panthern.

Brit.

/ˈpanθə/, U.S.

/ˈpænθər/

Forms: Old English palther (probably transmission error), Old English pandher, Middle English panteere, Middle English pantier, Middle English pater (transmission error), Middle English–1500s pantera, Middle English–1500s pantere, Middle English–1500s panthere, Middle English–1600s panter, Middle English–1600s panthera, Middle English– panther, 1500s pantare, 1500s panthare, 1500s–1600s panthar; U.S. regional 1800s– panter, 1900s– pant'er; Scottish pre-1700 pantere, pre-1700 pantheir, pre-1700 panthere, pre-1700 1700s– panther. See also painter n.³

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin panthēra; French panthere.

Etymology: In early use < classical Latin panthēra leopard or other large spotted cat (see below); apparently subsequently reborrowed < (i) Anglo-Norman panthere, pantere, pantiere, pantire, paunter (also panteros ) and Old French pantere (first half of the 12th cent.), Old French, Middle French, French panthère (13th cent.) and its etymon (ii) classical Latin panthēra < ancient Greek πάνθηρ large spotted cat. The latter is evidently a loanword, but is of unknown origin; compare pardal n.The folk-etymological analysis of the name, as from ancient Greek παν- all (see pan- comb. form) + θήρ wild beast (see thero- comb. form), gave rise to many fancies and fables; compare e.g. the medieval French author Philippe de Thaun in the following quot. (and see note at sense 1a):c1130 P. de Thaun Bestiaire (1900) 461 E oez de sun num signeficatiun: ‘Pan’ en griu ‘trestut’ est, Kar de tel nature est: Ele at multes valurs Si at plusurs colurs, Dulce est e atempree E de bestes amee; Tut aime par raisun Fors sulement dragun.

a. Originally: an exotic spotted big cat that was believed to be distinct from the leopard. Now: a leopard ( Panthera pardus), esp. a melanistic one.As with other exotic animals, the name, handed down from the Latin writers, was known long before the animal; all the early references merely reflect the statements of ancient authors and their medieval continuators. These statements were long believed to refer to a beast distinct from the leopard. This belief was encouraged by the existence of two Latin names, panthēra and pardus (see pard n.¹); the ancient writers themselves were not clear as to the relation between the two. The perceived distinction was further perpetuated by fabulous notions regarding the generation of the leopard as a hybrid between the lion and the ‘pard’, and also regarding the sweet fragrance fabled to be exhaled by the panther. Until the mid 19th cent. many taxonomists considered the panther and the leopard to be separate species, differentiated on the basis of size and pattern of spots.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > [noun] > genus Panthera > panthera pardus (leopard or panther)

pantherOE

pardOE

leoparda1290

catamountain?a1475

pardal1553

tiger1604

mountain cat1625

catamount1664

pardalis1687

black panther1789

guepard1882

OE Panther 12 Is þæt deor pandher bi noman haten, þæs þe niþþa bearn, wisfæste weras on gewritum cyþað bi þam anstapan.

OE tr. Alexander's Let. to Aristotle (1995) §34. 246 Þa gesawon we ægþer ge wif ge wæpnedmen mid palthera [prob. read panthera; L. pantherarum] fellum & tigriscum þara deora hydum gegyryde.

a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 533 Panter is an wilde der..He is blac so bro of qual Mið wite spottes sapen al.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 295 Leouns in Syria..ben blake wiþ white spekkes and ben like to panteres..alle foure footed bestes han likynge to byholde the dyuers colours of the pantera.

c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) 6438 (MED) Bounte..in his sheelde..Hath enprented a pantere.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope iv. v Fable of a panthere whiche felle in to a pytte.

?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. ee.iii And by a swete smelle I knewe a pantere.

1545 G. Joye Expos. Daniel (vii.) f. 98 The leoparde or spotted panthere..signifieth the kingdom of great Alexander.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vi. 26 The spotted Panther, and the tusked Bore, The Pardale swift, and the Tigre cruell.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman Ep. Ded. sig. A3^v Which (as the Panthars breath..) hath made your name sweet.

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Panther, a kinde of spotted beast, the Leopard, or Libard being the Male, the Panther the Female.

1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther ii. 46 The Panther's breath was ever fam'd for sweet.

1738 Gentleman's Mag. May 299/2 Who can with a steady Pulse behold the Shields, Spears, Swords, the Tygers, Leopards, Panthers.

1798 Proc. Afr. Assoc. 9 Of the other wild animals in the Mandingo countries, the most common are the hyæna, the panther, and the elephant.

1800 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. I. ii. 349 In the twelfth edition of the Systema Naturæ the Panther and Leopard seem to be confounded by Linnæus himself, who seems to have considered them as the same species.

1813 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. (ed. 4) I. 261 In his general habits he [sc. the Leopard] resembles the Panther, lying in ambush for prey.

1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision I. i. 30 Lo! a panther, nimble, light, And cover'd with a speckled skin, appear'd.

1891 W. H. Flower & R. Lydekker Introd. Study Mammals xi. 515 The attempts to separate a larger and more robust variety, under the name of Panther, from a smaller and more graceful form, to which the name Leopard might properly be restricted, have failed.

1923 D. A. Mackenzie Myths China & Japan x. 138 Sometimes Si Wang Mu is depicted..with disordered hair, tiger's teeth, and a panther's tail.

