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单词 privileged
释义

privilegedadj.

Brit. /ˈprɪv(ᵻ)lɪdʒd/, /ˈprɪvl̩ɪdʒd/, U.S. /ˈprɪv(ə)lɪdʒd/
Forms: see privilege n. and -ed suffix1; also Scottish pre-1700 prewaleggit, pre-1700 privilegeit.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: privilege n., -ed suffix2; privilege v., -ed suffix1.
Etymology: Partly < privilege n. + -ed suffix2, and partly < privilege v. + -ed suffix1. Compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French privilegié (1283 in Old French).
1. Of a place: constituting a recognized sanctuary or refuge. Cf. privilege n. 5. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [adjective] > having right of affording sanctuary
privileged1431
franchised1503
privilegious1599
1431 Petition (P.R.O.) 25.1238 (MED) A writt of attachement is passed by þe seid auctorite ayenst the seid William, the whuche..absentuth hym in place priueleged and wolle not appere.
1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 12 §8 There shall not be at any one tyme above the nombre of twenty of the said privileged personnes hereafter to be admittid and receyvid into any one of the said privileged place and territories aforesaid.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 108 A priueledged place for all fugitiues.
1683 J. Smallwood tr. Plutarch Life Romulus in J. Dryden et al. tr. Plutarch Lives I. 79 They opened a Sanctuary..where they receiv'd and protected all, delivering none back,..saying, it was a priviledg'd Place.
1735 W. Pardon Dyche's New Gen. Eng. Dict. Bolter, a Cant Name for one who hides himself in his own House, or some priviledged Place.
1787 T. Jefferson Let. 30 Aug. in Papers (1955) XII. 67 The government..had the streets constantly patrolled by strong parties, suspended privileged places, forbad all clubs, etc.
1835 T. E. Tomlins Law Dict. (ed. 4) I. at Arrest Formerly one great obstruction to public justice, civil as well as criminal, was the number of privileged places such as the Mint, Savoy, &c. under pretence of their being ancient palaces.
1924 I. D. Thornley in R. W. Seton-Watson Tudor Stud. 190 The City fathers said that they dare not even open the letter in the Tower, which was a privileged place and outside their jurisdiction.
1980 Oxf. Compan. Law 996/2 Privileged places, places in or near the city of London where a right of sanctuary was believed to exist. They comprised Whitefriars, The Savoy, Salisbury Court, [etc.]. The right, if any, was abolished in 1697.
2.
a. Of a person, or class of people: having or enjoying certain privileges, rights, or advantages; treated with special favour.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [adjective] > having such right
privileged1435
prerogativeda1603
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [adjective] > having immunities or privileges (of things)
privileged1435
privilegiate1609
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [adjective] > entitled > to a special right
privileged1435
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [adjective] > entitled > to a special right > specifically of things
privileged1435
privilegiate1609
R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 50 I of men priuelegid speek, for Ioy of godis lufe in to gostly songis or heuenly sound behaldandly for to be takyn.
1523 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 34 Yf any indytement of murder or felonye, riotts, unlawfull assembles, or other things..be taken agaynst any priviledged person.
1574 J. Studley tr. J. Bale Pageant of Popes vi. f. 126 Charging him not to molest Scotland..anye longer, because the Scottes were a priuiledged people belonging to his Chappell.
1621 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1816) IV. 626/2 That no castor hattis be vsit..bot be the priuiledgit persounes.
1648 H. Parker Of Free Trade 26 All priviledged Merchants, especially the Adventurers of England (whose priviledges are lookt upon as so ample) have had Adversaries alwaies to wrestle.
1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 33 Where a scholar or privileged person is one of the parties.
1833 A. Alison Hist. Europe during French Revol. I. i. 15 The descendants of the people in one age become the privileged order in the next.
1888 J. W. Burgon Lives Twelve Good Men I. i. 78 He was scarcely ever seen except by a privileged few.
1937 ‘G. Orwell’ in New English Weekly 29 July 308/2 The Popular Army..modelled as far as possible on an ordinary bourgeois army, with a privileged officer-caste.
1951 D. Thomas Let. 24 June (1987) 801 I feel privileged to be allowed to read your poems in manuscript.
1980 H. Sklar Trilateralism p. ix I want to express my gratitude to all the contributors to this volume,..with whom I am very privileged to have worked.
