roundern.²

Brit.

/ˈraʊndə/, U.S.

/ˈraʊndər/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: round n.¹, -er suffix¹; round v.², -er suffix¹; round adj., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: Partly < round n.¹ + -er suffix¹, partly < round v.² + -er suffix¹, and partly < round adj. + -er suffix¹.

I. Senses relating to making a tour, circuit, etc.

a. A person appointed to patrol and inspect sentries, guards, or watchmen. In early use chiefly Military. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier with special duty > [noun] > guard > sentry

waitc1325

watchc1380

sentinel1579

century1585

rounder1596

sentry1632

vedette1690

1596 G. Markham Poem of Poems sig. D. 2^v The Citties rounders, Watchmen of our towne.

1624 T. Lushington Serm. i. 41 In our modern Wars..sometime the Rounder will clap a musket-shot through a sleepy head.

1650 R. Elton Compl. Body Art Mil. (1659) 188 Severall Rounders..are..to admonish the Sentinels (in case of neglect).

1672 T. Venn Mil. & Maritine Discipline 5 And upon his return there are four other Rounders to be sent twice in a night, to discover round the quarters.

1728 H. Bridges tr. M. de Cervantes Coll. Select Novels iii. 191 These Dogs carry each a Lantern, when these Rounders are oblig'd to walk by Night.

1770 Gentleman's Mag. 40 369 The boundary of the dockyard..visited once if not oftener in the night by the Rounders (those who have the immediate superintending of the watchmen).

1800 Let. 5 Aug. in Mariner's Mirror (1950) 36 93 The Rounders will see that they embark without..delay.

1830 Times 22 Mar. 4/3 Their appointment to guard the stores as watchmen and rounders (or superintendents of the watchmen), took place in consequence of the previous good characters which they bore.

2004 J. Gwyn Ashore & Afloat ii. vi. 142 Only the rounder, in whose territory the gate was located, had the authority to order its opening.

b. English regional (Cornwall). An itinerant Methodist preacher. Now rare.

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society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > preacher > [noun] > Methodist itinerant

rounder1809

circuit-preacher1830

rider1831

circuit-rider1837

1809 Anti-Jacobin Rev. & Mag. Aug. 428 The necessity of the meeting-house would thus have been precluded, and the rounder would have been anticipated in his labour of love.

1820 R. Polwhele Introd. Lavington's Enthus. Method. & Papists p. lxxxviii Many..prefer..even the Rounder, whether male or female,..to the accredited and licensed Minister.

1893 ‘Q’ Delectable Duchy 116 On Sundays he..became a Rounder, or Methodist local preacher.

c. English regional. An itinerant labourer; = roundsman n. 1. Now rare.

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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > itinerant labourer

roundsman1795

rounder1817

roundman1827

row-man1840

mud-dauber1866

stiff1899

migratory worker1915

migrant worker1923

1817 Rep. Select Comm. on Poor Laws VI. 81 What is your opinion of the alternative of finding work?—We send them as rounders, and in a few weeks they disappear.

1896 Leeds Mercury 10 Oct. 9/7 Rounder, an irregular worker who went ‘round’ among the farmers, staying a week or so at one place... A term in use about Pontefract and Doncaster fifty or sixty years ago.

d. North American. A person who is frequently imprisoned, or who frequents disreputable bars, nightclubs, etc.; a habitual criminal, idler, or drunkard. Also figurative.

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the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > criminality > criminal person > [noun] > hardened

hard case1842

rounder1854

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > habitual criminal

old offender1817

hard case1842

recidive1853

recidivist1867

repeater1873

rounder1891

1854 Congress. Globe 33rd Congress 1st Sess. App. 1220/3 I have always found him a very kind and agreeable man—what the ‘rounders’ in New York would term a ‘glover’.

1879 Let. 20 Oct. in J. F. Daly Life A. Daly (1917) xxi. 330 [We] are old ‘rounders’ and familiar with the voice, gait and peculiarities of most of the actors and actresses on the American stage.

1891 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 7 July 2/4 The regular rounders who are beginning to receive long sentences under the new drunkenness law.

1935 Z. N. Hurston Mules & Men i. iv. 93 ‘What make de rooster crow every morning at sun-up?’ ‘Dat's to let de pimps and rounders know de workin' man is on his way.’

1962 ‘K. Orvis’ Damned & Destroyed iv. 29 An all-night dive patronized by cheap women and rounders and drunks.

2002 Spectator (Hamilton, Ont.) (Nexis) 10 Jan. A03 There are people on King Street, rounders and workers alike, moving briskly along the neat sidewalk.

e. U.S. slang. A person who repeatedly seeks free medical attention or similar charity. Now historical.

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the world > health and disease > healing > patient > [noun] > seeking treatment

rounder1880

doctor shopper1961

1880 Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc. 31 999 This Territorial Distribution would secure..an avoidance of overlapping in the registration and treatment of Beneficiaries, and the checking of the so-called Rounders on Medical Charities.

1901 Med. Communications Mass. Med. Soc. 18 119 The class of persons known in institutions' departments as ‘rounders’, people who go from one hospital to another seeking advice and treatment, a species of medical mendicants.

1988 R. H. Bremner Amer. Philanthropy (ed. 2) vi. 94 During the depression charitable societies in the larger cities made some efforts to cooperate in detecting imposters and rounders.

f. U.S. slang. An itinerant railway worker. Now rare.

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society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > transient

rounder1908

1908 Casey Jones (song) in Railroad Man's Mag. May 764/1 Come all you rounders, for I want you to hear The story told of an engineer, Casey Jones was the rounder's name, A heavy right-wheeler of a mighty fame.

1939 F. J. Lee Casey Jones 287 The word ‘rounder’ as applied to Casey must be taken as a light, affectionate appellation.

