parallelogramn.

Brit.

/ˌparəˈlɛləɡram/, U.S.

/ˌpɛrəˈlɛləˌɡræm/

Forms: 1500s parallelogramme, 1600s paralelagrames (plural), 1600s paralelogram, 1600s paralelogramme, 1600s– parallelogram.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French parallélogramme.

Etymology: < French parallélogramme (1547) < post-classical Latin parallelogrammum (4th–5th cent.) < Hellenistic Greek παραλληλόγραμμον , use as noun of neuter singular of παραλληλόγραμμος bounded by parallel lines < ancient Greek παράλληλος parallel adj. + γραμμή line (see -gram comb. form).

a. Geometry. A four-sided plane rectilinear figure whose opposite sides are parallel; esp. one whose sides do not intersect at right angles. Hence: an area, object, etc., having this shape, or whose cross-section has this shape.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [noun] > quadrilateral > parallelogram

parallelogram1570

the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [noun] > quadrilateral > parallelogram > object or piece in shape of

parallelogram1570

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > quadrilateral > parallelogram

like-jamb1551

parallelogram1570

supplement1570

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 44 There are fower kindes of parallelogrammes, a square, a figure of one side longer then the other, a Rhombus, or diamond figure, and a Rhomboides or diamondlike figure.

1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia ii. vi. 58 Parallelograms, Squares, Circles, Oualls, Lunaries.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 60 A parallelogram or long square figure.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. ii. 21 Cones, Cylinders, Parallelograms, and several other Mathematical Figures.

1781 S. Neville Diary 24 Oct. (1950) xii. 277 Saw the mixed-cloth Hall... It is a parallelogram.

1806 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) I. 288 Parallelograms..on the Same Base, and between the Same Parallels, are equal to each other.

1833 H. Ellis Elgin Marbles I. iv. 71 The plan of the generality of the temples of Greece..was that of a simple parallelogram.

1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab ii. 21 Picture a parallelogram of canvas quite black, and with a roof only three or four feet above the ground.

1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. i. 5 (caption) The angles of the parallelogram forming the front face of the figure are 78° 23′ and 101° 37′.

1994 L. A. Graf Firestorm xiii. 129 Backlighting from the camp stretched Gamow's shadow into a long, unnatural parallelogram.

b. parallelogram of forces n. [compare French parallélogramme des forces (1759)] a parallelogram illustrating the theorem that if two forces acting at a point are represented in magnitude and direction by two sides of a parallelogram meeting at that point, their resultant is represented by the diagonal drawn from that point; (hence) the theorem itself. parallelogram of vectors n. an analogous parallelogram used for determining the resultant of any pair of vector quantities, such as velocities. hence parallelogram of velocities.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > specific diagram

parallelogram of forces1818

1818 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 108 269 Half the difference of the angles at the base of the parallelogram of forces.

1830 H. Kater & D. Lardner Treat. Mechanics v. 50 To verify experimentally the theorem of the parallelogram of forces is not difficult.

1876 Analyst 3 186 It can easily be proved, by the well known principle of the parallelogram of velocities and forces, that every planetary body must be accelerated in its orbit.

1914 Science 26 June 940/2 Vector analysis may be called an algebra that rests on certain (arbitrary) assumptions, and the ‘parallelogram of vectors’ is one of these fundamental assumptions.

1947 T. J. Reynolds & E. Kent Struct. Steelwork (ed. 8) iv. 60 The two loads, ‘direct’ and that due to the turning moment, for any given rivet, are combined by the parallelogram of forces.

1971 Stud. in Renaissance 18 71 Important theoretical principles of motion, such as those of virtual velocities and the parallelogram of velocities.

1983 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 387 67 H_i may be decomposed (by a parallelogram of vectors) into two components, one directed along x₃ and the other along the direction of the vector ω_i.

1991 Amer. Econ. Rev. 81 316/2 Using the parallelogram of forces to find the interior solution site..produces a diagram of a pyramid.

