hummockn.

Brit.

/ˈhʌmək/, U.S.

/ˈhəmək/

Forms: α. 1500s hammok, 1500s–1800s hammock. β. 1500s hommoke, hoommocke, 1700s hommock. γ. 1600s hummack, humock, 1700s hummoc, 1600s– hummock, (1800s hummuck). δ. 1600s–1700s hommac(c)o.

Etymology: Originally a nautical term: source obscure. The ending in -ock suggests a diminutive like hillock . But the stem ham- , hom- , hum- , remains unexplained. Assuming it to be hum- , it may be compared with hummie n., Low German humpel , hümpel , hümmel , a small height or eminence, a hump, Scots dialect humplock ‘little rising ground’, and English hump . But hummock could not be derived < hump , since the latter does not appear till 140 years later. The earliest form recalls another nautical word hammock n.; but comparison of the two words will show that neither form- nor sense-history favours any connection (except perhaps that the factitious homacco, hummock, may have been in imitation of hamacco, hammock).

1. A protuberance or boss of earth, rock, etc., usually conical or dome-shaped, rising above the general level of a surface; a low hillock or knoll.

a. originally. ‘A name given by mariners to a hillock, or small eminence of land resembling the figure of a cone, and appearing on the sea-coast of any country’ (Falconer Marine Dict., 1769, s.v. Hommoc).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > hillock

barrowc885

burrowc885

berryc1000

knapc1000

knollc1000

ball1166

howa1340

toft1362

hillocka1382

tertre1480

knowec1505

hilleta1552

hummock1555

mountainettea1586

tump1589

butt1600

mountlet1610

mounture1614

colline1641

tuft1651

knock?17..

tummock1789

mound1791

tomhan1811

koppie1848

tuffet1877

α.

1589 W. Wren in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 144 The sayd land seemed vnto vs as if it had bene a great number of ships vnder sayle, being in deed nothing els but the land which was full of Hammoks, some high some lowe, with high trees on them.

1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 104 Right aboue that, into the land a round hammoke and greene, which we tooke to be trees.

1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea lii. 123 Wee came to an anchor in the bay of Atacames, which on the wester part hath a round hammock.

β. 1555 R. Eden Two Viages into Guinea in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 351^v Vppon the mayne are foure or fyue hygh hylles rysynge..lyke round hoommockes or hyllockes.1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 105 A round greene hommoke, which commeth out of the maine.a1650 G. Boate Irelands Nat. Hist. (1652) iv. 38 Horn-head, being a Hill with two hommocks at the top, in fashion somewhat like unto two horns.γ. 1608 W. Hawkins in Hawkins' Voy. (1878) 378 A hummocke..boare of us N.E.1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea lxviii. 167 This Iland..is a round humock, conteyning not a league of ground, but most fertile.1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. ix. 228 On this land we observed two remarkable hummocks, such as are usually called paps.1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge vi. 99 Do you see your marks now..?.. Yes; I have the two trees on with the hummock.1840 F. D. Bennett Narr. Whaling Voy. I. 295 (note) This island has the appearance of a very lofty..rock..with a hummock on each side of its base.δ. 1670 J. Narborough Jrnl. in Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) i. 114 These Islands made in four Hommaccoes, like Hay-cocks, when I saw them.1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 15 High Land, with Hillocks, and one remarkable Hommacoe like a Sugar-loaf.

b. (In Colonial and U.S. use.) A piece of more or less elevated ground, esp. in a swamp or marsh; spec. in the southern U.S., an elevation rising above a plain or swamp and often densely covered with hardwood trees; a clump of such trees on a knoll.The local form in Florida and adjacent states is hammock.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > in marsh or swamp

sedge-hill1483

hummock1636

island1638

moss-hag1790

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [noun] > clump or cluster

hata1425

tuftc1450

plumpa1470

clumpa1586

turb1618

hummock1636

toll1644

bush1856

α.

1767 Bartram's Jrnl. 13 in W. Stork Acct. E. Florida (ed. 2) The hammocks of live-oaks and palmettos are generally surrounded either with swamp or marsh.

1767 Bartram's Jrnl. 13 in W. Stork Acct. E. Florida (ed. 2) 49 We observed on the north-end of the lake a hammock of oak.

1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 283 A few spots of hammock or upland, are found on this island.