1961 Listener 24 Aug. 270/2 His was a six-pipe job whose moans sent every coloured ‘rounder’ from Chicago to New Orleans into ecstasies.

a. In plural ( rounders) with singular agreement. An outdoor ball game played between two sides on a field of (usually four) bases, in which each player attempts to strike an underarm delivery of the ball with a cylindrical bat (formerly occasionally one of flatter design) and score a run or point by completing a circuit of the field.Rounders is one of a family of closely related bat-and-ball games that arose in England in the 18th cent. under the name base ball. The modern American game baseball is also a member of this family (see baseball n. 1; also softball n. 1).The word is not used in the United States.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > games similar to baseball > [noun]

baseball1748

pat-ball1775

town ball1813

stickball1824

rounders1828

roundball1834

feeder1844

one-old-cat1856

softball1867

one-eyed cat1908

vigoroc1930

slow-pitch1934

fast-pitch1939

stoop ball1941

fastball1943

lob ball1949

whiffle-ball1954

Wiffle ball1955

T-ball1962

1828 Boy's Own Bk. (ed. 2) (ed. 2, London) 20 Rounders. In the west of England this is one of the most favourite sports with bat and ball... In Rounders, the players divide into two equal parties, and chance decides which shall have the first innings.

1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports 500/1 Rounders, besides an ordinary field, requires only a ball and a stick resembling a common rolling-pin.

1862 Dublin Univ. Mag. 1 642 What schoolboy has not played rounders in his youth?

1905 E. M. Graham Canad. Girl in S. Afr. viii. 108 Only the larger ones were allowed to play cricket, hockey or tennis, the smaller ones having rounders and basket-ball.

1977 Cleethorpes News 27 May 18/1 In addition to exploring the mines, they played rounders among the sheep on the hillside.

2008 M. Scott Crystal Skull xi. 113 She paced the length of the window,..watching students play rounders in the sun on the Common.

b. A run or point in this game.

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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > games similar to baseball > [noun] > complete circuit

rounder1844

1844 S. Williams Boy's Treasury Sports 18 In other places, it is the custom when two or three are out, if one player can obtain the rounder three times, for the player who was struck out first, to come in again.

1898 A. B. Gomme Trad. Games II. 146 When a complete rounder is obtained, the player has the privilege of..counting the rounder to the credit of his side.

1915 F. H. Cheley & G. C. Baker Camp & Outing Activities 66 These bases should be about fifteen or twenty yards apart; this is about right to prevent a ‘rounder’ or entire circuit of the bases being too easily accomplished.

1998 R. Childs Take Run & Jump 50 Before their batting time was up, the captain added another full rounder to the score.

II. Something which is round.

3. A round tower. Cf. roundel n. 9. Now historical and rare.

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society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > tower or watch-tower

towerc897

bastillec1400

bastillion1525

cavalier1562

commander1572

torrion1572

mount1590

sentinel1600

sentry1611

cat1628

torne1637

rondel1686

rounder1774

Martello tower1803

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > turret > of specific shape

roundel1633

pepperbox1763

rounder1774

pepperpot1838

pepper castor1855

1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 I. 99 On each side the gateway..are two rounders.

1782 T. Pennant Journey Chester to London 11 A strong wall fortified with round towers... Some of the walls, and about six or seven rounders, still exist.

1812 J. Evans Beauties Eng. & Wales XVII. i. 900 [Harlech castle] exhibits..elegant machicolated turrets, issuing out of the large rounders, similar to those of Caernarvon and Conwy.

1833 G. N. Wright Scenes in North Wales 41 The suspension bridge at Conway is thrown from the foot of the southern tower to a small island in the river, the suspension piers corresponding in design with the rounders of the castle occasion little interruption to the harmony of the whole.

1985 J. Tarr Golden Horn xxviii. 197 It was the same long line, each of the forty great rounders mounted with a tower.

4. slang. A roundhouse punch or blow; = roundhouse n. 6b. Also figurative. Now rare.

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the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific thing > [noun] > with the hand > swinging or sweeping

rounder1875

round-hander1887

swing1908

haymaker1912

roundhouse1932

1875 R. F. Burton Ultima Thule 357 One of the couthless Calibans from the country..slipped up behind one of them and hit him a rounder, in popular parlance a ‘regular slogdolager’.

1883 C. Reade in Harper's Mag. Dec. 132/1 The carter,..while endeavoring a tremendous rounder,..received a dazzler with the left.

2000 F. Gaysek Young Man 137 Love is a rounder to the temple.

†5. slang. A strong expletive. Cf. round adj. 21a. Obsolete. rare.

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the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [noun]

oatha1225

hunting oath1570

forbode1575

exorcism1601

expletive1647

rapper1675

oathlet1835

expletion1836

emphatic1868

swear1871

rounder1885

the mind > goodness and badness > state of being accursed > curse > [noun] > as everyday imprecation

oatha1225

malisonc1300

reproach1485

thunderbolt1559

revilement1577

thunder-crack1577

revile1579

ban1590

wish1597

thunder-clap1610

expletive1647

rapper1675

cuss1771

winze1786

Goddammit1800

goddam1828

dirty word1842

blank1854

emphatic1868

swear1871

sailor's blessing1876

blessing1878

goldarn1879

swear-word1883

rounder1885

curse-word1897

dang1906

sailor's farewell1937

1885 R. C. Praed Head Station I. vii. 120 Though we can all swear a rounder in the stockyard or on the drafting camp.

6. Canadian regional (Newfoundland). A small cod which has been gutted, salted, and dried without being split.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > cod

cod1357

codfisha1399

cod's head1545

New-land fish1580

bank fish1584

Newfoundland fish1589

water horse1777

coddiea1870

rounder1907

1907 C. W. Townsend Along Labrador Coast v. 132 The very small cod are not boned, but are salted whole. These are called ‘leggies’ or ‘rounders’.

