airlessadj.

Brit.

/ˈɛːləs/, U.S.

/ˈɛrləs/

Forms: see air n.¹ and -less suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: air n.¹, -less suffix.

Etymology: < air n.¹ + -less suffix.

a. Stuffy; unventilated, not open to the air.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > environmental pollution > [adjective] > bad air > not ventilated

fat1598

airlessa1616

unaired1682

unventilated1712

unperflated1768

mochy1825

fuggy1888

fugged1971

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. iii. 93 Nor Stonie Tower, nor Walls of beaten Brasse, Nor ayre-lesse Dungeon.

1731 D. Mallet Eurydice iii. ii. 38 Chain'd in a dungeon's airless depth.

a1745 J. Richardson Morning Thoughts (1776) 255 All dark the airless rooms!

1780 Mirror No. 92. 365 In the garret-story of a dark airless house.

1808 E. Hamilton Cottagers of Glenburnie xi. 238 She was anxious to have Robert removed from the dark and airless passage in which he lay.

1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations I. xi. 176 It had an airless smell that was oppressive.

1881 Daily News 7 Dec. 5/3 The inside of the coach is a mere airless box.

1905 T. N. Annandale Faroes 131 A Farish cottage is generally clean, an Icelandic farmhouse is almost as often airless, filthy, and verminous.

1957 C. MacInnes City of Spades (1959) ii. xiv. 193 Theodora..had parliamented with the secretary in an airless corridor.

2004 New Yorker 4 Oct. 66/3 Most of the documents are now kept on the roof of the municipal building, in an airless slant-ceilinged storeroom.

b. Without air; lacking an atmosphere.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > [adjective] > having no

airless1836

atmosphereless1858

1755 Dick Hazard ii. ii. 157 The next Day they had Notice given them to retire, and accordingly got into their almost airless Retreat.

1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 66 Roll'd round Earth her airless realms of frost.

1836 R. Mudie et al. Wesley's Compend. Nat. Philos. III. iii. 69 The airless and streamless, and therefore the plantless and the tenantless moon.

1867 G. H. Lewes tr. I. Kant in Hist. Philos. (ed. 3) I. 232 In airless space her movements would be more rapid.

1876 A. B. Buckley Short Hist. Nat. Sci. xxi 176 It has to come across a great airless space before it reaches the atmosphere.

1928 Science 18 May p. x/2 A rifle fired in an airless chamber would have the same sort of kick that it would in air.

1962 F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics v. 188 On airless worlds surface materials may be..mixed with cosmic infall, including meteoritic debris.

2002 R. Garcia y Robertson in Asimov's Sci. Fiction Apr. 111 Passengers packed into lounges and staterooms tuned to 3V found themselves staring up from the airless surface of Aetna II.

2. Breezeless, still.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > completely without wind

calmc1440

windless1605

breathless?1614

airless1727

breezelessa1763

unbreathing1814

zephyrlessa1821

dead1861

1727 D. Defoe Evident Advantages Great Brit. iv. 33 The Heats excessive, airless, and not refresh'd with Land Breezes.

1847 J. Wilson Christopher North I. 244 Asleep in the airless sunshine.

1879 W. Collins Rogue's Life vii. 95 The night was so quiet and airless.

1897 M. E. Coleridge King with Two Faces xli. 321 The wind-stirred coolness, the gentle noises of early morning had succeeded the silent, airless heat of the night.

1919 ‘K. Mansfield’ Let. 29 Nov. (1993) III. 125 Today it is dead calm, airless, real earthquake weather.

1947 D. Thomas Let. 30 June (1987) 647 The nights are almost intolerably muffling, airless, mosquitoed.

2001 J. C. Grimwood Pashazade (2003) xxiv. 126 Fifty of Iskandryia's great and good would turn out into the airless rising heat of a Wednesday morning to see the cloth-wrapped body of Lady Nafisa carried into her family tomb.

3. Not using or breathing air.

ΚΠ

1923 Sci. Monthly Dec. 621 The method of making methane with the aid of the airless bacteria is not new.

1960 Times Rev. Industry Jan. 36/2 The peening of springs for increasing the fatigue life, particularly for the motor industry, can be done in air operated plant as well as the airless type.