1884 Times 15 Apr. 8 Florida lands are ordinarily classified as pine lands, hammocks (lands covered with hard woods), and swamp lands.

β. 1636 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1877) II. 9 A parcell of marsh land in which there stands 3 homocks, with Pyne trees upon the south side of the marsh neare the water.1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 229 (note) Excepting the few hommocks near the sea, which are oak land.1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 117 Twenty miles of these green fields, interspersed with hommocks or islets of evergreen trees.1840 W. Irving Seminoles in Knickerbocker Oct. 339 When Florida was ceded by the Spaniards..the Indians..retired..[into the] intricate swamps and hommocks, and vast savannahs of the interior.γ. 1650 R. Williams Let. 20 Mar. (1866) 195 A moose which was killed upon one of your hummocks by Fisher's Island.1681 R. Knox Hist. Ceylon (1817) 25 By marks of great trees, hummacks, or rocks, each man knows his own.1766 H. Laurens in W. Darlington Memorials J. Bartram & H. Marshall (1849) 438 I thrice visited the River St. John..exploring the swamps and hummocks, pine barrens, and sand barrens.1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida App. 12 The island Amelia, which is..to be known by a detached hummock of trees on the south side.1869 in Coues Birds N.W. 478 The nest was a simple hollow in the ground, in a grassy hummock, in the centre of a marshy spot.1872 C. J. Maynard Birds Florida 29 I was walking in a narrow path through a hummock, which lies back of the old fort at Miami [Florida].

c. A sand hill on the sea shore.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] > sand-hill

sand-hillc725

dene1278

down1523

sand down1604

dune1605

hummock1793

towan1803

sand-dune1830

medano1839

sea-bank1858

barchan1888

whaleback1918

fore-dune1921

seif1925

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) 197 In 1773 the..boundary of the Sand Hommacks remained nearly the same..but now..the sand hommacks had established themselves.

1819 A. Rees Cycl. XVIII Hommacks, in Engineery, are used by Mr. Smeaton to denote sand hills thrown up by the tide.

1888 Boston Transcript 7 July 5/5 This chart gives height of sand hills [on Sable Island] as 150 feet, when in no instance could Mr. Macdonald find a hummock having an elevation of eighty feet.

d. Geology. An elevated or detached boss of rock.‘Navigators use the word hummock to express circular and elevated mounts, appearing at a distance; I adopt the word from them’ (Richardson, 1808, as below).

ΚΠ

1808 Richardson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 98 218 To these may be compared the stratified basaltic hummocks so profusely scattered over our area.

1808 Richardson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 98 221 It will hardly be asserted that these hummocks were originally formed solitary and separate as they now stand.

1829 S. Glover Hist. County of Derby I. 51 Detached portions or hummocks of coal measures.

1839 R. I. Murchison Silurian Syst. i. xxxvi. 500 The trap..reappearing here and there in hummocks.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 162 The flat-domed hummocks of rock, produced in this way are termed sheep-backs.

e. ‘A protuberance raised upon any plane of ice above the common level’ (Scoresby); ‘a lump, thrown up by some pressure or force, on an ice field or floe’ (Sir J. Ross).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [noun] > floe > lump thrown up on

hummock1818

1818 Edinb. Rev. 30 17 A portion of ice rising above the common level, is termed a hummock.

1823 W. Scoresby Jrnl. Voy. Northern Whale-fishery 51 Many of the hummocks of the ice were at least twenty feet high..Some of these hummocks seemed to be of recent production.

1835 J. Ross Narr. Second Voy. North-west Passage xxix. 75/2 We proceeded over the level of the sea of ice, and, passing some hummocks, arrived at the desired cape.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) x. 74 At the margins of the floes, where their ragged edges have come into grinding contact, the ice is piled up into ridges... These are the ‘hummocks’.

1878 A. H. Markham Great Frozen Sea xxii. 308 The hummocks proved most formidable impediments to our advance.

f. gen. A boss-like protuberance rising irregularly from any surface; a knoll, hillock, or small piece rising abruptly above the general level, and causing inequality of the surface.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > hummock

ground-wart1568

hub1669

mamelle1779

mamelon1830

hump1838

hummock1839

mammillation1849

1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. xxiii. 589 The lava streams are covered with hummocks.

1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 339 Jumping from hummock to hummock.

