betokenv.

/bɪˈtəʊk(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English bitacnien, bitocnen, Middle English Orm. bitacnenn, Middle English be-, bi-, bytaken(en, bytakin(en, Middle English–1500s be-, bi-, bytoken(e, Middle English bytokon(e, Middle English bitokyn(e), Middle English bytokne, betocne, 1500s Scottish betakin, betaikin (? betoke), Middle English– betoken.

Etymology: Early Middle English bitacnien , later bitok(e)nen , probably Old English *betácnian , not recorded (but compare Old High German bizeichanôn modern German bezeichnen , Dutch beteekenen ), < bi- , be- prefix + tácnian to signify, < tácn token n.

†1.

a. transitive. To signify, mean; to denote, express in words. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > mean, signify, express [verb (transitive)]

tokenc888

meaneOE

sayOE

bequeathc1175

signifya1382

beara1400

bemeana1400

soundc1400

designc1429

applyc1450

betoken1502

express1526

conveya1568

intend1572

carry1584

denotate1597

pronounce1610

to set out1628

implya1640

speak1645

denote1668

designate1741

describe1808

enunciate1859

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 79 Ierusalem bitacneð griþes sihþe.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 17 Ich wille..segge ou þe crede word after word, and þarmid hwat elch word bitocneð.

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. ii. sig. a.vi v Or in other langage or wordes betokenynge the same sentence.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1333/1 When men intend to betoken the exceeding huge greatnesse of Rome, they terme it the triumphant Rome.

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. vi. 68 When two Substantiues come together, betokening diuers things.

†b. absol. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iii. f. 232 Many that bost themselues to be Christians..tremble at euery mention of it [death], as of a thing betokening vnluckely and vnhappy.

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 200 World, may betoken plurally or indefinitely.

†2. To be a type or emblem of; to typify, symbolize. (Sometimes with object clause.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > symbolizing by a type > be type of [verb (transitive)]

betokenc1175

bysenc1325

bodea1387

resemblea1393

figure1401

figurate?1548

moralize1597

typify1635

type1831

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 89 Þet lomb bitacnede cristes þrowunge.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xx. 118 The paume..bytokneþ trewely..The holy gost of heuene.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 41 Þis ilke tre, Bytakens, man..þis fruit bitakens alle oure dedis, Both gode and ille.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum 71 Þe rook..betokenyth okerers and false merchauntz.

1534 T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1331/2 Thys excellente high sacrament..betokeneth also manyfold merueilous mysteries.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 867 In the Cloud a Bow..Betok'ning peace from God, and Cov'nant new.

3. To be a token, sign, or omen of; to give promise of, augur, presage.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > portend, betoken [verb (transitive)]

betokenc1275

bode1387

prognostica1400

pretend1402

prognosticate?a1425

ossc1450

importc1487

prognostify1495

protendc1554

presage1562

abode1573

boden1573

denounce1581

importune1590

prejudicate1595

foretoken1598

ominate1598

auspicate1604

divine1607

foredeem1612

warranta1616

augur1630

preaugurate1635

prewarna1637

prenote1641

preominate1646

forespeak1667

omen1697

betidea1799

bespeak1851

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7989 What bitacnieð [c1300 Otho bi-toccneþ] þa draken þe þene dune makeden.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4598 Þas oþer seuen nede nett Bitakens seuen yer of hunger grett.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiv. 164 Yond starne betokyns..The byrth of a prynce.

1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. D^v Like a red morne that euer yet betokend, Wracke to the sea-man, tempest to the field.

1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi v. §2. 131 They betoken rain and moist weather.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xxix. 249 Everything betokened a crisis.

a. To give evidence of, point to, indicate, show.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > [verb (transitive)]

tokenc888

sayOE

tellc1175

note?c1225

signifyc1275

notifyc1390

signc1390

ossc1400

testify1445

point1477

betoken1486

indike?1541

demonstrate1558

to give show of1567

argue1585

portend1590

speak1594

denotate1597

denote1597

evidence1610

instance1616

bespeak1629

resent1638

indict1653

notificate1653

indicate1706

exhibit1799

to body forth1821

signalize1825

to speak for ——1832

index1862

signal1866

1486 Bk. St. Alban's A viij b And much it betokynis hardenes.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. i. 214 This doth betoken, The corse they follow, did with desprat hand Foredoo it owne life.

1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision I. vii. 30 All naked, and with looks Betok'ning rage.

1863 N. Hawthorne Our Old Home II. 178 As he talked..he betokened in many ways a fine..sensibility.

1871 J. R. Macduff Memories of Patmos iv. 44 This symbolic number further betokens, that the epistolary addresses were designed as a directory of perpetual obligation.

b. With of. To give indication.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > [verb (intransitive)]

tella1616

betoken1793

1793 T. Holcroft tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy (abridged ed.) xl. 203 As weak hair betokens of fear, so does strong hair courage.