1983 Buck & Hickman Catal. 1983–5 484 (heading) Burgess paint spraying equipment... Airless sprayer kit.

1993 Collins Compl. DIY Man. (new ed.) xi. 500/3 In an airless sprayer, an electric pump delivers the paint itself at high pressure to the spray gun.

Compounds

airless injection n. now historical injection of fuel into the cylinder of a diesel engine by means of a fuel pump rather than by compressed air (= solid injection n. at solid adj. Compounds 5); frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > diesel > injection of fuel in

solid injection1915

airless injection1924

1924 H. F. P. Purday Diesel Engine Design (ed. 2) i. 1 There exists a class of high-compression oil engines operating on the Diesel principle, in which the injection of oil is effected by mechanical means without the assistance of an air blast. These engines have been variously termed ‘Solid Injection Engines’, ‘Cold Starting Heavy Oil Engines’, [and] ‘Airless Injection Engines’.

1938 C. Culpin Farm Machinery 390 Most modern Diesels employ solid or airless injection, achieved by use of the fuel pump and injection nozzle.

1988 Financial Times (Nexis) 7 May (Weekend section) p. viii The Orpheus is a grand old girl: 4,811 tons, built..in 1948,..and powered by two Harland and Wolff B & W 10-cylinder two-stroke trunk piston airless injection diesels of 2,800 bhp each.

Derivatives

ˈairlessness n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > condition of not being open to the air

airlessness1831

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > complete absence of wind

calmness1516

calm1517

malace1623

clock-calm1777

Irishman's hurricane1803

Paddy's hurricane1819

airlessness1831

Irish hurricanea1835

windlessness1916

1831 J. Wilson in Blackwood's Mag. July 144 Idle all at once her sails Hang in the airlessness.

1885 ‘L. Malet’ Col. Enderby's Wife ii. iv The shut and darkened windows produced an effect of airlessness.

1947 Astounding Sci. Fiction Nov. 34/2 Did they think that the airlessness of absolute space..could stop Qadgop the Mercoton?