1859 J. E. Tennent Ceylon II. ix. v. 503 The ground..was thrown up into hummocks like great molehills.

1867 G. M. Musgrave Nooks & Corners Old France I. vii. 255 Hummocks of hard earth varying between two and three feet in height.

g. transferred. A hummock-like mass or lump.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > protuberance or rounded projection > [noun] > a protuberance or protuberant part > a hump or lump

bulchc1300

lump?a1500

hillock?1527

bump1533

hulch1611

hump1709

hunch1803

mump1847

nib1847

wodge1847

hummock1864

1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 186 One of those yellow hummocks [polar bears] goes slumping up and down his cage.

2. attributive, as hummock-land (see 1b, and hummocky adj. 1), hummock-ridge, hummock-soil, etc.

ΚΠ

1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 15 I shall then treat of them by the names of pine land, Hammock land, savannahs, swamps, marshes, and bay, or cypress galls.

1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 17 The hammock land so called from its appearing in tufts among the lofty pines.

1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 17 The true hammock soil is a mixture of clay and a blackish sand, and in some spots a kind of ochre.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxii. 274 To avoid the accumulation of snows and hummock-ridges.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxvi. 338 Such ice I have seen 36 feet in height; and when subjected..to hummock-squeezing, 60 and 70 feet.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. II. i. 16 Under the hospitable lee of an inclined hummock-slab.

Derivatives

ˈhummocked adj.

/ˈhʌməkt/ thrown into hummocks; hummocky, uneven.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [adjective] > hummock > full of

hummocky1767

hummocked1856

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxxii. 447 It is a rugged, hummocked drive.

ˈhummocking n. the forming of hummocks on an ice field.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [noun] > ice-field or pack-ice > forming hummocks