†2. A former name for a pantograph (pantograph n. 1). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > drawing instruments > for enlarging or reducing

parallelogramc1656

pantograph1723

pantographer1750

reducing compass1778

tracer1812

eidograph1828

reducing machine1848

reduction compass1853

planigraph1877

tracing-instrument1877

c1656 in Sir W. Petty Down Surv. (1851) Pref. 16 These reducements were made by paralelagrames.

1668 S. Pepys Diary 9 Dec. (1976) IX. 390 Showing me the use of the Paralelogram, by which he drow in a quarter of an hour before me, in little from a great, a most neat map of England; that is, all the outlines.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Parallelogram,..an Instrument made of five Rulers of Brass or Wood, with Sockets to slide or set to any Proportion, used to enlarge or diminish any Map or Draught.

1723 E. Stone tr. N. Bion Constr. & Principal Uses Math. Instruments 86 Of the Pentograph, or Parallelogram.

c1850 E. Lomax & T. Gunyon Nicholson's Encycl. Archit. II. 274/1 Pentagraph, or more correctly Pantograph, or Parallelogram, an instrument for copying plans, maps, designs, &c., with expedition, even by a person unskilled in the art of drawing.

Compounds

C1.

parallelogram-shaped adj.

ΚΠ

1768 Philos. Trans. 1767 (Royal Soc.) 57 497 Parallelogram-shaped crystals.

1860 R. Hunt Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 5) II. 234 Short arms, to which are nailed the stocks, which are parallelogram shaped blades of hard wood, with the edges partially sharpened.

1995 Econ. Hist. Rev. 48 308 Initially, gold excavation took place on the parallelogram-shaped outcrop claims.

C2.

† parallelogram protractor n. Obsolete a protractor whose base is connected by jointed crosspieces to a parallel ruler which indicates the angle measured.

ΚΠ

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Parallelogram Protractor, is a Semicircle of Brass, with four Rulers, in form of a Parallelogram, made to move to any Angle; one of which Rulers is an Index, which shews on the Semi-circle the Quantity of any inward or outward Angle.