†5. Used by Wyclif in the sense of ‘set a mark upon’ (Latin signare), and ‘presage, predict, prophesy’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > inspired prophecy > prophesy [verb (transitive)]

prophesy1372

betoken1382

prophetize?a1400

spaea1400

tella1400

writec1405

ossc1450

destiny?1549

fore-prophesy1581

forewarn1582

vaticinate1652

society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > be distinctive mark on [verb (transitive)] > put identifying mark on

betoken1382

signa1398

tokena1400

note1490

brand1587

countermark1611

signate1616

countersign1662

counter-note1665

lug-marka1699

check1928

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Isa. Prol. And thoȝ..he betocne [v.r. betokeneth] the aȝeencomyng of the puple in to Iewerie.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John vi. 27 God the fadir bitokenede, or markede, him [L. signavit].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	betoken
释义	betokenv. /bɪˈtəʊk(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English bitacnien, bitocnen, Middle English Orm. bitacnenn, Middle English be-, bi-, bytaken(en, bytakin(en, Middle English–1500s be-, bi-, bytoken(e, Middle English bytokon(e, Middle English bitokyn(e), Middle English bytokne, betocne, 1500s Scottish betakin, betaikin (? betoke), Middle English– betoken. Etymology: Early Middle English bitacnien , later bitok(e)nen , probably Old English betácnian , not recorded (but compare Old High German bizeichanôn* modern German bezeichnen , Dutch beteekenen ), < bi- , be- prefix + tácnian to signify, < tácn token n. †1. a. transitive. To signify, mean; to denote, express in words. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > mean, signify, express [verb (transitive)] tokenc888 meaneOE sayOE bequeathc1175 signifya1382 beara1400 bemeana1400 soundc1400 designc1429 applyc1450 betoken1502 express1526 conveya1568 intend1572 carry1584 denotate1597 pronounce1610 to set out1628 implya1640 speak1645 denote1668 designate1741 describe1808 enunciate1859 read1894 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 79 Ierusalem bitacneð griþes sihþe. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 17 Ich wille..segge ou þe crede word after word, and þarmid hwat elch word bitocneð. 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. ii. sig. a.vi v Or in other langage or wordes betokenynge the same sentence. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1333/1 When men intend to betoken the exceeding huge greatnesse of Rome, they terme it the triumphant Rome. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. vi. 68 When two Substantiues come together, betokening diuers things. †b. absol. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iii. f. 232 Many that bost themselues to be Christians..tremble at euery mention of it [death], as of a thing betokening vnluckely and vnhappy. 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 200 World, may betoken plurally or indefinitely. †2. To be a type or emblem of; to typify, symbolize. (Sometimes with object clause.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > symbolizing by a type > be type of [verb (transitive)] betokenc1175 bysenc1325 bodea1387 resemblea1393 figure1401 figurate?1548 moralize1597 typify1635 type1831 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 89 Þet lomb bitacnede cristes þrowunge. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xx. 118 The paume..bytokneþ trewely..The holy gost of heuene. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 41 Þis ilke tre, Bytakens, man..þis fruit bitakens alle oure dedis, Both gode and ille. c1440 Gesta Romanorum 71 Þe rook..betokenyth okerers and false merchauntz. 1534 T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1331/2 Thys excellente high sacrament..betokeneth also manyfold merueilous mysteries. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 867 In the Cloud a Bow..Betok'ning peace from God, and Cov'nant new. View more context for this quotation 3. To be a token, sign, or omen of; to give promise of, augur, presage. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > portend, betoken [verb (transitive)] betokenc1275 bode1387 prognostica1400 pretend1402 prognosticate?a1425 ossc1450 importc1487 prognostify1495 protendc1554 presage1562 abode1573 boden1573 denounce1581 importune1590 prejudicate1595 foretoken1598 ominate1598 auspicate1604 divine1607 foredeem1612 warranta1616 augur1630 preaugurate1635 prewarna1637 prenote1641 preominate1646 forespeak1667 omen1697 betidea1799 bespeak1851 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7989 What bitacnieð [c1300 Otho bi-toccneþ] þa draken þe þene dune makeden. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4598 Þas oþer seuen nede nett Bitakens seuen yer of hunger grett. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiv. 164 Yond starne betokyns..The byrth of a prynce. 1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. D^v Like a red morne that euer yet betokend, Wracke to the sea-man, tempest to the field. View more context for this quotation 1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi v. §2. 131 They betoken rain and moist weather. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xxix. 249 Everything betokened a crisis. 4. a. To give evidence of, point to, indicate, show. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > [verb (transitive)] tokenc888 sayOE tellc1175 note?c1225 signifyc1275 notifyc1390 signc1390 ossc1400 testify1445 point1477 betoken1486 indike?1541 demonstrate1558 to give show of1567 argue1585 portend1590 speak1594 denotate1597 denote1597 evidence1610 instance1616 bespeak1629 resent1638 indict1653 notificate1653 indicate1706 exhibit1799 to body forth1821 signalize1825 to speak for ——1832 index1862 signal1866 1486 Bk. St. Alban's A viij b And much it betokynis hardenes. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. i. 214 This doth betoken, The corse they follow, did with desprat hand Foredoo it owne life. View more context for this quotation 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision I. vii. 30 All naked, and with looks Betok'ning rage. 1863 N. Hawthorne Our Old Home II. 178 As he talked..he betokened in many ways a fine..sensibility. 1871 J. R. Macduff Memories of Patmos iv. 44 This symbolic number further betokens, that the epistolary addresses were designed as a directory of perpetual obligation. b. With of. To give indication. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > [verb (intransitive)] tella1616 betoken1793 1793 T. Holcroft tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy (abridged ed.) xl. 203 As weak hair betokens of fear, so does strong hair courage. †5. Used by Wyclif in the sense of ‘set a mark upon’ (Latin signare), and ‘presage, predict, prophesy’. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > inspired prophecy > prophesy [verb (transitive)] prophesy1372 betoken1382 prophetize?a1400 spaea1400 tella1400 writec1405 ossc1450 destiny?1549 fore-prophesy1581 forewarn1582 vaticinate1652 society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > be distinctive mark on [verb (transitive)] > put identifying mark on betoken1382 signa1398 tokena1400 note1490 brand1587 countermark1611 signate1616 countersign1662 counter-note1665 lug-marka1699 check1928 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Isa. Prol. And thoȝ..he betocne [v.r. betokeneth] the aȝeencomyng of the puple in to Iewerie. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John vi. 27 God the fadir bitokenede, or markede, him [L. signavit]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < v.c1175
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