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单词 rishew
释义

rishewn.

Brit. /ˈrɪʃuː/, U.S. /ˈrɪʃu/
Forms:

α. Middle English russole.

β. Middle English risschew, Middle English risshens (plural, transmission error), Middle English risshew, Middle English ryschew, Middle English rysschew, Middle English rysshene (transmission error), Middle English rysshew, 1900s– rishew.

γ. Middle English ruscheaw, Middle English ruscheu, Middle English ruschew, Middle English ruschewe.

δ. Middle English russhesals (plural, probably transmission error), Middle English russheaulx (plural), Middle English russeaulx (plural).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French russole.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman russole, russol, russel, rosole, rossel, ruscel, rusele, ruselle, russchole, Anglo-Norman and Middle French roissole, Middle French rissole, roissolle, roisseule, rosseolle, roseole, ressiole, rossole, ruissolle, ruissole, roessolle, roussole (12th cent. in Old French as rousole ; French rissole ), probably < an unattested post-classical Latin form *russeola , use as noun of feminine of russeolus reddish (4th cent.) < classical Latin russeus coloured red ( < russus red (see rouse adj.) + -eus : see -eous suffix) + -olus -ole suffix1; thus probably so called on account of the colour of the dish when cooked. The β. , γ. , and δ. forms apparently all reflect Anglo-Norman (masculine) plural forms. Compare post-classical Latin russolis (c1190 in a British source), russellus (1281, 1376 in British sources). Compare rissole n., which shows later reborrowing from French.
Now historical.
A dish of finely chopped or ground fruit or meat mixed with spices, herbs, etc., formed into balls or patties and fried in oil. Cf. rissole n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > rissoles, balls, or croquettes > [noun]
rishew1340
pomedorry1381
rafiolea1425
raynoll?c1425
pomea1450
andouillet1611
raviol1611
tamale1625
patty1660
poupiets1702
croquette1706
rissole1706
potato cake1747
Basque1769
potato ball1817
Cecils1819
polpetta1822
quenelle1827
kibbeh1829
meatball1835
kromeski1846
quenelle de volaille1846
quesadilla1848
kungu cake1865
ponhaus1869
frikkadel1870
albondigas1872
fricandel1872
Vienna steak1874
pirozhok1887
kofta1888
paupiette1889
cheeseball1895
keftedes1912
baozi1927
crab cake1929
falafel1936
klops1936
coddie1941
wonton1948
fish finger1962
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 253 (MED) Þe bysye oþer þe malancolien..byeþ ylich þan þat zekz þe crammeles ine þe russoles [Fr. ruissoles].
a1425 (a1399) Forme of Cury (BL Add.) 190 in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 141 Rysshews of fruyt. Take fyges and raisouns... Grynde hem wiþ apples and peeres... Do þerto gode powdours and hole spices; make balles þerof, frye in oile.
?a1450 in Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum (1817) I. 443 For russeaulx in Lenton.
?a1450 in Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum (1817) I. 445 (MED) The under celeresse..must remembir russheaulx in Lenton.
c1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 97 Kutte hem, and so folde hem as risshewes, And fry hem in goode Oyle.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 39 For risshens [read rissheus]: Take grounden porke..Frye hit in grece.
1995 D. E. Scully & T. Scully Early French Cookery 371 Jeannet..tried a little harder to remember..in just what variety of ways one could drop the batter for rishews.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1340
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