1974 M. W. Fox Understanding your Cat ii. 33 Cats of the Old World include the leopard, tiger, lion, and cheetah (and the black form also known as the panther).

1991 A. A. Aidoo Changes iv. 22 He wore kohl around his eyes, moved like a panther, and was very good looking.

b. Chiefly North American. The puma or cougar, Felis concolor (cf. painter n.³); (also) †the jaguar, Panthera onca (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > [noun] > genus Panthera > panthera onca (jaguar)

jaguar1604

tiger1604

panther1683

jaguarete1753

American tiger1774

Mexican tiger1842

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > [noun] > genus Felis > felis concolor (puma)

tiger1604

mountain lion?1615

panther1683

painter1738

red tiger1763

puma1771

American mountain lion1774

cougar1774

poltroon tiger1790

catamount1794

Indian devil1838

black panther1857

1683 W. Penn Let. Free Soc. Traders 4 The Creatures..that are natural to these parts, are the Wild Cat, Panther, Otter, Wolf, [etc.].

1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 26 Numbers of Panthers, Tygers, Wolves, and other Beasts of Prey..take this Swamp for their Abode in the Day.

1730 in New Jersey Archives XI. 202 On Monday..was killed..a monstrous large Panther.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 252 The Jaguar or Panther of America.

1808 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi (1810) 66 Saw a very large animal, which, from its leaps, I supposed to have been a panther; but if so, it was twice as large as those on the lower Mississippi.

1843 F. Marryat Narr. Trav. M. Violet III. xiii. 263 The puma, or red panther, is also called ‘American lion, cougar’.

1894 Cent. Mag. Apr. 849 The panther was long called a ‘tyger’ in the Carolinas, and a ‘lyon’ elsewhere.

1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling xiv. 152 He was not afraid of lynx or wild-cat, but a panther had been known to attack a horse.

1959 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 2 May 11/7 Panthers—also known as cougars—were once rampant in Eastern Canada.

1990 E. Gilchrist I cannot get you Close Enough ii. vii. 143 The horses were subdued by the moonlight, cautious and quiet, remembering panthers and coyotes and bears.

c. figurative. A fierce, powerful, or elusive person or thing.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > savage person > [noun]

wolfa900

liona1225

beastc1225

wild manc1290

tiger?a1513

Turk1536

club-fist1575

scourgemutton1581

wolver1593

vulture1605

savage1609

inhuman1653

brutal1655

Tartar1669

hyena1671

dragoon1712

Huna1744

panther1822

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > fierceness > [noun] > person or being

wolfa900

liona1225

wild manc1290

boar1297

fell1340

tiger?a1513

centaur1565

wolver1593

to speak bandog and Bedlam1600

vulture1605

killbuck1612

man-tigera1652

Tartar1669

hyena1671

dragoon1712

vampire1741

Huna1744

panther1868

1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 17 Her slow dogs of war..see The panther, Freedom, fled to her old cover, Amid seas and mountains, and a mightier brood Crouch round.

1841 R. E. Landor Earl of Brecon II. i. 20 Ralph from the buttery? Ralph—Panther Ralph—the foremost of the three.

1868 Sat. Rev. 18 Jan. 75/2 Even authoresses seem to accept with perfect equanimity the idea that taming the male panther is out of the question.

1988 C. McWilliam Case of Knives (1989) i. 11 What we hunt is monsters who will turn on us, victims who will show themselves panthers and Calibans.

d. U.S. With capital initial. = black panther n. 2. Usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > specific societies or organizations > [noun] > specific black association > member of

black panther1965

panther1967

1967 N.Y. Times 21 May 66/3 Mr. Newton said that ‘many racists control the gun stores’ and the Panthers are turned down when they try to buy.

1973 E. Bullins Theme is Blackness 141 Say, brother..you Panthers sell papers just like the Muslims..don't cha?

1995 Muzik July 52/2 In May, 1967,..Seale, Newton and 25 armed Panthers bum-rushed the State Legislature Assembly in Sacramento and made national and international headlines with their ‘Right To Bear Arms’ protest.

†2. Used as the name of a drug, perhaps a sweet-smelling one. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > other miscellaneous medicines > [noun]

pesse1464

adarces1566

marmaritin1584

apostles' salt1605

methium?1608

panther1656

lenociny1657

aroph1658

fox-lungs1660

Dutch drops1843

penicillamine1943

1656 in H. Scobell Acts & Ordinances Parl. (1658) c. 20. 464 Drugs called Panther, the pound, £2.

†3. A European geometrid moth: the light magpie, Abraxas pantaria, or the sharp-angled carpet, Euphyia unangulata. Also panther moth. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Geometridae > carpet > types of

panther1775

garden carpet1809

chalk carpet1832

wall-carpet1832

ringed carpet1839

red carpet1890

1775 M. Harris Eng. Lepidoptera 39 Panther.

1871 M. Browne List Brit. Macro-Lepidoptera Sci. & Eng. Names 25 Reputed and doubtful British species or varieties..Abraxas pantaria. The Panther.

