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum 9 At its middle is a rudimentary spinous process. 1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. vi. 216 The ‘perforated’ transverse processes of man's cervical vertebræ consist, in part, of rudimentary ribs. 1927 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 102 215 A varying number of rudimentary nephrostomes in connection with the nephric tubules are to be found. 2003 Sci. Amer. Mar. 62/2 A plumulaceous, or downy, feather has only a rudimentary rachis and a jumbled tuft of barbs. c. Of a state or condition. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > unpreparedness > [adjective] > unready or immature green?a1300 rawa1398 indigest1398 unmatured?a1425 unripea1500 unseasonable1515 unbuilded1519 inchoate1534 unripened1561 uncivil1572 unmellowed1573 unmanured1577 unblown1587 ungrown1593 unpolished1594 rudimental1597 rude1600 unsalted1602 unseasoned1602 unlicked1612 embryon1613 unbakeda1616 unbloweda1616 unfledged1615 unmellow1615 sappya1627 embryous1628 unconcocteda1631 unkneaded1633 immature1635 sucking1648 vacuous1651 embryo1659 unelaborate1663 unmature1673 unformed1689 undeveloped1736 infantile1772 uncultivated1796 unelaborated1817 fetal1820 embryotic1823 embryonic1825 embryonary1833 sophomoric1837 seedling1843 rudimentary1851 unwrought1869 juvenescent1875 vealy1890 under-developed1892 1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 25 In the attached bivalves it..exists only in a rudimentary state. 1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. ii. ii. 417 The embryo..contains within itself in a rudimentary condition all the essential organs of a plant. 1880 19th Cent. Apr. 617 Reducing to a rudimentary condition the eyes of..fish and crustacea. 1938 W. S. Churchill Into Battle (1941) 31 Why..are the Guards drilling with flags instead of machine-guns? Why is it that our small Territorial Army is in such a rudimentary condition? 1969 P. Delany Brit. Autobiogr. in 17th Cent. vii. 115 Except in religious thought the techniques and the language itself of self-analysis were still in a rudimentary state. 2008 S. C. Lubkemann Culture in Chaos i. 63 Paradoxically, the launching of the anticolonial war..brought new benefits and opportunities..in the form of significant infrastructural improvements, mostly to a road network whose previous rudimentary condition had presented a significant obstacle to commercial ventures. B. n. †1. A student engaged in learning the rudiments of a subject. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1660 C. Hoole New Discov. Old Art of teaching Schoole iii. iii. 207 The Scholars in the Grammar Schole may be fitly divided into six formes, whereof the three lowest..may be termed. 1. Rudimentaries, that learne the grounds [etc.]. 2. In plural. The first principles or elements of a subject; = rudiment n. 1a. Frequently with of. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > rudiments elements1382 ABCa1393 ground1528 introduction1532 principles1532 rudiments1534 institution1537 accidence1562 institute1578 alphabet1593 ut, re1598 gamut1600 Christ-cross-row1608 grammates1633 initiament1727 notion1839 propaedeutics1842 rudimentaries1852 1852 Times 21 May 2/2 (advt.) Shortly will follow, Rudimentaries, Civil Engineering, vol. 3. 1888 Trans. 38th Ann. Meeting Illinois State Med. Soc. 152 By these means he mastered the rudimentaries, and afterward studied in Dublin. 1906 Christian Faith & Life July 14 Conservatives make the return that the rudimentaries of the Pauline system are taken from the common apostolic storehouse. 1986 T. Murphy Bailegangaire i. 35 An ill-bred band of amadáns an' oinseachs, untutored in science, philosophy or the fundamental rudimentaries of elementary husbandry itself. 2004 P. F. Hamilton Pandora's Star xviii. 578 They had long since mastered the rudimentaries of tool use. Derivatives rudiˈmentariness n. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > unpreparedness > [noun] > unreadiness or immaturity rawnessOE unripenessa1500 crudeness1541 greenness1574 immaturity1593 indigestion1630 rudeness1645 immatureness1665 inchoateness1845 crudity1870 inchoacy1871 rudimentariness1885 1885 S. O. Jewett Marsh Island ii. 22 The ill-development, the incompleteness and rudimentariness, of most members of the human race. 1899 W. James Talks to Students ii, in Talks to Teachers 233 No modern person ought to be willing to live a day in such a state of rudimentariness and denudation. 1943 M. Moore Let. 26 Dec. (1997) 443 One's reasoning is a strange thing; is really not reason, is a mingling of resistances, unperceptiveness, un-coordination and helplessness. You will pardon my rudimentariness. 1972 P. Hill Rural Hasusa 6 Tied up with this was the belief in the ‘rudimentariness’ of rural economic systems. 2006 F. Harmon Making Purpose Work vi. 167 While this convenience of certainty aids us in the routine and rudimentariness, it hinders us in the creation of the new. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1619
随便看	to let something walk to let stand to let take one's back hair down to let take one's hair down to let the cat out of the bag to let the dog see the rabbit to let the genie out of the bottle to let the good times roll to let the grass grow under one's feet to let the grass grow under one's heels to let the side down to let the sun go down on to let the sun go down on someone to let the sun go down on something to let the sun go set on to let the sun go set on someone to let the sun go set on something to let the sun shine through to let the sun shine through oneself to let the world slide to let the world wag to let the world wag as it will to let things fall as they etc to let things fall as they may to let things fall as they will