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单词 parasol
释义

parasoln.

Brit. /ˈparəsɒl/, U.S. /ˈpɛrəˌsɔl/, /ˈpɛrəˌsɑl/
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French parasol.
Etymology: < French parasol portable fabric object which one uses for protection from the sun and possibly from rain (end of the 16th cent. in Middle French; 1611 or earlier in figurative use; 1540 in plural denoting a canopy erected on the stern of a galley to shelter the officers from the sun), probably (although attested earlier) < Italian parasole sun-umbrella (a1597; probably 1292 in a Latin source) < para- para- prefix2 + sole sun (see sol n.1). N.E.D. (1904) also gives the pronunciation (pæ:răsōu·l) /ˌpærəˈsəʊl/. This pattern of stress on the final syllable is also found in Perry (1805), Smart (1857), and as an option in the first edition of D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. (1917) until 1988.
1. Something that screens or protects as if from the rays of the sun.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [noun] > casting of a shadow > overshadowing > something affording shade
shadowing1598
parasol1616
shadow1667
1616 W. Drummond Poems sig. N 3 Loue suffereth no Parasol... Sweet, I would you aduise To chuse some other Fanne than that white Hand.
1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne 200 Feet so large as to shelter the whole body—these were the first parasols.
1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. iv. 216 This was a greater miracle than that of the cloud with which God defended his chosen people in the wilderness from the heat of the sun, inasmuch as it was a more elegant and fanciful parasol.
1994 Q Aug. 159/1 Under 80-foot oak parasols in the heat of a New York afternoon, outdoor minors are frugging to Brad Robert's groovy voice.
2002 M. T. Sullivan Labyrinth 182 The rope quavered in the parasol of light thrown by his headlamp.
2. Something that gives shade from the rays of the sun; spec. a screen or canopy, usually in the form of a small light umbrella, often ornamental or brightly coloured; (hence more generally) a sunshade, sun-umbrella.The parasol or sunshade was originally used by persons of high rank in South and South-East Asian countries, and was later adopted in Western countries where it became fashionable as a woman's accessory, esp. in the 19th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > parasol or protection against sun > [noun]
fannell1555
umbrella1611
tiresol1613
parasol1660
chatta1796
sunshade1798
parasolette1842
en tout cas1874
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 52 The Portugais..have their Parasols carried by them.
1676 J. Locke Jrnl. Trav. France Feb. in H. R. F. Bourne Life J. Locke (1876) I. vii. 351 Parasols, a pretty sort of cover for women riding in the sun, made of straw, something like the fashion of tin covers for dishes.
1765 E. Thompson Meretriciad (ed. 6) 50 And two more bore an Indian parasol.
1803 J. Porter Thaddeus of Warsaw (1826) III. iii. 49 She took her parasol and descended the stairs.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xviii. 169 ‘You naughty creature!’ said the lively lady, poking the peer with her parasol.
1883 F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius ii. 21 A dainty lace-covered parasol.
1918 W. Cather My Ántonia ii. viii. 221 A dark, stout woman who wore a long gold watch chain about her neck and carried a black lace parasol.
1965 R. P. Jhabvala Backward Place iii. 176 She lay half reclined across the rug..her parasol propped up behind her to shield her from the irksome sun.
1995 Mother & Baby June 120/3 Babies resting in buggies or prams also need a parasol or sunshade to protect them.
2003 Times (Nexis) 11 Oct. (Features section) 96 Geraniums in terracotta pots adorn the outside tables of the Rose and Crown and primary-coloured parasols shade them.
3.
a. More fully †parasol agaric, parasol mushroom. Any of several edible fungi of (or formerly of) the genus Lepiota (family Agaricaceae), with large caps resembling a parasol; esp. L. procera, having a large, shaggy, umbonate cap.mealy parasol: see mealy adj. Compounds 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > names applied to various types
spunk1665
black knot1840
parasol1870
earth-ball1925
1870 Nature 27 Oct. 519/1 Rivalry exists between the orange-milk mushroom..and the Parasol Agaric.
1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 91/1 Parasol mushroom, Agaricus procerus.
1887 W. D. Hay Elem. Text-bk. Brit. Fungi 48 He has made some converts to fungus-eating by means of dishes of Parasols.
1966 F. H. Brightman Oxf. Bk. Flowerless Plants 30/1 Lepiota rhacodes (‘Shaggy Parasol’) grows in open, grassy places or moist, rich soil.