1966 A. R. Scammell My Newfoundland 32 School fees could not be put on the account and the schoolmaster wouldn't accept fish, tomcods or rounders.

1974 National Geographic Jan. 129/2 We dined sumptuously on native dishes..‘rounders’ (baby cod, salted and dried whole like kippers, and boiled for breakfast).

1992 B. Morgan Random Passage ix. 115 One day it'd be a pile of quilts to take over to Aunt Edwina Hounsell, another time she made Clyde take a yaffle of rounders across to old Mrs. Pike.

2007 G. L. Saunders Free Wind Home 194 Two or three dozen rounders—small cod—and several meals of fresh fish and brewis later, my father would be gone.

III. A person who or thing which rounds.

a. Mining. A tool used to round off a hole in boring. Now rare.

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society > occupation and work > equipment > piercing or boring tools > [noun] > boring tool > other boring tools

piel1808

rounder1839

French bit1875

German bit1875

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 966 The boring tools are represented in the following figures:—..10. The rounder.

1869 G. C. Greenwell Pract. Treat. Mine Engin. (ed. 2) 139 The rounder resembles a bèche externally, but it is solid and well steeled at the bottom.

1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Rounder, a boring tool used for breaking or cutting off any projection which may have occurred in the hole.

1908 R. A. S. Redmayne Mod. Pract. Mining I. iv. 86 Rounders..are used to break off any irregularities which may have been occasioned by careless boring.

b. Woodworking. A type of plane used for making rounded edges; = rounding plane at rounding n.³ Compounds 1.

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society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > other general shaping equipment

runner1769

mandrel1790

swage1812

rounder1846

crimper1855

rougher1867

1846 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. II. 642 A rod of wood..reduced to a cylinder by a rounder or witchet.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1994/2 Rounder,..a plane used by wheelwrights for rounding off tenons.

1901 P. N. Hasluck Wood Turner's Handybk. ii. 30 Rounding planes, or rounders, are used to make cylindrical rods.

1993 Woodworker June 22/2 The rounding plane or ‘rounder’ is used to produce cylindrical lengths of wood, similar to dowels without the need for a lathe.

8. A person whose job involves rounding; esp. (Shoemaking) one who rounds shoe leather. Now rare.

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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > worker performing process or spec. task > [noun] > who shapes > specific shape

squarer1422

bower1579

baller1825

fluter1858

beveller?1881

rounder?1881

slabber1921

?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 40 Bookbinding:..Rounder.

1889 Daily News 23 Dec. 2/6 The manufacturers determined..to suspend clickers, machinists, and rough stuff cutters, and the rounders and finishers.

1894 Gloss. Terms Evid. Royal Comm. Labour 68/2 in Parl. Papers 1893–4 (C. 7063–VC) XXXVIII. 411 Rounders, a country expression for the youths in the boot and shoe industry who cannot be trusted to cut the best materials, and who therefore cut such materials as common outsides, fittings, and linings. In London they are termed improvers.

1907 Times 11 Oct. 16/5 After a long discussion, the manufacturers agreed to the minimum wage as existing in Bristol—namely, 28s. per week for clickers, rounders, and finishers, and 25s. for pressmen.

1923 Bull. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics No. 324 2 The occupational averages for females ranged from $13.04 for outsole or insole rounders to $23.75 for binders.

†9. British slang. A person who rounds on others; an informer. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > informing on or against > [noun] > informer

wrayerc1000

wrobberc1300

discoverera1400

denunciator1474

informer1503

denouncer1533

detector1541

delatora1572

sycophant1579

inquisitor1580

scout1585

finger man1596

emphanista1631

quadruplator1632

informant1645

eastee-man1681

whiddler1699

runner1724

stag1725

snitch1785

qui tam1788

squeak1795

split1819

clype1825

telegraph1825

snitcher1827

Jack Nasty1837

pigeon1847

booker1863

squealer1865

pig1874

rounder1884

sneak1886

mouse1890

finger1899

fizgig1902

screamer1902

squeaker1903

canary1912

shopper1924

narker1932

snurge1933

cheese eater1935

singer1935

tip-off1941

top-off1941

tout1959

rat fink1961

whistle-blower1970

1884 Good Words June 399/2 ‘Rounders’—that is, informers—..will quietly give ‘the tip’ to a detective.

†10. Phonetics. A symbol used to indicate the rounding of a vowel. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > [noun] > phonetic transcription > phonetic symbols

sheva1582

quantity mark1860

breathing1864

stress mark1881

rounder1888

polygraph1893

shadda1896

modifier1899

length-mark1926

shift-sign1939

agma1957

1888 H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds (new ed.) 2 When a mid vowel is formed with the rounding of a high vowel, it is said to be over-rounded, which is denoted by adding the ‘rounder’.

†IV. Something that is a round.

11. A round of thanks or applause; = round n.¹ 32. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > gratitude > [noun] > thanks > a round of

rounder1881

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > [noun] > an act or burst of

plaudite1573

plaudiat1584

plaudit1600

applaudit1606

salvoa1734

ovation1785

round1794

Kentish fire1834

rounder1881

bualadh bos1908

1881 R. D. Blackmore Christowell xxxiii, in Good Words 22 583/1 Mrs. Cork..was off, amid a rounder of ‘Thank'e, ma'am; thank'e’.

V. Senses relating to a period of time.

12. With prefixed ordinal number.

a. Theosophy. A person having attributes and faculties associated with a specified cosmic round. Cf. round n.¹ 20c.