2004 New Internationalist Sept. 14/1 For these privileged urbanites, the slogans of capitalism have long replaced the wisdom of Chairman Mao.
b. Of a thing: invested with or carrying certain privileges; treated with special favour or as having particular importance.
ΚΠ
1477 Rolls of Parl. VI. 185/2 In pryvat and pryvileged places.
1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epist. 45 In other priuiledged English translations it is, And they [etc.].
1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes i. f. 24v Priuileged testamentes are those, which are enriched with some speciall freedome or benefit, contrarie to the common course of law.
1605 B. Jonson Sejanus ii. sig. E3 With what bold, and priuiledg'd arte, they raile Against Augusta. View more context for this quotation
1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i. 103 The patriotic members of the two chambers, who saw into the folly, mischief, and injustice of artificial privileged distinctions.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. ix. 437 Privileged districts, within which the Papal government had no more power than within the Louvre or the Escurial.
1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 781/2 The privileged position of the abbey tenants gradually led the other men of the valley to ‘commend’ themselves to the abbey.
1927 Times 19 Dec. 13/3 There is a..section of the Cooperative movement that would not hesitate to barter its spiritual heritage in return for a privileged place in the Socialist scheme of things.
1969 H. S. Thompson Let. 19 Nov. in Fear & Loathing in Amer. (2000) 218 The old, Hearst-style journalists had a privileged relationship with power.
1994 H. Bloom Western Canon iii. x. 241 The Old Cumberland Beggar..is not the agent of a revelation; he does not startle the poet into a privileged moment of vision.
3. Christian Church. Designating a feast or observance in the church calendar which is placed in the highest, or a higher, category of importance. Now chiefly historical.Used chiefly for the purpose of assessing which feast or observance should take precedence when two fall on the same date.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > [adjective] > important
privileged1655
1655 A. Sparrow Rationale Bk. Common Prayer 14 If any Sunday be, as they call it a priviledged day; that is, if it hath the history of it expressed in Scripture, such as Easter, Whitsunday, &c. then there are peculiar and proper Lessons appointed for it.
1763 Divine Office for Use of Laity I. 9 Doubles are always kept on the day marked in the Calendar, unless they chance to fall on some Sunday of the first Class, some privileged Feria, or within certain Octaves, which take place of the Festivals.
1784 Laity’s Direct. (front matter) A Votive..may be said for some Saint, or festival, except within a privileged Octave, such as the Octave of Christmas, Epiphany, Holy Week, Easter, Whitsuntide, Corpus Christi, and some other particular Days.
1877 J. D. Chambers Divine Worship Eng. v. 87 The Privileged Sundays, according to the present Anglican Rite, appear, beside the Principal Double Festivals and their Octaves, to be the First Sunday in Advent, Passion Sunday and Palm Sunday, and Sunday within the Octave of the Ascension. The Privileged Ferials: Ash Wednesday, the Four Days before Easter, the Vigils, Fasts and days of Abstinence above enumerated.
1938 Times 29 Apr. 12/5 St. George's Day has the disadvantage of again and again..falling in Easter Week; when its observance is banned by the privileged Octave of Easter.
1953 Anglican Services v. 56 Ordinary (or lesser) Sundays..give way..to feasts or the privileged Octave days of feasts of Our Lord.
1956 tr. J. Daniélou Bible & Liturgy xvi. 276 The Sunday within the octave of Easter..was in a way the ‘eighth day’ par excellence, the most privileged octave-day.
2003 J. F. White Roman Catholic Worship iv. 85 Pius XI gave it [sc. the feast of the Sacred Heart] a privileged octave in 1928.
4. (Implicitly) regarded or treated as fundamental, central, or uniquely significant; prioritized; given special prominence, emphasis, or endorsement. Cf. privilege v. 4.
ΚΠ
1906 Mind 15 133 M. Ribot has called emotional abstracts some general ideas which have not their origin in a fusion of particular images, but result from their being grouped about a privileged sentiment.
1911 N. M. Paul & ‘W. S. Palmer’ tr. H. Bergson Matter & Memory i. 12 Here is a system of images..which may be entirely altered by a very slight change in a certain privileged image,—my body. This image occupies the centre; by it all the others are conditioned.
1949 Yale French Stud. No. 3. 30 Between the moment when Giraudoux tacks toward his goal and the moment when he abandons it with a hyperbole, is a privileged instant when his criticism reaches its point of equilibrium.