1890 Cent. Dict. 4263/2 Panther-moth, a European geometrid, Cidaria unangulata: an English collectors' name.

4. U.S. slang. = panther sweat n. at Compounds 2. Cf. panther piss n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > gin > [noun]

bottled lightning1713

gin1713

royal bob1722

diddle1725

strike-fire1725

tittery1725

max1728

maxim1739

strip-me-naked1751

eye-water1755

sky blue1755

lightning1781

Jacky1800

ribbon1811

Daffy's elixir1821

sweet-stuff1835

tiger's milk1850

juniper1857

cream of the wilderness1858

satin1864

Twankay1900

panther1931

mother's ruin1933

needle and pin1937

1931 ‘C. Graham’ & ‘G. Graham’ Whitey vii. 124 Mabel eyed the proferred fifth of gin suspiciously, removed the stopper and sniffed it... It's pure panther,’ Whitey observed with a touch of pride.

1932 Amer. Speech 7 436 More Stanford expressions... ‘Whisperlows’ are speakeasies, and ‘panther’ is the common name for gin.

1939 W.C. Fields & M. West Honky-Tonk in W. C. Fields by Himself (1973) 336 Give me a shot of that panther.

Phrases

to feast with panthers: (originally) to engage in illicit or prohibited sexual conduct; (later, more generally) to get too close to someone or something dangerous or untrustworthy; to live dangerously, to invite trouble.After Oscar Wilde's simile: see quot. 1897.

ΚΠ

1897 O. Wilde De Profundis in Lett. (1962) 492 People thought it dreadful of me to have entertained at dinner the evil things of life, and to have found pleasure in their company. But..it was like feasting with panthers; the danger was half the excitement.

1959 R. B. Asprey Panther's Feast ii. vii.179 When these palled he sent his body slave to feast with panthers and walk the thin line of the razor's edge in pursuit of danger and thrill and passion.

2019 Telegraph (Nexis) 22 Oct. I often had dealings with anguished members of the Royal family and their perplexed advisers... They tended to fall into one of two traps... The first was to be disdainfully distant from the media. The second was to get too close to us, feasting with panthers.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective. A selection of typical formations is illustrated.

panther killing n.

ΚΠ

1887 R. Kipling Lett. of Marque (1909) ix. 70 Of the pig-drive which was a panther-killing.

2001 Miami Herald (Nexis) 25 May 1 a Billie is acquitted on state charges of killing an endangered animal in the alleged panther killing.

† panther-kind n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 254 An animal of the panther kind.

1815 J. Cottle Messiah viii. 126 Now beasts, of panther kind, with gory fangs, Roaring, draw near!

† panther-springer n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1898 G. Meredith Odes French Hist. 48 The smiter, panther-springer, trapper sly.

panther tooth n.

ΚΠ

1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 341/2 With panther-teeth their victim's heart They tear.

1995 Miami Herald (Nexis) 24 Jan. 1 d (caption) The Panthers skate out for their home opener through a set of large Panther teeth Monday night.

panther tread n.

ΚΠ

1899 Westm. Gaz. 9 Feb. 2/1 The cat..still keeps..the bold, free panther-tread with which it paced of yore the temple courts of Thebes.

1982 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 21 Mar. vii. 3/1 The handsome young waiter with panther tread and animal gaze.

b. (In sense 1d.)

Panther newspaper n.

ΚΠ

1973 E. Bullins Theme is Blackness 141 A Black Panther selling Panther newspapers.

1994 B. A. Staples Parallel Time x. 184 Professor Biddle had heard at his dinner table what I'd known only in snatches from the Panther newspaper.

Panther party n.

ΚΠ

1970 G. Jackson Let. 4 Apr. in Soledad Brother (1971) 220 The young Panther party member, our vanguard, must be embraced, protected, allowed to develop.

Panther rhetoric n.

ΚΠ

1973 Black Panther 3 Mar. 8/1 Yet there are some people who say..that Panther rhetoric invites repression and destruction.

1981 W. H. Chafe Civilities & Civil Rights 198 Nelson Johnson and his co-workers rejected Panther rhetoric and methods of organization.

c. Parasynthetic.

panther-footed adj.

ΚΠ

1787 J. Thelwall Poems Var. Subj. I. 172 Regain the youthful hours unstain'd by crime, Those panther-footed hours of pure delight?

1990 New Scientist 30 June 79/1 The great hope, the steely-eyed, sharp-suited, panther-footed whizz-kid.

† panther-peopled adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

a1822 P. B. Shelley Witch of Atlas xxxviii, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 41 Amid The panther-peopled forests.

panther-spotted adj.

ΚΠ

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 22 Some soules of this Panther-spotted Ierusalem, may bee extraught to ioy with me.

1857 F. W. Faber Poems lxviii. p. iv There many a proud young fritillary weaves With hyacinths his panther-spotted leaves.

1991 Record (Bergen, New Jersey) (Nexis) 21 Mar. e4 From brocades and silks in playing-card patterns to feathered ocher and black panther-spotted cloque silks.

C2.

panther cat n. U.S. the cougar (cf. sense 1b); (also) the ocelot, Felis pardalis.

ΚΠ

1855 Putnam's Monthly Mag. Apr. 366 Where the buffalo plays with the panther-cat, And the north wind goes to cough.

1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. at Panther Panther-cat, the ocelot.

2001 Arizona Republic (Nexis) 6 July (Preview section) 1 p Lily runs from the dreaded ‘panther cat’ that stalks the woods at night.

panther cowrie n. a cowrie mottled with dark brown spots, Cypraea pantherina, of the Red Sea and East Africa.

ΚΠ

1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. at Panther Panther-cowry, a spotted cowry (Cypræa pantherina) of the East Indies.

