peytraln.

Brit.

/ˈpeɪtr(ə)l/, U.S.

/ˈpeɪtrəl/

Forms:

α. Middle English patael (transmission error), Middle English patrell, Middle English payetrelle, Middle English paytrel, Middle English paytrill, Middle English peiterell, Middle English peitresle, Middle English peuterel, Middle English peytrall, Middle English peytrele, Middle English peytrelle, Middle English–1500s paytrell, Middle English–1500s paytrelle, Middle English–1500s paytrylle, Middle English–1500s peytrell, Middle English–1600s 1800s peitrel, Middle English–1600s 1900s– peytrel, late Middle English petrye (in a late copy, probably transmission error), late Middle English pettrylle, late Middle English (in a late copy)–1500s paitrell, 1500s gatrell (transmission error), 1500s pattrell, 1500s paytrelle, 1500s peittrell, 1500s peterell, 1500s petral, 1500s petrell, 1500s petril, 1500s pettrell, 1500s peutral, 1500s peutril, 1500s pewtrell, 1500s peyterel, 1500s–1600s petrel, 1600s peitrell, 1600s pettrel, 1600s peytril, 1600s peytrill, 1800s– peytral; also Scottish pre-1700 patrale, pre-1700 patrall, pre-1700 patrell, pre-1700 pattrell; N.E.D (1905) also records forms Middle English patrelle, Middle English pettryll, Middle English peytral.

β. Middle English peynterell, Middle English peyntrell.

γ. Middle English peystrelle.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French peitral, petral.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman peitral, peitrel, paitrel, peiterel, peterel, petterel, partrill, etc., Anglo-Norman and Middle French petral, poitrail (11th cent. in Old French as peitral , peitrail ; French poitrail ) < post-classical Latin pectorale (recorded 11th cent. in this specific sense), specific use of classical Latin pectorāle breastplate (see pectoral n.). Compare post-classical Latin peterellum , paytrellum (1238, 1316 respectively in British sources), Old Occitan peitral (12th cent.), Catalan pitral (14th cent.), Spanish petral (13th cent.), petral (15th or 16th cent.). Compare poitrel n.Earlier currency is implied by the following surname or nickname:1326 in J. Jönsjö Stud. Middle Eng. Nicknames (1979) 164 Hugh Smerpaytrell. Quot. 1375 is from a modern calendar (or summary) of a medieval manuscript, and the readings have not been verified in the original manuscript; this calendar also provides the evidence for the form peiterell.

Armour. Now historical.

A piece of armour to protect the breast of a horse (often richly ornamented, and retained for ornamental purposes after its defensive use had passed away); = poitrel n. 1. Also occasionally in extended use: a breast collar.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > armour for horse > [noun] > for breast

peytral1375

payttrurec1400

poitrel1490

breasting1579

pectoral1590

pectron1590

petrel1602

poitrinal1633

breast harness1660

1375 in A. H. Thomas Cal. Plea & Mem. Rolls London Guildhall (1929) II. 194 [A red saddle for a woman without panel, but with] croper, peuterel, and capital [8 s.].

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 3665 (MED) Brydel & paytrel & al þe gere Wiþ fyn gold y-harneysed were.

?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 93 A patrell, anthelna, ancella [1483 BL Add. 89074 antella], pectorale.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vii. iv. 193 Thar brusyt trappuris and patrellis.

1555 R. Eden Of North Regions in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 271^v When theyr peitrels or drawynge collers are put on them.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 306 So as neither girths, peytrill, sturrops, trappings, or crupyard, fall betwixt the backe and saddle.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Pectoral, a brest-plate or defence for the brest, a Peitrel, Poitrel, or Stomacher.

1857 T. Wright Dict. Obsolete & Provinc. Eng. Peitrel, a breast plate; the strap that crosses the breast of a horse.

1894 H. A. L. Dillon in W. J. Loftie Authorised Guide to Tower of London (ed. 2) 147 Note also the horse armour consisting of the chanfrein for the head, the crinet for the neck, and the bard protecting the body, that is, the peytral on the chest.

1929 Archaeologia 79 242 The two sales of the armoury of Prince Radziwill..included no less than 22 chanfrons and 15 peytrals of Maximilian date.

1967 Punch 29 Nov. 809/3 If some hulking great brute..were to straddle an already overburdened war-horse, the whole caboodle would collapse in a sorry ruin of pauldron and salade, breastplate and roundel, cantle, crupper, greave, flanchard, peytral, chanfron and crinet.

2002 Wargames Illustr. Apr. 58/2 The horses all have a nicely depicted plumed chamfron (nose guard) and peytral (chest armour).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† peytralv.

Forms: see peytral n.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: peytral n.

Etymology: < peytral n.

