ravinen.

Brit.

/rəˈviːn/, U.S.

/rəˈvin/

Forms: 1500s rauine, 1600s– ravine, 1700s–1800s reveen, 1800s– rayvine (U.S. regional).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French ravine.

Etymology: < Middle French, French ravine violent rush of water (15th cent.; 1388 in ravine d'eau ; compare Anglo-Norman raveine de terre avalanche (12th cent.)), gully, small ravine (1616) < raviner (see raven v.). With sense 2 compare also French ravin (large) ravine (15th cent. in Middle French in isolated use; subsequently from 1690; < raviner ). Compare ravin n.²

†1. A powerful surge of water; an inundation, a flood. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > sudden rush of water > [noun]

flush1529

shotc1540

ravine1545

cataract1634

push1782

debacle1802

startle1912

sloosh1919

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [noun]

streamc950

water floodOE

floodc1000

waterOE

diluvya1325

waterganga1325

flowinga1340

delugec1374

diluvec1386

Noah's floodc1390

overflowing1430

inundation1432

flowa1450

surrounding1449

over-drowninga1500

spate1513

float1523

drowning1539

ravine1545

alluvion1550

surundacion1552

watershot1567

overflow1589

ravage1611

inunding1628

surroundera1642

water breach1669

flooding1799

debacle1802

diluviation1816

deluging1824

superflux1830

whelm1842

come1862

floodage1862

sheet-flood1897

flash flooding1939

flash-flood1940

1545 J. Clerk Opusculum Plane Divinum sig. Ci^v/2 God beynge greatly offended for synne of the people dyd by rauine of water purge all therth wherby y^e wicked perisshed.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Ravine d'eau, a great floud, a rauine, or inundation of water which ouerwhelmeth all things that come in it way.

2. A deep narrow gorge or cleft, esp. one formed by erosion by running water. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [noun] > gorge or ravine

cloughc1330

heugha1400

straitc1400

gillc1440

gulfa1533

gull1553

gap1555

coomb1578

gullet1600

nick1606

goyle1617

gully1637

nullah1656

ravine1687

barrancaa1691

kloof1731

ravin1746

water gap1756

gorge1769

arroyo1777

quebrada1787

rambla1789

flume1792

linn1799

cañada1814

gulch1832

cañon1834

canyon1837

khud1837

couloir1855

draw1864

box canyon1869

sitch1888

tangi1901

opena1903

1687 P. Rycaut Hist. Turkish Empire (new ed.) 300/1 in Knolles's Turkish Hist. (ed. 6) I. The space betwixt Vienna and the entry of the Wood is reckoned a League and a half, the Country being very difficult, trenched with Vineyards, Ravines and hollow ways.

1744 R. Molesworth Short Course Standing Rules Govt. & Conduct Army iv. 92 It is a lucky Circumstance when your Forage happens to lie so as to be cover'd, next the Enemy, by a River, or Ravine with a running Stream.

1781 G. Washington Diary 30 Sept. (1925) II. 263 We..began two inclosed works on the right of Pidgeon Hill—between that and the Ravine above Moves Hill.

1807 J. Barlow Columbiad i. 34 Round each bluff base the sloping ravine bends.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iii. xiv. 99 Each naked precipice, Sable ravine, and dark abyss.

1853 J. F. W. Herschel Pop. Lect. Sci. (1873) i. §41. 31 The river had run in a ravine, 600 ft. deep and 200 broad.

1900 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 11 210 Near the base of the mountain front nearly all of the ravines broaden and their floors become distinctly convex.

1926 W. R. Inge Lay Thoughts Dean ii. i. 89 We shall see that each war is marked by a peak in the line showing the death rate and a ravine in the line showing the birth rate.

1956 R. Macaulay Towers of Trebizond xi. 117 Frightened of falling off the narrow roads and paths into deep ravines.

1991 New Scientist 29 June 96/1 You can see the ravines in the crops left by the wheels of tractors.

2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 11 June viii. 13/4 The trail gains and drops 9,000 feet humping ridges and descending ravines.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive and appositive.

ΚΠ

1839 J. P. Smith On Relation between Holy Script. & Geol. Sci. 372 The field of actual search and observation: sea-cliffs, steep ravine sides, quarries, cuttings through hills for highways, [etc.].