Derivatives

paraˈllelogram-wise adv. rare

ΚΠ

1842 E. Miall in Nonconformist 2 809 Communities..shaped parallelogram-wise.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	parallelogram
释义	parallelogramn. Brit. /ˌparəˈlɛləɡram/, U.S. /ˌpɛrəˈlɛləˌɡræm/ Forms: 1500s parallelogramme, 1600s paralelagrames (plural), 1600s paralelogram, 1600s paralelogramme, 1600s– parallelogram. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French parallélogramme. Etymology: < French parallélogramme (1547) < post-classical Latin parallelogrammum (4th–5th cent.) < Hellenistic Greek παραλληλόγραμμον , use as noun of neuter singular of παραλληλόγραμμος bounded by parallel lines < ancient Greek παράλληλος parallel adj. + γραμμή line (see -gram comb. form). 1. a. Geometry. A four-sided plane rectilinear figure whose opposite sides are parallel; esp. one whose sides do not intersect at right angles. Hence: an area, object, etc., having this shape, or whose cross-section has this shape. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [noun] > quadrilateral > parallelogram parallelogram1570 the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [noun] > quadrilateral > parallelogram > object or piece in shape of parallelogram1570 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > quadrilateral > parallelogram like-jamb1551 parallelogram1570 supplement1570 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 44 There are fower kindes of parallelogrammes, a square, a figure of one side longer then the other, a Rhombus, or diamond figure, and a Rhomboides or diamondlike figure. 1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia ii. vi. 58 Parallelograms, Squares, Circles, Oualls, Lunaries. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 60 A parallelogram or long square figure. View more context for this quotation 1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. ii. 21 Cones, Cylinders, Parallelograms, and several other Mathematical Figures. 1781 S. Neville Diary 24 Oct. (1950) xii. 277 Saw the mixed-cloth Hall... It is a parallelogram. 1806 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) I. 288 Parallelograms..on the Same Base, and between the Same Parallels, are equal to each other. 1833 H. Ellis Elgin Marbles I. iv. 71 The plan of the generality of the temples of Greece..was that of a simple parallelogram. 1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab ii. 21 Picture a parallelogram of canvas quite black, and with a roof only three or four feet above the ground. 1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. i. 5 (caption) The angles of the parallelogram forming the front face of the figure are 78° 23′ and 101° 37′. 1994 L. A. Graf Firestorm xiii. 129 Backlighting from the camp stretched Gamow's shadow into a long, unnatural parallelogram. b. parallelogram of forces n. [compare French parallélogramme des forces (1759)] a parallelogram illustrating the theorem that if two forces acting at a point are represented in magnitude and direction by two sides of a parallelogram meeting at that point, their resultant is represented by the diagonal drawn from that point; (hence) the theorem itself. parallelogram of vectors n. an analogous parallelogram used for determining the resultant of any pair of vector quantities, such as velocities. hence parallelogram of velocities. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > specific diagram parallelogram of forces1818 1818 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 108 269 Half the difference of the angles at the base of the parallelogram of forces. 1830 H. Kater & D. Lardner Treat. Mechanics v. 50 To verify experimentally the theorem of the parallelogram of forces is not difficult. 1876 Analyst 3 186 It can easily be proved, by the well known principle of the parallelogram of velocities and forces, that every planetary body must be accelerated in its orbit. 1914 Science 26 June 940/2 Vector analysis may be called an algebra that rests on certain (arbitrary) assumptions, and the ‘parallelogram of vectors’ is one of these fundamental assumptions. 1947 T. J. Reynolds & E. Kent Struct. Steelwork (ed. 8) iv. 60 The two loads, ‘direct’ and that due to the turning moment, for any given rivet, are combined by the parallelogram of forces. 1971 Stud. in Renaissance 18 71 Important theoretical principles of motion, such as those of virtual velocities and the parallelogram of velocities. 1983 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 387 67 H_i may be decomposed (by a parallelogram of vectors) into two components, one directed along x₃ and the other along the direction of the vector ω_i. 1991 Amer. Econ. Rev. 81 316/2 Using the parallelogram of forces to find the interior solution site..produces a diagram of a pyramid. †2. A former name for a pantograph (pantograph n. 1). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > drawing instruments > for enlarging or reducing parallelogramc1656 pantograph1723 pantographer1750 reducing compass1778 tracer1812 eidograph1828 reducing machine1848 reduction compass1853 planigraph1877 tracing-instrument1877 c1656 in Sir W. Petty Down Surv. (1851) Pref. 16 These reducements were made by paralelagrames. 1668 S. Pepys Diary 9 Dec. (1976) IX. 390 Showing me the use of the Paralelogram, by which he drow in a quarter of an hour before me, in little from a great, a most neat map of England; that is, all the outlines. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Parallelogram,..an Instrument made of five Rulers of Brass or Wood, with Sockets to slide or set to any Proportion, used to enlarge or diminish any Map or Draught. 1723 E. Stone tr. N. Bion Constr. & Principal Uses Math. Instruments 86 Of the Pentograph, or Parallelogram. c1850 E. Lomax & T. Gunyon Nicholson's Encycl. Archit. II. 274/1 Pentagraph, or more correctly Pantograph, or Parallelogram, an instrument for copying plans, maps, designs, &c., with expedition, even by a person unskilled in the art of drawing. Compounds C1. parallelogram-shaped adj. ΚΠ 1768 Philos. Trans. 1767 (Royal Soc.) 57 497 Parallelogram-shaped crystals. 1860 R. Hunt Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 5) II. 234 Short arms, to which are nailed the stocks, which are parallelogram shaped blades of hard wood, with the edges partially sharpened. 1995 Econ. Hist. Rev. 48 308 Initially, gold excavation took place on the parallelogram-shaped outcrop claims. C2. † parallelogram protractor n. Obsolete a protractor whose base is connected by jointed crosspieces to a parallel ruler which indicates the angle measured. ΚΠ 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Parallelogram Protractor, is a Semicircle of Brass, with four Rulers, in form of a Parallelogram, made to move to any Angle; one of which Rulers is an Index, which shews on the Semi-circle the Quantity of any inward or outward Angle. Derivatives paraˈllelogram-wise adv. rare ΚΠ 1842 E. Miall in Nonconformist 2 809 Communities..shaped parallelogram-wise. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1570
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