programmingn.

Brit.

/ˈprəʊɡramɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈproʊˌɡræmɪŋ/

Forms: 1800s– programming, 1900s– programing (chiefly U.S., rare).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: programme v., programme n., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < either programme v. or programme n. + -ing suffix¹.

†1. attributive. The writing of programme notes (programme note n. at programme n. Compounds 1a). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > study or science of music > [noun] > writing programme notes, etc.

programming1889

programme-building1911

1889 G. B. Shaw in Star 11 Nov. 2/4 Sir George patronised everyone in his programming days.

a. The selection or scheduling of a programme of events or performances.

ΚΠ

1896 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 11 May 1/4 Stories are leaking out about the programming at the convention.

1948 Notes 5 254 The programming of The Bell Witch would be a rewarding experience for an ambitious choir.

1989 N.Y. Times 23 Dec. 22/5 The 17-minute work made an odd partner to the Ninth. The only programming theory one can concoct is that both works are freighted with extramusical idealism.

1991 New Art Examiner Apr. 27/1 There is a perception that the programming here..is not that aggressive in terms of getting in really cutting-edge artists.

b. Broadcasting. The choosing, arrangement, or broadcasting of radio or television programmes; (also) such programmes collectively.See also reality programming n. at reality n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > broadcasting > putting on or producing broadcast > [noun] > choosing content

programme-building1911

programming1925

programme control1945

1925 Los Angeles Times 15 Feb. ii. 17/4 Whether a worker be engaged in radio science, engineering, selling, publishing, operating or programming, he can feel that his contribution..is an essential one.

1939 Billboard 13 May 8/1 Television has a long way to go to solve its programing, production and talent problems.

1952 B. Ulanov Hist. Jazz in Amer. xviii. 226 WNEW, the New York radio station that has proved most adventurous in its programming of popular music.

1973 Guardian 16 Mar. 10/1 ‘Complementary programming’, the principle on which BBC-2 now gives you a serious programme while BBC-1 has a light one.

1989 D. Morrow & M. Keyes Conc. Hist. Sport in Canada 278 In 1989 cable companies have introduced channels offering only sport programming.

2005 Wired Dec. 138/2 This device slips into a slot on your HD display, allowing you to watch digital cable programming without a cable set-top box.

3. The operation or practice of programming a computer; the writing or preparation of computer programs.application, mask, structured programming: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > programming language > program or code > [noun] > action

programming1942

coding1946

applications engineering1947

computer programming1952

applications programming1962

application programming1965

1942 J. W. Mauchly Use High Speed Vacuum Tube Devices for Calculating (Moore School of Electr. Engin., Univ. Pennsylvania) in B. Randell Origins Digital Computers (1973) 331 Because the programming device, which consists of additions to be made, requires a certain time for its operation, we will set our estimate as 11R.

1945 J. P. Eckert et al. Descr. ENIAC (PB 86242) (Moore School of Electr. Engin., Univ. of Pennsylvania) b–1 An elementary programming procedure.

1947 Electronic Engin. 19 107/1 It remains to show how the automatic sequencing of operations—or programming—is achieved.

1954 Sci. News 34 60 The ‘programming’ of calculations to be done by computors is lengthy and tedious.

1996 W. Shatner Return xliii. 322 Then the torture of Kirk's programming..to create an automaton with but one, perverted purpose.

2004 H. Kunzru Transmission (2005) 108 He taught himself assembly language, and by his late teens had begun to excel in all sorts of more conventional programming tasks.

4. Planning carried out for purposes of control, management, or administration.linear, mathematical, quadratic programming: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > for purposes of control or management

programming1943

1943 Sun (Baltimore) 1 July 14/2 The President transferred from Mr. Jones' RFC to Mr. Wallace's BEW full control over the programming of imported strategic materials.

1959 Listener 21 May 884/2 The design of controls, the programming of production methods, and so forth.

1976 G. Mitra Theory & Applic. Math. Programming i. 1 Optimization or Programming problems are primarily concerned with the efficient use of limited resources.

1998 Manuf. Managem. July–Aug. (I.T. Solutions Suppl.) 27/1 Production scheduling systems have come a long way from the simple programming of the manufacturing resource planning (MRP) system.

