rearguardn.¹

Brit.

/ˈrɪəɡɑːd/, U.S.

/ˈrɪrˌɡɑrd/

Forms: late Middle English riergarde, late Middle English ryeregarde, late Middle English–1500s reregarde, 1500s–1600s reregard, 1600s reereguard, 1600s rereguard, 1600s– rearguard; Scottish pre-1700 rearegard, pre-1700 reeirgaird, pre-1700 reirgaird, pre-1700 reirgairde, pre-1700 reirgard, pre-1700 reirgarde, pre-1700 reirguard, pre-1700 rergard, pre-1700 reyrgard, pre-1700 rieregarde, 1700s– rearguard. N.E.D. (1904) also records a form late Middle English reregard.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French reregard, rieregarde.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman reregard, reregarde, rereguarde, and Middle French rieregarde (c1100 in Old French as rereguarde ; late 11th cent. in Rashi as riedre-garde ; compare also Anglo-Norman areregarde and Middle French arrière-garde arrière-guard n.) < rere , riere , etc. (see rear- comb. form) + garde guard n. Compare post-classical Latin retrogarda (12th cent.; 13th cent. in British sources), reregardia (1461 in a British source), Old Occitan reiregarda , Catalan rereguarda (14th cent.; also reraguarda ). Compare arrière-guard n. and earlier rearward n.¹ Compare also retroguard n.

1. Military.

†a. The rear division of an army or fleet drawn up for action; = rear n.² 1a, rearward n.¹ 1a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > part of army by position > [noun] > rear

back-wardc1275

rearwarda1325

reredosc1400

reward1440

back-guardc1470

rearguard1481

arrière-guard1489

retroguard1574

arrear-ward1579

forlorn hope1579

train1598

back1600

rear1604

1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) xlv. 85 He kepte alwey the rier garde with grete plente of his peple.

c1500 Melusine (1895) 191 The two bretheren..them self toke & conduyted the gret baytayll... And of the reregarde were captayns the two knightes of poytou.

1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 379 The reirgard to be led be George Erle of Huntlie.

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 57 1400 armed men, the which are to arme the front and reregard of the battell.

1636 E. Dacres tr. N. Machiavel Disc. Livy II. 335 They have made their Armie tripartite, terming the one the Vauntguard, the other the Battell, and the last the Rereguard.

1679 J. Davies tr. Appian Hist. i. ii. 76 They [sc. Lybian elephants] would be apt to be frightned,..wherefore they placed them behind in the Rearguard: Such was the order of the Roman Army.

1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 25 The Duke lost above a thousand Men, and we almost twice as many, and but for those Dragoons, had lost the whole Rear-guard and half our Cannon.

1762 tr. J. B. Bossuet Hist. France IV. xvii. 344 Major-General Biron..met, in the fields of St Clair, his rearguard, commanded by Mouy. The admiral himself, with the vanguard, and Louis count de Nassau, with the centre, had already got before.

b. A body of troops detached from the main force to bring up and protect the rear, esp. in the case of a retreat. Also figurative and in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > for guard duty > rearguard

rearguard1633

1633 Swedish Intelligencer 3 73 The King had sent away Duke Bernard with 1000. Horse; to fall upon Pappenheim's Reere-guard.

1659 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. 417 The King of Denmark..endeavored to make his retreat; but Tilly followed so close his Rear-guard, that he kept them in continual action.

1679 J. Davies tr. Appian Hist. i. iii. 99 At present you have only to deal with Surena who is the Rear-guard of those Forces that make their Retreat.

1727 H. Bland Treat. Mil. Discipline (ed. 2) xv. 209 The Rear-Guard is to take care that no Disorders are committed in the Sutlers Tents or Booths..and that they entertain Nobody after the Retreat.

1777 A. St. Clair in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 404 The rear-guard..wasted so much time in the morning, that they were overtaken and surprised.

1811 Duke of Wellington Let. 30 Mar. in Dispatches (1837) VII. 400 The enemy went off towards Setubal, the rear guard in admirable order.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxv. 185 The storm, too, had left a rear-guard behind it.

1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 330/2 Under such circumstances, seldom more than a fifth or sixth of the total force forms the rear guard.

1904 J. London Sea-wolf xviii. 174 To the surprise of the hunters, we found ourselves in the midst of seals—a second herd, or sort of rear-guard, they declared, and a most unusual thing.

1944 W. Kerr Russ. Army vi. 63 Every German rearguard consisted of a battalion of about 800 men, about three batteries of light artillery and perhaps twenty or thirty mortars.

