poligarn.

Brit.

/ˈpɒləɡɑː/, U.S.

/ˈpɑləˌɡɑr/

Forms: 1600s pallegar, 1600s– poligar, 1700s– polygar, 1800s poligár, 1900s– polugar.

Origin: A borrowing from Marathi. Etymon: Marathi pāḷegār.

Etymology: < Marathi pāḷegār marauding outlaw, poligar < Marathi pāḷẽ confined valley (as a stronghold: see pollam n.) + Persian -gār agent suffix ( > Kannada pāḷegāra, pāḷeyagāra, Telugu pāḷegāḍu). Compare Tamil pāḷaiyakkāraṉ ( > French paleagaren (1701), palleagar(e)s (1745); perhaps also underlying some early English forms of the word).

Now historical.

1. In South India: the holder of a pollam or estate; a subordinate chief.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > possessor > [noun] > owner > landowner > other specific landowners

lord1653

poligar1672

talukdār1793

mirasdar1796

boyar1846

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > lord > [noun] > feudal lord > subordinate Indian

poligar1672

1672 Let. 30 July in Eng. Factories India 1670–77 (1952) 48 I have now writt a letter to Trimbacke Rays that himselfe with his people and the Gentue captains and pallegars should all goe.

1681 in J. T. Wheeler Madras (1861) I. 118 They pulled down the Poligar's houses.

1761 R. O. Cambridge Acct. War in India p. ii There are..several petty Princes, or heads of clans, distinguished by the name of Polygars.

1784 E. Burke Speech Fox's E. India Bill 19 To..Mahomet Ali they sold at least twelve sovereign princes called the Polygars.

1868 J. H. Nelson Madura Country iii. 157 Some of the Poligars were placed in authority over others.

1934 J. Allan et al. Cambr. Shorter Hist. India vi. 644 The zamindars of the Northern Circars and the poligars, as they were called in the other districts.

1974 M. Bence-Jones Clive of India iii. 44 Prince was continually being promised troops by this poligar and that zemindar.

1996 India Abroad (Nexis) 20 Sept. 26 They [sc. the East India Company] couldn't care less about ‘mamool’ or propriety, and never lost an opportunity to personally humiliate a Poligar.

2. A member of a class of marauding outlaws; (hence) a member of a people regarded as having descended from these outlaws.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > sacker, raider, or looter > [noun]

reavereOE

forayerc1330

cateran1371

ransackerc1390

depopulatorc1440

rover1481

forager1489

river?a1500

riderc1550

wight-rider1569

predour1577

sacker1589

harrier1596

boot-haler1600

marauder1698

poligar1773

skinner1780

looter1860

raider1861

1767 Let. 4 Nov. in Further Rep. Comm. Secrecy (1773) 175 The very few sepoys we had doing duty here put it out of our power to send a force to oppose them, and obliged us to call in some of the Polygar Peons.]

1773 E. Ives Voy. India ii. 25 Polygars and Motres are a set of people who live in the woods.

1776 Capt. Pigou Let. 8 Aug. in Gentleman's Mag. (1792) 14/2 A people called Polygars, who inhabit [the woods] and attack, rob, and murder passengers.

1869 W. Elliot in Jrnl. Ethnol. Soc. London 1868–9 1 112 There is a third well-defined race mixed with the general population... I mean the predatory classes. In the South they are called Poligars, and consist of the tribes of Marawars [etc.].

1992 Mod. Asian Stud. 26 207 This might be projected back into the South India arena during the age when Tamils (Polygars), were valued as pikemen.

Compounds

poligar dog n. a breed of large dogs of southern India used for hunting; a dog of this breed.In quot. 1788: a male dog of the breed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] > unspecified types

butcher's doga1425

water-ruga1616

grindle-taila1625

rock1719

poligar dog1788

tiger-hound1880

poligar hound1907

1788 Calcutta Chron. 3 Jan. For Private Sale..A Polygar dog and bitch, of a remarkably fine breed.

1830 F. Marryat King's Own III. viii. 159 It's a Polygar dog from the East Indies.

1885 G. S. Forbes Wild Life in Canara 45 A poligar dog that was with me started off in pursuit.

1957 Encycl. Brit. XII. 155/2 Among other dogs [of India] are the pariah; the poligar dog, an immense creature peculiar to the south; [etc.].