1845 C. Norton Child of Islands 93 Down the ravine-pass and mountain-gorge.

a1930 D. H. Lawrence Etruscan Places (1932) 22 A modest, Italian sort of ravine-gully.

1950 E. L. Braun Deciduous Forests Eastern N. Amer. vi. 180 Deciduous forest is largely confined to stream valleys and protected ravine slopes.

1990 J. Hudson Dawn Rider (1992) xi. 121 The girl tugged strings of runners and riproots from the mud as she trotted down the shortcut of the ravine bottom.

b. Objective and instrumental.

ravine-loving adj.

ΚΠ

1861 R. F. Burton City of Saints 224 The ravine-loving quaking-asp (Populus tremuloides).

2004 Hanover (Ont.) Post (Nexis) 27 Jan. a1 Aside from the ravine aspect, there are other issues raising themselves to the ravine-loving residents.

ravine-rifted adj.

ΚΠ

1832 J. Bree St. Herbert's Isle 68 To high Blencathra's ravine-rifted head.

ravine-wrinkled adj.

ΚΠ

1877 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 10) ix. 136 See Snowdon's bossy back, and..Plinlimmon's ravine-wrinkled brow.

1950 C. Day Lewis in Penguin New Writing 39 20 Earth's face grew rapidly older, ravine-wrinkled.

2006 Star Tribune (Minneapolis, Minnesota) (Nexis) 31 Jan. a1 Pressure-cooker lives..are a distant memory today at their log home in the ravine-wrinkled countryside south of Cannon Falls, Minn.

C2.

† ravine buck n. Obsolete a male ravine deer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > antelope > [noun] > subfamily Antilopinae > genus Gazella (gazelle) > Gazella bennettii (ravine-deer)

chinkara1860

ravine deer1867

ravine buck1877

1877 J. H. Baldwin Large & Small Game Bengal 202 I..informed my Commandant how I had disposed of one of the ravine bucks.

1894 C. Phillipps-Wolley et al. Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) II. xlix. 356 A ravine buck with a broken leg will give a good run to dogs.

ravine deer n. (originally, a hunters' name for) the Indian gazelle, Gazella bennettii, found from Iran to central India.

ΘΚΠ

chinkara1860

ravine deer1867

ravine buck1877

1867 T. C. Jerdon Mammals India 280 Ravine-deer of sportsmen in Bengal—Goat-antelope in Bombay and Madras.

1877 J. H. Baldwin Large & Small Game Bengal 204 The little ravine deer is a regular bush-loving antelope, and much resembles a wild goat in its appearance and habits.

1957 Encycl. Brit. XII. 156/1 The four-horned antelope..and the gazelle (Gazella bennetti), the chikara, or ‘ravine deer’, of sportsmen, are also found in India.

1987 N. Sibal Yatra 38 He..went out to the western hills, looking out for ravine deer, for markhor and urial.

Derivatives

raˈvine-like adj.

ΚΠ

1827 A. Lyall Rambles Madeira & Portugal i. viii. 80 Here and there breaks occur in the mountains—ravine-like clefts..giving passage to..little rivulets.

1906 Macmillan's Mag. Aug. 783 The tree from which they uttered their defiance was situated in a ravine-like depression in the forest.