1967 MLN 82 565 One would have expected that an intellectual current which took so much of its inspiration from linguistics would have turned to literature as a privileged domain.
1984 K. Linker in B. Wallis Art after Modernism vii. 400 Associated with the object lost in primal repression, its privileged image is the phallic mother, the pre-Oedipal mother.
2000 J. Caughie Television Drama v. 144 William's is the privileged discourse through which the viewer comes to understand what is at stake in the story.

Compounds

privileged altar n. Roman Catholic Church (a) now historical an altar at which special indulgences could formerly be obtained by the saying of masses (see quot. 1885); (b) an altar at which votive Masses may be said even on days when in other churches this would be forbidden.
ΚΠ
1616 P. Hay Vision Balaams Asse iv. 52 Which houses bee no way endued with rents nor prouided, but only referred to voluntary charitie: for helpe whereof, the Pope doth grant them some priuiledged Altars, with extraordinary Indulgences.
1705 W. Bromley Remarks Grand Tour France & Italy (ed. 2) 141 Here it may not be improper to give some Account what a Priviledged Altar is. When the Pope grants a Privilege to an Altar, he declares, that a Mass said there, for any Soul in Purgatory, even the most obnoxious, shall in the same moment deliver it thence.
1800 A. Geddes Modest Apol. Rom. Catholics ii. 184 I am not ignorant, that the practice of praying for the dead is liable to abuses..and that a number of scholastic and monkish innovations have tended to make the Doctrine digusting: such as..Privileged Altars.
1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) Privileged altar, (1) An altar..by visiting which certain indulgences may be gained. (2) An altar at which Votive Masses may be said even on certain feasts which are doubles... (3) Altars with a plenary indulgence for one soul in purgatory attached to all Masses said at them for the dead.
1930 A. C. Flick Decline Medieval Church II. xxvii. 450 Certain privileged altars in Rome were granted exceptional indulgences.
1980 Compar. Stud. Society & Hist. 22 556 Four other privileged altars..are either neglected or the site of no particularly important cult.
1992 Burlington Mag. July 433/2 It was for this, one of the seven privileged altars in St Peter's, that Caravaggio painted his ill-fated Madonna dei Palafrenieri.
privileged book n. now historical a book for which sole or exclusive rights to printing or publication are held; cf. privilege n. 8a.
ΚΠ
1590 H. Barrow & J. Greenwood Coll. Sclaunderous Articles sig. Dijv I..haue in the meane while bene greuouslie sclandered, blasphemed and accused, by sparsed articles, printed priuiledged books, in theire pulpets, [etc.].
?1765 Memorial Booksellers Edinb. & Glasgow 7 The Prohibition of dealing in privileged Books, is not stronger than the Prohibition of killing Salmon in forbidden time.
1988 J. Feather Hist. Brit. Publishing (2000) v. 59 Disputes between the Stationers' Company and both universities about the right of the universities to print almanacs and other privileged books.
privileged cab n. now historical = privilege cab n. at privilege n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles (plying) for hire > [noun] > hackney carriage > with exclusive right to stand in specific place
privileged cab1852
privilege cab1868
1852 Times 18 Oct. 7/4 An unjust monopoly on the part of the railway company in giving to a certain number of privileged cabs the exclusive right of profiting by what may be called the railway cab traffic of the metropolis.
1999 T. May Victorian & Edwardian Horse Cabs 12 Only privileged cabs were allowed to use the station cab stand in order to pick up passengers.
privileged communication n. Law (a) a communication that may not be entered into evidence because of a protected relationship between the speakers (as an attorney and client, husband and wife, or doctor and patient); (b) a communication made between such persons and in such circumstances that it is not actionable, unless made with malice.
ΚΠ
1809 T. Starkie Treatise on Law of Slander 242 Lord Ellenborough, C. J. said, ‘I am inclined to think that this was a privileged communication.’
1893 Boston Daily Globe 9 Feb. 2/3 The report..was made in good faith and was a privileged communication.
1956 E. S. Gardner Case of Demure Defendant 130 ‘Objected to’ Mason said, ‘as calling for a privileged communication, as betraying the confidential relationship existing between a doctor and a patient.’
2000 Mod. Law Rev. 63 111 Allowing a party to rely on privileged communications in pleadings but then keeping those communications privileged from production may hinder effective trial preparation.
privileged debt n. a debt which has a prior claim to satisfaction.