1982 Macdonald Encycl. Shells No. 247 Cypraea pantherina, Panther Cowrie.

panther juice n. U.S. slang = panther sweat n.; cf. panther piss n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [noun] > strong > home-made

popskull1865

panther sweat1929

faamafu1934

panther piss1941

jungle juice1945

torpedo juice1946

panther juice1958

1931 C. Ford Coconut Oil 130 Our native drink around here. It's made from the juice of panthers.]

1958 W. F. McCulloch Woods Words 132 Panther juice..Panther sweat—a stout drink of any kind.

1960 J. Philips Whisper Town (1961) i. i. 4 Here's your panther juice, Judge.

panther lily n. a lily of the western United States, Lilium pardalinum, cultivated for its orange flowers with dark red spots; also called leopard lily.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > lily and allied flowers > lilies

lily971

lily-flower1340

martagon1440

delucea1450

red lily1531

purple lily1578

mountain lily1597

gold lily1629

Turk's cap1672

turn-cap1688

Juno's rose1706

orange lily1731

Canada lily1771

Japan lily1813

tiger-lily1824

Annunciation lily1853

Easter lily1860

golden-rayed lily1865

scarlet martagon1867

Japanese lily1870

Madonna lily1877

Bermuda lily1882

thimble lily1883

panther lily1884

triplet lily1884

turban-lily1884

Mary-lily1893

tiger1901

leopard lily1902

lilium1902

swamp lily1902

Washington lily1911

Shasta lily1915

regal lily1916

regale1920

Oregon lily1925

1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 78/1 Panther Lily.

1900 Field 23 June 903/3 L[ilium]superbum..requires a vegetable soil like the Panther lily.

1999 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 13 Nov. 64 The Panther lily likes shady damp areas where it will throw up huge flower stems with up to 30 scented crimson and yellow blooms up to 4in across.

panther piss n. (also panther's piss) slang (originally and chiefly U.S.) strong, esp. bootleg, liquor; (occasionally) any strong and unpalatable drink.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [noun] > strong > home-made

popskull1865

panther sweat1929

faamafu1934

panther piss1941

jungle juice1945

torpedo juice1946

panther juice1958

1941 Amer. Speech 16 24 Panther p—. Hard liquor (particularly that of Prohibition days).

1946 T. Heggen Mister Roberts 134 ‘That whiskey they make,’ said Dowdy, ‘is really panther-piss.’

1993 D. Dunn Dante's Drum-kit III. xi. 72 Befuddled crazies Sip panther piss By their bonfire.

† panther's bane n. Obsolete rare the plant leopard's bane, Doronicum pardalianches.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > [noun] > aconite or wolf's bane

monk's cowl1548

wolf's-bane1548

flint-wort1567

libardine1567

aconite1569

wolf's-wort1575

napellus1576

monkshood1578

napelo1580

helmet-flower1597

scorpion1601

napell1605

wolfwort1611

monk's-head1682

panther's bane1712

blue rocketa1825

bikh1830

friar's cap1830

fox-bane1840

Turk's cap1854

Adam and Eve1879

face-in-hood1886

1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 38/2 The Doronicum Romanum we call Wolfsbane, is a little yellow root... It is call'd Aconitum pardalianches Plantaginis Folio, or Panthersbane with the Plantain-leaf.

panther sweat n. U.S. slang strong esp. bootleg, liquor.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [noun] > strong > home-made

popskull1865

panther sweat1929

faamafu1934

panther piss1941

jungle juice1945

torpedo juice1946

panther juice1958

1929 Amer. Speech 4 386 Whiskey is sometimes called donk or mule because of its..‘kick’... Panther-sweat..and rat-track whiskey are less easily classified.

1951 Esquire June 115 A shot of panther sweat.

1974 R. A. Heinlein Time enough for Love (1979) i. 37 Whew! Panther sweat. But it does have alcohol in it.

panther toad n. either of two African toads, Bufo pantherinus of South Africa, and B. regularis, widespread in sub-Saharan Africa.

ΚΠ

1885 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. i. 370/3 Panther-toad, Bufo pantherinus, from South Africa.

1891 Amer. Geogr. Soc. 23 310 I..pulled out my handkerchief to wipe my forehead, quite forgetting that I had folded up in it a panther toad, that I had captured on the way to the Consulate.

1990 Independent (Nexis) 15 Oct. 15 In the end Burgers' settled for the panther toad, from South Africa, to act as a biological ant control. The toads did their job well.

† panther-wood n. Obsolete rare a variety of wood from a North African cypress tree, Tetraclinis articulata.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1889 Cent. Dict. at Citron-wood Different kinds of it are known as tiger-wood and panther-wood.

Derivatives

ˈpanther-like adj. resembling or reminiscent of a panther.

ΚΠ

1652 T. Elsliot True Mariner 20 The traitor Prideaux, who albeit he stands charged with high treason, yet both Wolf-like, and Panther-like, he still continues his rapines amongst the Lambes of this Commonwealth.

a1855 C. Brontë Professor (1857) I. xii. 197 Envy and panther-like deceit about her mouth.

1933 Mississippi Valley Hist. Rev. 19 500 They were more panther-like and less accustomed to the ways of the white man than any of the others.

