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单词 queath
释义

queathn.

Forms: early Middle English cweðe, Middle English queðe, Middle English quethe; also Scottish 1500s queinth, 1500s queith, 1500s quheith.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: queath v.
Etymology: < queath v.
Obsolete.
A speech, an address; (as a mass noun) speech, talk. Also: a sound, a cry.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > [noun] > that which is or can be spoken
speechc897
saw9..
speech971
wordOE
quideOE
wordsOE
wordOE
thingOE
rouna1225
mouthc1225
queatha1250
breathc1300
reasonc1300
speakingsa1325
swarec1325
saying1340
voicec1350
lorea1375
sermonc1385
carpc1400
gear1415
utterancec1454
parol1474
ditty1483
say1571
said1578
dictumc1586
palabra1600
breathing1606
bringinga1616
elocution?1637
rumblea1680
elocutive1821
vocability1841
deliverance1845
deliverment1850
deliverancy1853
verbalization1858
voicing1888
sayable1937
a1250 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Galba) (transcript of damaged MS) (1955) 74 Wise weren the cweðen [a1275 Trin. Cambr. sawen; a1300 Jesus Oxf. wordes] the saide the King Alfred.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 4011 Balaac misliked al ðis queðe.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 1150 (MED) At þe fyrst quethe of þe quest quaked þe wylde.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. ii. 102 Quairfor Enee begouth again renew His faderis hie saull queith.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

queathv.

Forms: 1. Present stem. a. Infinitive Old English coeða (Northumbrian), Old English cueðan, Old English cuoæða (Northumbrian), Old English cuoaða (Northumbrian), Old English cuoeða (Northumbrian), Old English cuoęða (Northumbrian), Old English cwæþan, Old English cwæðan, Old English cweaðan (Anglian), Old English cwedan, Old English cweoþan (chiefly Anglian), Old English cweoðan (chiefly Anglian), Old English cweþan, Old English cweðan, Old English cwoeða (Northumbrian), early Middle English cuiþe, early Middle English cuþæ, early Middle English cwæð, early Middle English cwæðe, early Middle English cweð, early Middle English cweþe, early Middle English cweðe, Middle English quede, Middle English queethe, Middle English queþ, Middle English queþe, Middle English queðe, Middle English queym (transmission error), Middle English qvethe, Middle English qweþe, Middle English qweth, Middle English qwethe, Middle English–1500s queth, Middle English–1500s quethe, late Middle English queye (transmission error), late Middle English queythe, 1500s queathe. b. Present indicative. (i). 1st singular Old English coeðo (Northumbrian), Old English cuæðo (Northumbrian), Old English cuedo (Northumbrian), Old English cueði (Northumbrian), Old English cueðo (Northumbrian), Old English cuęðo (Northumbrian), Old English cuoedo (Northumbrian), Old English cuoeðo (Northumbrian), Old English cwæde, Old English cwæþe, Old English cwæðe, Old English cwæðo, Old English cwede, Old English cweoð (Mercian), Old English cweoðe, Old English cweoðo (Anglian), Old English cweoðu (Mercian), Old English cweþe, Old English cweðe, Old English cweðo, Old English cwiðe, Old English–early Middle English cwæðe, late Old English cwiðæ, late Old English cwiþe, Middle English queþe, Middle English queth, Middle English quethe, Middle English qwethe, 1500s queythe. (ii). 2nd singular

α. Old English cuæðes (Northumbrian), Old English cueðes (Northumbrian), Old English cuist, Old English cuoeðas (Northumbrian), Old English cuoeðes (Northumbrian), Old English cuoeðest (Northumbrian), Old English cwæst, Old English cwæþst, Old English cwæðst, Old English cwest, Old English cweðes (Northumbrian), Old English cweþest, Old English cweðest, Old English cweþst, Old English cweðst, Old English cwist, Old English cwiðst, Old English cwoeðes (Northumbrian), Old English cwyst, Old English cwyþst, Old English cwyðst, late Old English cwetst, late Old English cwytst.

β. Old English coðas (Northumbrian), Old English cuoðas (Northumbrian).