2001 D. Morris Dogs 48 Poligar Hound... It is sometimes referred to as the Greyhound of Southern India, or as the Polugar Dog or Polygar Dog.

poligar hound n. = poligar dog n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] > unspecified types

butcher's doga1425

water-ruga1616

grindle-taila1625

rock1719

poligar dog1788

tiger-hound1880

poligar hound1907

1907 R. Leighton New Bk. of Dog 482/2 (heading) The Poligar hound, or greyhound of southern India.

2001 D. Morris Dogs 48 Poligar Hound... It is sometimes referred to as the Greyhound of Southern India, or as the Polugar Dog or Polygar Dog.

Poligar Wars n. (also with lower-case initials) any of a series of revolts against the expansion of British power in southern India in the mid 18th and early 19th centuries.

ΚΠ

1800 Duke of Wellington Let. 26 Oct. in A. J. Arbuthnot Mem. Munro (1881) I. iv. p. xcii His operations were seldom impeded by poligár wars.

1896 B. H. Baden-Powell Indian Village Community v. 168 They revolted, and for a time carried on what have been dignified with the name of ‘Polygar wars’ in the southern Presidency.

2001 Hindu (Nexis) 15 Feb. These dogs..were used for military purpose during the Poligar wars.

Derivatives

ˈpoligarship n. rare the office or position of poligar.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > lord > [noun] > feudal lord > subordinate Indian > position of