1992 Jrnl. Mil. Hist. 56 228 The French command ordered a retreat, the organic tank squadron and a squadron of motorcyclists standing as a rearguard for an extra hour.

2. An element in an organization or community which is reactionary or conservative, or which follows the lead of others. Cf. vanguard n. 1b.

ΚΠ

1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. III. 283 If the clergy follow the example of other rear-guards of society, they will be the first to glory in the reformation which they have done their utmost to retard.

1936 K. Rexroth in B. Morrow World outside Window (1987) 6 Vanguard or rear guard, it makes very little difference today. Our most significant poets..are nonetheless outcasts from this society.

1987 Current Digest of Soviet Press 11 Mar. 1/1 For a long time, social science has been in the rearguard, not the vanguard, of society.

1995 Independent on Sunday 9 Apr. (Review Suppl.) 4/1 Today, inside the politics of disabled people..there are left and right wings, vanguards and rear-guards.

3. Sport. The defensive players on a team, considered collectively. Also (chiefly Ice Hockey): a defender.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > characteristics of team ball games > [noun] > players or positions

wing-back1734

goalkeeper1789

outfielder1855

quarter1857

centre fielder1865

outfield1867

quarterback1867

right1867

centre1868

left wing1871

left-back1873

left half-back1873

centre forward1874

left-centre1877

right-centre1877

centre back1878

centre half-back1879

forward1879

back1880

right wing1880

right half-back1881

goaltender1882

right-winger1882

wing1882

centre half1884

left winger1884

inside1886

half1887

custodian1888

left half1888

midfielder1888

left wing1889

right half1889

centreman1890

midfield1890

outside right1890

outfieldsman1891

goalie1894

winger1896

infield1897

inside forward1897

inside right1897

outside forward1897

outside1898

outside left1900

rearguard1904

pivot1911

wing-man1942

keeper1957

link1958

linkman1963

midfield1976

1904 Manch. Guardian 10 Oct. 3/4 Notts Forest were not so completely outplayed at Sheffield, but their attack..seldom seemed likely to be successful against Wednesday's rearguard.

1924 Manitoba Free Press 7 Nov. 19/2 The other members of the rearguard will be Howie Milne and Jack Rowand.

1958 Times 10 Feb. 13/1 City were a goal ahead in the first half, having made Spurs look ponderous in their rearguard.

1993 Hockey News (Toronto) 5 Feb. 4/3–4 Defenseman Chris Pronger,..a 6-foot-5 rearguard from Dryden, Ont., will challenge for No. 1.

2000 Kingdom (Killarney, County Kerry) 19 Sept. i. 47/7 Another bid to prise open the Lispole rearguard in the closing minutes.

Compounds

C1. attributive. Designating fighting involving the rearguard of an army, esp. in order to cover a retreat, as rearguard battle, rearguard defence, rearguard skirmish, etc. Also figurative and in extended use. See also rearguard action n. at Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1838 F. Shoberl tr. A. Thiers Hist. French Revol. III. 444 We had now only rear-guard battles to fight.

1921 J. Buchan Hist. Great War I. x. 228 Only the 9th Corps, of all the contemplated offensive, went into action, and then only in a rearguard skirmish.

1957 Times 10 July 11/6 Molotov and Kaganovich..have fought a prolonged and stubborn rearguard battle against all the reformist changes in Soviet policy.

1986 E. E. Scharff Worldly Power iv. 61 Grimes seemed to have fought an endless succession of rear-guard battles against Kilgore. Most of them centered on the same question: What sort of newspaper should they publish?

2007 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 29 Jan. The Germans were falling back, although putting up a stiff rearguard defence, and the Allies were in hot pursuit.

C2.

rearguard action n. a defensive stand made by the rearguard of a retreating army; also figurative and in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > [noun] > defensive action

rearguard action1838

1838 F. Shoberl tr. A. Thiers Hist. French Revol. (ed. 2) IV. 23 Massena fought a rearguard action with the division which had masked Peschiera.

1946 Ess. & Stud. 31 46 This scene is a magnificent rear-guard action by Cleopatra.

1977 World of Cricket Monthly June 29/1 It was left to Murray and Roberts to provide a defiant rearguard action which postponed the end.

