participlen.adj.

Brit.

/ˈpɑːtᵻsᵻpl/,

/pɑːˈtɪsᵻpl/,

/pəˈtɪsᵻpl/, U.S.

/ˈpɑrdəˌsɪp(ə)l/

Forms: Middle English participulle, Middle English participyl, Middle English partyciple, Middle English– participle; Scottish pre-1700 participil, pre-1700 1700s– participle.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French participle.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French participle participle (end of the 12th cent. in Old French; now participe (second half of the 13th cent. in Old French)) < classical Latin participium a non-finite part of a verb, having some characteristics of a verb and some of an adjective, in post-classical Latin also participation (6th cent.), person or thing having the characteristics or qualities of two or more others (14th cent. in the passage translated in quot. ?a1475 at sense A. 2) < particeps sharing in (see participate v.) + -ium (compare -y suffix⁴).For the parasitic -l- in French compare manciple n., principle n., syllable n., treacle n. Compare the following early use of the Latin word (in sense A. 1) in an English context:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 9 Participivm ys dæl nimend. He nymð anne dæl of naman and oðerne of worde. Of naman he nymð casvs, þæt is, declinunge, and of worde he nymð tide and getacnunge. Of him bam he nymð getel and hiw. Amans lufiende cymð of ðam worde amo ic lufige.

A. n.

1. Grammar. A non-finite part of a verb, used either in compound verb forms with an auxiliary verb expressing tense and voice, or as an adjective. Cf. participial adjective n. at participial n. and adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [noun] > participle

participlea1398

participial1570

subordinator1887

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 9^v Swiche nounes I-take wiþ preposiciouns, verbis, nounes, & participles [L. participiis] fals.

a1450 (a1397) Prol. Old Test. in Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Cambr. Mm.2.15) (1850) xv. 57 A participle of a present tens..mai be resoluid into a verbe of the same tens.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 65 In the frenche tong be ix partes of speche, article,..verbe, participle, adverbe [etc.].

1590 J. Stockwood Eng. Accidence 16 There are three kinds of adiectiues, a noune adiectiue, a pronoune adiectiue, and a participle adiectiue.

1612 J. Brinsley Posing of Parts f. 21 How is a Participle declined? With Number, Case, and Gender; as a Noune Adjectiue.

1665 R. Johnson Scholars Guide 6 The Latine tongue loves Verbals, Participials, Gerundives, and Participles of the future in rus.

1681 J. Flavell Method of Grace i. 12 To whom coming as unto a living stone: the participle notes a continued motion.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. v. 75 The first Project was to shorten Discourse by cutting Polysyllables into one, and leaving out Verbs and Participles, because in reality all things imaginable are but Nouns.

1751 J. Harris Hermes i. x. 184 If we take away the Assertion, and thus destroy the Verb, there will remain the Attribute and the Time, which make the Essence of a Participle.

1796 F. Leighton MS Let. to J. Boucher Feb. I heard yesterday from a Shropshire Farmer the old verb bren and its participle brent for burn burnt.

1813 T. Jefferson Let. 16 Aug. in Writings (1984) 1296 Every root among the Greeks was permitted to vary its termination, so as to express its radical idea in the form of any one of the parts of speech; to wit, as a noun, an adjective, a verb, participle, or adverb.

1858 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. 34 Participles are verbal adjectives, differing from ordinary adjectives in this, that the active participle can take a substantive after it as its object.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 65/2 The ‘Ablative Absolute,’..consists of a noun in the ablative case, with a participle, attribute or qualifying word agreeing with it.

1954 W. C. Boyd in H. Neurath & K. Bailey Proteins II b. xxii. 789 It might be better to have a different word for these substances, and the present writer would like to propose the word lectin, from the Latin lectus, the past participle of legere.

1999 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 20 May 66/3 If we overlook..the frequent dangling participles and cringe-making exclamation points.

†2. A person, animal, or thing having the characteristics or qualities of two or more (esp. contrasting) others. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [noun] > a mixture > of incongruous elements

participle?a1475

mongrel1582

centaur1606

mule1631

crossc1796

half-and-halfc1814

chimera1832

half-breed1846

hybrid1850

piebald1897

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 167 (MED) The peple of the sowthe is meke and quiete, the peple of þe northe is more moveable and cruelle, the peple of the myddelle partes be in maner as a participulle [L. participii vicem tenet; a1387 J. Trevisa tr. somdele partyners].

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Ff1 In all Diuersities of things there..bee certaine Participles in Nature, which are almost ambiguous, to which kinde they should bee referred.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 78 In the mountaines dwelt the Curdi, that were Participles or Mungrels in Religion, professing partly Christ, partly Mahumet.

1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 385 Bats, flying fish and Seals be participles of nature and species of a doubtful kind, participating both of Bird and Beast.

1694 R. Burthogge Ess. Reason 248 Extreams are Knit and United by Participles that partake of Both.

†B. adj.