2003 N.Y. Times Mag. 18 May 49/1 Two two-story buildings bisected by a long, ravine-like ‘main street’ that feeds a central courtyard.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ravine
释义	ravinen. Brit. /rəˈviːn/, U.S. /rəˈvin/ Forms: 1500s rauine, 1600s– ravine, 1700s–1800s reveen, 1800s– rayvine (U.S. regional). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French ravine. Etymology: < Middle French, French ravine violent rush of water (15th cent.; 1388 in ravine d'eau ; compare Anglo-Norman raveine de terre avalanche (12th cent.)), gully, small ravine (1616) < raviner (see raven v.). With sense 2 compare also French ravin (large) ravine (15th cent. in Middle French in isolated use; subsequently from 1690; < raviner ). Compare ravin n.² †1. A powerful surge of water; an inundation, a flood. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > sudden rush of water > [noun] flush1529 shotc1540 ravine1545 cataract1634 push1782 debacle1802 startle1912 sloosh1919 the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [noun] streamc950 water floodOE floodc1000 waterOE diluvya1325 waterganga1325 flowinga1340 delugec1374 diluvec1386 Noah's floodc1390 overflowing1430 inundation1432 flowa1450 surrounding1449 over-drowninga1500 spate1513 float1523 drowning1539 ravine1545 alluvion1550 surundacion1552 watershot1567 overflow1589 ravage1611 inunding1628 surroundera1642 water breach1669 flooding1799 debacle1802 diluviation1816 deluging1824 superflux1830 whelm1842 come1862 floodage1862 sheet-flood1897 flash flooding1939 flash-flood1940 1545 J. Clerk Opusculum Plane Divinum sig. Ci^v/2 God beynge greatly offended for synne of the people dyd by rauine of water purge all therth wherby y^e wicked perisshed. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Ravine d'eau, a great floud, a rauine, or inundation of water which ouerwhelmeth all things that come in it way. 2. A deep narrow gorge or cleft, esp. one formed by erosion by running water. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [noun] > gorge or ravine cloughc1330 heugha1400 straitc1400 gillc1440 gulfa1533 gull1553 gap1555 coomb1578 gullet1600 nick1606 goyle1617 gully1637 nullah1656 ravine1687 barrancaa1691 kloof1731 ravin1746 water gap1756 gorge1769 arroyo1777 quebrada1787 rambla1789 flume1792 linn1799 cañada1814 gulch1832 cañon1834 canyon1837 khud1837 couloir1855 draw1864 box canyon1869 sitch1888 tangi1901 opena1903 1687 P. Rycaut Hist. Turkish Empire (new ed.) 300/1 in Knolles's Turkish Hist. (ed. 6) I. The space betwixt Vienna and the entry of the Wood is reckoned a League and a half, the Country being very difficult, trenched with Vineyards, Ravines and hollow ways. 1744 R. Molesworth Short Course Standing Rules Govt. & Conduct Army iv. 92 It is a lucky Circumstance when your Forage happens to lie so as to be cover'd, next the Enemy, by a River, or Ravine with a running Stream. 1781 G. Washington Diary 30 Sept. (1925) II. 263 We..began two inclosed works on the right of Pidgeon Hill—between that and the Ravine above Moves Hill. 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad i. 34 Round each bluff base the sloping ravine bends. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iii. xiv. 99 Each naked precipice, Sable ravine, and dark abyss. 1853 J. F. W. Herschel Pop. Lect. Sci. (1873) i. §41. 31 The river had run in a ravine, 600 ft. deep and 200 broad. 1900 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 11 210 Near the base of the mountain front nearly all of the ravines broaden and their floors become distinctly convex. 1926 W. R. Inge Lay Thoughts Dean ii. i. 89 We shall see that each war is marked by a peak in the line showing the death rate and a ravine in the line showing the birth rate. 1956 R. Macaulay Towers of Trebizond xi. 117 Frightened of falling off the narrow roads and paths into deep ravines. 1991 New Scientist 29 June 96/1 You can see the ravines in the crops left by the wheels of tractors. 2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 11 June viii. 13/4 The trail gains and drops 9,000 feet humping ridges and descending ravines. Compounds C1. a. General attributive and appositive. ΚΠ 1839 J. P. Smith On Relation between Holy Script. & Geol. Sci. 372 The field of actual search and observation: sea-cliffs, steep ravine sides, quarries, cuttings through hills for highways, [etc.]. 1845 C. Norton Child of Islands 93 Down the ravine-pass and mountain-gorge. a1930 D. H. Lawrence Etruscan Places (1932) 22 A modest, Italian sort of ravine-gully. 