5. U.S. Psychology and Education. The preparation and organization of the material necessary to a course of programmed instruction.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > [noun] > other methods of teaching

demonstration1742

bear-leading1766

royal road1793

tachydidaxy1846

object teaching1851

object system1862

methodic1864

community education1873

methodics1883

maieutics1885

type-system1901

direct method1904

spoon-feeding1905

play method1914

playway1914

project method1916

active learning1919

study skills1924

skit1926

free activity1929

hypnopaedia1932

sleep-teaching1932

chalk and talk1937

show-and-tell1941

demo1945

naming of (the) parts1946

team teaching1949

teleteaching1953

programming1954

audio-lingualism1961

immersion1965

dem1968

open learning1970

suggestopaedia1970

suggestopedy1970

distance learning1972

fast-tracking1972

paideia1982

tutorial1984

m-learning2001

1954 B. F. Skinner in Harvard Law Rev. 24 96 In addition to the advantages which can be gained from precise reinforcement and careful programming, the device will teach reading at the same time.

1976 W. B. Kolesnik Learning vi. 125 While programming does sometimes involve the use of mechanical or electronic equipment, it need not do so.

1978 Tucson (Arizona) Mag. Dec. 37/1 Other types of tapes are also becoming available. You can buy educational material and ‘how-to’ programming.

2001 Jrnl. Negro Educ. 70 261 Effective after-school programming has improved both social and academic outcomes for urban children.

Compounds

programming language n. a system of precisely defined symbols and rules devised for writing computer programs (cf. language n. 1d, machine language n. at machine n. Compounds 2).

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > programming language > [noun]

language1947

programming language1959

computerese1960

dialect1960

1959 Computer Bull. 2 81/1 This committee held three meetings starting on 24 January 1958 and discussed many technical details of programming language.

1964 Jrnl. Assoc. Computing Machinery 11 21 Emphasis has been placed on simplicity and intuitiveness while maintaining so far as possible the inherent power of a high-level programming language.