poligarshipa1881

a1881 T. Munro Let. in A. J. Arbuthnot Mem. Munro (1881) I. iv. p. xcii The Mysore system, which removed all poligárships [and] expelled their turbulent chiefs.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	poligar
释义	poligarn. Brit. /ˈpɒləɡɑː/, U.S. /ˈpɑləˌɡɑr/ Forms: 1600s pallegar, 1600s– poligar, 1700s– polygar, 1800s poligár, 1900s– polugar. Origin: A borrowing from Marathi. Etymon: Marathi pāḷegār. Etymology: < Marathi pāḷegār marauding outlaw, poligar < Marathi pāḷẽ confined valley (as a stronghold: see pollam n.) + Persian -gār agent suffix ( > Kannada pāḷegāra, pāḷeyagāra, Telugu pāḷegāḍu). Compare Tamil pāḷaiyakkāraṉ ( > French paleagaren (1701), palleagar(e)s (1745); perhaps also underlying some early English forms of the word). Now historical. 1. In South India: the holder of a pollam or estate; a subordinate chief. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessor > [noun] > owner > landowner > other specific landowners lord1653 poligar1672 talukdār1793 mirasdar1796 boyar1846 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > lord > [noun] > feudal lord > subordinate Indian poligar1672 1672 Let. 30 July in Eng. Factories India 1670–77 (1952) 48 I have now writt a letter to Trimbacke Rays that himselfe with his people and the Gentue captains and pallegars should all goe. 1681 in J. T. Wheeler Madras (1861) I. 118 They pulled down the Poligar's houses. 1761 R. O. Cambridge Acct. War in India p. ii There are..several petty Princes, or heads of clans, distinguished by the name of Polygars. 1784 E. Burke Speech Fox's E. India Bill 19 To..Mahomet Ali they sold at least twelve sovereign princes called the Polygars. 1868 J. H. Nelson Madura Country iii. 157 Some of the Poligars were placed in authority over others. 1934 J. Allan et al. Cambr. Shorter Hist. India vi. 644 The zamindars of the Northern Circars and the poligars, as they were called in the other districts. 1974 M. Bence-Jones Clive of India iii. 44 Prince was continually being promised troops by this poligar and that zemindar. 1996 India Abroad (Nexis) 20 Sept. 26 They [sc. the East India Company] couldn't care less about ‘mamool’ or propriety, and never lost an opportunity to personally humiliate a Poligar. 2. A member of a class of marauding outlaws; (hence) a member of a people regarded as having descended from these outlaws. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > sacker, raider, or looter > [noun] reavereOE forayerc1330 cateran1371 ransackerc1390 depopulatorc1440 rover1481 forager1489 river?a1500 riderc1550 wight-rider1569 predour1577 sacker1589 harrier1596 boot-haler1600 marauder1698 poligar1773 skinner1780 looter1860 raider1861 1767 Let. 4 Nov. in Further Rep. Comm. Secrecy (1773) 175 The very few sepoys we had doing duty here put it out of our power to send a force to oppose them, and obliged us to call in some of the Polygar Peons.] 1773 E. Ives Voy. India ii. 25 Polygars and Motres are a set of people who live in the woods. 1776 Capt. Pigou Let. 8 Aug. in Gentleman's Mag. (1792) 14/2 A people called Polygars, who inhabit [the woods] and attack, rob, and murder passengers. 1869 W. Elliot in Jrnl. Ethnol. Soc. London 1868–9 1 112 There is a third well-defined race mixed with the general population... I mean the predatory classes. In the South they are called Poligars, and consist of the tribes of Marawars [etc.]. 1992 Mod. Asian Stud. 26 207 This might be projected back into the South India arena during the age when Tamils (Polygars), were valued as pikemen. Compounds poligar dog n. a breed of large dogs of southern India used for hunting; a dog of this breed.In quot. 1788: a male dog of the breed. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] > unspecified types butcher's doga1425 water-ruga1616 grindle-taila1625 rock1719 poligar dog1788 tiger-hound1880 poligar hound1907 1788 Calcutta Chron. 3 Jan. For Private Sale..A Polygar dog and bitch, of a remarkably fine breed. 1830 F. Marryat King's Own III. viii. 159 It's a Polygar dog from the East Indies. 1885 G. S. Forbes Wild Life in Canara 45 A poligar dog that was with me started off in pursuit. 1957 Encycl. Brit. XII. 155/2 Among other dogs [of India] are the pariah; the poligar dog, an immense creature peculiar to the south; [etc.]. 2001 D. Morris Dogs 48 Poligar Hound... It is sometimes referred to as the Greyhound of Southern India, or as the Polugar Dog or Polygar Dog. poligar hound n. = poligar dog n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] > unspecified types butcher's doga1425 water-ruga1616 grindle-taila1625 rock1719 poligar dog1788 tiger-hound1880 poligar hound1907 1907 R. Leighton New Bk. of Dog 482/2 (heading) The Poligar hound, or greyhound of southern India. 2001 D. Morris Dogs 48 Poligar Hound... It is sometimes referred to as the Greyhound of Southern India, or as the Polugar Dog or Polygar Dog. Poligar Wars n. (also with lower-case initials) any of a series of revolts against the expansion of British power in southern India in the mid 18th and early 19th centuries. ΚΠ 1800 Duke of Wellington Let. 26 Oct. in A. J. Arbuthnot Mem. Munro (1881) I. iv. p. xcii His operations were seldom impeded by poligár wars. 1896 B. H. Baden-Powell Indian Village Community v. 168 They revolted, and for a time carried on what have been dignified with the name of ‘Polygar wars’ in the southern Presidency. 2001 Hindu (Nexis) 15 Feb. These dogs..were used for military purpose during the Poligar wars. Derivatives ˈpoligarship n. rare the office or position of poligar. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > lord > [noun] > feudal lord > subordinate Indian > position of poligarshipa1881 a1881 T. Munro Let. in A. J. Arbuthnot Mem. Munro (1881) I. iv. p. xcii The Mysore system, which removed all poligárships [and] expelled their turbulent chiefs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1672
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