1981 Cook's Mag. Sept. 6/2 As mushroom gathering outpaces jogging as the socially acceptable sport of the 80's, fungi connoisseurs could indulge themselves in the pros and cons of morels, shaggy caps, oyster mushrooms, parasols, [etc.].
1996 E. A. Proulx Accordion Crimes (1997) 357 How her heart beat the summer she discovered twenty-seven great parasol mushrooms in a clearing.
b. More generally: a plant or part of a plant (as a leaf, flower, etc.) resembling a parasol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > appearance of plant > form of plant or that has parts of particular shape > [noun]
heart1597
window plant1838
growth-form1887
parasol1934
petaloid1945
multiflora1972
1934 L. van der Post In Province viii. 110 Noon beats on tattered parasols of karee-thorn over them.
1980 Amateur Gardening 4 Oct. 20/2 The vivid yellow parasols of this reliable border plant are carried on 4ft. stems clad in feathery green foliage.
1990 A. Craig Foreign Bodies (1991) vi. 70 Chestnut trees..unfolded tiny viridian parasols.
4. An aircraft having wings raised above the fuselage. Usually attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [noun] > with wings above fuselage
parasol1914
1914 Aeroplane 29 Jan. 110/1 M. Gilbert has been flying another ‘parasol’, 60-h.p.
1914 Aeroplane 29 Jan. 110/1 The ‘parasol’ monoplane..has been fitted with a new..Gnome [engine].
1940 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 44 661 Outboard tanks were employed with the Junkers J.21/22 parasol fighters.
1969 K. Munson Pioneer Aircraft 1903–14 131/1 A few R.E.P. parasol-winged monoplanes were in French and R.N.A.S. service during the early part of the war.
1990 Flight Internat. (Nexis) 9 May Seastar's wing is a massive one-piece parasol structure of 17.74m span, mounted high above the fuselage on four cross-braced high-tensile steel struts.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a.
parasol handle n.
ΚΠ
1858 G. A. Sala Journey due North 185 [She] used to wear Wellington boots, and had a way of tapping their polished sides with her parasol-handle.
1954 E. Hardy Thomas Hardy 220 The younger poet had always had an eye for light striking from polished surfaces, whether from a bell-metal crock or andirons on the hearth,..a lady's parasol-handle or bracelet [etc.].
2003 Times (Nexis) 7 June The wide selection of objects included boxes, card cases, parasol handles.
b.
parasol-shaped adj.
ΚΠ
1860 R. F. Burton Lake Regions Central Afr. I. 321 Dwarf parasol-shaped trees.
1955 PMLA 70 11 An umbel is an arrangement of flowers around an axis, in which the little stems of each blossom are of equal length and start from a common source, producing a parasol-shaped cluster.
parasol-topped adj.
ΚΠ
1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. xii. 267 Scattered through a grove of the picturesque parasol-topped acacias.
2002 Time Out (Nexis) 12 June In summer, the 20 parasol-topped outside tables..are as coveted as a pair of Patrick Cox loafers.
C2.
parasol ant n. a leafcutter ant, esp. Atta cephalotes or A. sexdens, of tropical America.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > leaf-cutting or carrying ant
parasol ant1781
leaf-cutting ant1863
leaf-cutter ant1879
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > oecodoma cephalotes or parasol ant
parasol ant1781
sauba1863
1781 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 71 175 (note) 35 Those..called, in Tobago, Para-sol-Ants, because they cut out of the leaves of certain trees and plants pieces almost circular,..which..give a very good idea of people walking with para-sols.
1871 C. Kingsley At Last I. v. 167 The parasol ants..walk in triumphal processions, each with a bit of green leaf borne over its head.
1958 J. Carew Black Midas x. 235 People, thick as parasol ants, were herded towards a side gate.
parasol fern n. Australian rare either of two Australasian ferns, Gleichenia microphylla and G. dicarpa (family Gleicheniaceae).
ΚΠ
1881 F. M. Bailey Fern World Austral. 25 Gleichenia..circinata, Swartz. Parasol Fern.
1989 L. Cronin Conc. Austral. Flora 275 Gleichenia microphylla, Parasol or Scrambling Coral Fern.
parasol fir n. = parasol pine n. (b).
