quantaladj.

Brit.

/ˈkwɒntl/, U.S.

/ˈkwɑn(t)əl/

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin quantus , -al suffix¹; quantum n., -al suffix¹.

Etymology: Originally (in sense 1) < classical Latin quantus (see quantum n.) + -al suffix¹. In later use < quantum n. + -al suffix¹.

†1. Mathematics. = aliquant adj. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > division > divisor or dividend > with remainder

aliquant part1695

quantal1705

aliquant1872

1705 E. Scarburgh Eng. Euclide 177 A Quantal part measures not the whole: but repeated is either less or greater than it.

a. Composed of discrete units; varying in steps rather than continuously; (Physiology) designating the release of neurotransmitters in unit quantities (cf. quantum n. 6).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > continuity or uninterruptedness > discontinuity or interrupted condition > [adjective] > not continuous or occurring in jumps or steps

saltatory1844

quantal1917

stepwise1934

stepped1935

1917 F. H. Pratt in Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 44 518 I purpose to use the derivative quantal to express..the conception of structural carriers of such integers of energy in effects discontinuously graded... A series of responsive values would be quantal when composed of discontinuous steps.

1940 C. S. Sherrington Man on his Nature xi. 353 The outward process on analysis proves always to be ‘granular’, quantal, ‘structured’; the inner process to be structureless, non-quantal.

1965 Jrnl. Insect Physiol. 11 1356 Usherwood..has observed, in the neuromuscular junction of the South American cockroach, miniature end-plate potentials. This phenomenon..is usually interpreted as a consequence of quantal release of transmitter at a sub-threshold level.

1987 M. J. Neal Med. Pharmacol. at Glance vi. 19/1 This results in the release of a few hundred ‘packets’ or ‘quanta’ of acetylcholine in about a millisecond. This is called quantal release.

1992 Nature 5 Nov. 70/1 The presence of equally spaced peaks in histograms is evidence of quantal behaviour.

2003 S. Greenfield Tomorrow's People (2004) vii. 212 A huge block to advancing our understanding of consciousness has to be the great diversity of approach, from the quantal through to the evolutionary.

b. Physiology. Designating an all-or-none (all-or-nothing) response or effect; relating to such a response or effect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > stimulation > [adjective] > qualities of response

all-or-nothing1897

all-or-none1900

phasic1906

quantal1933

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > [adjective] > effects of medicines or drugs

potentiating1656

phylactic1911

potentiated1917

quantal1933

1933 J. H. Gaddum in Med. Res. Council Special Rep. Ser. No. 183. 5 The term ‘quantal response’ is used in this paper for any ‘all-or-none’ biological reaction, i.e. a reaction of such a type, or observed under such conditions, that only the bare fact of its presence or absence in each animal is recorded.

1954 Proc. Royal Soc. Med. 47 203 The third kind of method used..to assay drugs depends upon quantal effects. These effects are not measured but recorded as positive or absent and the number of positive effects is counted.

1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) iii. 243 Such assays are ‘quantal’ (i.e. all or nothing) and the viral titre, the highest dilution affecting 50% of the cultures, is not a precise measure of the number of infectious units.

1999 Biometrics 55 396 In a quantal response study, there may be insufficient knowledge of the response relationship for the stimulus (or dose) levels to be chosen properly.

c. Physics. Of the nature of a quantum or quanta; of or relating to quantum theory.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > [adjective]

quantum-theoretical1920

quantum1924

quantal1936

1936 C. G. Darwin in Nature 28 Nov. 909/1 One may not infrequently see in learned journals such a phrase as ‘This may be proved by quantum theoretical methods.’.. The proper English form would be quantum theory methods, though even that is very clumsy, and quantum methods is quite good enough... The right procedure is to coin the adjective quantal.

1951 E. M. Corson Perturbation Methods iii. 36 If q, p are to be canonically conjugate in the quantal sense.

1975 Physics Bull. Dec. 545/3 Anybody who wishes to learn the mathematics of coherence, classical and quantal, of light fields and their interaction with atoms can do no better than turn to this book.

1993 B. Kosko Fuzzy Thinking (1994) vii. 104 They know quantum mechanics is strange because light comes in quantal packets and behaves both as a particle and as a wave.

2001 O. Sacks Uncle Tungsten xxv. 312 I sometimes wondered..whether one might ever be able to see, under extraordinary conditions, a quantal world with one's own eyes.

Derivatives

ˈquantally adv. in a quantal manner; according to quantum theory; by means of discrete units or steps.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > [adverb] > in manner of quantum

quantally1936

1936 C. G. Darwin in Nature 28 Nov. 909/1 The right procedure is to coin the adjective quantal. To justify its adequacy it is only necessary to notice the impossibility of finding anything that would be quantally right, but quantum-mechanically wrong.

1957 Psychol. Rev. 64 137/1 Such preactivation can be produced by gradual learning or quantally by instruction.

1970 Nature 5 Sept. 1006/2 Vesicles slotted between dense projections are thought to release transmitter quantally..through the membrane into the cleft.

