Parthiann.adj.

Brit.

/ˈpɑːθɪən/, U.S.

/ˈpɑrθiən/

Forms: Middle English Partien, 1500s Parthain (perhaps transmission error), 1500s Parthean, 1500s– Parthian.

Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Parthia , -an suffix.

Etymology: < Parthia (classical Latin Parthia , Hellenistic Greek Παρθία ), the name of a region of the Achaemenian empire and later a kingdom in what is now the Khorasan region of Iran (ultimately < Old Persian Parθava ) + -an suffix. Compare earlier Parth n.Parthia occurs as a place name in English contexts from Old English onwards.

A. n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Parthia, a region of the Achaemenian empire and later a kingdom in what is now Iran.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Near East, Middle East, or Asia Minor > native or inhabitant of ancient cities or states > [noun]

MedeeOE

PartheOE

PuniceOE

NineviteOE

Trojanc1330

sodomitea1382

Phoeniciana1387

Macedonianc1400

Parthianc1400

Macedonc1440

Phrygian?1473

Mycenaeanc1487

Tyrian1513

Sidonian?1520

Galatian1526

Canaanite1530

Cananaean1534

Milesian1550

Sogdian1553

Syrophœnician1560

Molossian1563

Hyrcanian1567

Palmyrene1567

Pergamenian1579

Smyrnian1579

Mysian1581

Carthaginian1592

Punican1595

Lycian1598

Smyrnaean1598

Phocaean1600

Gallo-greeks1601

Iberian1601

Minaean1601

Susian1601

Cappadocian1607

Carian1607

Paphlagonian1607

Hamathite1611

Pergamene1612

Byzantiana1620

Gallo-graecians1619

Chalcidian1654

Philadelphiana1680

Xanthian1685

Palmyrenian1697

Isaurian1776

Dardan1813

Byzantine1836

Bœotian1839

Ilian1847

Susianian1874

Libyo-Phœnician1876

Khaldian1882

Mitannian1907

Iconian1911

Petraean1923

Lycaonian1926

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 3692 (MED) Hij seiȝen come Darries Perciens..Caldens, Ebreus, and Crettens, And Partiens.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts ii. 9 Parthians, Medes and Elamyts, and the inhabiters of Mesopotamia.

1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Bvii Before I forget Cesar, eyther the Parthian shall drynke of the flud Araris, or Germany of Tigris.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. vi. 20 Orlike [sic] the Parthian I shall flying fight.

1678 S. Butler Heroical Epist. to his Lady in Hudibras: Third Pt. 251 You wound, like Parthians, while you fly, And kill, with a Retreating Eye.

1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Second 23 Whose Yesterdays look backwards with a Smile; Nor like the Parthian wound him as they fly.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall IV. xlvi. 479 (note) The eye of Tacitus seems to have transpierced the camp of the Parthians and the walls of the haram.

1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad xxvi. 282 His feint of thrusting, followed instantly by a happily delivered blow which unhelmeted the Parthian.

1929 E. C. Thomas Lay Folk's Hist. Liturgy i. v. 22 In a.d. 202 Abjar IX., Prince of Edessa, adopted Christianity, but this Church [in Persia] was barely tolerated by the Parthians.

1990 Brit. Museum Mag. Sept. 26/3 The Parthians, famous for their archery technique on horseback..dominated the Eastern portion of the Near East in the 1st–3rd centuries ad.

2008 P. Edwell Between Rome & Persia v. 149 In the 30 years that followed the Sasanian overthrow of the Parthians, Roman power on the Euphrates and in Mesopotamia was seriously challenged for the first time.

2. The Iranian language or script of the Parthians and of some Sassanian inscriptions, closely related to Sassanian Middle Persian, but distinct from it; (also) the language or script of Manichaean texts produced after the end of the dynasty of the Parthians. Cf. Pahlavi n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Persian > Persian languages

Pahlavian1771

Pahlavi1772

Parthian1813

Yaghnobi1932

Kabuli1948

Tajik1953

1813 Q. Rev. Oct. 266 In ancient Media, Zendish was the language of the northern, and Pehlvi, or Parthian, of the southern parts.

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iv. 63 Discoveries of manuscript fragments in Chinese Turkestan gave us knowledge of other medieval Iranian languages, which have been identified as Parthian, Sogdian, and Sakian.

1954 M. Boyce Manichaean Hymn-cycles in Parthian 1 There are in Parthian three long texts which are divided into sections known as handāms or ‘limbs’.

1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 278/2 Texts are known in several Middle Iranian languages, including Middle Persian, Parthian, Chorasmian, Bactrian and Sogdian.

