prolepsisn.

Brit.

/prə(ʊ)ˈlɛpsɪs/, U.S.

/proʊˈlɛpsəs/

Inflections: Plural prolepses Brit.

/prə(ʊ)ˈlɛpsiːz/, U.S.

/proʊˈlɛpˌsiz/.

Forms:

α. late Middle English prolempcis, late Middle English prolemps (transmission error), 1500s– prolepsis.

β. 1600s prolepsie, 1700s–1800s prolepsy.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin prolepsis, prolempsis.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin prolepsis (usually in form prolempsis; in classical Latin as a Greek word) (in rhetoric) anticipation, especially a figure in which a matter is stated in a brief summary manner, before being set forth in detail (3rd cent.), capacity to produce branches, flowers, fruits, etc., in the future (1766 in the passage translated in quot. 1781 at sense 4a, 1774 in the passage translated in quot. 1783 at sense 4a) < Hellenistic Greek πρόληψις preconception, especially in Epicurean philosophy, (in rhetoric) anticipation, especially prefigurement, representation of future events, a figure in which objections or arguments are anticipated < ancient Greek προ- pro- prefix² + λῆψις taking (see -lepsy comb. form), after προλαμβάνειν to anticipate. Compare Middle French prolepsie (1564 in sense 2b; French prolepse ). With sense 2b compare slightly earlier procatalepsis n.For earlier use of the Latin word in an English context compare:OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) iii. iii. 162 Prolemsis hatte þæt forme, þæt ys on Lyden anticipatio uel preocupatio uel presumptio , þæt ys on Englisc forestæppung oððe dyrstynnys, þonne se nama byð beforan þe sceolde beon bæftan. N.E.D. (1908) gives the pronunciation as (prole·psis, -lī·psis) /prəʊˈlɛpsɪs/, /-ˈliːpsɪs/.

†1. Chiefly Grammar. The rhetorical figure in which a matter is stated in a brief summary manner before the particular details, aspects, etc., are set out; esp. the particular form of this figure in which the main verb agrees in number with the plural subject rather than the singular nouns denoting its constituent parts. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > opening summary

prolepsisc1450

c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 178 In how many maners is the ryghtfull order of construccyon y-lette? By fyve:..By prolemps [is] , as ‘Maystres disputyng in scole on is connyngg anothyr ys a fole.’

c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 180 How knowyste prolempcis? A figure by the whych men diuiden a noun that bytokenyth the hole by the singuler or by the plurell, as ‘Men syttyth in the scole summe on the benche and summe on the erthe.’

a1504 J. Holt Lac Puerorum (1508) iii. sig. Diii^v Whan ii. or more thynges be generally compared in one worde and afterwarde specyally sette out as Aquile volauerunt vna ab oriente alia ab occidente than is the fygure Prolepsis.

1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Bvi^v Prolepsis, a takynge before, or generall speakynge of those thynges which afterwardes be declared more perticulerlye.

1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. N2, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) Prolepsis, where some thing generally first spoken, is afterwardes drawen into partes, as thus: Let vs take vppon vs one selfe charge, I to direct abroade, you to order at home.

1656 J. Smith Myst. Rhetorique Unvail'd 130 Prolepsis is also a figure of Construction,..when the Congregation, or the whole doth aptly agree with the Verb, or Adjective, and then the parts of the whole are reduced to the same Verb or Adjective, wherewith notwithstanding they agree not.

1711 J. Hunter New Method Teaching Latine Tongue 83 Prolepsis, which is a short way of Speaking, in which the Whole agrees with the Verb or Adjective, but not the Parts literally.

1780 T. Huntley Gram. Lat. Tongue 164 Prolepsis is when the parts are mentioned after the whole, though different from it in number or person, without repeating the verb, or adjective: as Exercitus hostium duo, alter ab urbe, alter a Galliâ, obstant.