2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees xi. 264 Mangrove trees in general combat the airlessness of the soil by ingenious anatomy.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	airless
释义	airlessadj. Brit. /ˈɛːləs/, U.S. /ˈɛrləs/ Forms: see air n.¹ and -less suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: air n.¹, -less suffix. Etymology: < air n.¹ + -less suffix. 1. a. Stuffy; unventilated, not open to the air. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > environmental pollution > [adjective] > bad air > not ventilated fat1598 airlessa1616 unaired1682 unventilated1712 unperflated1768 mochy1825 fuggy1888 fugged1971 a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. iii. 93 Nor Stonie Tower, nor Walls of beaten Brasse, Nor ayre-lesse Dungeon. View more context for this quotation 1731 D. Mallet Eurydice iii. ii. 38 Chain'd in a dungeon's airless depth. a1745 J. Richardson Morning Thoughts (1776) 255 All dark the airless rooms! 1780 Mirror No. 92. 365 In the garret-story of a dark airless house. 1808 E. Hamilton Cottagers of Glenburnie xi. 238 She was anxious to have Robert removed from the dark and airless passage in which he lay. 1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations I. xi. 176 It had an airless smell that was oppressive. 1881 Daily News 7 Dec. 5/3 The inside of the coach is a mere airless box. 1905 T. N. Annandale Faroes 131 A Farish cottage is generally clean, an Icelandic farmhouse is almost as often airless, filthy, and verminous. 1957 C. MacInnes City of Spades (1959) ii. xiv. 193 Theodora..had parliamented with the secretary in an airless corridor. 2004 New Yorker 4 Oct. 66/3 Most of the documents are now kept on the roof of the municipal building, in an airless slant-ceilinged storeroom. b. Without air; lacking an atmosphere. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > [adjective] > having no airless1836 atmosphereless1858 1755 Dick Hazard ii. ii. 157 The next Day they had Notice given them to retire, and accordingly got into their almost airless Retreat. 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 66 Roll'd round Earth her airless realms of frost. 1836 R. Mudie et al. Wesley's Compend. Nat. Philos. III. iii. 69 The airless and streamless, and therefore the plantless and the tenantless moon. 1867 G. H. Lewes tr. I. Kant in Hist. Philos. (ed. 3) I. 232 In airless space her movements would be more rapid. 1876 A. B. Buckley Short Hist. Nat. Sci. xxi 176 It has to come across a great airless space before it reaches the atmosphere. 1928 Science 18 May p. x/2 A rifle fired in an airless chamber would have the same sort of kick that it would in air. 1962 F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics v. 188 On airless worlds surface materials may be..mixed with cosmic infall, including meteoritic debris. 2002 R. Garcia y Robertson in Asimov's Sci. Fiction Apr. 111 Passengers packed into lounges and staterooms tuned to 3V found themselves staring up from the airless surface of Aetna II. 2. Breezeless, still. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > completely without wind calmc1440 windless1605 breathless?1614 airless1727 breezelessa1763 unbreathing1814 zephyrlessa1821 dead1861 1727 D. Defoe Evident Advantages Great Brit. iv. 33 The Heats excessive, airless, and not refresh'd with Land Breezes. 1847 J. Wilson Christopher North I. 244 Asleep in the airless sunshine. 1879 W. Collins Rogue's Life vii. 95 The night was so quiet and airless. 1897 M. E. Coleridge King with Two Faces xli. 321 The wind-stirred coolness, the gentle noises of early morning had succeeded the silent, airless heat of the night. 1919 ‘K. Mansfield’ Let. 29 Nov. (1993) III. 125 Today it is dead calm, airless, real earthquake weather. 1947 D. Thomas Let. 30 June (1987) 647 The nights are almost intolerably muffling, airless, mosquitoed. 2001 J. C. Grimwood Pashazade (2003) xxiv. 126 Fifty of Iskandryia's great and good would turn out into the airless rising heat of a Wednesday morning to see the cloth-wrapped body of Lady Nafisa carried into her family tomb. 3. Not using or breathing air. ΚΠ 1923 Sci. Monthly Dec. 621 The method of making methane with the aid of the airless bacteria is not new. 1960 Times Rev. Industry Jan. 36/2 The peening of springs for increasing the fatigue life, particularly for the motor industry, can be done in air operated plant as well as the airless type. 1983 Buck & Hickman Catal. 1983–5 484 (heading) Burgess paint spraying equipment... Airless sprayer kit. 1993 Collins Compl. DIY Man. (new ed.) xi. 500/3 In an airless sprayer, an electric pump delivers the paint itself at high pressure to the spray gun. Compounds airless injection n. now historical injection of fuel into the cylinder of a diesel engine by means of a fuel pump rather than by compressed air (= solid injection n. at solid adj. Compounds 5); frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > diesel > injection of fuel in solid injection1915 airless injection1924 1924 H. F. P. Purday Diesel Engine Design (ed. 2) i. 1 There exists a class of high-compression oil engines operating on the Diesel principle, in which the injection of oil is effected by mechanical means without the assistance of an air blast. These engines have been variously termed ‘Solid Injection Engines’, ‘Cold Starting Heavy Oil Engines’, [and] ‘Airless Injection Engines’. 1938 C. Culpin Farm Machinery 390 Most modern Diesels employ solid or airless injection, achieved by use of the fuel pump and injection nozzle. 1988 Financial Times (Nexis) 7 May (Weekend section) p. viii The Orpheus is a grand old girl: 4,811 tons, built..in 1948,..and powered by two Harland and Wolff B & W 10-cylinder two-stroke trunk piston airless injection diesels of 2,800 bhp each. Derivatives ˈairlessness n. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > condition of not being open to the air airlessness1831 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > complete absence of wind calmness1516 calm1517 malace1623 clock-calm1777 Irishman's hurricane1803 Paddy's hurricane1819 airlessness1831 Irish hurricanea1835 windlessness1916 1831 J. Wilson in Blackwood's Mag. July 144 Idle all at once her sails Hang in the airlessness. 1885 ‘L. Malet’ Col. Enderby's Wife ii. iv The shut and darkened windows produced an effect of airlessness. 1947 Astounding Sci. Fiction Nov. 34/2 Did they think that the airlessness of absolute space..could stop Qadgop the Mercoton? 2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees xi. 264 Mangrove trees in general combat the airlessness of the soil by ingenious anatomy. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.a1616
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