hummocking1853

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xvi. 122 The elastic material corrugated before the enormous pressure; then cracked, then crumbled, and at last rose... This imposing process of dynamics is called ‘Hummocking’.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hummock
释义	hummockn. Brit. /ˈhʌmək/, U.S. /ˈhəmək/ Forms: α. 1500s hammok, 1500s–1800s hammock. β. 1500s hommoke, hoommocke, 1700s hommock. γ. 1600s hummack, humock, 1700s hummoc, 1600s– hummock, (1800s hummuck). δ. 1600s–1700s hommac(c)o. Etymology: Originally a nautical term: source obscure. The ending in -ock suggests a diminutive like hillock . But the stem ham- , hom- , hum- , remains unexplained. Assuming it to be hum- , it may be compared with hummie n., Low German humpel , hümpel , hümmel , a small height or eminence, a hump, Scots dialect humplock ‘little rising ground’, and English hump . But hummock could not be derived < hump , since the latter does not appear till 140 years later. The earliest form recalls another nautical word hammock n.; but comparison of the two words will show that neither form- nor sense-history favours any connection (except perhaps that the factitious homacco, hummock, may have been in imitation of hamacco, hammock). 1. A protuberance or boss of earth, rock, etc., usually conical or dome-shaped, rising above the general level of a surface; a low hillock or knoll. a. originally. ‘A name given by mariners to a hillock, or small eminence of land resembling the figure of a cone, and appearing on the sea-coast of any country’ (Falconer Marine Dict., 1769, s.v. Hommoc). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > hillock barrowc885 burrowc885 berryc1000 knapc1000 knollc1000 ball1166 howa1340 toft1362 hillocka1382 tertre1480 knowec1505 hilleta1552 hummock1555 mountainettea1586 tump1589 butt1600 mountlet1610 mounture1614 colline1641 tuft1651 knock?17.. tummock1789 mound1791 tomhan1811 koppie1848 tuffet1877 α. 1589 W. Wren in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 144 The sayd land seemed vnto vs as if it had bene a great number of ships vnder sayle, being in deed nothing els but the land which was full of Hammoks, some high some lowe, with high trees on them. 1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 104 Right aboue that, into the land a round hammoke and greene, which we tooke to be trees. 1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea lii. 123 Wee came to an anchor in the bay of Atacames, which on the wester part hath a round hammock. β. 1555 R. Eden Two Viages into Guinea in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 351^v Vppon the mayne are foure or fyue hygh hylles rysynge..lyke round hoommockes or hyllockes.1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 105 A round greene hommoke, which commeth out of the maine.a1650 G. Boate Irelands Nat. Hist. (1652) iv. 38 Horn-head, being a Hill with two hommocks at the top, in fashion somewhat like unto two horns.γ. 1608 W. Hawkins in Hawkins' Voy. (1878) 378 A hummocke..boare of us N.E.1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea lxviii. 167 This Iland..is a round humock, conteyning not a league of ground, but most fertile.1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. ix. 228 On this land we observed two remarkable hummocks, such as are usually called paps.1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge vi. 99 Do you see your marks now..?.. Yes; I have the two trees on with the hummock.1840 F. D. Bennett Narr. Whaling Voy. I. 295 (note) This island has the appearance of a very lofty..rock..with a hummock on each side of its base.δ. 1670 J. Narborough Jrnl. in Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) i. 114 These Islands made in four Hommaccoes, like Hay-cocks, when I saw them.1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 15 High Land, with Hillocks, and one remarkable Hommacoe like a Sugar-loaf. b. (In Colonial and U.S. use.) A piece of more or less elevated ground, esp. in a swamp or marsh; spec. in the southern U.S., an elevation rising above a plain or swamp and often densely covered with hardwood trees; a clump of such trees on a knoll.The local form in Florida and adjacent states is hammock. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > in marsh or swamp sedge-hill1483 hummock1636 island1638 moss-hag1790 the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [noun] > clump or cluster hata1425 tuftc1450 plumpa1470 clumpa1586 turb1618 hummock1636 toll1644 bush1856 α. 1767 Bartram's Jrnl. 13 in W. Stork Acct. E. Florida (ed. 2) The hammocks of live-oaks and palmettos are generally surrounded either with swamp or marsh. 1767 Bartram's Jrnl. 13 in W. Stork Acct. E. Florida (ed. 2) 49 We observed on the north-end of the lake a hammock of oak. 1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 283 A few spots of hammock or upland, are found on this island. 1884 Times 15 Apr. 8 Florida lands are ordinarily classified as pine lands, hammocks (lands covered with hard woods), and swamp lands. β. 1636 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1877) II. 9 A parcell of marsh land in which there stands 3 homocks, with Pyne trees upon the south side of the marsh neare the water.1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 229 (note) Excepting the few hommocks near the sea, which are oak land.1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 117 Twenty miles of these green fields, interspersed with hommocks or islets of evergreen trees.1840 W. Irving Seminoles in Knickerbocker Oct. 339 When Florida was ceded by the Spaniards..the Indians..retired..[into the] intricate swamps and hommocks, and vast savannahs of the interior.γ. 1650 R. Williams Let. 20 Mar. (1866) 195 A moose which was killed upon one of your hummocks by Fisher's Island.1681 R. Knox Hist. Ceylon (1817) 25 By marks of great trees, hummacks, or rocks, each man knows his own.1766 H. Laurens in W. Darlington Memorials J. Bartram & H. Marshall (1849) 438 I thrice visited the River St. John..exploring the swamps and hummocks, pine barrens, and sand barrens.1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida App. 12 The island Amelia, which is..to be known by a detached hummock of trees on the south side.1869 in Coues Birds N.W. 478 The nest was a simple hollow in the ground, in a grassy hummock, in the centre of a marshy spot.1872 C. J. Maynard Birds Florida 29 I was walking in a narrow path through a hummock, which lies back of the old fort at Miami [Florida]. c. A sand hill on the sea shore. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] > sand-hill sand-hillc725 dene1278 down1523 sand down1604 dune1605 hummock1793 towan1803 sand-dune1830 medano1839 sea-bank1858 barchan1888 whaleback1918 fore-dune1921 seif1925 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) 197 In 1773 the..boundary of the Sand Hommacks remained nearly the same..but now..the sand hommacks had established themselves. 1819 A. Rees Cycl. XVIII Hommacks, in Engineery, are used by Mr. Smeaton to denote sand hills thrown up by the tide. 1888 Boston Transcript 7 July 5/5 This chart gives height of sand hills [on Sable Island] as 150 feet, when in no instance could Mr. Macdonald find a hummock having an elevation of eighty feet. d. Geology. An elevated or detached boss of rock.‘Navigators use the word hummock to express circular and elevated mounts, appearing at a distance; I adopt the word from them’ (Richardson, 1808, as below). ΚΠ 1808 Richardson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 98 218 To these may be compared the stratified basaltic hummocks so profusely scattered over our area. 1808 Richardson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 98 221 It will hardly be asserted that these hummocks were originally formed solitary and separate as they now stand. 1829 S. Glover Hist. County of Derby I. 51 Detached portions or hummocks of coal measures. 1839 R. I. Murchison Silurian Syst. i. xxxvi. 500 The trap..reappearing here and there in hummocks. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 162 The flat-domed hummocks of rock, produced in this way are termed sheep-backs. e. ‘A protuberance raised upon any plane of ice above the common level’ (Scoresby); ‘a lump, thrown up by some pressure or force, on an ice field or floe’ (Sir J. Ross). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [noun] > floe > lump thrown up on hummock1818 1818 Edinb. Rev. 30 17 A portion of ice rising above the common level, is termed a hummock. 1823 W. Scoresby Jrnl. Voy. Northern Whale-fishery 51 Many of the hummocks of the ice were at least twenty feet high..Some of these hummocks seemed to be of recent production. 1835 J. Ross Narr. Second Voy. North-west Passage xxix. 75/2 We proceeded over the level of the sea of ice, and, passing some hummocks, arrived at the desired cape. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) x. 74 At the margins of the floes, where their ragged edges have come into grinding contact, the ice is piled up into ridges... These are the ‘hummocks’. 1878 A. H. Markham Great Frozen Sea xxii. 308 The hummocks proved most formidable impediments to our advance. f. gen. A boss-like protuberance rising irregularly from any surface; a knoll, hillock, or small piece rising abruptly above the general level, and causing inequality of the surface. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > hummock ground-wart1568 hub1669 mamelle1779 mamelon1830 hump1838 hummock1839 mammillation1849 1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. xxiii. 589 The lava streams are covered with hummocks. 1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 339 Jumping from hummock to hummock. 1859 J. E. Tennent Ceylon II. ix. v. 503 The ground..was thrown up into hummocks like great molehills. 1867 G. M. Musgrave Nooks & Corners Old France I. vii. 255 Hummocks of hard earth varying between two and three feet in height. g. transferred. A hummock-like mass or lump. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > protuberance or rounded projection > [noun] > a protuberance or protuberant part > a hump or lump bulchc1300 lump?a1500 hillock?1527 bump1533 hulch1611 hump1709 hunch1803 mump1847 nib1847 wodge1847 hummock1864 1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 186 One of those yellow hummocks [polar bears] goes slumping up and down his cage. 2. attributive, as hummock-land (see 1b, and hummocky adj. 1), hummock-ridge, hummock-soil, etc. ΚΠ 1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 15 I shall then treat of them by the names of pine land, Hammock land, savannahs, swamps, marshes, and bay, or cypress galls. 1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 17 The hammock land so called from its appearing in tufts among the lofty pines. 1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 17 The true hammock soil is a mixture of clay and a blackish sand, and in some spots a kind of ochre. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxii. 274 To avoid the accumulation of snows and hummock-ridges. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxvi. 338 Such ice I have seen 36 feet in height; and when subjected..to hummock-squeezing, 60 and 70 feet. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. II. i. 16 Under the hospitable lee of an inclined hummock-slab. Derivatives ˈhummocked adj. /ˈhʌməkt/ thrown into hummocks; hummocky, uneven. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [adjective] > hummock > full of hummocky1767 hummocked1856 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxxii. 447 It is a rugged, hummocked drive. ˈhummocking n. the forming of hummocks on an ice field. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [noun] > ice-field or pack-ice > forming hummocks hummocking1853 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xvi. 122 The elastic material corrugated before the enormous pressure; then cracked, then crumbled, and at last rose... This imposing process of dynamics is called ‘Hummocking’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1555
随便看	on or upon a large scale on or upon a level on or upon a liberal scale on or upon a scale on or upon a small scale on or upon a sudden on or upon a suddenty on or upon height on or upon one's tiptoes on or upon sale on or upon second thoughts) on or upon spray on or upon suddenty on or upon the beam on or upon the by on or upon the drift on or upon the fence on or upon the fret on or upon the knee(s on or upon the larboard beam on or upon the lees on or upon the listen on or upon the one's knee(s on or upon the speed on or upon the spray