a. The action or fact of representing or regarding (esp. as a rhetorical figure, originally in speech or writing) something in the future as already done or existing; anticipation; an instance of this. Also: use of or reference to a name, event, etc., in relation to too early a date; = prochronism n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > anticipation, forecast > [noun]

forecastinga1529

foreguessing1548

prevening1557

prejudice1560

prolepsis1578

foredeeming1587

forestalment1611

forestalling1641

forethought1653

anticipation1711

pre-empting1857

precasting1863

second-guessing1946

the world > time > reckoning of time > chronology > [noun] > assignment to a time or dating > assignment to a wrong time or date

prolepsis1578

antichronism1612

anachronicism1614

anachronism1617

metachronism1617

parachronisma1641

prochronisma1646

achronism1674

parepochism1685

anachronizing1768

anticipation1774

the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [noun] > anticipation

preventing1530

preoccupation1552

anticipation1553

antedate1573

prolepsis1578

forestalment1611

forestalling1641

precourse1678

pre-echo1781

pre-empting1857

previousness1881

proaction1953

proactivity1965

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > anticipation

prolepsis1578

1578 T. Timme tr. J. Calvin Comm. Gen. xii. 264 The answere is easie to be made, if we graunt that the figure Prolepsis is in the speach of Moses [L. si prolepsin admittimus in sermone Mosis] [see Genesis 11:31, 12:1].

1606 P. Holland in tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars Annot. Others..in Augustus his life name her Iulia: by the figure Prolepsis because she caried that name after he was dead.

1642 tr. W. Ames Marrow Sacred Divinity 323 This was spoken by a prolepsis or anticipation.

1697 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris 32 A cross figure in his own Art, Rhetoric, called Prolepsis or Anticipation, viz. when Poets or Historians call any place by a name, which was not yet known in the times they write of.

1730 C. Lamotte Ess. Poetry & Painting i. 6 If he ever did [see it], sure it must have been in a Dream or Vision, by way of Prolepsis or Anticipation; since 'tis certain there was no Stage at Athens, 'till some hundred Years after [etc.].

1787 T. Campbell Strictures on Eccles. & Lit. Hist. Ireland 91 By a sort of prolepsis, all those northern nations which from time to time invaded this country were called Danes.

1846 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles xxx. 424 The Evangelist relating by prolepsis..the whole of the event where he first introduces it.

1869 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) July 613 The Alabama, as we will call it by prolepsis, was being built.

1888 Old Test. Student 7 250 It is said that the woman is described by the character which she afterward developed... In other words, there is a prolepsis in the narrative.

1907 Expositor May 393 That prolepsis, or prevision and apprehension of holiness which we call faith.

1946 W. Manson Jesus, the Messiah 164 Examples of the prolepsis by which the coming of the Son of Man is anticipated in the fortunes of Jesus.

2004 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 7 Nov. vii. 29/1 He dreams of a man coming out of a shop with a hatbox who will shortly be run over by a bus. In a few days, it happens. This life of prolepsis..becomes his unraveling.

b. Rhetoric. The action of anticipating a possible objection or counter-argument in order to answer or discount it, or to deprive it of force (as a rhetorical figure); = procatalepsis n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > anticipation > of opponent's objections

preoccupation1552

prevention1571

procatalepsis1577

prolepsis1580

presumptuous1589

preventer1589

propounder1589

1580 A. Fleming tr. N. Hemmingsen Epist. Ephesians 131 This is a figure called Prolepsis, and maie be called in English, Presumption, whereby the Apostle cutteth off a quarrellous demand.

1596 J. Harington Apol. sig. Mij^v They read the letters, and stumbling once or twice on a figure called Prolepsis or preuention, they were angrie their scoffes were so preuented.

1611 W. Sclater Key to Key of Script. 65 This Verse is added to the former by way of prolepsis, for hauing professed his desire to see them, hee saw it might be demanded why hee came not.

1637 R. Sanderson Serm. II. 62 He thought it needful.., by way of prolepsis, to prevent whatsoever might be surmised in that kind.

1767 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy IX. xxxiii. 140 I know it will be said, continued my father (availing himself of the Prolepsis) that [etc.].

1793 A. Adam Rudim. Lat. & Eng. Gram. (ed. 4) 251 Prolepsis, Prevention, or Anticipation, is when an objection is started and answered.

1830 M. T. Sadler Law of Population I. ii. ix. 508 It may be well to clear away, by a prolepsis, those objections which may, by possibility, be urged against so important a deduction.