1997 Conservation Biol. 11 510/2 Morondava has many unique assets as..locally abundant populations of Crytoprocta ferox, a large, panther-like carnivore.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	panther
释义	panthern. Brit. /ˈpanθə/, U.S. /ˈpænθər/ Forms: Old English palther (probably transmission error), Old English pandher, Middle English panteere, Middle English pantier, Middle English pater (transmission error), Middle English–1500s pantera, Middle English–1500s pantere, Middle English–1500s panthere, Middle English–1600s panter, Middle English–1600s panthera, Middle English– panther, 1500s pantare, 1500s panthare, 1500s–1600s panthar; U.S. regional 1800s– panter, 1900s– pant'er; Scottish pre-1700 pantere, pre-1700 pantheir, pre-1700 panthere, pre-1700 1700s– panther. See also painter n.³ Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin panthēra; French panthere. Etymology: In early use < classical Latin panthēra leopard or other large spotted cat (see below); apparently subsequently reborrowed < (i) Anglo-Norman panthere, pantere, pantiere, pantire, paunter (also panteros ) and Old French pantere (first half of the 12th cent.), Old French, Middle French, French panthère (13th cent.) and its etymon (ii) classical Latin panthēra < ancient Greek πάνθηρ large spotted cat. The latter is evidently a loanword, but is of unknown origin; compare pardal n.The folk-etymological analysis of the name, as from ancient Greek παν- all (see pan- comb. form) + θήρ wild beast (see thero- comb. form), gave rise to many fancies and fables; compare e.g. the medieval French author Philippe de Thaun in the following quot. (and see note at sense 1a):c1130 P. de Thaun Bestiaire (1900) 461 E oez de sun num signeficatiun: ‘Pan’ en griu ‘trestut’ est, Kar de tel nature est: Ele at multes valurs Si at plusurs colurs, Dulce est e atempree E de bestes amee; Tut aime par raisun Fors sulement dragun. 1. a. Originally: an exotic spotted big cat that was believed to be distinct from the leopard. Now: a leopard ( Panthera pardus), esp. a melanistic one.As with other exotic animals, the name, handed down from the Latin writers, was known long before the animal; all the early references merely reflect the statements of ancient authors and their medieval continuators. These statements were long believed to refer to a beast distinct from the leopard. This belief was encouraged by the existence of two Latin names, panthēra and pardus (see pard n.¹); the ancient writers themselves were not clear as to the relation between the two. The perceived distinction was further perpetuated by fabulous notions regarding the generation of the leopard as a hybrid between the lion and the ‘pard’, and also regarding the sweet fragrance fabled to be exhaled by the panther. Until the mid 19th cent. many taxonomists considered the panther and the leopard to be separate species, differentiated on the basis of size and pattern of spots. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > [noun] > genus Panthera > panthera pardus (leopard or panther) pantherOE pardOE leoparda1290 catamountain?a1475 pardal1553 tiger1604 mountain cat1625 catamount1664 pardalis1687 black panther1789 guepard1882 OE Panther 12 Is þæt deor pandher bi noman haten, þæs þe niþþa bearn, wisfæste weras on gewritum cyþað bi þam anstapan. OE tr. Alexander's Let. to Aristotle (1995) §34. 246 Þa gesawon we ægþer ge wif ge wæpnedmen mid palthera [prob. read panthera; L. pantherarum] fellum & tigriscum þara deora hydum gegyryde. a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 533 Panter is an wilde der..He is blac so bro of qual Mið wite spottes sapen al. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 295 Leouns in Syria..ben blake wiþ white spekkes and ben like to panteres..alle foure footed bestes han likynge to byholde the dyuers colours of the pantera. c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) 6438 (MED) Bounte..in his sheelde..Hath enprented a pantere. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope iv. v Fable of a panthere whiche felle in to a pytte. ?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. ee.iii And by a swete smelle I knewe a pantere. 1545 G. Joye Expos. Daniel (vii.) f. 98 The leoparde or spotted panthere..signifieth the kingdom of great Alexander. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vi. 26 The spotted Panther, and the tusked Bore, The Pardale swift, and the Tigre cruell. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman Ep. Ded. sig. A3^v Which (as the Panthars breath..) hath made your name sweet. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Panther, a kinde of spotted beast, the Leopard, or Libard being the Male, the Panther the Female. 1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther ii. 46 The Panther's breath was ever fam'd for sweet. 1738 Gentleman's Mag. May 299/2 Who can with a steady Pulse behold the Shields, Spears, Swords, the Tygers, Leopards, Panthers. 1798 Proc. Afr. Assoc. 9 Of the other wild animals in the Mandingo countries, the most common are the hyæna, the panther, and the elephant. 1800 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. I. ii. 349 In the twelfth edition of the Systema Naturæ the Panther and Leopard seem to be confounded by Linnæus himself, who seems to have considered them as the same species. 1813 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. (ed. 4) I. 261 In his general habits he [sc. the Leopard] resembles the Panther, lying in ambush for prey. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision I. i. 30 Lo! a panther, nimble, light, And cover'd with a speckled skin, appear'd. 1891 W. H. Flower & R. Lydekker Introd. Study Mammals xi. 515 The attempts to separate a larger and more robust variety, under the name of Panther, from a smaller and more graceful form, to which the name Leopard might properly be restricted, have failed. 1923 D. A. Mackenzie Myths China & Japan x. 138 Sometimes Si Wang Mu is depicted..with disordered hair, tiger's teeth, and a panther's tail. 1974 M. W. Fox Understanding your Cat ii. 33 Cats of the Old World include the leopard, tiger, lion, and cheetah (and the black form also known as the panther). 1991 A. A. Aidoo Changes iv. 22 He wore kohl around his eyes, moved like a panther, and was very good looking. b. Chiefly North American. The puma or cougar, Felis concolor (cf. painter n.³); (also) †the jaguar, Panthera onca (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > [noun] > genus Panthera > panthera onca (jaguar) jaguar1604 tiger1604 panther1683 jaguarete1753 American tiger1774 Mexican tiger1842 the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > [noun] > genus Felis > felis concolor (puma) tiger1604 mountain lion?1615 panther1683 painter1738 red tiger1763 puma1771 American mountain lion1774 cougar1774 poltroon tiger1790 catamount1794 Indian devil1838 black panther1857 1683 W. Penn Let. Free Soc. Traders 4 The Creatures..that are natural to these parts, are the Wild Cat, Panther, Otter, Wolf, [etc.]. 1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 26 Numbers of Panthers, Tygers, Wolves, and other Beasts of Prey..take this Swamp for their Abode in the Day. 1730 in New Jersey Archives XI. 202 On Monday..was killed..a monstrous large Panther. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 252 The Jaguar or Panther of America. 1808 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi (1810) 66 Saw a very large animal, which, from its leaps, I supposed to have been a panther; but if so, it was twice as large as those on the lower Mississippi. 1843 F. Marryat Narr. Trav. M. Violet III. xiii. 263 The puma, or red panther, is also called ‘American lion, cougar’. 1894 Cent. Mag. Apr. 849 The panther was long called a ‘tyger’ in the Carolinas, and a ‘lyon’ elsewhere. 1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling xiv. 152 He was not afraid of lynx or wild-cat, but a panther had been known to attack a horse. 1959 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 2 May 11/7 Panthers—also known as cougars—were once rampant in Eastern Canada. 1990 E. Gilchrist I cannot get you Close Enough ii. vii. 143 The horses were subdued by the moonlight, cautious and quiet, remembering panthers and coyotes and bears. c. figurative. A fierce, powerful, or elusive person or thing. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > savage person > [noun] wolfa900 liona1225 beastc1225 wild manc1290 tiger?a1513 Turk1536 club-fist1575 scourgemutton1581 wolver1593 vulture1605 savage1609 inhuman1653 brutal1655 Tartar1669 hyena1671 dragoon1712 Huna1744 panther1822 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > fierceness > [noun] > person or being wolfa900 liona1225 wild manc1290 boar1297 fell1340 tiger?a1513 centaur1565 wolver1593 to speak bandog and Bedlam1600 vulture1605 killbuck1612 man-tigera1652 Tartar1669 hyena1671 dragoon1712 vampire1741 Huna1744 panther1868 1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 17 Her slow dogs of war..see The panther, Freedom, fled to her old cover, Amid seas and mountains, and a mightier brood Crouch round. 1841 R. E. Landor Earl of Brecon II. i. 20 Ralph from the buttery? Ralph—Panther Ralph—the foremost of the three. 1868 Sat. Rev. 18 Jan. 75/2 Even authoresses seem to accept with perfect equanimity the idea that taming the male panther is out of the question. 1988 C. McWilliam Case of Knives (1989) i. 11 What we hunt is monsters who will turn on us, victims who will show themselves panthers and Calibans. d. U.S. With capital initial. = black panther n. 2. Usually in plural. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > specific societies or organizations > [noun] > specific black association > member of black panther1965 panther1967 1967 N.Y. Times 21 May 66/3 Mr. Newton said that ‘many racists control the gun stores’ and the Panthers are turned down when they try to buy. 1973 E. Bullins Theme is Blackness 141 Say, brother..you Panthers sell papers just like the Muslims..don't cha? 1995 Muzik July 52/2 In May, 1967,..Seale, Newton and 25 armed Panthers bum-rushed the State Legislature Assembly in Sacramento and made national and international headlines with their ‘Right To Bear Arms’ protest. †2. Used as the name of a drug, perhaps a sweet-smelling one. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > other miscellaneous medicines > [noun] pesse1464 adarces1566 marmaritin1584 apostles' salt1605 methium?1608 panther1656 lenociny1657 aroph1658 fox-lungs1660 Dutch drops1843 penicillamine1943 1656 in H. Scobell Acts & Ordinances Parl. (1658) c. 20. 464 Drugs called Panther, the pound, £2. †3. A European geometrid moth: the light magpie, Abraxas pantaria, or the sharp-angled carpet, Euphyia unangulata. Also panther moth. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Geometridae > carpet > types of panther1775 garden carpet1809 chalk carpet1832 wall-carpet1832 ringed carpet1839 red carpet1890 1775 M. Harris Eng. Lepidoptera 39 Panther. 