2010 F. Davaran Continuity in Iranian Identity ii. 40 There are also a number of lapidary inscriptions in Parthian and Aramaic at Sar-i Pul-i Zuhab and elsewhere.

B. adj.

1. Of or relating to Parthia, the Parthians, or their language; characteristic of the Parthians.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > manoeuvre > [adjective] > other manoeuvres

Parthian1581

advanced?1611

turning1877

pincer1918

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Near East, Middle East, and Asia Minor > [adjective] > Asia Minor > specific lands

Pontic?1556

Aeolian1567

Hyrcan1567

Median1577

Albanian1578

Parthian1581

Lycaonian1582

Lydian1584

Anatolian1590

Cilician1597

Lycian1598

Hyrcanian1600

Cappadocian1607

Mysian1613

Chaldaic1662

Pergamenian1680

Sogdian1700

Chaldean1732

Carian1818

Pontine1832

Anatolic1853

Medic1869

Sumerian1874

Mitannian1897

Mitannite1911

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Persian

Pahlavi1757

Pahlavian1773

Parsic1897

Parthian1932

Hazaragi1962

Farsi1979

1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hippolytus iv, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 67 They shall not hurle a slender Reede, but after Parthian guyse To shoote an arrow if they list into the open Skies.

1592 Countess of Pembroke tr. R. Garnier Antonius i. sig. F3^v Thou car'st no more for Parth, nor Parthian bow.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 285 The Capadocians do breed of the Parthian horsses.

1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iii. 70 Now the Parthian King in Ctesiphon hath gather'd all his Host Against the Scythian.

1758 Philos. Trans. 1757 (Royal Soc.) 50 177 After the introduction of the Omega of the minuscular form..upon the Parthian coins.

1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold II. vii. iv. 178 The fugitive Britons..performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterized the assault.

1849 H. D. Thoreau Week Concord & Merrimack Rivers 241 Some have distinguished The Parthian men by their crests.

1932 W. L. Graff Lang. & Langs. x. 373 For a time Armenian was deemed to be an Iranian dialect on account of the large number of Parthian (Persian) words in its vocabulary.

1977 Ashmolean Mus. Rep. Visitors 1975–6 17 (title) Parthian and Sasanian metalwork in the Bomford collection.

1989 R. L. O'Connell Of Arms & Men iii. 64 The juggernaut Parthian cataphracts, the ancient analogues for the medieval knights.

2. Used allusively with reference to the fighting tactics of the Parthians; (now esp.) designating a pointed glance, cutting remark, etc., delivered by a person at the moment of departure (chiefly in Parthian shot). Cf. parting shot n. (b) at parting n. Compounds 1a(b).Parthian horsemen were accustomed to baffle their enemies with their rapid manoeuvres, and to discharge missiles backwards while fleeing or pretending to flee.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [noun] > a sharp answer, retort > at departure

Parthianc1640

parting shot1835

c1640 E. Waller Phillis 26 To look upon this Parthian Fight Of Love, still flying, or in chase, Never encountering face to face.

1664 K. Philips Poems lxxv. 242 The Man whom all Mankind admir'd..Is now triumphantly retir'd. The mighty Cowley this hath done, And over thee a Parthian Conquest won.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison VI. xxv. 143 He stuck his hands in his sides, as he does when he is good-humouredly angry; and my aunt, at such times, gives up, till a more convenient opportunity, and then she always carries her point..; for which he calls her a Parthian woman.

a1802 T. Dermody Harp of Erin (1807) II. ii. 26 Associate fists keep time on Peter's back..And Parthian prentices, at either end, Discharge their coward cuffs, and partial succour lend.

1828 G. C. Mundy Pen & Pencil Sketches (1832) I. iv. 195 My elephant..was in full career towards the deep dry nullah..when I made a successful Parthian shot with my favourite Joe Manton.

1842 Times 20 Apr. (Suppl.) 1/1 They have probably enough dealt a Parthian shot to British interests, by setting the Nacional once more upon its legs.

1859 Southern Literary Messenger 28 337/2 The portly dame descended from her vehicle smiling on the Captain..and sending backward a Parthian glance at every moment to her companion who had not yet descended.

1902 J. B. Greenough & G. L. Kittredge Words 380 A ‘Parthian shot’ was very literal to Crassus..: to us it is only an elegant and pointed synonym for our method of ‘having the last word’.

1954 E. H. Ziegelmeyer tr. L. de Raeymaeker Philos. of Being Pref. p.vi The masterly concluding chapter..drives home the Parthian shaft that the adequate explanation of finite, participated being can be found..only in the inexhaustible source of infinite, absolute Perfection.