1984 T. M. Conley in Aufstieg u. Niedergang der Römischen Welt II. XXI. i. 353 Philo's works abound in prolepsis, and the introduction of possible objections is usually in the form of formulaic phrases.

2003 Dallas Morning News (Nexis) 22 June 11 g In classic rhetoric, there is a type of argument called prolepsis. It means to anticipate a counter-argument before it's made.

c. Grammar. The anticipatory use of an attribute.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > other parts of speech > [noun] > any part of speech denoting an attribute > anticipatory use of

prolepsis1850

1850 J. W. Donaldson New Cratylus (ed. 2) iii. v. 484 In all three cases there is a prolepsis or tertiary predication.

1875 A. Schmidt Shakespeare-Lexicon II. 1420 Prolepsis or anticipation, that is, an effect to be produced represented as already produced, by the insertion of an epithet:..‘Hang his poison in the sick air’.

1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) Prolepsis (in rhet.), a figure by which a thing is represented as already done, though in reality it is to follow as a consequence of the action which is described.

1909 A. M. Williams Eng. Gram. & Composition 179 Prolepsis, or anticipation: ‘To chase the ignorant fumes that mantle their clearer reason’, i.e., ‘Their reason which will become clear when the fumes have been dispersed’.

1995 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 116 421 The greed of winged servant and of master is elaborated, lexically, in the false prolepsis of the attribute praepes, ‘well-omened’.

d. Literary Criticism. A prefiguring or foreshadowing of a future event in a narrative; the narration of an event at a point earlier than its chronological place in a story.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > [noun] > flashback or flashforward

flashback1916

flashforward1928

prolepsis1961

analepsis1978

1961 J. W. Draper Stratford to Dogberry 87 [She] sees Romeo ‘As one dead in the bottom of a tomb’... Is all this only the convention of dramatic prolepsis—a mere pious pretence of inevitable catastrophe?

1980 Poetics Today 1 173 Chatman defines an ‘internal anachrony’ (including both the analepsis or flashback and the prolepsis or flashforward) as one that ‘begins after NOW’.

1992 Rev. Eng. Stud. 43 236 In the first of the novella's three parts Marlow gives a prolepsis of the climax.

†3. A presupposition; something assumed in advance. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > [noun] > that which is presumed

presupposal1573

presupposition1579

expectation1585

presuppose1592

positum1605

assumpsita1628

assumptiona1628

prolepsis1637

reception1646

hypothesis1655

1637 T. Jackson Serm. Matt. ii. 17, 18, in Wks. VI. 279 For the more perspicuous and facile solution of these..doubts, I must crave leave to intersert certain prolepses or prenotions.

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. i. §2 The existence of God, and immortality of the soul; both which seem to be supposed as general Prolepses in the writings of Moses.

1692 J. Ray Misc. Disc. v. 109 That Nature should form real Shells, without any design of covering an Animal, is..contrary to that innate Prolepsis we have of the Prudence of Nature.

4. Botany.

†a. The capacity to produce branches, flowers, fruits, etc., in the future. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1781 F. J. Brand tr. Select Diss. from Amœnitates Academicæ I. v. 26 The various modes of propagating trees are founded on the Prolepsis [L. prolepsi] of plants, one of the most profound subjects in botany.

1783 tr. C. Linnaeus Syst. Veg. (1785) I. 9 The Prolepsis [L. Prolepsis] exhibits the mystery of the Metamorphosis of Plants, in which the Larva of the Herb is changed into a Displayed Fructification.

b. Esp. of a tree: the production of a lateral shoot or branch from a bud or meristem after a period of dormancy.

ΚΠ

1920 E. F. Smith Introd. Bacterial Dis. Plants iv. v. 619 Prolepsis and prolification in peach trees attacked by peach yellows and peach rosette.

1977 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 64 687 Syllepsis is..little developed in north temperate woody plants because lateral axes here usually undergo a period of dormancy before extension (i.e., show prolepsis).

2001 Ann. Bot. 87 35 Earlier onset of bud formation (prolepsis) at the axils of the previous year's hypsophylls and/or foliage-leaves in trees with rhythmic growth.