ΚΠ

1883 A. P. Sinnett Esoteric Buddhism 118 A man may also be born a fifth rounder, though in the midst of fourth round humanity, by virtue of the total number of his previous incarnations.

1889 R. Kipling In Black & White (ed. 2) 70 When a man is a ‘fifth-rounder’ he can do more than Slade and Houdin combined.

1930 Theosophical Q. July 53 All such prematurely developed intellects (on the spiritual plane) in our Race are abnormal; they are those whom we call the ‘Fifth-Rounders’.

1995 K. P. Johnson Initiates of Theosophical Masters iii. 147 Many creative geniuses are defined as fifth rounders, while Gautama Buddha is the only sixth rounder named in the Mahatma Letters.

b. Sport (originally U.S.). A match belonging to a specified round of a competition. Also: a person taking part in such a match.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] > game or definite spell of play > specific one of series

heata1663

rubber game1793

round1837

rubber match1843

tie-match1864

final1880

postseason1882

semi-final1884

preliminary1886

cup-tie1895

play-off1895

tie1895

leg1899

repechage1899

qualifier1908

quarter-final1916

playdown1918

rounder1918

go-around1933

quick death1938

semi1942

pretrial1946

quarter1950

barrage1955

tie-breaker1961

semi-main1968

tie-break1970

breaker1979

1918 Chicago Tribune 18 Aug. ii. 4/6 Art Hubbell..had to struggle to beat the veteran Bob England at Sherwood, 6–4, 6–3, in another well fought second rounder.

1932 Evening Huronite (S. Dakota) 5 July 9/2 Dick Berg and Bill Musolf are the only first rounders not yet winding up their match.

1946 Independent-Record (Helena, Montana) 3 Sept. 7/6 Today's other fourth rounder saw Billy Talbert..facing Earl Cochell of Los Angeles.

1966 Black Belt Feb. 25/1 Canada's Philip Wronski snared his first rounder with an ippon (full-point) over New Zealand's Oostermann.

2008 P. Sampras & P. Bodo Champion's Mind (2009) x. 254 I was shocked and angered when I heard that Alan had put me on Court 2 for the second-rounder against Bastl.

c. Chiefly North American Sport. A player selected in a specified round of a draft. Cf. draft n. Additions.In quot. 1955 with prefixed numeral indicating the specified number of rounds in the draft.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > other players

server1585

free agent1649

benchwarmer1662

puncher1681

sticker1779

hard hitter1790

hitter1813

go-devil1835

beneficiaire1841

colt1846

heavyweight1857

stayer1862

left-hander1864

attack1869

cap1879

international1882

roadman1886

big leaguer1887

homester1887

sand lotter1887

badger1890

internationalist1892

repeater1893

anchorman1895

grandstander1896

stylist1897

homebrew1903

letterman1905

toss-loser1906

fouler1908

rookie1908

mudder1912

sharpshooter1912

pro-amateur1919

receiver1919

southpaw1925

freestyler1927

hotshot1927

active1931

all-timer1936

iceman1936

wild card1940

scrambler1954

rounder1955

franchise1957

call-up1960

trialist1960

non-import1964

sandbagger1965

rebel1982

wide-body1986

1955 Washington Post 28 Nov. 14/6 Only three rounders, in addition to the bonus pick, will be chosen at this unique draft meeting.

1965 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant 28 Nov. 2 c/3 (heading) First rounders sign.

1986 Baseball Digest Aug. 59/2 Lots of times, your best draft choice is a third- through eighth-rounder... A first rounder often doesn't improve that much.

2004 J. Collins Last Best League (2005) x. 192 The question was whether he was a $2 million first-round selection, or a $700,000 second-rounder, or a $400,000 third-rounder.

13. Originally U.S. Boxing. With prefixed numeral. A match planned to have the specified number of rounds. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > bout or contest > types of

catchweight1723

prizefight1724

defence1855

preliminary1886

rounder1887

title fight1901

title bout1907

eliminator1911

weight1914

slug-fest1916

undercard1926

box-off1967

1887 Boston Daily Globe 29 Apr. (Evening ed.) 3/5 The opening bout was a three-rounder between Frank Faber of Brockton and Jimmy Silvey of Boston.

1942 Billboard 22 Aug. 72/3 The fight, a 10-rounder, ended in a draw.

1973 W. Henderson King of Gorbals ix. 52 Now, Benny, if you do this last fight for me—it's only a ten rounder—I won't be forgetting it.