(iii). 3rd singular Old English coeðes (Northumbrian), Old English cueoeð (Northumbrian), Old English cueð, Old English cueðæs (Northumbrian), Old English cueðas (Northumbrian), Old English cueðes (Northumbrian), Old English cuęðes (Northumbrian), Old English cuið, Old English cuoeðæs (Northumbrian), Old English cuoeðas (Northumbrian), Old English cuoeðað (Northumbrian), Old English cuoeðes (Northumbrian), Old English cuoeðeð (Northumbrian), Old English cweoðas (Northumbrian), Old English cweoðað (Northumbrian), Old English cweþ, Old English cweð, Old English cweþaþ (Mercian), Old English cweðes (Northumbrian), Old English cwiþ, Old English cwið, Old English cwiþeð, Old English cwð, Old English cwyþ, Old English cwyð, Old English cwyþeð, Old English cwyðð, Old English–early Middle English cweþeð, Old English–early Middle English cweðeð, late Old English cweþæþ, late Old English cweðæt, early Middle English cwæð, early Middle English cweð, early Middle English cwiðð, early Middle English cwyd, Middle English queþ. (iv). Plural

α. Old English coeða (Northumbrian), Old English coeðas (Northumbrian), Old English cuæðas (Northumbrian), Old English cuedes (Northumbrian), Old English cueðas (Northumbrian), Old English cueðað, Old English cuoæðas (Northumbrian), Old English cuoaðas (Northumbrian), Old English cuoede (Northumbrian), Old English cuoeða (Northumbrian), Old English cuoeðas (Northumbrian), Old English cuoeðað (Northumbrian), Old English cuoęðað (Northumbrian), Old English cwæþaþ, Old English cwæþað, Old English cwæðað, Old English cweaðas (Northumbrian), Old English cweaðað (Mercian), Old English cwedaþ, Old English cweodaþ (Mercian), Old English cweoðas (Northumbrian), Old English cweoþaþ (Mercian), Old English cweoþað (Mercian), Old English cweoðaþ (Anglian), Old English cweoðað (Anglian), Old English cweþæþ, Old English cweþæð, Old English cweðæþ, Old English cweðæð, Old English cweþaþ, Old English cweðaþ, Old English cweðað, Old English cweþe (before personal pronoun), Old English cweðe (chiefly before personal pronoun), Old English cweðes (Northumbrian), Old English cweþeð, Old English cweðeð, Old English cwoeðas (Northumbrian), Old English cwyðaþ, Old English–early Middle English cwæðaþ, Old English–early Middle English cweþað.

β. Old English cuoðað (Northumbrian).

c. Imperative. (i). Singular Old English cuęð (Northumbrian), Old English cuoeð (Northumbrian), Old English cwæþ, Old English cwæð, Old English cwet, Old English cweþ, Old English cweð, Old English cweðð, Old English–early Middle English cwed, late Old English cwæt. (ii). Plural

α. Old English cweþat, Old English cweþaþ, Old English cweþað, Old English cweðaþ, Old English cweðað.

β. Old English cuoðas (Northumbrian).