2001 Financial Times 27 Jan. 15/1 Microsoft has launched a counter-attack against Sun Microsystems in the latest skirmish in their long-running battle over the widely used Java programming language.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	programming
释义	programmingn. Brit. /ˈprəʊɡramɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈproʊˌɡræmɪŋ/ Forms: 1800s– programming, 1900s– programing (chiefly U.S., rare). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: programme v., programme n., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < either programme v. or programme n. + -ing suffix¹. †1. attributive. The writing of programme notes (programme note n. at programme n. Compounds 1a). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > study or science of music > [noun] > writing programme notes, etc. programming1889 programme-building1911 1889 G. B. Shaw in Star 11 Nov. 2/4 Sir George patronised everyone in his programming days. 2. a. The selection or scheduling of a programme of events or performances. ΚΠ 1896 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 11 May 1/4 Stories are leaking out about the programming at the convention. 1948 Notes 5 254 The programming of The Bell Witch would be a rewarding experience for an ambitious choir. 1989 N.Y. Times 23 Dec. 22/5 The 17-minute work made an odd partner to the Ninth. The only programming theory one can concoct is that both works are freighted with extramusical idealism. 1991 New Art Examiner Apr. 27/1 There is a perception that the programming here..is not that aggressive in terms of getting in really cutting-edge artists. b. Broadcasting. The choosing, arrangement, or broadcasting of radio or television programmes; (also) such programmes collectively.See also reality programming n. at reality n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > putting on or producing broadcast > [noun] > choosing content programme-building1911 programming1925 programme control1945 1925 Los Angeles Times 15 Feb. ii. 17/4 Whether a worker be engaged in radio science, engineering, selling, publishing, operating or programming, he can feel that his contribution..is an essential one. 1939 Billboard 13 May 8/1 Television has a long way to go to solve its programing, production and talent problems. 1952 B. Ulanov Hist. Jazz in Amer. xviii. 226 WNEW, the New York radio station that has proved most adventurous in its programming of popular music. 1973 Guardian 16 Mar. 10/1 ‘Complementary programming’, the principle on which BBC-2 now gives you a serious programme while BBC-1 has a light one. 1989 D. Morrow & M. Keyes Conc. Hist. Sport in Canada 278 In 1989 cable companies have introduced channels offering only sport programming. 2005 Wired Dec. 138/2 This device slips into a slot on your HD display, allowing you to watch digital cable programming without a cable set-top box. 3. The operation or practice of programming a computer; the writing or preparation of computer programs.application, mask, structured programming: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > programming language > program or code > [noun] > action programming1942 coding1946 applications engineering1947 computer programming1952 applications programming1962 application programming1965 1942 J. W. Mauchly Use High Speed Vacuum Tube Devices for Calculating (Moore School of Electr. Engin., Univ. Pennsylvania) in B. Randell Origins Digital Computers (1973) 331 Because the programming device, which consists of additions to be made, requires a certain time for its operation, we will set our estimate as 11R. 1945 J. P. Eckert et al. Descr. ENIAC (PB 86242) (Moore School of Electr. Engin., Univ. of Pennsylvania) b–1 An elementary programming procedure. 1947 Electronic Engin. 19 107/1 It remains to show how the automatic sequencing of operations—or programming—is achieved. 1954 Sci. News 34 60 The ‘programming’ of calculations to be done by computors is lengthy and tedious. 1996 W. Shatner Return xliii. 322 Then the torture of Kirk's programming..to create an automaton with but one, perverted purpose. 2004 H. Kunzru Transmission (2005) 108 He taught himself assembly language, and by his late teens had begun to excel in all sorts of more conventional programming tasks. 4. Planning carried out for purposes of control, management, or administration.linear, mathematical, quadratic programming: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > for purposes of control or management programming1943 1943 Sun (Baltimore) 1 July 14/2 The President transferred from Mr. Jones' RFC to Mr. Wallace's BEW full control over the programming of imported strategic materials. 1959 Listener 21 May 884/2 The design of controls, the programming of production methods, and so forth. 1976 G. Mitra Theory & Applic. Math. Programming i. 1 Optimization or Programming problems are primarily concerned with the efficient use of limited resources. 1998 Manuf. Managem. July–Aug. (I.T. Solutions Suppl.) 27/1 Production scheduling systems have come a long way from the simple programming of the manufacturing resource planning (MRP) system. 5. U.S. Psychology and Education. The preparation and organization of the material necessary to a course of programmed instruction. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > [noun] > other methods of teaching demonstration1742 bear-leading1766 royal road1793 tachydidaxy1846 object teaching1851 object system1862 methodic1864 community education1873 methodics1883 maieutics1885 type-system1901 direct method1904 spoon-feeding1905 play method1914 playway1914 project method1916 active learning1919 study skills1924 skit1926 free activity1929 hypnopaedia1932 sleep-teaching1932 chalk and talk1937 show-and-tell1941 demo1945 naming of (the) parts1946 team teaching1949 teleteaching1953 programming1954 audio-lingualism1961 immersion1965 dem1968 open learning1970 suggestopaedia1970 suggestopedy1970 distance learning1972 fast-tracking1972 paideia1982 tutorial1984 m-learning2001 1954 B. F. Skinner in Harvard Law Rev. 24 96 In addition to the advantages which can be gained from precise reinforcement and careful programming, the device will teach reading at the same time. 1976 W. B. Kolesnik Learning vi. 125 While programming does sometimes involve the use of mechanical or electronic equipment, it need not do so. 1978 Tucson (Arizona) Mag. Dec. 37/1 Other types of tapes are also becoming available. You can buy educational material and ‘how-to’ programming. 2001 Jrnl. Negro Educ. 70 261 Effective after-school programming has improved both social and academic outcomes for urban children. Compounds programming language n. a system of precisely defined symbols and rules devised for writing computer programs (cf. language n. 1d, machine language n. at machine n. Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > programming language > [noun] language1947 programming language1959 computerese1960 dialect1960 1959 Computer Bull. 2 81/1 This committee held three meetings starting on 24 January 1958 and discussed many technical details of programming language. 1964 Jrnl. Assoc. Computing Machinery 11 21 Emphasis has been placed on simplicity and intuitiveness while maintaining so far as possible the inherent power of a high-level programming language. 2001 Financial Times 27 Jan. 15/1 Microsoft has launched a counter-attack against Sun Microsystems in the latest skirmish in their long-running battle over the widely used Java programming language. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1889
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