refirev.

Brit.

/ˌriːˈfʌɪə/, U.S.

/riˈfaɪ(ə)r/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: re- prefix, fire v.¹

Etymology: < re- prefix + fire v.¹

1. transitive. To set light to again; to reignite or rekindle. Also figurative.In quot. 1656 as part of an extended metaphor.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > kindle or set alight > again

rekindle1592

re-enkindle1601

reincense1609

relumea1616

relumine1630

reaccend1645

refire1656

relight1662

reflame1697

reillume1752

reignite1822

1656 J. Davies tr. M. de Scudéry Clelia II. ii. 64 Can you yet hope that this unfaithfull..will recover reason, and will return to you;..if 'tis one of those Lovers whereof the fire is extinct,..what can you do to refire him.

1805 J. Boys Gen. View Agric. Kent (ed. 2) 259 Burning ploughed turf... This operation includes..cleansing the hills when burnt, of the loose bits of turf from the outsides that have escaped the fire, and re-firing them on the crowns of the hills.

1865 U.S. Service Mag. Mar. 284 They wish to raise a new blast, by which to ‘re-fire the rebel heart’, and give a new start to the war.

1901 C. C. Brown Directory Amer. Cement Industries 16 No time was lost in cooling the calcined material and recharging and refiring the kiln.

1982 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 28 Nov. (Late City Final ed.) iv. 8 Another recommendation likely to refire the 10-year feud.

2001 R. Nicoll White Male Heart (2002) 14 Aaron stood while Mac refired the lantern.

a. transitive. To bake or dry (tea leaves) for a second or subsequent time, typically in order to improve the quality and taste of the finished tea.

ΚΠ

1838 in Trans. Agric. & Hort. Soc. India (1840) 7 (Proc.) 69 This Tea..smells as if it had been (damaged and) refired, tastes burnt, coarse and rather bitter.

1848 S. W. Williams Middle Kingdom II. 135 During the transportation.., the tea sometimes gathers dampness, or meets with accidents which require it to be refired before shipping.

1893 Econ. Jrnl. 3 35 Demand..[for green tea] was met..by refiring a great quantity of damaged black leaves, and dyeing them green with turmeric and prussian blue.

1928 Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geographers 18 206 The underfired green tea is further processed in so-called refiring factories where it is refired and blended.

1999 R. Gardella in M. A. Rubinstein Taiwan: New Hist. vii. 173 After buying crudely fired tea from growers in the hinterland, foreign merchants refired it at their own premises..(tea processing required two stages—the first to ready fresh tea leaves for local marketing, the second to prepare the final product).

b. transitive. Ceramics. To fire (pottery) for second or subsequent time, typically in order to set a glaze which has been applied to repair or further decorate a piece.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > pottery-making or ceramics > make pottery [verb (transitive)] > fire or bake

bakea1325

coct1662

refire1858

prefire1944

1858 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 28 May 445/2 The tile is then finished, unless it is required to be glazed, which is done by simply dipping the surface of the tile into the glaze, and then placing it in a glazing oven to be refired.

1915 Trans. Amer. Ceramic Soc. 17 170 To eliminate the pinholes present in the glaze from the first fire, it was common practice to refire such ware.

1955 Amer. Anthropologist 57 961 The glazed types are first fired for an hour or so. Then the surface to be glazed..is covered with a slip made of pulverized quartz mixed with powdered copper oxide... The pottery is finally refired for about two hours.

1978 H. E. L. Andrew Batsford Encycl. Crafts 89/1 The piece can then be refired with a second coat of transparent enamel.

2002 Strategic Managem. Jrnl. 23 420/1 The process of..firing the components and assembling them, painting the assembled sculpture, and refiring it.

3. transitive. To fire (a gun) again, esp. after reloading.

ΚΠ

1839 R. M. Bird Adventures Robin Day I. xxx. 215 A single man..stuck valiantly to the pieces, fired them off at us, one after the other, and was even seen..to recharge and refire them.

1856 ‘F. Forester’ Compl. Man. Young Sportsmen 71 Shot guns..can be loaded, fired, reloaded and refired..quite as rapidly as for ordinary purposes can ever be needed.

1962 News (Frederick, Maryland) 12 Mar. 1/1 Thomas admitted attempting to refire the gun, but said he was all ‘nervous, shook up’ and the gun jammed.

1974 M. Smith Death of Detective xviii. 258 The murderer brought an armful of weapons from the house and after emptying each discarded it as useless, ignorant that it could be reloaded and refired.

2007 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 28 Sept. (Sports Final ed.) 14 The gun discharges one shot at a time and has to be reloaded with powder and a metal ball before it can be refired.

4. transitive. U.S. To dismiss or discharge (a person) from employment for a second or subsequent time.

ΚΠ

1943 Sun (Baltimore) 22 Sept. 12/1 Since then, he claims, the company has transferred, fired, rehired and refired him.

1980 Washington Post (Nexis) 23 Nov. d2 Fire the manager. Then rehire him. Then refire him.

2000 Science 18 Feb. 1183/2 (heading) Fired researcher is rehired and refired.

Derivatives

reˈfiring n. the process of firing something or someone for a second or subsequent time; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1839 G. G. Sigmond Tea 33 They mix them [sc. the teas], or they cause them to undergo a process of refiring, and make the crop, which has been gathered from an inferior farm, bear the resemblance of a better tea.