†5. Medicine. Return of a paroxysm of a periodic disease before the usual time. Cf. proleptic adj. 3. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1896 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Prolepsis.., in a special sense, return of a paroxysm before the usual time.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	prolepsis
释义	prolepsisn. Brit. /prə(ʊ)ˈlɛpsɪs/, U.S. /proʊˈlɛpsəs/ Inflections: Plural prolepses Brit. /prə(ʊ)ˈlɛpsiːz/, U.S. /proʊˈlɛpˌsiz/. Forms: α. late Middle English prolempcis, late Middle English prolemps (transmission error), 1500s– prolepsis. β. 1600s prolepsie, 1700s–1800s prolepsy. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin prolepsis, prolempsis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin prolepsis (usually in form prolempsis; in classical Latin as a Greek word) (in rhetoric) anticipation, especially a figure in which a matter is stated in a brief summary manner, before being set forth in detail (3rd cent.), capacity to produce branches, flowers, fruits, etc., in the future (1766 in the passage translated in quot. 1781 at sense 4a, 1774 in the passage translated in quot. 1783 at sense 4a) < Hellenistic Greek πρόληψις preconception, especially in Epicurean philosophy, (in rhetoric) anticipation, especially prefigurement, representation of future events, a figure in which objections or arguments are anticipated < ancient Greek προ- pro- prefix² + λῆψις taking (see -lepsy comb. form), after προλαμβάνειν to anticipate. Compare Middle French prolepsie (1564 in sense 2b; French prolepse ). With sense 2b compare slightly earlier procatalepsis n.For earlier use of the Latin word in an English context compare:OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) iii. iii. 162 Prolemsis hatte þæt forme, þæt ys on Lyden anticipatio uel preocupatio uel presumptio , þæt ys on Englisc forestæppung oððe dyrstynnys, þonne se nama byð beforan þe sceolde beon bæftan. N.E.D. (1908) gives the pronunciation as (prole·psis, -lī·psis) /prəʊˈlɛpsɪs/, /-ˈliːpsɪs/. †1. Chiefly Grammar. The rhetorical figure in which a matter is stated in a brief summary manner before the particular details, aspects, etc., are set out; esp. the particular form of this figure in which the main verb agrees in number with the plural subject rather than the singular nouns denoting its constituent parts. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > opening summary prolepsisc1450 c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 178 In how many maners is the ryghtfull order of construccyon y-lette? By fyve:..By prolemps [is] , as ‘Maystres disputyng in scole on is connyngg anothyr ys a fole.’ c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 180 How knowyste prolempcis? A figure by the whych men diuiden a noun that bytokenyth the hole by the singuler or by the plurell, as ‘Men syttyth in the scole summe on the benche and summe on the erthe.’ a1504 J. Holt Lac Puerorum (1508) iii. sig. Diii^v Whan ii. or more thynges be generally compared in one worde and afterwarde specyally sette out as Aquile volauerunt vna ab oriente alia ab occidente than is the fygure Prolepsis. 1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Bvi^v Prolepsis, a takynge before, or generall speakynge of those thynges which afterwardes be declared more perticulerlye. 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. N2, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) Prolepsis, where some thing generally first spoken, is afterwardes drawen into partes, as thus: Let vs take vppon vs one selfe charge, I to direct abroade, you to order at home. 1656 J. Smith Myst. Rhetorique Unvail'd 130 Prolepsis is also a figure of Construction,..when the Congregation, or the whole doth aptly agree with the Verb, or Adjective, and then the parts of the whole are reduced to the same Verb or Adjective, wherewith notwithstanding they agree not. 1711 J. Hunter New Method Teaching Latine Tongue 83 Prolepsis, which is a short way of Speaking, in which the Whole agrees with the Verb or Adjective, but not the Parts literally. 1780 T. Huntley Gram. Lat. Tongue 164 Prolepsis is when the parts are mentioned after the whole, though different from it in number or person, without repeating the verb, or adjective: as Exercitus hostium duo, alter ab urbe, alter a Galliâ, obstant. 