ΚΠ
1861 Times 3 Apr. 11/4 (advt.) Sciadopitys Verticillata, or Parasol Fir of Japan.—This beautiful new fir tree..is figured and described in the ‘Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener, and Country Gentleman.’
1958 Gardeners' Golden Treasury 447 Species cultivated: S[ciadopitys] verticillata, ‘Parasol Fir Tree’, slow growing, pyramidal shape, 80 + 120 ft., Japan.
parasol mushroom n. see sense 3a.
parasol pine n. (a) the stone pine, Pinus pinea, of the Mediterranean region; (b) a Japanese umbrella pine, Sciadopitys verticillata (family Taxodiaceae).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > other edible seeds > pine-seeds > pine-trees bearing edible seeds
stone-pine1759
cembra pine1785
neoza1832
piñon1839
pinyon1846
parasol pine1864
arolla1881
1864 Cornhill Mag. Aug. 179 Gardens and public walks, adorned with tall parasol pines, dark cypress and ilex.
1959 K. Ochiai & S. Goldstein tr. O. Mori Wild Geese (1966) v. 26 The house..was fenced about with bamboo canes, and had a thick-needled parasol pine and a few cypresses.
1981 Oxf. Encycl. Trees 85/2 The Japanese Umbrella Pine or Parasol Pine (Sciadopitys verticillata) is an evergreen pyramidal tree reaching 40m (130 ft) in its native habitat of central Japan.
1996 Yale French Stud. No. 90. 18 Enthusiastic about Roman itineraries full of secret gardens, ruins, fallen statues and parasol pines.
parasol plant n. (a) the umbrella plant, Cyperus involucratus; (b) a schefflera, Schefflera arboricola, native to Taiwan and Hainan and grown as an ornamental and house plant.
ΚΠ
1988 Which House Plant? 87 Cyperus alternifolius. Parasol plant. Umbrella plant.
1992 Garden Answers Jan. 48 (caption) Parasol plant (heptapleurum)..keep in a light, humid room such as a bathroom.
2000 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 20 May 36 The evergreen foliage houseplant Parasol plant (Schefflera arboricola) sometimes sold under its previous name of Heptapleurum arboricola, is ideal for the home, conservatory or office.
parasol probang n. Surgery Obsolete rare a probang with an attachment capable of being opened like a parasol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > instruments for extracting foreign bodies
ground-drawer1598
upheaver1598
crow-bill1611
probang1657
stork's bill1671
goose-bill1676
alphonsine1688
protracter1726
protractor1728
bullet-drawer1752
parasol probang1882
coin-catcher1895
1882 M. Mackenzie Dis. Throat & Nose II. 103 In two cases..polypi were removed with the parasol-probang.
parasol skirt n. a full spreading skirt (originally such a skirt worn by ballet dancers).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > clothing for lower body > skirt > types of > ballet skirt
ballet skirt1858
parasol skirt1876
tutu1910
1876 Galaxy May 583/2 The fair ones in parasol skirts fled affrighted from the stage.
1896 Westm. Gaz. 27 Jan. 3/2 Her dress was the ballet dress of 1845, with the skirts longer than the ‘parasol’ skirt now in fashion.
1992 Newsday 22 Oct. ii. 68 Hermes called its full skirts ‘parasol skirts’ and if you saw how they floated and twirled, you'd understand why.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

parasolv.

Brit. /ˈparəsɒl/, U.S. /ˈpɛrəˌsɔl/, /ˈpɛrəˌsɑl/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: parasol n.
Etymology: < parasol n.
rare.
transitive. To serve as a parasol for, to shade. Also intransitive: to act like a parasol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > intercept or cut off (light) [verb (transitive)] > overshadow > shade
shadowa1366
shadec1400
umberc1400
umbrage1647
parasol1799
enshade18..
1799 R. Southey Nondescripts iii, in Poet. Wks. (1838) III. 64 And if no kindly cloud will parasol me,..I shall be negrofied.
1843 T. Carlyle Dr. Francia in Crit. & Misc. Ess. (1872) VII. 24 Frondent trees parasol the streets.
1994 Washington Post 8 June c9 I'm suddenly a mad jitterbugger—whirling and twirling and spinning, my skirt parasoling out around me.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1616v.1799
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