1985 Black Belt Jan. 105/3 Merriman..said the athlete is defenseless in this political 15-rounder.

2000 K. Karter & G. Mezger Compl. Idiot's Guide to Kickboxing xiv. 203 For the training sessions below, you'll be fighting a five rounder.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rounder
释义	† roundern.¹ Forms: α. Old English runere, early Middle English runer (as surname), Middle English rouner, Middle English rownere, Middle English–1500s rowner; Scottish pre-1700 rounar, pre-1700 rownar, pre-1700 rowner. β. Scottish pre-1700 roundar, pre-1700 rounder. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch rūner , ruyner , rūnaer , Middle Low German rūner , Old High German rūnari (Middle High German rūnære , German Rauner ) < the Germanic base of round v.¹ + the Germanic base of -er suffix¹.Also attested early as a surname: Ricardus Runer (1223). Obsolete (Scottish in later use). A person who spreads rumours or gossip, esp. in a quiet and secretive manner; a tattler, a whisperer.ear-rounder: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > rumour > [noun] > tale-bearer rounderOE blabc1374 tale-teller1377 clatterer1388 tittlerc1400 talebearer1478 whisterer1519 whisperer1547 telltale1548 tattler1549 clatterfart1552 tale-carrier1552 babbler?1555 gossip1566 gossiper1568 carry-tale1577 mumble-news1598 twitter1598 buzzer1604 blob-talea1670 gadabout1757 tell-pie1771 circulator1792 clype1825 windjammer1880 tattle-tale1889 panta1908 clatfarta1930 OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 217 Susurro ic runige..and hic susurro ðes runere oþþe wroht. a1425 (?a1400) Cloud of Unknowing (Harl. 674) (1944) 130 Fleschly iangelers, glosers & blamers, roukers & rouners..kept I neuer þat þei sawe þis book. 1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) v. iv. sig. mij/2 A preuy rowner, that pryuely telleth false tales amonges the people. a1500 (?1388) in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) I. 271 Rowners and flatreres. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 687 (MED) Rowners, uagaboundes, forgers of lesynges. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 150 With..rownaris [a1586 rowneris] of fals lesingis. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. xxiii. f. 69 Of thame yat ar quysperaris, rowkaris & rounaris. 1609 S. Grahame Anat. Humors f.42 Woe be to seditious tail-tellers, to leying lippes, to harkners and rounders. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020). roundern.² Brit. /ˈraʊndə/, U.S. /ˈraʊndər/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: round n.¹, -er suffix¹; round v.², -er suffix¹; round adj., -er suffix¹. Etymology: Partly < round n.¹ + -er suffix¹, partly < round v.² + -er suffix¹, and partly < round adj. + -er suffix¹. I. Senses relating to making a tour, circuit, etc. 1. a. A person appointed to patrol and inspect sentries, guards, or watchmen. In early use chiefly Military. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier with special duty > [noun] > guard > sentry waitc1325 watchc1380 sentinel1579 century1585 rounder1596 sentry1632 vedette1690 1596 G. Markham Poem of Poems sig. D. 2^v The Citties rounders, Watchmen of our towne. 1624 T. Lushington Serm. i. 41 In our modern Wars..sometime the Rounder will clap a musket-shot through a sleepy head. 1650 R. Elton Compl. Body Art Mil. (1659) 188 Severall Rounders..are..to admonish the Sentinels (in case of neglect). 1672 T. Venn Mil. & Maritine Discipline 5 And upon his return there are four other Rounders to be sent twice in a night, to discover round the quarters. 1728 H. Bridges tr. M. de Cervantes Coll. Select Novels iii. 191 These Dogs carry each a Lantern, when these Rounders are oblig'd to walk by Night. 1770 Gentleman's Mag. 40 369 The boundary of the dockyard..visited once if not oftener in the night by the Rounders (those who have the immediate superintending of the watchmen). 1800 Let. 5 Aug. in Mariner's Mirror (1950) 36 93 The Rounders will see that they embark without..delay. 1830 Times 22 Mar. 4/3 Their appointment to guard the stores as watchmen and rounders (or superintendents of the watchmen), took place in consequence of the previous good characters which they bore. 2004 J. Gwyn Ashore & Afloat ii. vi. 142 Only the rounder, in whose territory the gate was located, had the authority to order its opening. b. English regional (Cornwall). An itinerant Methodist preacher. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > preacher > [noun] > Methodist itinerant rounder1809 circuit-preacher1830 rider1831 circuit-rider1837 1809 Anti-Jacobin Rev. & Mag. Aug. 428 The necessity of the meeting-house would thus have been precluded, and the rounder would have been anticipated in his labour of love. 1820 R. Polwhele Introd. Lavington's Enthus. Method. & Papists p. lxxxviii Many..prefer..even the Rounder, whether male or female,..to the accredited and licensed Minister. 1893 ‘Q’ Delectable Duchy 116 On Sundays he..became a Rounder, or Methodist local preacher. c. English regional. An itinerant labourer; = roundsman n. 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > itinerant labourer roundsman1795 rounder1817 roundman1827 row-man1840 mud-dauber1866 stiff1899 migratory worker1915 migrant worker1923 1817 Rep. Select Comm. on Poor Laws VI. 81 What is your opinion of the alternative of finding work?—We send them as rounders, and in a few weeks they disappear. 1896 Leeds Mercury 10 Oct. 9/7 Rounder, an irregular worker who went ‘round’ among the farmers, staying a week or so at one place... A term in use about Pontefract and Doncaster fifty or sixty years ago. d. North American. A person who is frequently imprisoned, or who frequents disreputable bars, nightclubs, etc.; a habitual criminal, idler, or drunkard. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > criminality > criminal person > [noun] > hardened hard case1842 rounder1854 society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > habitual criminal old offender1817 hard case1842 recidive1853 recidivist1867 repeater1873 rounder1891 1854 Congress. Globe 33rd Congress 1st Sess. App. 1220/3 I have always found him a very kind and agreeable man—what the ‘rounders’ in New York would term a ‘glover’. 