ΚΠ
1682 in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) II. 25 The expenses of funerals, mournings, entertainment of the family to the first term after the defunct's death, the relict's lying in, and baptism of a posthume child, are all privileged debts.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Debt Privileged Debt, is that which must be satisfied before all others; As, the King's Tax, &c.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. Privileged Debts are those which humanity has rendered preferable on the funds of a deceased person, and which an executor may pay without decree; as, 1. Sickbed and funeral expenses... 2. Mournings for the widow [etc.]. 3. A year's rent of the house, and servants' wages since the last term.
1900 Times 6 July 3/5 A further £50,000 would have to be raised to provide for a mortgage and certain privileged debts.
2003 Business Credit (Nexis) 1 May 63 In accordance with Article 1557, debts afforded a preference include privileged debts, security interests and mortgages.
privileged deed n. Scots Law Obsolete a deed which is valid without witnesses' signatures (as a holograph deed, etc.).
ΚΠ
1773 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. II. iii. ii. 435 Bills therefore have not that limited effect, by the laws of Scotland, which other privileged deeds have, that want some of the legal solemnities.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. Privileged Deeds. A legal deed requires certain statutory solemnities; but, from this rule, exceptions have been made in favour of certain deeds and writings on grounds of necessity or expediency.
1879 Globe Encycl. V. 224/2 Privileged deeds are deeds held legal without the general statutory execution. The most important classes are Holograph..deeds, mercantile letters, and bills and promissory notes.
privileged share n. = preference share n. at preference n. Compounds.
ΚΠ
1845 Times 27 Oct. 8/2 To avert this calamity the directors were under the dismal necessity of issuing fresh and privileged shares bearing interest.
1922 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 4 Jan. 4/5 In every German industrial enterprise, privileged shares were to be created, and a mortgage would be established on the railways, canals, marine companies, and commercial enterprises and banks.
1996 Economist (Nexis) 13 July 68 Many entrepreneurs in France fear that selling shares to outsiders means losing control. The typical result is a series of holding companies buttressed by double-voting rights for a few privileged shares.
privileged stock n. = preference stock n. at preference n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > stock > bought, sold, or dealt on particular terms
bear1709
bull1714
bearskin1719
trust stock1733
preference stock1845
preferred stock1848
trustee stock1855
short1868
privileged stock1875
future1880
junior stock1914
curb-stocks1915
long1930
junk bond1974
1875 Times 27 Feb. 10/2 What possible reason could there be for putting one part of it [sc. the company's ordinary stock] before another now and making that a 6 per cent. privileged stock?
1993 Evening Standard (Nexis) 18 Feb. 37 The speculation surrounding Fiat helped to boost the whole market, and the privileged stock of the Agnelli industrial holding company IFI, which controls Fiat, gained nearly 11%.
privileged summons n. Scots Law a summons in which the usual allowance of time between the citation of a person and his or her appearance in court is shortened.
ΚΠ
1527 in Archaeol. & Hist. Coll. County of Renfrew (1885) I. 136 And the said James and Thomas [etc.]..to have previlegit summondis aganis the said lord.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. Privileged Summonses,..a class of summonses in which, from the nature of the cause of action, the ordinary induciæ..are shortened.
1946 A. D. Gibb Students' Gloss. Sc. Legal Terms 68 Privileged summons, one in which, from the nature of the case, short induciae are allowed.
privileged villeinage n. [after post-classical Latin villenagium privilegiatum (from 13th cent. in British legal sources)] Medieval History a form of villeinage in which the service due was defined and limited, as distinguished from pure villeinage.
ΚΠ
1660 W. Somner Treat. Gavelkind 141 Here you see Villanum Socagium of Bracton and others, rendred by Villenagium privilegiatum, i.e. priviledged Villenage.
1780 W. T. Ayres Compar. View Differences Eng. & Irish Statute I. 149 The tenure by privileged villeinage, or villein socage, is such as has been held of the kings from the conquest.
1950 Eng. Hist. Rev. 65 163 In this account, change and novelty characterize the privileged villeinage of the royal manors.
2004 Columbia Encycl. (ed. 6) at Villein In privileged villeinage the services to be rendered to the lord were certain and determined; in pure villeinage the services were unspecified.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1431
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