1984 Washington Post (Nexis) 31 May c1 [His] managerial rehirings and refirings.

2007 Z. Goffer Archaeol. Chem. (ed. 2) vii. 256 Experimental refiring of ancient Egyptian faience has shown that the original firing was carried out at temperatures between 890°C–920°C.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	refire
释义	refirev. Brit. /ˌriːˈfʌɪə/, U.S. /riˈfaɪ(ə)r/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: re- prefix, fire v.¹ Etymology: < re- prefix + fire v.¹ 1. transitive. To set light to again; to reignite or rekindle. Also figurative.In quot. 1656 as part of an extended metaphor. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > kindle or set alight > again rekindle1592 re-enkindle1601 reincense1609 relumea1616 relumine1630 reaccend1645 refire1656 relight1662 reflame1697 reillume1752 reignite1822 1656 J. Davies tr. M. de Scudéry Clelia II. ii. 64 Can you yet hope that this unfaithfull..will recover reason, and will return to you;..if 'tis one of those Lovers whereof the fire is extinct,..what can you do to refire him. 1805 J. Boys Gen. View Agric. Kent (ed. 2) 259 Burning ploughed turf... This operation includes..cleansing the hills when burnt, of the loose bits of turf from the outsides that have escaped the fire, and re-firing them on the crowns of the hills. 1865 U.S. Service Mag. Mar. 284 They wish to raise a new blast, by which to ‘re-fire the rebel heart’, and give a new start to the war. 1901 C. C. Brown Directory Amer. Cement Industries 16 No time was lost in cooling the calcined material and recharging and refiring the kiln. 1982 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 28 Nov. (Late City Final ed.) iv. 8 Another recommendation likely to refire the 10-year feud. 2001 R. Nicoll White Male Heart (2002) 14 Aaron stood while Mac refired the lantern. 2. a. transitive. To bake or dry (tea leaves) for a second or subsequent time, typically in order to improve the quality and taste of the finished tea. ΚΠ 1838 in Trans. Agric. & Hort. Soc. India (1840) 7 (Proc.) 69 This Tea..smells as if it had been (damaged and) refired, tastes burnt, coarse and rather bitter. 1848 S. W. Williams Middle Kingdom II. 135 During the transportation.., the tea sometimes gathers dampness, or meets with accidents which require it to be refired before shipping. 1893 Econ. Jrnl. 3 35 Demand..[for green tea] was met..by refiring a great quantity of damaged black leaves, and dyeing them green with turmeric and prussian blue. 1928 Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geographers 18 206 The underfired green tea is further processed in so-called refiring factories where it is refired and blended. 1999 R. Gardella in M. A. Rubinstein Taiwan: New Hist. vii. 173 After buying crudely fired tea from growers in the hinterland, foreign merchants refired it at their own premises..(tea processing required two stages—the first to ready fresh tea leaves for local marketing, the second to prepare the final product). b. transitive. Ceramics. To fire (pottery) for second or subsequent time, typically in order to set a glaze which has been applied to repair or further decorate a piece. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > pottery-making or ceramics > make pottery [verb (transitive)] > fire or bake bakea1325 coct1662 refire1858 prefire1944 1858 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 28 May 445/2 The tile is then finished, unless it is required to be glazed, which is done by simply dipping the surface of the tile into the glaze, and then placing it in a glazing oven to be refired. 1915 Trans. Amer. Ceramic Soc. 17 170 To eliminate the pinholes present in the glaze from the first fire, it was common practice to refire such ware. 1955 Amer. Anthropologist 57 961 The glazed types are first fired for an hour or so. Then the surface to be glazed..is covered with a slip made of pulverized quartz mixed with powdered copper oxide... The pottery is finally refired for about two hours. 1978 H. E. L. Andrew Batsford Encycl. Crafts 89/1 The piece can then be refired with a second coat of transparent enamel. 2002 Strategic Managem. Jrnl. 23 420/1 The process of..firing the components and assembling them, painting the assembled sculpture, and refiring it. 3. transitive. To fire (a gun) again, esp. after reloading. ΚΠ 1839 R. M. Bird Adventures Robin Day I. xxx. 215 A single man..stuck valiantly to the pieces, fired them off at us, one after the other, and was even seen..to recharge and refire them. 1856 ‘F. Forester’ Compl. Man. Young Sportsmen 71 Shot guns..can be loaded, fired, reloaded and refired..quite as rapidly as for ordinary purposes can ever be needed. 1962 News (Frederick, Maryland) 12 Mar. 1/1 Thomas admitted attempting to refire the gun, but said he was all ‘nervous, shook up’ and the gun jammed. 1974 M. Smith Death of Detective xviii. 258 The murderer brought an armful of weapons from the house and after emptying each discarded it as useless, ignorant that it could be reloaded and refired. 2007 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 28 Sept. (Sports Final ed.) 14 The gun discharges one shot at a time and has to be reloaded with powder and a metal ball before it can be refired. 4. transitive. U.S. To dismiss or discharge (a person) from employment for a second or subsequent time. ΚΠ 1943 Sun (Baltimore) 22 Sept. 12/1 Since then, he claims, the company has transferred, fired, rehired and refired him. 1980 Washington Post (Nexis) 23 Nov. d2 Fire the manager. Then rehire him. Then refire him. 2000 Science 18 Feb. 1183/2 (heading) Fired researcher is rehired and refired. Derivatives reˈfiring n. the process of firing something or someone for a second or subsequent time; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1839 G. G. Sigmond Tea 33 They mix them [sc. the teas], or they cause them to undergo a process of refiring, and make the crop, which has been gathered from an inferior farm, bear the resemblance of a better tea. 1984 Washington Post (Nexis) 31 May c1 [His] managerial rehirings and refirings. 2007 Z. Goffer Archaeol. Chem. (ed. 2) vii. 256 Experimental refiring of ancient Egyptian faience has shown that the original firing was carried out at temperatures between 890°C–920°C. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1656
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