1995 G. Wilson Art Thieves 50 As a Parthian shot before going off for her lunch, Franca triumphantly brought him a stack of letters to sign.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	parthian
释义	Parthiann.adj. Brit. /ˈpɑːθɪən/, U.S. /ˈpɑrθiən/ Forms: Middle English Partien, 1500s Parthain (perhaps transmission error), 1500s Parthean, 1500s– Parthian. Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Parthia , -an suffix. Etymology: < Parthia (classical Latin Parthia , Hellenistic Greek Παρθία ), the name of a region of the Achaemenian empire and later a kingdom in what is now the Khorasan region of Iran (ultimately < Old Persian Parθava ) + -an suffix. Compare earlier Parth n.Parthia occurs as a place name in English contexts from Old English onwards. A. n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Parthia, a region of the Achaemenian empire and later a kingdom in what is now Iran. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Near East, Middle East, or Asia Minor > native or inhabitant of ancient cities or states > [noun] MedeeOE PartheOE PuniceOE NineviteOE Trojanc1330 sodomitea1382 Phoeniciana1387 Macedonianc1400 Parthianc1400 Macedonc1440 Phrygian?1473 Mycenaeanc1487 Tyrian1513 Sidonian?1520 Galatian1526 Canaanite1530 Cananaean1534 Milesian1550 Sogdian1553 Syrophœnician1560 Molossian1563 Hyrcanian1567 Palmyrene1567 Pergamenian1579 Smyrnian1579 Mysian1581 Carthaginian1592 Punican1595 Lycian1598 Smyrnaean1598 Phocaean1600 Gallo-greeks1601 Iberian1601 Minaean1601 Susian1601 Cappadocian1607 Carian1607 Paphlagonian1607 Hamathite1611 Pergamene1612 Byzantiana1620 Gallo-graecians1619 Chalcidian1654 Philadelphiana1680 Xanthian1685 Palmyrenian1697 Isaurian1776 Dardan1813 Byzantine1836 Bœotian1839 Ilian1847 Susianian1874 Libyo-Phœnician1876 Khaldian1882 Mitannian1907 Iconian1911 Petraean1923 Lycaonian1926 c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 3692 (MED) Hij seiȝen come Darries Perciens..Caldens, Ebreus, and Crettens, And Partiens. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts ii. 9 Parthians, Medes and Elamyts, and the inhabiters of Mesopotamia. 1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Bvii Before I forget Cesar, eyther the Parthian shall drynke of the flud Araris, or Germany of Tigris. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. vi. 20 Orlike [sic] the Parthian I shall flying fight. View more context for this quotation 1678 S. Butler Heroical Epist. to his Lady in Hudibras: Third Pt. 251 You wound, like Parthians, while you fly, And kill, with a Retreating Eye. 1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Second 23 Whose Yesterdays look backwards with a Smile; Nor like the Parthian wound him as they fly. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall IV. xlvi. 479 (note) The eye of Tacitus seems to have transpierced the camp of the Parthians and the walls of the haram. 1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad xxvi. 282 His feint of thrusting, followed instantly by a happily delivered blow which unhelmeted the Parthian. 1929 E. C. Thomas Lay Folk's Hist. Liturgy i. v. 22 In a.d. 202 Abjar IX., Prince of Edessa, adopted Christianity, but this Church [in Persia] was barely tolerated by the Parthians. 1990 Brit. Museum Mag. Sept. 26/3 The Parthians, famous for their archery technique on horseback..dominated the Eastern portion of the Near East in the 1st–3rd centuries ad. 2008 P. Edwell Between Rome & Persia v. 149 In the 30 years that followed the Sasanian overthrow of the Parthians, Roman power on the Euphrates and in Mesopotamia was seriously challenged for the first time. 2. The Iranian language or script of the Parthians and of some Sassanian inscriptions, closely related to Sassanian Middle Persian, but distinct from it; (also) the language or script of Manichaean texts produced after the end of the dynasty of the Parthians. Cf. Pahlavi n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Persian > Persian languages Pahlavian1771 Pahlavi1772 Parthian1813 Yaghnobi1932 Kabuli1948 Tajik1953 1813 Q. Rev. Oct. 266 In ancient Media, Zendish was the language of the northern, and Pehlvi, or Parthian, of the southern parts. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iv. 63 Discoveries of manuscript fragments in Chinese Turkestan gave us knowledge of other medieval Iranian languages, which have been identified as Parthian, Sogdian, and Sakian. 1954 M. Boyce Manichaean Hymn-cycles in Parthian 1 There are in Parthian three long texts which are divided into sections known as handāms or ‘limbs’. 1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 278/2 Texts are known in several Middle Iranian languages, including Middle Persian, Parthian, Chorasmian, Bactrian and Sogdian. 2010 F. Davaran Continuity in Iranian Identity ii. 40 There are also a number of lapidary inscriptions in Parthian and Aramaic at Sar-i Pul-i Zuhab and elsewhere. B. adj. 1. Of or relating to Parthia, the Parthians, or their language; characteristic of the Parthians. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > manoeuvre > [adjective] > other manoeuvres Parthian1581 advanced?1611 turning1877 pincer1918 the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Near East, Middle East, and Asia Minor > [adjective] > Asia Minor > specific lands Pontic?1556 Aeolian1567 Hyrcan1567 Median1577 Albanian1578 Parthian1581 Lycaonian1582 Lydian1584 Anatolian1590 Cilician1597 Lycian1598 Hyrcanian1600 Cappadocian1607 Mysian1613 Chaldaic1662 Pergamenian1680 Sogdian1700 Chaldean1732 Carian1818 Pontine1832 Anatolic1853 Medic1869 Sumerian1874 Mitannian1897 Mitannite1911 the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Persian Pahlavi1757 Pahlavian1773 Parsic1897 Parthian1932 Hazaragi1962 Farsi1979 1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hippolytus iv, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 67 They shall not hurle a slender Reede, but after Parthian guyse To shoote an arrow if they list into the open Skies. 1592 Countess of Pembroke tr. R. Garnier Antonius i. sig. F3^v Thou car'st no more for Parth, nor Parthian bow. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 285 The Capadocians do breed of the Parthian horsses. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iii. 70 Now the Parthian King in Ctesiphon hath gather'd all his Host Against the Scythian. View more context for this quotation 1758 Philos. Trans. 1757 (Royal Soc.) 50 177 After the introduction of the Omega of the minuscular form..upon the Parthian coins. 1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold II. vii. iv. 178 The fugitive Britons..performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterized the assault. 1849 H. D. Thoreau Week Concord & Merrimack Rivers 241 Some have distinguished The Parthian men by their crests. 1932 W. L. Graff Lang. & Langs. x. 373 For a time Armenian was deemed to be an Iranian dialect on account of the large number of Parthian (Persian) words in its vocabulary. 1977 Ashmolean Mus. Rep. Visitors 1975–6 17 (title) Parthian and Sasanian metalwork in the Bomford collection. 1989 R. L. O'Connell Of Arms & Men iii. 64 The juggernaut Parthian cataphracts, the ancient analogues for the medieval knights. 2. Used allusively with reference to the fighting tactics of the Parthians; (now esp.) designating a pointed glance, cutting remark, etc., delivered by a person at the moment of departure (chiefly in Parthian shot). Cf. parting shot n. (b) at parting n. Compounds 1a(b).Parthian horsemen were accustomed to baffle their enemies with their rapid manoeuvres, and to discharge missiles backwards while fleeing or pretending to flee. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [noun] > a sharp answer, retort > at departure Parthianc1640 parting shot1835 c1640 E. Waller Phillis 26 To look upon this Parthian Fight Of Love, still flying, or in chase, Never encountering face to face. 1664 K. Philips Poems lxxv. 242 The Man whom all Mankind admir'd..Is now triumphantly retir'd. The mighty Cowley this hath done, And over thee a Parthian Conquest won. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison VI. xxv. 143 He stuck his hands in his sides, as he does when he is good-humouredly angry; and my aunt, at such times, gives up, till a more convenient opportunity, and then she always carries her point..; for which he calls her a Parthian woman. a1802 T. Dermody Harp of Erin (1807) II. ii. 26 Associate fists keep time on Peter's back..And Parthian prentices, at either end, Discharge their coward cuffs, and partial succour lend. 1828 G. C. Mundy Pen & Pencil Sketches (1832) I. iv. 195 My elephant..was in full career towards the deep dry nullah..when I made a successful Parthian shot with my favourite Joe Manton. 1842 Times 20 Apr. (Suppl.) 1/1 They have probably enough dealt a Parthian shot to British interests, by setting the Nacional once more upon its legs. 1859 Southern Literary Messenger 28 337/2 The portly dame descended from her vehicle smiling on the Captain..and sending backward a Parthian glance at every moment to her companion who had not yet descended. 1902 J. B. Greenough & G. L. Kittredge Words 380 A ‘Parthian shot’ was very literal to Crassus..: to us it is only an elegant and pointed synonym for our method of ‘having the last word’. 1954 E. H. Ziegelmeyer tr. L. de Raeymaeker Philos. of Being Pref. p.vi The masterly concluding chapter..drives home the Parthian shaft that the adequate explanation of finite, participated being can be found..only in the inexhaustible source of infinite, absolute Perfection. 1995 G. Wilson Art Thieves 50 As a Parthian shot before going off for her lunch, Franca triumphantly brought him a stack of letters to sign. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.c1400
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