1871 M. Browne List Brit. Macro-Lepidoptera Sci. & Eng. Names 25 Reputed and doubtful British species or varieties..Abraxas pantaria. The Panther. 1890 Cent. Dict. 4263/2 Panther-moth, a European geometrid, Cidaria unangulata: an English collectors' name. 4. U.S. slang. = panther sweat n. at Compounds 2. Cf. panther piss n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > gin > [noun] bottled lightning1713 gin1713 royal bob1722 diddle1725 strike-fire1725 tittery1725 max1728 maxim1739 strip-me-naked1751 eye-water1755 sky blue1755 lightning1781 Jacky1800 ribbon1811 Daffy's elixir1821 sweet-stuff1835 tiger's milk1850 juniper1857 cream of the wilderness1858 satin1864 Twankay1900 panther1931 mother's ruin1933 needle and pin1937 1931 ‘C. Graham’ & ‘G. Graham’ Whitey vii. 124 Mabel eyed the proferred fifth of gin suspiciously, removed the stopper and sniffed it... It's pure panther,’ Whitey observed with a touch of pride. 1932 Amer. Speech 7 436 More Stanford expressions... ‘Whisperlows’ are speakeasies, and ‘panther’ is the common name for gin. 1939 W.C. Fields & M. West Honky-Tonk in W. C. Fields by Himself (1973) 336 Give me a shot of that panther. Phrases to feast with panthers: (originally) to engage in illicit or prohibited sexual conduct; (later, more generally) to get too close to someone or something dangerous or untrustworthy; to live dangerously, to invite trouble.After Oscar Wilde's simile: see quot. 1897. ΚΠ 1897 O. Wilde De Profundis in Lett. (1962) 492 People thought it dreadful of me to have entertained at dinner the evil things of life, and to have found pleasure in their company. But..it was like feasting with panthers; the danger was half the excitement. 1959 R. B. Asprey Panther's Feast ii. vii.179 When these palled he sent his body slave to feast with panthers and walk the thin line of the razor's edge in pursuit of danger and thrill and passion. 2019 Telegraph (Nexis) 22 Oct. I often had dealings with anguished members of the Royal family and their perplexed advisers... They tended to fall into one of two traps... The first was to be disdainfully distant from the media. The second was to get too close to us, feasting with panthers. Compounds C1. General attributive and objective. A selection of typical formations is illustrated. a. panther killing n. ΚΠ 1887 R. Kipling Lett. of Marque (1909) ix. 70 Of the pig-drive which was a panther-killing. 2001 Miami Herald (Nexis) 25 May 1 a Billie is acquitted on state charges of killing an endangered animal in the alleged panther killing. † panther-kind n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 254 An animal of the panther kind. 1815 J. Cottle Messiah viii. 126 Now beasts, of panther kind, with gory fangs, Roaring, draw near! † panther-springer n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1898 G. Meredith Odes French Hist. 48 The smiter, panther-springer, trapper sly. panther tooth n. ΚΠ 1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 341/2 With panther-teeth their victim's heart They tear. 1995 Miami Herald (Nexis) 24 Jan. 1 d (caption) The Panthers skate out for their home opener through a set of large Panther teeth Monday night. panther tread n. ΚΠ 1899 Westm. Gaz. 9 Feb. 2/1 The cat..still keeps..the bold, free panther-tread with which it paced of yore the temple courts of Thebes. 1982 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 21 Mar. vii. 3/1 The handsome young waiter with panther tread and animal gaze. b. (In sense 1d.) Panther newspaper n. ΚΠ 1973 E. Bullins Theme is Blackness 141 A Black Panther selling Panther newspapers. 1994 B. A. Staples Parallel Time x. 184 Professor Biddle had heard at his dinner table what I'd known only in snatches from the Panther newspaper. Panther party n. ΚΠ 1970 G. Jackson Let. 4 Apr. in Soledad Brother (1971) 220 The young Panther party member, our vanguard, must be embraced, protected, allowed to develop. Panther rhetoric n. ΚΠ 1973 Black Panther 3 Mar. 8/1 Yet there are some people who say..that Panther rhetoric invites repression and destruction. 1981 W. H. Chafe Civilities & Civil Rights 198 Nelson Johnson and his co-workers rejected Panther rhetoric and methods of organization. c. Parasynthetic. panther-footed adj. ΚΠ 1787 J. Thelwall Poems Var. Subj. I. 172 Regain the youthful hours unstain'd by crime, Those panther-footed hours of pure delight? 1990 New Scientist 30 June 79/1 The great hope, the steely-eyed, sharp-suited, panther-footed whizz-kid. † panther-peopled adj. Obsolete ΚΠ a1822 P. B. Shelley Witch of Atlas xxxviii, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 41 Amid The panther-peopled forests. panther-spotted adj. ΚΠ 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 22 Some soules of this Panther-spotted Ierusalem, may bee extraught to ioy with me. 1857 F. W. Faber Poems lxviii. p. iv There many a proud young fritillary weaves With hyacinths his panther-spotted leaves. 1991 Record (Bergen, New Jersey) (Nexis) 21 Mar. e4 From brocades and silks in playing-card patterns to feathered ocher and black panther-spotted cloque silks. C2. panther cat n. U.S. the cougar (cf. sense 1b); (also) the ocelot, Felis pardalis. ΚΠ 1855 Putnam's Monthly Mag. Apr. 366 Where the buffalo plays with the panther-cat, And the north wind goes to cough. 1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. at Panther Panther-cat, the ocelot. 2001 Arizona Republic (Nexis) 6 July (Preview section) 1 p Lily runs from the dreaded ‘panther cat’ that stalks the woods at night. panther cowrie n. a cowrie mottled with dark brown spots, Cypraea pantherina, of the Red Sea and East Africa. ΚΠ 1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. at Panther Panther-cowry, a spotted cowry (Cypræa pantherina) of the East Indies. 