1984 C. G. Gray & K. E. Gubbins Theory Molecular Fluids I. 611 Equation (E.41) is not valid quantally.

2003 A. Nagy et al. Manipulating Mouse Embryo (ed. 3) ii. 92 These duplications occur quantally and stepwise.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	quantal
释义	quantaladj. Brit. /ˈkwɒntl/, U.S. /ˈkwɑn(t)əl/ Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin quantus , -al suffix¹; quantum n., -al suffix¹. Etymology: Originally (in sense 1) < classical Latin quantus (see quantum n.) + -al suffix¹. In later use < quantum n. + -al suffix¹. †1. Mathematics. = aliquant adj. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > division > divisor or dividend > with remainder aliquant part1695 quantal1705 aliquant1872 1705 E. Scarburgh Eng. Euclide 177 A Quantal part measures not the whole: but repeated is either less or greater than it. 2. a. Composed of discrete units; varying in steps rather than continuously; (Physiology) designating the release of neurotransmitters in unit quantities (cf. quantum n. 6). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > continuity or uninterruptedness > discontinuity or interrupted condition > [adjective] > not continuous or occurring in jumps or steps saltatory1844 quantal1917 stepwise1934 stepped1935 1917 F. H. Pratt in Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 44 518 I purpose to use the derivative quantal to express..the conception of structural carriers of such integers of energy in effects discontinuously graded... A series of responsive values would be quantal when composed of discontinuous steps. 1940 C. S. Sherrington Man on his Nature xi. 353 The outward process on analysis proves always to be ‘granular’, quantal, ‘structured’; the inner process to be structureless, non-quantal. 1965 Jrnl. Insect Physiol. 11 1356 Usherwood..has observed, in the neuromuscular junction of the South American cockroach, miniature end-plate potentials. This phenomenon..is usually interpreted as a consequence of quantal release of transmitter at a sub-threshold level. 1987 M. J. Neal Med. Pharmacol. at Glance vi. 19/1 This results in the release of a few hundred ‘packets’ or ‘quanta’ of acetylcholine in about a millisecond. This is called quantal release. 1992 Nature 5 Nov. 70/1 The presence of equally spaced peaks in histograms is evidence of quantal behaviour. 2003 S. Greenfield Tomorrow's People (2004) vii. 212 A huge block to advancing our understanding of consciousness has to be the great diversity of approach, from the quantal through to the evolutionary. b. Physiology. Designating an all-or-none (all-or-nothing) response or effect; relating to such a response or effect. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > stimulation > [adjective] > qualities of response all-or-nothing1897 all-or-none1900 phasic1906 quantal1933 the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > [adjective] > effects of medicines or drugs potentiating1656 phylactic1911 potentiated1917 quantal1933 1933 J. H. Gaddum in Med. Res. Council Special Rep. Ser. No. 183. 5 The term ‘quantal response’ is used in this paper for any ‘all-or-none’ biological reaction, i.e. a reaction of such a type, or observed under such conditions, that only the bare fact of its presence or absence in each animal is recorded. 1954 Proc. Royal Soc. Med. 47 203 The third kind of method used..to assay drugs depends upon quantal effects. These effects are not measured but recorded as positive or absent and the number of positive effects is counted. 1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) iii. 243 Such assays are ‘quantal’ (i.e. all or nothing) and the viral titre, the highest dilution affecting 50% of the cultures, is not a precise measure of the number of infectious units. 1999 Biometrics 55 396 In a quantal response study, there may be insufficient knowledge of the response relationship for the stimulus (or dose) levels to be chosen properly. c. Physics. Of the nature of a quantum or quanta; of or relating to quantum theory. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > [adjective] quantum-theoretical1920 quantum1924 quantal1936 1936 C. G. Darwin in Nature 28 Nov. 909/1 One may not infrequently see in learned journals such a phrase as ‘This may be proved by quantum theoretical methods.’.. The proper English form would be quantum theory methods, though even that is very clumsy, and quantum methods is quite good enough... The right procedure is to coin the adjective quantal. 1951 E. M. Corson Perturbation Methods iii. 36 If q, p are to be canonically conjugate in the quantal sense. 1975 Physics Bull. Dec. 545/3 Anybody who wishes to learn the mathematics of coherence, classical and quantal, of light fields and their interaction with atoms can do no better than turn to this book. 1993 B. Kosko Fuzzy Thinking (1994) vii. 104 They know quantum mechanics is strange because light comes in quantal packets and behaves both as a particle and as a wave. 2001 O. Sacks Uncle Tungsten xxv. 312 I sometimes wondered..whether one might ever be able to see, under extraordinary conditions, a quantal world with one's own eyes. Derivatives ˈquantally adv. in a quantal manner; according to quantum theory; by means of discrete units or steps. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > [adverb] > in manner of quantum quantally1936 1936 C. G. Darwin in Nature 28 Nov. 909/1 The right procedure is to coin the adjective quantal. To justify its adequacy it is only necessary to notice the impossibility of finding anything that would be quantally right, but quantum-mechanically wrong. 1957 Psychol. Rev. 64 137/1 Such preactivation can be produced by gradual learning or quantally by instruction. 1970 Nature 5 Sept. 1006/2 Vesicles slotted between dense projections are thought to release transmitter quantally..through the membrane into the cleft. 1984 C. G. Gray & K. E. Gubbins Theory Molecular Fluids I. 611 Equation (E.41) is not valid quantally. 2003 A. Nagy et al. Manipulating Mouse Embryo (ed. 3) ii. 92 These duplications occur quantally and stepwise. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1705
随便看	stand ticket stand till stand to stand to a person's pleasure stand to arms stand to attention stand to canvas stand to doom stand to her canvas stand to it stand to judgement stand to one's arms stand to one's chance stand to one's colours stand to one's guard stand to one's gun stand to one's guns stand to one's pan pudding stand to one's post, guns stand to one's tackle stand to or at the courtesy stand to or at the courtesy of stand to pleasure stand to stead stand to stern