2. a. The action or fact of representing or regarding (esp. as a rhetorical figure, originally in speech or writing) something in the future as already done or existing; anticipation; an instance of this. Also: use of or reference to a name, event, etc., in relation to too early a date; = prochronism n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > anticipation, forecast > [noun] forecastinga1529 foreguessing1548 prevening1557 prejudice1560 prolepsis1578 foredeeming1587 forestalment1611 forestalling1641 forethought1653 anticipation1711 pre-empting1857 precasting1863 second-guessing1946 the world > time > reckoning of time > chronology > [noun] > assignment to a time or dating > assignment to a wrong time or date prolepsis1578 antichronism1612 anachronicism1614 anachronism1617 metachronism1617 parachronisma1641 prochronisma1646 achronism1674 parepochism1685 anachronizing1768 anticipation1774 the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [noun] > anticipation preventing1530 preoccupation1552 anticipation1553 antedate1573 prolepsis1578 forestalment1611 forestalling1641 precourse1678 pre-echo1781 pre-empting1857 previousness1881 proaction1953 proactivity1965 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > anticipation prolepsis1578 1578 T. Timme tr. J. Calvin Comm. Gen. xii. 264 The answere is easie to be made, if we graunt that the figure Prolepsis is in the speach of Moses [L. si prolepsin admittimus in sermone Mosis] [see Genesis 11:31, 12:1]. 1606 P. Holland in tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars Annot. Others..in Augustus his life name her Iulia: by the figure Prolepsis because she caried that name after he was dead. 1642 tr. W. Ames Marrow Sacred Divinity 323 This was spoken by a prolepsis or anticipation. 1697 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris 32 A cross figure in his own Art, Rhetoric, called Prolepsis or Anticipation, viz. when Poets or Historians call any place by a name, which was not yet known in the times they write of. 1730 C. Lamotte Ess. Poetry & Painting i. 6 If he ever did [see it], sure it must have been in a Dream or Vision, by way of Prolepsis or Anticipation; since 'tis certain there was no Stage at Athens, 'till some hundred Years after [etc.]. 1787 T. Campbell Strictures on Eccles. & Lit. Hist. Ireland 91 By a sort of prolepsis, all those northern nations which from time to time invaded this country were called Danes. 1846 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles xxx. 424 The Evangelist relating by prolepsis..the whole of the event where he first introduces it. 1869 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) July 613 The Alabama, as we will call it by prolepsis, was being built. 1888 Old Test. Student 7 250 It is said that the woman is described by the character which she afterward developed... In other words, there is a prolepsis in the narrative. 1907 Expositor May 393 That prolepsis, or prevision and apprehension of holiness which we call faith. 1946 W. Manson Jesus, the Messiah 164 Examples of the prolepsis by which the coming of the Son of Man is anticipated in the fortunes of Jesus. 2004 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 7 Nov. vii. 29/1 He dreams of a man coming out of a shop with a hatbox who will shortly be run over by a bus. In a few days, it happens. This life of prolepsis..becomes his unraveling. b. Rhetoric. The action of anticipating a possible objection or counter-argument in order to answer or discount it, or to deprive it of force (as a rhetorical figure); = procatalepsis n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > anticipation > of opponent's objections preoccupation1552 prevention1571 procatalepsis1577 prolepsis1580 presumptuous1589 preventer1589 propounder1589 1580 A. Fleming tr. N. Hemmingsen Epist. Ephesians 131 This is a figure called Prolepsis, and maie be called in English, Presumption, whereby the Apostle cutteth off a quarrellous demand. 1596 J. Harington Apol. sig. Mij^v They read the letters, and stumbling once or twice on a figure called Prolepsis or preuention, they were angrie their scoffes were so preuented. 1611 W. Sclater Key to Key of Script. 65 This Verse is added to the former by way of prolepsis, for hauing professed his desire to see them, hee saw it might be demanded why hee came not. 1637 R. Sanderson Serm. II. 62 He thought it needful.., by way of prolepsis, to prevent whatsoever might be surmised in that kind. 1767 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy IX. xxxiii. 140 I know it will be said, continued my father (availing himself of the Prolepsis) that [etc.]. 1793 A. Adam Rudim. Lat. & Eng. Gram. (ed. 4) 251 Prolepsis, Prevention, or Anticipation, is when an objection is started and answered. 1830 M. T. Sadler Law of Population I. ii. ix. 508 It may be well to clear away, by a prolepsis, those objections which may, by possibility, be urged against so important a deduction. 1984 T. M. Conley in Aufstieg u. Niedergang der Römischen Welt II. XXI. i. 353 Philo's works abound in prolepsis, and the introduction of possible objections is usually in the form of formulaic phrases. 