1950 E. L. Braun Deciduous Forests Eastern N. Amer. vi. 180 Deciduous forest is largely confined to stream valleys and protected ravine slopes. 1990 J. Hudson Dawn Rider (1992) xi. 121 The girl tugged strings of runners and riproots from the mud as she trotted down the shortcut of the ravine bottom. b. Objective and instrumental. ravine-loving adj. ΚΠ 1861 R. F. Burton City of Saints 224 The ravine-loving quaking-asp (Populus tremuloides). 2004 Hanover (Ont.) Post (Nexis) 27 Jan. a1 Aside from the ravine aspect, there are other issues raising themselves to the ravine-loving residents. ravine-rifted adj. ΚΠ 1832 J. Bree St. Herbert's Isle 68 To high Blencathra's ravine-rifted head. ravine-wrinkled adj. ΚΠ 1877 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 10) ix. 136 See Snowdon's bossy back, and..Plinlimmon's ravine-wrinkled brow. 1950 C. Day Lewis in Penguin New Writing 39 20 Earth's face grew rapidly older, ravine-wrinkled. 2006 Star Tribune (Minneapolis, Minnesota) (Nexis) 31 Jan. a1 Pressure-cooker lives..are a distant memory today at their log home in the ravine-wrinkled countryside south of Cannon Falls, Minn. C2. † ravine buck n. Obsolete a male ravine deer. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > antelope > [noun] > subfamily Antilopinae > genus Gazella (gazelle) > Gazella bennettii (ravine-deer) chinkara1860 ravine deer1867 ravine buck1877 1877 J. H. Baldwin Large & Small Game Bengal 202 I..informed my Commandant how I had disposed of one of the ravine bucks. 1894 C. Phillipps-Wolley et al. Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) II. xlix. 356 A ravine buck with a broken leg will give a good run to dogs. ravine deer n. (originally, a hunters' name for) the Indian gazelle, Gazella bennettii, found from Iran to central India. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > antelope > [noun] > subfamily Antilopinae > genus Gazella (gazelle) > Gazella bennettii (ravine-deer) chinkara1860 ravine deer1867 ravine buck1877 1867 T. C. Jerdon Mammals India 280 Ravine-deer of sportsmen in Bengal—Goat-antelope in Bombay and Madras. 1877 J. H. Baldwin Large & Small Game Bengal 204 The little ravine deer is a regular bush-loving antelope, and much resembles a wild goat in its appearance and habits. 1957 Encycl. Brit. XII. 156/1 The four-horned antelope..and the gazelle (Gazella bennetti), the chikara, or ‘ravine deer’, of sportsmen, are also found in India. 1987 N. Sibal Yatra 38 He..went out to the western hills, looking out for ravine deer, for markhor and urial. Derivatives raˈvine-like adj. ΚΠ 1827 A. Lyall Rambles Madeira & Portugal i. viii. 80 Here and there breaks occur in the mountains—ravine-like clefts..giving passage to..little rivulets. 1906 Macmillan's Mag. Aug. 783 The tree from which they uttered their defiance was situated in a ravine-like depression in the forest. 2003 N.Y. Times Mag. 18 May 49/1 Two two-story buildings bisected by a long, ravine-like ‘main street’ that feeds a central courtyard. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ravinev. Brit. /rəˈviːn/, U.S. /rəˈvin/ Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) a borrowing from French. Etymons: ravine n.; French raviner. Etymology: Either < ravine n. or < French raviner (see raven v.). Compare ravinement n. and earlier ravined adj.² transitive. To score with ravines; to make a ravine or ravines in. Also (occasionally): to hollow (a ravine or cleft) out of. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > erode [verb (transitive)] > cut channels or holes gull1577 rout1726 wash1766 scour1773 gully1775 erode1830 gorge1849 ravine1858 ream1859 channel1862 canyon1878 to plough out1886 cañon1889 incise1893 runnel1920 1858 G. P. Scrope Geol. Central France (ed. 2) viii. 167 Causes which have cut up and ravined to a great depth..Les Bouttieres. 1896 W. D. Howells Impressions & Experiences 258 A gulf ravined out of the bank for a street. 1941 Ecol. Monogr. 11 365/2 The north-facing slope is nearly everywhere intricately and deeply ravined by numerous swift flowing streams. 2002 Star Tribune (Minneapolis, Minnesota) (Nexis) 5 Oct. 1 a On the Kirks' Bentinck Bison Ranch in north-central North Dakota, a grassy rangeland ravined by Antler Creek just a mile from the Canadian border. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1545v.1858
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ravinen.

Compounds

Derivatives

ravinev.