1879 Let. 20 Oct. in J. F. Daly Life A. Daly (1917) xxi. 330 [We] are old ‘rounders’ and familiar with the voice, gait and peculiarities of most of the actors and actresses on the American stage. 1891 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 7 July 2/4 The regular rounders who are beginning to receive long sentences under the new drunkenness law. 1935 Z. N. Hurston Mules & Men i. iv. 93 ‘What make de rooster crow every morning at sun-up?’ ‘Dat's to let de pimps and rounders know de workin' man is on his way.’ 1962 ‘K. Orvis’ Damned & Destroyed iv. 29 An all-night dive patronized by cheap women and rounders and drunks. 2002 Spectator (Hamilton, Ont.) (Nexis) 10 Jan. A03 There are people on King Street, rounders and workers alike, moving briskly along the neat sidewalk. e. U.S. slang. A person who repeatedly seeks free medical attention or similar charity. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > patient > [noun] > seeking treatment rounder1880 doctor shopper1961 1880 Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc. 31 999 This Territorial Distribution would secure..an avoidance of overlapping in the registration and treatment of Beneficiaries, and the checking of the so-called Rounders on Medical Charities. 1901 Med. Communications Mass. Med. Soc. 18 119 The class of persons known in institutions' departments as ‘rounders’, people who go from one hospital to another seeking advice and treatment, a species of medical mendicants. 1988 R. H. Bremner Amer. Philanthropy (ed. 2) vi. 94 During the depression charitable societies in the larger cities made some efforts to cooperate in detecting imposters and rounders. f. U.S. slang. An itinerant railway worker. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > transient rounder1908 1908 Casey Jones (song) in Railroad Man's Mag. May 764/1 Come all you rounders, for I want you to hear The story told of an engineer, Casey Jones was the rounder's name, A heavy right-wheeler of a mighty fame. 1939 F. J. Lee Casey Jones 287 The word ‘rounder’ as applied to Casey must be taken as a light, affectionate appellation. 1961 Listener 24 Aug. 270/2 His was a six-pipe job whose moans sent every coloured ‘rounder’ from Chicago to New Orleans into ecstasies. 2. a. In plural ( rounders) with singular agreement. An outdoor ball game played between two sides on a field of (usually four) bases, in which each player attempts to strike an underarm delivery of the ball with a cylindrical bat (formerly occasionally one of flatter design) and score a run or point by completing a circuit of the field.Rounders is one of a family of closely related bat-and-ball games that arose in England in the 18th cent. under the name base ball. The modern American game baseball is also a member of this family (see baseball n. 1; also softball n. 1).The word is not used in the United States. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > games similar to baseball > [noun] baseball1748 pat-ball1775 town ball1813 stickball1824 rounders1828 roundball1834 feeder1844 one-old-cat1856 softball1867 one-eyed cat1908 vigoroc1930 slow-pitch1934 fast-pitch1939 stoop ball1941 fastball1943 lob ball1949 whiffle-ball1954 Wiffle ball1955 T-ball1962 1828 Boy's Own Bk. (ed. 2) (ed. 2, London) 20 Rounders. In the west of England this is one of the most favourite sports with bat and ball... In Rounders, the players divide into two equal parties, and chance decides which shall have the first innings. 1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports 500/1 Rounders, besides an ordinary field, requires only a ball and a stick resembling a common rolling-pin. 1862 Dublin Univ. Mag. 1 642 What schoolboy has not played rounders in his youth? 1905 E. M. Graham Canad. Girl in S. Afr. viii. 108 Only the larger ones were allowed to play cricket, hockey or tennis, the smaller ones having rounders and basket-ball. 1977 Cleethorpes News 27 May 18/1 In addition to exploring the mines, they played rounders among the sheep on the hillside. 2008 M. Scott Crystal Skull xi. 113 She paced the length of the window,..watching students play rounders in the sun on the Common. b. A run or point in this game. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > games similar to baseball > [noun] > complete circuit rounder1844 1844 S. Williams Boy's Treasury Sports 18 In other places, it is the custom when two or three are out, if one player can obtain the rounder three times, for the player who was struck out first, to come in again. 1898 A. B. Gomme Trad. Games II. 146 When a complete rounder is obtained, the player has the privilege of..counting the rounder to the credit of his side. 1915 F. H. Cheley & G. C. Baker Camp & Outing Activities 66 These bases should be about fifteen or twenty yards apart; this is about right to prevent a ‘rounder’ or entire circuit of the bases being too easily accomplished. 1998 R. Childs Take Run & Jump 50 Before their batting time was up, the captain added another full rounder to the score. II. Something which is round. 3. A round tower. Cf. roundel n. 9. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > tower or watch-tower towerc897 bastillec1400 bastillion1525 cavalier1562 commander1572 torrion1572 mount1590 sentinel1600 sentry1611 cat1628 torne1637 rondel1686 rounder1774 Martello tower1803 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > turret > of specific shape roundel1633 pepperbox1763 rounder1774 pepperpot1838 pepper castor1855 1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 I. 99 On each side the gateway..are two rounders. 1782 T. Pennant Journey Chester to London 11 A strong wall fortified with round towers... Some of the walls, and about six or seven rounders, still exist. 1812 J. Evans Beauties Eng. & Wales XVII. i. 900 [Harlech castle] exhibits..elegant machicolated turrets, issuing out of the large rounders, similar to those of Caernarvon and Conwy. 1833 G. N. Wright Scenes in North Wales 41 The suspension bridge at Conway is thrown from the foot of the southern tower to a small island in the river, the suspension piers corresponding in design with the rounders of the castle occasion little interruption to the harmony of the whole. 1985 J. Tarr Golden Horn xxviii. 197 It was the same long line, each of the forty great rounders mounted with a tower. 