2003 Dallas Morning News (Nexis) 22 June 11 g In classic rhetoric, there is a type of argument called prolepsis. It means to anticipate a counter-argument before it's made. c. Grammar. The anticipatory use of an attribute. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > other parts of speech > [noun] > any part of speech denoting an attribute > anticipatory use of prolepsis1850 1850 J. W. Donaldson New Cratylus (ed. 2) iii. v. 484 In all three cases there is a prolepsis or tertiary predication. 1875 A. Schmidt Shakespeare-Lexicon II. 1420 Prolepsis or anticipation, that is, an effect to be produced represented as already produced, by the insertion of an epithet:..‘Hang his poison in the sick air’. 1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) Prolepsis (in rhet.), a figure by which a thing is represented as already done, though in reality it is to follow as a consequence of the action which is described. 1909 A. M. Williams Eng. Gram. & Composition 179 Prolepsis, or anticipation: ‘To chase the ignorant fumes that mantle their clearer reason’, i.e., ‘Their reason which will become clear when the fumes have been dispersed’. 1995 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 116 421 The greed of winged servant and of master is elaborated, lexically, in the false prolepsis of the attribute praepes, ‘well-omened’. d. Literary Criticism. A prefiguring or foreshadowing of a future event in a narrative; the narration of an event at a point earlier than its chronological place in a story. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > [noun] > flashback or flashforward flashback1916 flashforward1928 prolepsis1961 analepsis1978 1961 J. W. Draper Stratford to Dogberry 87 [She] sees Romeo ‘As one dead in the bottom of a tomb’... Is all this only the convention of dramatic prolepsis—a mere pious pretence of inevitable catastrophe? 1980 Poetics Today 1 173 Chatman defines an ‘internal anachrony’ (including both the analepsis or flashback and the prolepsis or flashforward) as one that ‘begins after NOW’. 1992 Rev. Eng. Stud. 43 236 In the first of the novella's three parts Marlow gives a prolepsis of the climax. †3. A presupposition; something assumed in advance. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > [noun] > that which is presumed presupposal1573 presupposition1579 expectation1585 presuppose1592 positum1605 assumpsita1628 assumptiona1628 prolepsis1637 reception1646 hypothesis1655 1637 T. Jackson Serm. Matt. ii. 17, 18, in Wks. VI. 279 For the more perspicuous and facile solution of these..doubts, I must crave leave to intersert certain prolepses or prenotions. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. i. §2 The existence of God, and immortality of the soul; both which seem to be supposed as general Prolepses in the writings of Moses. 1692 J. Ray Misc. Disc. v. 109 That Nature should form real Shells, without any design of covering an Animal, is..contrary to that innate Prolepsis we have of the Prudence of Nature. 4. Botany. †a. The capacity to produce branches, flowers, fruits, etc., in the future. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1781 F. J. Brand tr. Select Diss. from Amœnitates Academicæ I. v. 26 The various modes of propagating trees are founded on the Prolepsis [L. prolepsi] of plants, one of the most profound subjects in botany. 1783 tr. C. Linnaeus Syst. Veg. (1785) I. 9 The Prolepsis [L. Prolepsis] exhibits the mystery of the Metamorphosis of Plants, in which the Larva of the Herb is changed into a Displayed Fructification. b. Esp. of a tree: the production of a lateral shoot or branch from a bud or meristem after a period of dormancy. ΚΠ 1920 E. F. Smith Introd. Bacterial Dis. Plants iv. v. 619 Prolepsis and prolification in peach trees attacked by peach yellows and peach rosette. 1977 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 64 687 Syllepsis is..little developed in north temperate woody plants because lateral axes here usually undergo a period of dormancy before extension (i.e., show prolepsis). 2001 Ann. Bot. 87 35 Earlier onset of bud formation (prolepsis) at the axils of the previous year's hypsophylls and/or foliage-leaves in trees with rhythmic growth. †5. Medicine. Return of a paroxysm of a periodic disease before the usual time. Cf. proleptic adj. 3. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1896 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Prolepsis.., in a special sense, return of a paroxysm before the usual time. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1450
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