1982 Macdonald Encycl. Shells No. 247 Cypraea pantherina, Panther Cowrie. panther juice n. U.S. slang = panther sweat n.; cf. panther piss n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [noun] > strong > home-made popskull1865 panther sweat1929 faamafu1934 panther piss1941 jungle juice1945 torpedo juice1946 panther juice1958 1931 C. Ford Coconut Oil 130 Our native drink around here. It's made from the juice of panthers.] 1958 W. F. McCulloch Woods Words 132 Panther juice..Panther sweat—a stout drink of any kind. 1960 J. Philips Whisper Town (1961) i. i. 4 Here's your panther juice, Judge. panther lily n. a lily of the western United States, Lilium pardalinum, cultivated for its orange flowers with dark red spots; also called leopard lily. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > lily and allied flowers > lilies lily971 lily-flower1340 martagon1440 delucea1450 red lily1531 purple lily1578 mountain lily1597 gold lily1629 Turk's cap1672 turn-cap1688 Juno's rose1706 orange lily1731 Canada lily1771 Japan lily1813 tiger-lily1824 Annunciation lily1853 Easter lily1860 golden-rayed lily1865 scarlet martagon1867 Japanese lily1870 Madonna lily1877 Bermuda lily1882 thimble lily1883 panther lily1884 triplet lily1884 turban-lily1884 Mary-lily1893 tiger1901 leopard lily1902 lilium1902 swamp lily1902 Washington lily1911 Shasta lily1915 regal lily1916 regale1920 Oregon lily1925 1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 78/1 Panther Lily. 1900 Field 23 June 903/3 L[ilium]superbum..requires a vegetable soil like the Panther lily. 1999 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 13 Nov. 64 The Panther lily likes shady damp areas where it will throw up huge flower stems with up to 30 scented crimson and yellow blooms up to 4in across. panther piss n. (also panther's piss) slang (originally and chiefly U.S.) strong, esp. bootleg, liquor; (occasionally) any strong and unpalatable drink. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [noun] > strong > home-made popskull1865 panther sweat1929 faamafu1934 panther piss1941 jungle juice1945 torpedo juice1946 panther juice1958 1941 Amer. Speech 16 24 Panther p—. Hard liquor (particularly that of Prohibition days). 1946 T. Heggen Mister Roberts 134 ‘That whiskey they make,’ said Dowdy, ‘is really panther-piss.’ 1993 D. Dunn Dante's Drum-kit III. xi. 72 Befuddled crazies Sip panther piss By their bonfire. † panther's bane n. Obsolete rare the plant leopard's bane, Doronicum pardalianches. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > [noun] > aconite or wolf's bane monk's cowl1548 wolf's-bane1548 flint-wort1567 libardine1567 aconite1569 wolf's-wort1575 napellus1576 monkshood1578 napelo1580 helmet-flower1597 scorpion1601 napell1605 wolfwort1611 monk's-head1682 panther's bane1712 blue rocketa1825 bikh1830 friar's cap1830 fox-bane1840 Turk's cap1854 Adam and Eve1879 face-in-hood1886 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 38/2 The Doronicum Romanum we call Wolfsbane, is a little yellow root... It is call'd Aconitum pardalianches Plantaginis Folio, or Panthersbane with the Plantain-leaf. panther sweat n. U.S. slang strong esp. bootleg, liquor. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [noun] > strong > home-made popskull1865 panther sweat1929 faamafu1934 panther piss1941 jungle juice1945 torpedo juice1946 panther juice1958 1929 Amer. Speech 4 386 Whiskey is sometimes called donk or mule because of its..‘kick’... Panther-sweat..and rat-track whiskey are less easily classified. 1951 Esquire June 115 A shot of panther sweat. 1974 R. A. Heinlein Time enough for Love (1979) i. 37 Whew! Panther sweat. But it does have alcohol in it. panther toad n. either of two African toads, Bufo pantherinus of South Africa, and B. regularis, widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. ΚΠ 1885 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. i. 370/3 Panther-toad, Bufo pantherinus, from South Africa. 1891 Amer. Geogr. Soc. 23 310 I..pulled out my handkerchief to wipe my forehead, quite forgetting that I had folded up in it a panther toad, that I had captured on the way to the Consulate. 1990 Independent (Nexis) 15 Oct. 15 In the end Burgers' settled for the panther toad, from South Africa, to act as a biological ant control. The toads did their job well. † panther-wood n. Obsolete rare a variety of wood from a North African cypress tree, Tetraclinis articulata.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1889 Cent. Dict. at Citron-wood Different kinds of it are known as tiger-wood and panther-wood. Derivatives ˈpanther-like adj. resembling or reminiscent of a panther. ΚΠ 1652 T. Elsliot True Mariner 20 The traitor Prideaux, who albeit he stands charged with high treason, yet both Wolf-like, and Panther-like, he still continues his rapines amongst the Lambes of this Commonwealth. a1855 C. Brontë Professor (1857) I. xii. 197 Envy and panther-like deceit about her mouth. 1933 Mississippi Valley Hist. Rev. 19 500 They were more panther-like and less accustomed to the ways of the white man than any of the others. 1997 Conservation Biol. 11 510/2 Morondava has many unique assets as..locally abundant populations of Crytoprocta ferox, a large, panther-like carnivore. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.OE
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