4. slang. A roundhouse punch or blow; = roundhouse n. 6b. Also figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific thing > [noun] > with the hand > swinging or sweeping rounder1875 round-hander1887 swing1908 haymaker1912 roundhouse1932 1875 R. F. Burton Ultima Thule 357 One of the couthless Calibans from the country..slipped up behind one of them and hit him a rounder, in popular parlance a ‘regular slogdolager’. 1883 C. Reade in Harper's Mag. Dec. 132/1 The carter,..while endeavoring a tremendous rounder,..received a dazzler with the left. 2000 F. Gaysek Young Man 137 Love is a rounder to the temple. †5. slang. A strong expletive. Cf. round adj. 21a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [noun] oatha1225 hunting oath1570 forbode1575 exorcism1601 expletive1647 rapper1675 oathlet1835 expletion1836 emphatic1868 swear1871 rounder1885 the mind > goodness and badness > state of being accursed > curse > [noun] > as everyday imprecation oatha1225 malisonc1300 reproach1485 thunderbolt1559 revilement1577 thunder-crack1577 revile1579 ban1590 wish1597 thunder-clap1610 expletive1647 rapper1675 cuss1771 winze1786 Goddammit1800 goddam1828 dirty word1842 blank1854 emphatic1868 swear1871 sailor's blessing1876 blessing1878 goldarn1879 swear-word1883 rounder1885 curse-word1897 dang1906 sailor's farewell1937 1885 R. C. Praed Head Station I. vii. 120 Though we can all swear a rounder in the stockyard or on the drafting camp. 6. Canadian regional (Newfoundland). A small cod which has been gutted, salted, and dried without being split. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > cod cod1357 codfisha1399 cod's head1545 New-land fish1580 bank fish1584 Newfoundland fish1589 water horse1777 coddiea1870 rounder1907 1907 C. W. Townsend Along Labrador Coast v. 132 The very small cod are not boned, but are salted whole. These are called ‘leggies’ or ‘rounders’. 1966 A. R. Scammell My Newfoundland 32 School fees could not be put on the account and the schoolmaster wouldn't accept fish, tomcods or rounders. 1974 National Geographic Jan. 129/2 We dined sumptuously on native dishes..‘rounders’ (baby cod, salted and dried whole like kippers, and boiled for breakfast). 1992 B. Morgan Random Passage ix. 115 One day it'd be a pile of quilts to take over to Aunt Edwina Hounsell, another time she made Clyde take a yaffle of rounders across to old Mrs. Pike. 2007 G. L. Saunders Free Wind Home 194 Two or three dozen rounders—small cod—and several meals of fresh fish and brewis later, my father would be gone. III. A person who or thing which rounds. 7. a. Mining. A tool used to round off a hole in boring. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > piercing or boring tools > [noun] > boring tool > other boring tools piel1808 rounder1839 French bit1875 German bit1875 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 966 The boring tools are represented in the following figures:—..10. The rounder. 1869 G. C. Greenwell Pract. Treat. Mine Engin. (ed. 2) 139 The rounder resembles a bèche externally, but it is solid and well steeled at the bottom. 1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Rounder, a boring tool used for breaking or cutting off any projection which may have occurred in the hole. 1908 R. A. S. Redmayne Mod. Pract. Mining I. iv. 86 Rounders..are used to break off any irregularities which may have been occasioned by careless boring. b. Woodworking. A type of plane used for making rounded edges; = rounding plane at rounding n.³ Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > other general shaping equipment runner1769 mandrel1790 swage1812 rounder1846 crimper1855 rougher1867 1846 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. II. 642 A rod of wood..reduced to a cylinder by a rounder or witchet. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1994/2 Rounder,..a plane used by wheelwrights for rounding off tenons. 1901 P. N. Hasluck Wood Turner's Handybk. ii. 30 Rounding planes, or rounders, are used to make cylindrical rods. 1993 Woodworker June 22/2 The rounding plane or ‘rounder’ is used to produce cylindrical lengths of wood, similar to dowels without the need for a lathe. 8. A person whose job involves rounding; esp. (Shoemaking) one who rounds shoe leather. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > worker performing process or spec. task > [noun] > who shapes > specific shape squarer1422 bower1579 baller1825 fluter1858 beveller?1881 rounder?1881 slabber1921 ?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 40 Bookbinding:..Rounder. 1889 Daily News 23 Dec. 2/6 The manufacturers determined..to suspend clickers, machinists, and rough stuff cutters, and the rounders and finishers. 1894 Gloss. Terms Evid. Royal Comm. Labour 68/2 in Parl. Papers 1893–4 (C. 7063–VC) XXXVIII. 411 Rounders, a country expression for the youths in the boot and shoe industry who cannot be trusted to cut the best materials, and who therefore cut such materials as common outsides, fittings, and linings. In London they are termed improvers. 1907 Times 11 Oct. 16/5 After a long discussion, the manufacturers agreed to the minimum wage as existing in Bristol—namely, 28s. per week for clickers, rounders, and finishers, and 25s. for pressmen. 1923 Bull. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics No. 324 2 The occupational averages for females ranged from $13.04 for outsole or insole rounders to $23.75 for binders. †9. British slang. A person who rounds on others; an informer. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > informing on or against > [noun] > informer wrayerc1000 wrobberc1300 discoverera1400 denunciator1474 informer1503 denouncer1533 detector1541 delatora1572 sycophant1579 inquisitor1580 scout1585 finger man1596 emphanista1631 quadruplator1632 informant1645 eastee-man1681 whiddler1699 runner1724 stag1725 snitch1785 qui tam1788 squeak1795 split1819 clype1825 telegraph1825 snitcher1827 Jack Nasty1837 pigeon1847 booker1863 squealer1865 pig1874 rounder1884 sneak1886 mouse1890 finger1899 fizgig1902 screamer1902 squeaker1903 canary1912 shopper1924 narker1932 snurge1933 cheese eater1935 singer1935 tip-off1941 top-off1941 tout1959 rat fink1961 whistle-blower1970 1884 Good Words June 399/2 ‘Rounders’—that is, informers—..will quietly give ‘the tip’ to a detective. †10. Phonetics. A symbol used to indicate the rounding of a vowel. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > [noun] > phonetic transcription > phonetic symbols sheva1582 quantity mark1860 breathing1864 stress mark1881 rounder1888 polygraph1893 shadda1896 modifier1899 length-mark1926 shift-sign1939 agma1957 1888 H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds (new ed.) 2 When a mid vowel is formed with the rounding of a high vowel, it is said to be over-rounded, which is denoted by adding the ‘rounder’. †IV. Something that is a round. 11. A round of thanks or applause; = round n.¹ 32. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > gratitude > [noun] > thanks > a round of rounder1881 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > [noun] > an act or burst of plaudite1573 plaudiat1584 plaudit1600 applaudit1606 salvoa1734 ovation1785 round1794 Kentish fire1834 rounder1881 bualadh bos1908 1881 R. D. Blackmore Christowell xxxiii, in Good Words 22 583/1 Mrs. Cork..was off, amid a rounder of ‘Thank'e, ma'am; thank'e’. V. Senses relating to a period of time. 12. With prefixed ordinal number. a. Theosophy. A person having attributes and faculties associated with a specified cosmic round. Cf. round n.¹ 20c. ΚΠ 1883 A. P. Sinnett Esoteric Buddhism 118 A man may also be born a fifth rounder, though in the midst of fourth round humanity, by virtue of the total number of his previous incarnations. 1889 R. Kipling In Black & White (ed. 2) 70 When a man is a ‘fifth-rounder’ he can do more than Slade and Houdin combined. 1930 Theosophical Q. July 53 All such prematurely developed intellects (on the spiritual plane) in our Race are abnormal; they are those whom we call the ‘Fifth-Rounders’. 1995 K. P. Johnson Initiates of Theosophical Masters iii. 147 Many creative geniuses are defined as fifth rounders, while Gautama Buddha is the only sixth rounder named in the Mahatma Letters. b. Sport (originally U.S.). A match belonging to a specified round of a competition. Also: a person taking part in such a match. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] > game or definite spell of play > specific one of series heata1663 rubber game1793 round1837 rubber match1843 tie-match1864 final1880 postseason1882 semi-final1884 preliminary1886 cup-tie1895 play-off1895 tie1895 leg1899 repechage1899 qualifier1908 quarter-final1916 playdown1918 rounder1918 go-around1933 quick death1938 semi1942 pretrial1946 quarter1950 barrage1955 tie-breaker1961 semi-main1968 tie-break1970 breaker1979 1918 Chicago Tribune 18 Aug. ii. 4/6 Art Hubbell..had to struggle to beat the veteran Bob England at Sherwood, 6–4, 6–3, in another well fought second rounder. 1932 Evening Huronite (S. Dakota) 5 July 9/2 Dick Berg and Bill Musolf are the only first rounders not yet winding up their match. 1946 Independent-Record (Helena, Montana) 3 Sept. 7/6 Today's other fourth rounder saw Billy Talbert..facing Earl Cochell of Los Angeles. 1966 Black Belt Feb. 25/1 Canada's Philip Wronski snared his first rounder with an ippon (full-point) over New Zealand's Oostermann. 2008 P. Sampras & P. Bodo Champion's Mind (2009) x. 254 I was shocked and angered when I heard that Alan had put me on Court 2 for the second-rounder against Bastl. c. Chiefly North American Sport. A player selected in a specified round of a draft. Cf. draft n. Additions.In quot. 1955 with prefixed numeral indicating the specified number of rounds in the draft. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > other players server1585 free agent1649 benchwarmer1662 puncher1681 sticker1779 hard hitter1790 hitter1813 go-devil1835 beneficiaire1841 colt1846 heavyweight1857 stayer1862 left-hander1864 attack1869 cap1879 international1882 roadman1886 big leaguer1887 homester1887 sand lotter1887 badger1890 internationalist1892 repeater1893 anchorman1895 grandstander1896 stylist1897 homebrew1903 letterman1905 toss-loser1906 fouler1908 rookie1908 mudder1912 sharpshooter1912 pro-amateur1919 receiver1919 southpaw1925 freestyler1927 hotshot1927 active1931 all-timer1936 iceman1936 wild card1940 scrambler1954 rounder1955 franchise1957 call-up1960 trialist1960 non-import1964 sandbagger1965 rebel1982 wide-body1986 1955 Washington Post 28 Nov. 14/6 Only three rounders, in addition to the bonus pick, will be chosen at this unique draft meeting. 1965 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant 28 Nov. 2 c/3 (heading) First rounders sign. 1986 Baseball Digest Aug. 59/2 Lots of times, your best draft choice is a third- through eighth-rounder... A first rounder often doesn't improve that much. 2004 J. Collins Last Best League (2005) x. 192 The question was whether he was a $2 million first-round selection, or a $700,000 second-rounder, or a $400,000 third-rounder. 13. Originally U.S. Boxing. With prefixed numeral. A match planned to have the specified number of rounds. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > bout or contest > types of catchweight1723 prizefight1724 defence1855 preliminary1886 rounder1887 title fight1901 title bout1907 eliminator1911 weight1914 slug-fest1916 undercard1926 box-off1967 1887 Boston Daily Globe 29 Apr. (Evening ed.) 3/5 The opening bout was a three-rounder between Frank Faber of Brockton and Jimmy Silvey of Boston. 1942 Billboard 22 Aug. 72/3 The fight, a 10-rounder, ended in a draw. 1973 W. Henderson King of Gorbals ix. 52 Now, Benny, if you do this last fight for me—it's only a ten rounder—I won't be forgetting it. 1985 Black Belt Jan. 105/3 Merriman..said the athlete is defenseless in this political 15-rounder. 2000 K. Karter & G. Mezger Compl. Idiot's Guide to Kickboxing xiv. 203 For the training sessions below, you'll be fighting a five rounder. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹OEn.²1596
随便看	to run free to run from to run full tilt to run green to run head and girth to run heel to run her file to run high to run hot to run hot and cold to run idle to run in to run in a person's beard to run in a round to run in and out to run in connection to run in couples to run in mind to run in or upon the lash to run in place to run in the blood to run interference to run into to run into a brick wall to run into another's mouth

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