1995 T. Parks Ital. Educ. 197 The Germans fought their long and bloody rearguard action up the peninsula.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rearguard
释义	rearguardn.¹ Brit. /ˈrɪəɡɑːd/, U.S. /ˈrɪrˌɡɑrd/ Forms: late Middle English riergarde, late Middle English ryeregarde, late Middle English–1500s reregarde, 1500s–1600s reregard, 1600s reereguard, 1600s rereguard, 1600s– rearguard; Scottish pre-1700 rearegard, pre-1700 reeirgaird, pre-1700 reirgaird, pre-1700 reirgairde, pre-1700 reirgard, pre-1700 reirgarde, pre-1700 reirguard, pre-1700 rergard, pre-1700 reyrgard, pre-1700 rieregarde, 1700s– rearguard. N.E.D. (1904) also records a form late Middle English reregard. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French reregard, rieregarde. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman reregard, reregarde, rereguarde, and Middle French rieregarde (c1100 in Old French as rereguarde ; late 11th cent. in Rashi as riedre-garde ; compare also Anglo-Norman areregarde and Middle French arrière-garde arrière-guard n.) < rere , riere , etc. (see rear- comb. form) + garde guard n. Compare post-classical Latin retrogarda (12th cent.; 13th cent. in British sources), reregardia (1461 in a British source), Old Occitan reiregarda , Catalan rereguarda (14th cent.; also reraguarda ). Compare arrière-guard n. and earlier rearward n.¹ Compare also retroguard n. 1. Military. †a. The rear division of an army or fleet drawn up for action; = rear n.² 1a, rearward n.¹ 1a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > part of army by position > [noun] > rear back-wardc1275 rearwarda1325 reredosc1400 reward1440 back-guardc1470 rearguard1481 arrière-guard1489 retroguard1574 arrear-ward1579 forlorn hope1579 train1598 back1600 rear1604 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) xlv. 85 He kepte alwey the rier garde with grete plente of his peple. c1500 Melusine (1895) 191 The two bretheren..them self toke & conduyted the gret baytayll... And of the reregarde were captayns the two knightes of poytou. 1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 379 The reirgard to be led be George Erle of Huntlie. 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 57 1400 armed men, the which are to arme the front and reregard of the battell. 1636 E. Dacres tr. N. Machiavel Disc. Livy II. 335 They have made their Armie tripartite, terming the one the Vauntguard, the other the Battell, and the last the Rereguard. 1679 J. Davies tr. Appian Hist. i. ii. 76 They [sc. Lybian elephants] would be apt to be frightned,..wherefore they placed them behind in the Rearguard: Such was the order of the Roman Army. 1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 25 The Duke lost above a thousand Men, and we almost twice as many, and but for those Dragoons, had lost the whole Rear-guard and half our Cannon. 1762 tr. J. B. Bossuet Hist. France IV. xvii. 344 Major-General Biron..met, in the fields of St Clair, his rearguard, commanded by Mouy. The admiral himself, with the vanguard, and Louis count de Nassau, with the centre, had already got before. b. A body of troops detached from the main force to bring up and protect the rear, esp. in the case of a retreat. Also figurative and in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > for guard duty > rearguard rearguard1633 1633 Swedish Intelligencer 3 73 The King had sent away Duke Bernard with 1000. Horse; to fall upon Pappenheim's Reere-guard. 1659 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. 417 The King of Denmark..endeavored to make his retreat; but Tilly followed so close his Rear-guard, that he kept them in continual action. 1679 J. Davies tr. Appian Hist. i. iii. 99 At present you have only to deal with Surena who is the Rear-guard of those Forces that make their Retreat. 1727 H. Bland Treat. Mil. Discipline (ed. 2) xv. 209 The Rear-Guard is to take care that no Disorders are committed in the Sutlers Tents or Booths..and that they entertain Nobody after the Retreat. 1777 A. St. Clair in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 404 The rear-guard..wasted so much time in the morning, that they were overtaken and surprised. 1811 Duke of Wellington Let. 30 Mar. in Dispatches (1837) VII. 400 The enemy went off towards Setubal, the rear guard in admirable order. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxv. 185 The storm, too, had left a rear-guard behind it. 1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 330/2 Under such circumstances, seldom more than a fifth or sixth of the total force forms the rear guard. 1904 J. London Sea-wolf xviii. 174 To the surprise of the hunters, we found ourselves in the midst of seals—a second herd, or sort of rear-guard, they declared, and a most unusual thing. 1944 W. Kerr Russ. Army vi. 63 Every German rearguard consisted of a battalion of about 800 men, about three batteries of light artillery and perhaps twenty or thirty mortars. 