Of the nature of two different things or classes; belonging partly to one class and partly to another. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [adjective] > of mixed composition or character

linsey-woolsey1565

mongrela1586

piebald1590

sundry1593

party per pale1607

mi-parti1610

hybridan1623

participle1694

ambigenal hyperbola1710

hybrida1716

mulish1729

hybridal1801

mulea1833

mixtiform1837

mongrelized1857

1694 R. Burthogge Ess. Reason 141 By the Gradation of Shades, or Participle intermediate Colours.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	participle
释义	participlen.adj. Brit. /ˈpɑːtᵻsᵻpl/, /pɑːˈtɪsᵻpl/, /pəˈtɪsᵻpl/, U.S. /ˈpɑrdəˌsɪp(ə)l/ Forms: Middle English participulle, Middle English participyl, Middle English partyciple, Middle English– participle; Scottish pre-1700 participil, pre-1700 1700s– participle. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French participle. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French participle participle (end of the 12th cent. in Old French; now participe (second half of the 13th cent. in Old French)) < classical Latin participium a non-finite part of a verb, having some characteristics of a verb and some of an adjective, in post-classical Latin also participation (6th cent.), person or thing having the characteristics or qualities of two or more others (14th cent. in the passage translated in quot. ?a1475 at sense A. 2) < particeps sharing in (see participate v.) + -ium (compare -y suffix⁴).For the parasitic -l- in French compare manciple n., principle n., syllable n., treacle n. Compare the following early use of the Latin word (in sense A. 1) in an English context:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 9 Participivm ys dæl nimend. He nymð anne dæl of naman and oðerne of worde. Of naman he nymð casvs, þæt is, declinunge, and of worde he nymð tide and getacnunge. Of him bam he nymð getel and hiw. Amans lufiende cymð of ðam worde amo ic lufige. A. n. 1. Grammar. A non-finite part of a verb, used either in compound verb forms with an auxiliary verb expressing tense and voice, or as an adjective. Cf. participial adjective n. at participial n. and adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [noun] > participle participlea1398 participial1570 subordinator1887 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 9^v Swiche nounes I-take wiþ preposiciouns, verbis, nounes, & participles [L. participiis] fals. a1450 (a1397) Prol. Old Test. in Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Cambr. Mm.2.15) (1850) xv. 57 A participle of a present tens..mai be resoluid into a verbe of the same tens. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 65 In the frenche tong be ix partes of speche, article,..verbe, participle, adverbe [etc.]. 1590 J. Stockwood Eng. Accidence 16 There are three kinds of adiectiues, a noune adiectiue, a pronoune adiectiue, and a participle adiectiue. 1612 J. Brinsley Posing of Parts f. 21 How is a Participle declined? With Number, Case, and Gender; as a Noune Adjectiue. 1665 R. Johnson Scholars Guide 6 The Latine tongue loves Verbals, Participials, Gerundives, and Participles of the future in rus. 1681 J. Flavell Method of Grace i. 12 To whom coming as unto a living stone: the participle notes a continued motion. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. v. 75 The first Project was to shorten Discourse by cutting Polysyllables into one, and leaving out Verbs and Participles, because in reality all things imaginable are but Nouns. 1751 J. Harris Hermes i. x. 184 If we take away the Assertion, and thus destroy the Verb, there will remain the Attribute and the Time, which make the Essence of a Participle. 1796 F. Leighton MS Let. to J. Boucher Feb. I heard yesterday from a Shropshire Farmer the old verb bren and its participle brent for burn burnt. 1813 T. Jefferson Let. 16 Aug. in Writings (1984) 1296 Every root among the Greeks was permitted to vary its termination, so as to express its radical idea in the form of any one of the parts of speech; to wit, as a noun, an adjective, a verb, participle, or adverb. 1858 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. 34 Participles are verbal adjectives, differing from ordinary adjectives in this, that the active participle can take a substantive after it as its object. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 65/2 The ‘Ablative Absolute,’..consists of a noun in the ablative case, with a participle, attribute or qualifying word agreeing with it. 1954 W. C. Boyd in H. Neurath & K. Bailey Proteins II b. xxii. 789 It might be better to have a different word for these substances, and the present writer would like to propose the word lectin, from the Latin lectus, the past participle of legere. 1999 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 20 May 66/3 If we overlook..the frequent dangling participles and cringe-making exclamation points. †2. A person, animal, or thing having the characteristics or qualities of two or more (esp. contrasting) others. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [noun] > a mixture > of incongruous elements participle?a1475 mongrel1582 centaur1606 mule1631 crossc1796 half-and-halfc1814 chimera1832 half-breed1846 hybrid1850 piebald1897 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 167 (MED) The peple of the sowthe is meke and quiete, the peple of þe northe is more moveable and cruelle, the peple of the myddelle partes be in maner as a participulle [L. participii vicem tenet; a1387 J. Trevisa tr. somdele partyners]. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Ff1 In all Diuersities of things there..bee certaine Participles in Nature, which are almost ambiguous, to which kinde they should bee referred. View more context for this quotation 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 78 In the mountaines dwelt the Curdi, that were Participles or Mungrels in Religion, professing partly Christ, partly Mahumet. 1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 385 Bats, flying fish and Seals be participles of nature and species of a doubtful kind, participating both of Bird and Beast. 1694 R. Burthogge Ess. Reason 248 Extreams are Knit and United by Participles that partake of Both. †B. adj. Of the nature of two different things or classes; belonging partly to one class and partly to another. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [adjective] > of mixed composition or character linsey-woolsey1565 mongrela1586 piebald1590 sundry1593 party per pale1607 mi-parti1610 hybridan1623 participle1694 ambigenal hyperbola1710 hybrida1716 mulish1729 hybridal1801 mulea1833 mixtiform1837 mongrelized1857 1694 R. Burthogge Ess. Reason 141 By the Gradation of Shades, or Participle intermediate Colours. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.a1398
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