2. Past tense. a. Strong: see quoth v. b. Weak Middle English qwithit (in a late copy), late Middle English queþed, late Middle English queved (probably transmission error), late Middle English withid. 3. Past participle. a. Strong Old English cueden, Old English cuoeden (Northumbrian), Old English cuoeðen (Northumbrian), Old English cwæden, Old English cweden, Old English cwęden, Old English cwedyn, Old English cweþen, Old English cweðen, Old English cwoeden (Northumbrian), Old English gecoeden (Northumbrian), Old English gecueden, Old English gecuedon (Northumbrian), Old English gecuoeden (Northumbrian), Old English gecuoedon (Northumbrian), Old English gecuoeðen (Northumbrian), Old English gecwæden, Old English gecwædon, Old English gecwedæn, Old English gecwedan, Old English gecweden, Old English gecwedyn, Old English gecweðen, Old English gicueden (Northumbrian), Old English gicweden (Northumbrian), Old English–early Middle English gecwedon, late Old English cwiden, late Old English gecwæðen, early Middle English gecwede, early Middle English gecweþon, early Middle English icwæden, early Middle English icwædene, early Middle English icwædon, early Middle English icwede, early Middle English icweden, early Middle English icwedon, early Middle English icweþe, early Middle English icweðe, early Middle English icweðen, Middle English iqueþe, Middle English iqueðe, Middle English iqueðen, Middle English iqueðene, Middle English queden, Middle English queðen, Middle English yquethe. b. Weak 1500s queythed.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian quetha , queda , quan , Old Dutch quethan , Old Saxon queðan (Middle Low German (rare or regional) quēden ), Old High German quedan (Middle High German queden , keden ), Old Icelandic kveða , Old Swedish qväþa (Swedish kväda ), Old Danish kvæde (Danish kvæde ), Gothic qiþan , further etymology uncertain and disputed. All examples of the past tense are treated at quoth v.In Old English a strong verb of Class V. The tendency either to diphthongize or round the stem vowel is very marked in non-West Saxon dialects of Old English: the Anglian forms show extensive back mutation of e to eo ; in addition, the Northumbrian forms show widespread rounding of we (short and long) to woe (short and long), as well as combinative back mutation of we to wo (see β forms); in all cases diphthongized and rounded vowels have spread analogically throughout the paradigm (see further A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §§210.2, 319; for an explanation of past tense forms, and especially the development of past tense forms in o , see quoth v.). Except in the fossilized use of the original 1st and 3rd singular past tense form (see quoth v.) the verb had become obsolete by the end of the 16th cent. In Old English the prefixed form gecweþan i-quethe v. is also attested. Compare also acweþan aqueath v., æftercweþan to speak afterwards, repeat, renounce (compare after- prefix), becweþan bequeath v., forcweþan to revile, reject (compare for- prefix1), forecweþan to foretell, predict (compare fore- prefix), miscweþan to speak ill of, curse, speak incorrectly (compare mis- prefix1), ofercweþan overquethe vb. at over- prefix 1t(a), oncweþan to answer, resound, protest (compare on- prefix), ongecweþan to proclaim, announce (compare on- prefix, y- prefix), tōcweþan to forbid, prohibit (compare to- prefix2), wiþcweþan withquethe vb. at with- prefix 1, wiþercweþan to gainsay (compare wither- prefix).
Obsolete.
1.
a. To speak, say, tell.
(a) transitive. Without direct speech.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)]
speakc825
queatheOE
forthdoc900
i-seggenc900
sayeOE
speak971
meleOE
quidOE
spella1000
forthbringc1000
givec1175
warpa1225
mootc1225
i-schirea1250
upbringa1250
outsay?c1250
spilec1275
talec1275
wisea1300
crackc1315
nevena1325
cast1330
rehearsec1330
roundc1330
spend1362
carpa1375
sermona1382
to speak outc1384
usea1387
minc1390
pronouncea1393
lancec1400
mellc1400
nurnc1400
slingc1400
tellc1400
wordc1400
yelpc1400
worka1425
utterc1444
outspeakc1449
yielda1450
arecchec1460
roose?a1475
cutc1525
to come forth with1532
bubble1536
prolate1542
report1548
prolocute1570
bespeak1579
wield1581
upbraid1587
up with (also mid) ——1594
name1595
upbrayc1600
discoursea1616
tonguea1616
to bring out1665
voice1665
emit1753
lip1789
to out with1802
pitch1811
go1836
to open one's head1843
vocabulize1861
shoot1915
verbal1920
be1982
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise, vow, or pledge [verb (intransitive)]
queatheOE
sweara900
fangc1175
behightc1275
to make (hold, pay, keep, yield or break) a vowc1290
vowa1325
avowc1400
to plight (one's) faithc1410
promitc1422
promise1447
creance1477
to take in vow1526
votec1540
depose1610
vum1785
to nail down1859
pledge1928
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) xli. 11 Dum dicitur mihi per singulos dies, ubi est deus tuus : ðonne bið cweden to me ðorh syndrie dægas hwer is god ðin.
OE Blickling Homilies 153 Þa eode se ealdorman þara Iudea & þara sacerda & wæs cweþende swa him ær bebead se eadga Petrus.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 37 Do summe of þisse þinge þe ic wulle nu cweþen.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3525 Her nu quat god sal more queðen.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 4325 (MED) I sall quethe þe forqui & quat is þe cause.
