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单词 profundity
释义

profundityn.

Brit. /prəˈfʌndᵻti/, U.S. /prəˈfəndədi/, /proʊˈfəndədi/
Forms: late Middle English profoundite, late Middle English profounditee, late Middle English–1500s (1600s Scottish) profundite, 1500s profoundyte, 1500s profunditye, 1500s–1600s profunditie, 1500s–1800s profoundity, 1500s– profundity, 1600s profundyte, 1700s profounditie.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French profundité; Latin profunditas.
Etymology: < Middle French profundité depth (c1377; Middle French, French profondité (a1475); compare earlier Anglo-Norman parfoundeté , Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French parfondeté (a1170)) and its etymon post-classical Latin profunditas depth, deepness (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), depth of wisdom, insight (Vetus Latina, Vulgate), abstruseness (4th cent.), depth as a dimension (4th or 5th cent.), deep place, abyss, immensity (5th cent.), intensity, thoroughness (1561 in the passage translated in quot. 1576 at sense 3) < classical Latin profundus profound adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix1; compare -ity suffix). Compare Catalan profunditat (14th cent.), Spanish profundidad (c1440), Portuguese profundidade (15th cent.), Italian profondità (1282). Compare profoundness n. and later profundeur n., profunditude n.
1.
a. The quality of being deep; great or vast depth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > extension downwards or depth > [noun] > great or considerable depth
deepnessc1384
lownessa1387
profundity?a1425
profoundness1509
depth1526
lowth1526
hownessa1605
profunditudec1616
profundeur1658
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [noun] > manifestation of respect > bowing, kneeling, or curtseying > a bow or curtsey > extreme lowness (of a bow)
profundity1878
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 103v Dislocacioun of þis iuncture is signified..by comon signez þat ar eminence & profounditee [?c1425 Paris depenesse] or vnwont concauitee.
1566 I. A. tr. Pliny Hist. World xvi. sig. Hiiij Esculus..is a tree, that hath such profunditie or deepenesse in the earth, as it hath aboue the ground in height.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey iv. 233 The ditch..of an incredible profunditie.
1661 P. Jenkin Amorea 11 The dangers of the Seas Profundity.
1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 33 How striking the profundity of the abysses!
1843 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters I. 186 We can plunge far and farther, and without stay or end, into the profundity of space.
1878 W. Besant & J. Rice By Celia's Arbour I. xvii. 248 With another bow of greater profundity than would have become an Englishman.
1891 G. H. Kingsley in Field 10 Jan. 39/2 Some have to be contented with the second ratedness of a swirly hole, as against the profundity of Lake Superior.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 624 What in water..did Bloom admire?.. Its unplumbed profundity in the Sundam trench of the Pacific exceeding 8.000 fathoms.
1995 Sunday Times (Nexis) 1 Jan. This water..is uncannily, shiveringly deep, and queer things live in its ice-cold profundity.
b. A very deep place, an abyss; the deepest part or parts of something. Also figurative. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > extension downwards or depth > [noun] > great or considerable depth > deep place, part, or thing
piteOE
bottomOE
swallowa1100
profundity?a1425
abysmc1475
bisme1483
gulfa1533
abyss1538
fathom1608
profound1640
a well of a1843
subterranean1912
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Hunterian) f. 53v Foure notabel sinewes..passynge þoruȝ þe profundite oþer depnesse [v.r. profounde; L. profundum] of þe bodie..beren felinge and meuynge to alle þe armes.
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 59 The wyndes respirenge and restenge in the profundite [L. in profundum] of hit [sc. the ocean].
1578 J. Banister Hist. Man sig. Cii v There are certaine Circular Processes, which augment the profundities of such Celes as are largely excaued.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 192 A great square profunditie, greene, and uneuen at the bottome, into which a barren spring doth drill.
a1667 P. Mundy Trav. (1914) II. xii. 168 There is a profunditie on it, with a mouth like a well, whereinto..theie turne condemned persons.