1992 Jrnl. Mil. Hist. 56 228 The French command ordered a retreat, the organic tank squadron and a squadron of motorcyclists standing as a rearguard for an extra hour. 2. An element in an organization or community which is reactionary or conservative, or which follows the lead of others. Cf. vanguard n. 1b. ΚΠ 1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. III. 283 If the clergy follow the example of other rear-guards of society, they will be the first to glory in the reformation which they have done their utmost to retard. 1936 K. Rexroth in B. Morrow World outside Window (1987) 6 Vanguard or rear guard, it makes very little difference today. Our most significant poets..are nonetheless outcasts from this society. 1987 Current Digest of Soviet Press 11 Mar. 1/1 For a long time, social science has been in the rearguard, not the vanguard, of society. 1995 Independent on Sunday 9 Apr. (Review Suppl.) 4/1 Today, inside the politics of disabled people..there are left and right wings, vanguards and rear-guards. 3. Sport. The defensive players on a team, considered collectively. Also (chiefly Ice Hockey): a defender. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > characteristics of team ball games > [noun] > players or positions wing-back1734 goalkeeper1789 outfielder1855 quarter1857 centre fielder1865 outfield1867 quarterback1867 right1867 centre1868 left wing1871 left-back1873 left half-back1873 centre forward1874 left-centre1877 right-centre1877 centre back1878 centre half-back1879 forward1879 back1880 right wing1880 right half-back1881 goaltender1882 right-winger1882 wing1882 centre half1884 left winger1884 inside1886 half1887 custodian1888 left half1888 midfielder1888 left wing1889 right half1889 centreman1890 midfield1890 outside right1890 outfieldsman1891 goalie1894 winger1896 infield1897 inside forward1897 inside right1897 outside forward1897 outside1898 outside left1900 rearguard1904 pivot1911 wing-man1942 keeper1957 link1958 linkman1963 midfield1976 1904 Manch. Guardian 10 Oct. 3/4 Notts Forest were not so completely outplayed at Sheffield, but their attack..seldom seemed likely to be successful against Wednesday's rearguard. 1924 Manitoba Free Press 7 Nov. 19/2 The other members of the rearguard will be Howie Milne and Jack Rowand. 1958 Times 10 Feb. 13/1 City were a goal ahead in the first half, having made Spurs look ponderous in their rearguard. 1993 Hockey News (Toronto) 5 Feb. 4/3–4 Defenseman Chris Pronger,..a 6-foot-5 rearguard from Dryden, Ont., will challenge for No. 1. 2000 Kingdom (Killarney, County Kerry) 19 Sept. i. 47/7 Another bid to prise open the Lispole rearguard in the closing minutes. Compounds C1. attributive. Designating fighting involving the rearguard of an army, esp. in order to cover a retreat, as rearguard battle, rearguard defence, rearguard skirmish, etc. Also figurative and in extended use. See also rearguard action n. at Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1838 F. Shoberl tr. A. Thiers Hist. French Revol. III. 444 We had now only rear-guard battles to fight. 1921 J. Buchan Hist. Great War I. x. 228 Only the 9th Corps, of all the contemplated offensive, went into action, and then only in a rearguard skirmish. 1957 Times 10 July 11/6 Molotov and Kaganovich..have fought a prolonged and stubborn rearguard battle against all the reformist changes in Soviet policy. 1986 E. E. Scharff Worldly Power iv. 61 Grimes seemed to have fought an endless succession of rear-guard battles against Kilgore. Most of them centered on the same question: What sort of newspaper should they publish? 2007 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 29 Jan. The Germans were falling back, although putting up a stiff rearguard defence, and the Allies were in hot pursuit. C2. rearguard action n. a defensive stand made by the rearguard of a retreating army; also figurative and in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > [noun] > defensive action rearguard action1838 1838 F. Shoberl tr. A. Thiers Hist. French Revol. (ed. 2) IV. 23 Massena fought a rearguard action with the division which had masked Peschiera. 1946 Ess. & Stud. 31 46 This scene is a magnificent rear-guard action by Cleopatra. 1977 World of Cricket Monthly June 29/1 It was left to Murray and Roberts to provide a defiant rearguard action which postponed the end. 1995 T. Parks Ital. Educ. 197 The Germans fought their long and bloody rearguard action up the peninsula. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1481
随便看	elongating elongation elongations elongative elongato-conical elongato-ovate elongato-triangular elongatoconical elongatoovate elongatotriangular elonging elope eloped elopement elopements eloper elopers elopes elopine eloping elops elopses eloquence eloquences eloquency

rearguardn.1

Compounds

rearguardn.¹