(b) transitive. With direct speech.
ΚΠ
OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) iv. 23 Ic cweðe: Forlæt minne sunu þæt he ðeowige me.
OE Ælfric Homily (Cambr. Ii.4.6) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1967) I. 489 We cweðað, AMEN.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 656 Seo papa seonde þa his writ þus cwæðend: ‘Ic Uitalianus papa [etc.].’
a1300 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 100 Gabriel hire grette, þus queþinde: ‘Edy beo þu, mayde.’
b. intransitive. quick and queathing: alive and able to speak.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > [adjective] > opposed to inanimate
quickeOE
livelyOE
animatea1398
quick and queathing?a1475
vitala1513
animated1568
animal1599
animant1678
inanimated1689
vivified1767
animastic1794
vitalic1848
the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > speaking > able or given to speak
reasonablea1387
quick and queathing?a1475
articulate1531
extemporal1588
extemporanean1621
extemporizing1644
expressible1661
speakable1667
extemporaneous1812
extempore1817
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 335 (MED) To all my bretheryn I xal go telle how þat ȝe be man levynge, quyk and qwethynge, of flesch and ffelle.
1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 131/2 A man and a woman whyche are yet quicke and quething.
1546 Bp. S. Gardiner Declar. True Articles 39 b I meruayle where he had lerned that lesson being yet quicke and quethynge.
1558 Speciall Grace after Banket at Yorke sig. d.iiiv Our Bisshops, our suffragans, our doctours.., whearof many yet aliue both quick and queathyng.
2.
a. transitive. To proclaim; to declare or pronounce (a person or thing) to be something.
ΚΠ
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 963 Ðas land & ealla þa oðre þe lin into þe mynstre þa cwede ic scyr... Þas rihting & ealle oðre ða cweðe ic scyr Crist & S. Peter.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 1218 With luf & leue he quede [a1450 Lamb. queþe] vs quite, and gyf vs schippes in to wende.
b. transitive. To promise. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)]
swearc825
hightOE
behighta1000
behestc1175
bespeakc1320
queatha1325
vow1338
avowc1374
undertakec1385
forhighta1400
forsweara1400
hest14..
promitc1422
promise1430
protest1430
to swear outa1440
to swear to ——1598
pollicitate1657
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2788 Nu am ic ligt to fren hem ðeðen, And milche and hunige lond hem queðen.
3.
a. transitive. To give (something) up, renounce.
ΚΠ
c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) l. 611 (MED) Hwen þi were..sið..þet his fa forlið þe..he forheccheð þe anan..& cweðeð þe al cwite him þet tu of temest.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) 321 (MED) For þi þet ha [sc. pagan books] beoð ful of idel ȝelp..al ich forsake ham her ant cweðe al scher [v.r. sker] up.
b. transitive. To grant or give; to assign by will, to bequeath.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > bequeath by will [verb (transitive)]
leaveOE
bequeath1066
queatha1325
let1340
dowc1374
bequest1394
wit1394
devise1395
give1420
willc1460
test1491
legacy1546
legate1546
league1623
legatee1797
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1496 Sel me ðo wunes, Ðe queðen ben ðe firme sunes.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 321 (MED) I queþe me to þe trone of þat Iuge þat nevere haþ ende.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 6292 (MED) Hous and rente and ouþer þyng Mow þey [sc. fathers] queþe at here endyng.
a1450 Seven Sages (Cambr. Dd.1.17) (1845) l. 97 (MED) Al that evere I have done I queth ȝou, sire emperoure.
1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 16 (MED) I geue and qwethe to Willm Hussher iij s. iiij d.
a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 4794 My body I quethe also To the sepulkre for dayes thre.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 676/2 Hath he queythed you any thyng in his testament?
c. transitive. Perhaps: to bestow, deliver. rare.
ΚΠ
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 6973 To Qwintilion the quem he qwithit a dynt, Woundit hym wickidly.

Compounds

queath word n. a legacy, a bequest.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > [noun] > a bequest or legacy
quideOE
questc1300
queath worda1425
legate1438
witting1483
bequest1496
legation1503
legacy1514
bequeathmenta1627
questword1792
bequeathing1855
a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 37 Legatum, a queþe worde.
1469 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 350 It is a fowle slaundere that he was so wurchepfull beried and his qwethword not parfourmed.
1581 Aldeburgh Rec. in Notes & Queries 12th Ser. 7 402/2 Pd to John Tedboll for his queathe woorde of John Bec iiizi vis viiid.

Derivatives

queathing n. rare bequeathing.
ΚΠ
c1400 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 373 By beggynge, byqueethyng [v.r. *queþinge], by birying, by salaries and trentals..[they] cryen evere after worldly godis.
queathing word n. rare a last farewell to a person who is dying.
ΚΠ
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. viii. 62 Thi last regrait and quething wordis to say.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.a1250v.eOE
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