1714 S. Cobb News from both Univ. 23 The Man apply'd his Instrument..To view the vast Profundity.
?1790 T. Taylor Diss. Eleusinian & Bacchic Mysteries 108 The soul having sunk into the profundities of a material nature.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. i. 4 She sold tape, thread,..and such feminine gear, to those who had the courage and skill to descend to the profundity of her dwelling.
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick lxxxvi. 375 Out of the bottomless profundities the gigantic tail seems spasmodically snatching at the highest heaven.
1904 W. James in Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 1 533 I propose, therefore..to throw my description into the bubbling vat of publicity where..it will eventually either disappear from notice, or else..quietly subside to the profundities.
1959 P. O'Brian Unknown Shore x. 189 He had come from a very deep sleep, floating up to the surface, as it were, from the bottom of some dark profundity.
c. Downward or inward measurement or extension (esp. as one of the three dimensions of a body, opposed to longitude and latitude); = depth n. 1a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > unintelligibility > depth, obscurity > [noun]
deepnessa1000
subtletya1387
difficultyc1405
mistiheadc1425
darknessc1450
obscurity1474
profoundnessc1475
obscureness1509
profundity1559
perplexity1563
opacity1575
darksomeness1583
perplexednessa1586
deptha1593
spinosity1605
abstruseness1628
abstrusity1649
inevidence1673
enigmaticalness1684
dark1699
indistinctness1704
confusion1729
reconditeness1779
obfuscity1832
oracularity1840
irrecognizability1847
recondity1856
unrecognizableness1865
crypticity1892
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > high intelligence, genius > [noun] > breadth, depth, strength of intellect
strengthOE
largenessa1382
profoundnessc1475
breadth1532
profundity1559
amplitude1575
deptha1593
powerfulnessc1595
universality1605
fathoma1616
spaciousness1657
comprehensiveness1683
grasp1683
altitudo1933
1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse i. f. 39 You must..imagine à streight line, to be the forsaid axe tree, (as also the Circles of which we haue intreatid, beyng voide of Latitude, and Profunditie).
1571 T. Digges in L. Digges's Geom. Pract.: Pantometria xi. sig. Y iij v A right angled Quadrangular direct Prisma, hauing for his longitude, latitude and profunditie these three lines.
1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated ii. vii. 104 The Depth or Profundity is the distance betwixt the Bottome and the Superficies of the Water.
1696 J. Edwards Demonstr. Existence God ii. vi. 122 Its Longitude was..tenfold to its Profundity.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique An Instrument to Gage or Measure the Profundity or Quantity of any Water.
1763 J. Fielding Universal Mentor 145 A body is that, which hath latitude, profundity, and longitude.
1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 2) II. 181 That there is life at much greater profundities in warmer regions may be confidently inferred.
2.
a. Great wisdom or knowledge; acuteness of insight. Also: an insightful observation or idea.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > [noun]
righteousnesseOE
snoterc950
witnessc950
wisdomOE
insightc1175
witc1175
smeighnessc1200
sleighta1300
witternessa1300
inwitc1305
wittiheadc1315
wisenessc1320
witterheda1325
wisehede1340
slyness1357
sapience1377
wisdomhood138.
prudencea1382
sapienta1400
sentencec1400
advice?a1439
sophyc1440
profunditya1500
wittiness1543
Minerva1601
depth1605
Sophia1649
visionariness1817
a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 149 Thou..art..þe hyenes of lif, þe profundite [L. profunditas] of scriptures.
1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. nn.iiijv He is the profoundyte of thyn inenarrable wysdome.
1589 T. Nashe To Students in R. Greene Menaphon Epist. sig. Av Which lies couched most closely vnder darke fables profunditie.
1679 C. Ness Distinct Disc. Antichrist 134 It causeth me to admire the profoundity of the scripture.
1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 278 To incourage you in the profundity of your craft. View more context for this quotation
1758 T. Blacklock Let. 23 Aug. in J. E. Tierney Corr. R. Dodsley (1988) 365 From the profundity & extent of his learning, it wou'd be hard to perswade one that he had ever been out of the closet.