Obsolete. rare.

transitive. To put a peytral on. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > armour for horse > armour horse [verb (transitive)] > with breast-armour

peytralc1400

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [verb (transitive)] > fit horse armour

peytralc1400

barda1521

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. v. 23 (MED) For it his þe wone of wil to wynse and to kyke; Let peitrel [v.r. For-þy let peytrele wil I] hym and pole hym wit peyntede wittes.

c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) ii. A. 1043 (MED) Wyfes may not to churche till they be entired, Ibrideled and peytrelled to shewe hir arraye, And feeted abowte as a hakeney to be hired.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

单词	peytral
释义	peytraln. Brit. /ˈpeɪtr(ə)l/, U.S. /ˈpeɪtrəl/ Forms: α. Middle English patael (transmission error), Middle English patrell, Middle English payetrelle, Middle English paytrel, Middle English paytrill, Middle English peiterell, Middle English peitresle, Middle English peuterel, Middle English peytrall, Middle English peytrele, Middle English peytrelle, Middle English–1500s paytrell, Middle English–1500s paytrelle, Middle English–1500s paytrylle, Middle English–1500s peytrell, Middle English–1600s 1800s peitrel, Middle English–1600s 1900s– peytrel, late Middle English petrye (in a late copy, probably transmission error), late Middle English pettrylle, late Middle English (in a late copy)–1500s paitrell, 1500s gatrell (transmission error), 1500s pattrell, 1500s paytrelle, 1500s peittrell, 1500s peterell, 1500s petral, 1500s petrell, 1500s petril, 1500s pettrell, 1500s peutral, 1500s peutril, 1500s pewtrell, 1500s peyterel, 1500s–1600s petrel, 1600s peitrell, 1600s pettrel, 1600s peytril, 1600s peytrill, 1800s– peytral; also Scottish pre-1700 patrale, pre-1700 patrall, pre-1700 patrell, pre-1700 pattrell; N.E.D (1905) also records forms Middle English patrelle, Middle English pettryll, Middle English peytral. β. Middle English peynterell, Middle English peyntrell. γ. Middle English peystrelle. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French peitral, petral. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman peitral, peitrel, paitrel, peiterel, peterel, petterel, partrill, etc., Anglo-Norman and Middle French petral, poitrail (11th cent. in Old French as peitral , peitrail ; French poitrail ) < post-classical Latin pectorale (recorded 11th cent. in this specific sense), specific use of classical Latin pectorāle breastplate (see pectoral n.). Compare post-classical Latin peterellum , paytrellum (1238, 1316 respectively in British sources), Old Occitan peitral (12th cent.), Catalan pitral (14th cent.), Spanish petral (13th cent.), petral (15th or 16th cent.). Compare poitrel n.Earlier currency is implied by the following surname or nickname:1326 in J. Jönsjö Stud. Middle Eng. Nicknames (1979) 164 Hugh Smerpaytrell. Quot. 1375 is from a modern calendar (or summary) of a medieval manuscript, and the readings have not been verified in the original manuscript; this calendar also provides the evidence for the form peiterell. Armour. Now historical. A piece of armour to protect the breast of a horse (often richly ornamented, and retained for ornamental purposes after its defensive use had passed away); = poitrel n. 1. Also occasionally in extended use: a breast collar. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > armour for horse > [noun] > for breast peytral1375 payttrurec1400 poitrel1490 breasting1579 pectoral1590 pectron1590 petrel1602 poitrinal1633 breast harness1660 1375 in A. H. Thomas Cal. Plea & Mem. Rolls London Guildhall (1929) II. 194 [A red saddle for a woman without panel, but with] croper, peuterel, and capital [8 s.]. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 3665 (MED) Brydel & paytrel & al þe gere Wiþ fyn gold y-harneysed were. ?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 93 A patrell, anthelna, ancella [1483 BL Add. 89074 antella], pectorale. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vii. iv. 193 Thar brusyt trappuris and patrellis. 1555 R. Eden Of North Regions in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 271^v When theyr peitrels or drawynge collers are put on them. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 306 So as neither girths, peytrill, sturrops, trappings, or crupyard, fall betwixt the backe and saddle. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Pectoral, a brest-plate or defence for the brest, a Peitrel, Poitrel, or Stomacher. 1857 T. Wright Dict. Obsolete & Provinc. Eng. Peitrel, a breast plate; the strap that crosses the breast of a horse. 1894 H. A. L. Dillon in W. J. Loftie Authorised Guide to Tower of London (ed. 2) 147 Note also the horse armour consisting of the chanfrein for the head, the crinet for the neck, and the bard protecting the body, that is, the peytral on the chest. 1929 Archaeologia 79 242 The two sales of the armoury of Prince Radziwill..included no less than 22 chanfrons and 15 peytrals of Maximilian date. 1967 Punch 29 Nov. 809/3 If some hulking great brute..were to straddle an already overburdened war-horse, the whole caboodle would collapse in a sorry ruin of pauldron and salade, breastplate and roundel, cantle, crupper, greave, flanchard, peytral, chanfron and crinet. 2002 Wargames Illustr. Apr. 58/2 The horses all have a nicely depicted plumed chamfron (nose guard) and peytral (chest armour). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † peytralv. Forms: see peytral n. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: peytral n. Etymology: < peytral n. Obsolete. rare. transitive. To put a peytral on. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > armour for horse > armour horse [verb (transitive)] > with breast-armour peytralc1400 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [verb (transitive)] > fit horse armour peytralc1400 barda1521 c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. v. 23 (MED) For it his þe wone of wil to wynse and to kyke; Let peitrel [v.r. For-þy let peytrele wil I] hym and pole hym wit peyntede wittes. c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) ii. A. 1043 (MED) Wyfes may not to churche till they be entired, Ibrideled and peytrelled to shewe hir arraye, And feeted abowte as a hakeney to be hired. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < n.1375v.c1400
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