1788 R. Cumberland Observer IV. cx. 155 In one we may respect the profundity of learning, in the other we must admire the sublimity of genius.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xv. 151 The Captain..with an air of wisdom and profundity..applied himself to the consideration of the subject.
1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets vii. 198 The admiration which every student of Sophocles must feel for the profundity of his design.
1921 J. Galsworthy To Let 33 With the profundity of one not too long for any age, Jolyon perceived that under slightly different surfaces the era was precisely what it had been.
1946 Time 28 Jan. 29/2 Heidegger's ultimately cynical subjectivism rather than the Danish prophet's [sc. Kierkegaard's] Christian profundity determined Sartre's concept of man's responsibility.
2000 Time Out 26 Jan. 100/3 As a self-referential work it lacks the layering and the profundity of, for example, Tristram Shandy.
b. In plural. Matters requiring great knowledge or wisdom to be understood; the essential truths, mysteries, or problems of a particular field of knowledge.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > unintelligibility > depth, obscurity > [noun] > instance of
subtletya1387
obscurity1495
difficulty?1504
ambage1520
profundities1582
abstrusity1632
concavity1650
mysterious1836
oracularity1840
Pickwickianism1860
in-reference1967
1582 Bible (Rheims) 1 Cor. ii. 10 The Spirit searcheth al things, yea the profoundities of God [L. profunda Dei].
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. iii. 330 I am..not able to diue into these profundities, not able to vnderstand, much lesse to discusse.
1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing xxii. 214 We must have a full prospect into the whole Archidoxis of Nature's secrets, and the immense profundities of occult Philosophy.
1701 S. Nye Doctr. Holy Trinity 142 This Book treats of the Profundities of the Kabbala.
1775 P. Duigenan Pranceriana 81 You have been able..to fathom the profundities of ancient literature.
1830 W. J. Snelling Tales of Northwest 200 We pretend not to expound the freaks of passion, any more than the profundities of philosophy.
1895 Argosy Sept. 580/2 The profundities of the differential and integral calculus..are pleasure to a mentality of his grasp and concentration.
1930 Clearfield (Pa.) Progress 8 Aug. 11/1 In the simple, beautiful and natural story of Hannah,..we impinge upon the profundities which transcend book-taught knowledge.
2002 G. Ward in O. Davies & D. Turner Silence & Word viii. 159 In a world in which mathematics map the profundities of what is real, the world of words has shrunk.
3. Great depth or extent of a state, quality, or emotion; intensity.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > intense emotion > [noun] > intensity or depth
strengthOE
deepnessc1175
inliheadc1450
profundity1565
depth1597
keenness1600
profoundness1612
poignancy1745
poignance1812
intensity1830
inwardness1836
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [noun]
highnesseOE
strengthOE
altitude?a1475
vehemence1535
vehemency1546
profundity1565
height1601
profoundness1612
depth1624
intensenessa1631
exquisiteness1650
eminence1651
intensivenessa1656
intensity1665
1565 J. Hall tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. ii. x. 22 In thys thynge is..tremblyng of the harte, with profundity, or depenesse of sleape.
1622 J. Reynolds Triumphs Gods Revenge: 2nd Bk. x. 162 His [grief] hypocriticall and faigned, as derived from the profundity of his malice and revenge towards him.
1659 E. Reynolds Misery of Deserted People 3 Profundity of desperate wickedness, as that of Gibeah.
1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) II. 75 The profundity of our own ignorance.
1832 L. Hunt Sir Ralph Esher I. vii. 152 The profundity of his admiration.
1882 Ballou's Monthly Mag. Aug. 145/2 The impecunious are quotidianly depleted to a greater profundity of impecuniosity.
1904 J. London Sea-wolf xxxviii. 356 That intelligence..knew only itself and the vastness and profundity of the quiet and the dark.
1948 Council Bluffs (Iowa) Nonpareil 4 Sept. 4/2 The profundity of his dedication to the principles enunciated by his Master made him an unexcelled mentor.
2004 Daily Variety (Nexis) 27 Feb. 8 We want at least a communicated profundity of feeling.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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