ostracismn.

Brit.

/ˈɒstrəsɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈɑstrəˌsɪz(ə)m/

Forms: 1500s–1600s ostracisme, 1600s– ostracism.

Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. A borrowing from Greek. Perhaps also a borrowing from Latin. Perhaps also a borrowing from French. Etymons: Greek ὀστρακισμός; Latin ostracismus; French ostracisme.

Etymology: < ancient Greek ὀστρακισμός (in sense 1) < ὀστρακίζειν ostracize v. + -ισμός -ism suffix, perhaps via post-classical Latin ostracismus (a1536 in Erasmus; already in classical Latin in Nepos, but usually written in Greek letters) or Middle French, French ostracisme (1535 with reference to ancient Greece (compare sense 1), 1667 in extended sense (compare sense 2)). Compare also Spanish ostracismo (1540). Compare slightly earlier ostracy n.Ancient Greek ὀστρακισμός was so called because the banishment was effected by voting with potsherds or tiles (ὄστρακα , plural of ὄστρακον ostracon n.), on which the name of the person whom it was proposed to banish was written.

1. In Athens and other ancient Greek cities: the custom or practice whereby a citizen whose power or influence was considered dangerous to the state was sent into exile for ten (later for five) years; (also) a vote to effect such a banishment. Hence, more generally: temporary banishment, exile, or expatriation.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > exile or state of > [noun] > temporary > by writing names on potsherds

ostracy1579

ostracism1588

ostracizinga1801

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > exile or state of > [noun] > temporary

ostracism1821

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 135 This manner of banishment for a time, called Ostracismon, was no punishment for any faulte committed, but a..taking away of the enuie of the people.]

1588 R. Greene Perimedes sig. Biii^v As sure a repulse to exile melancholie, as the Ostracisme was to the noble of Athens.

1608 D. Tuvill Ess. Politicke, & Morall f. 4^v Ostracismes practiced in those Democraticall and Popular states of elder times.

c1644 J. Cleveland Poems (1659) 53 Hyperbolus by suffering did traduce The Ostracism, and sham'd it out of use.

1697 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ I. i. xxv. 125 The Archons number'd all the Tyles in gross, for if there were fewer than six-thousand, the Ostracism was void.

1714 R. Steele Case of Richard Steele 20 Themistocles after all his Success was driven from Athens by Ostracism, that is, the Sentence of the People.

1768 D. Hume Balance of Power in Ess. xxix. 199 The Ostracism of Athens and Petalism of Syracuse.

1821 Ld. Byron Two Foscari ii. i, in Sardanapalus 227 Had I as many sons As I have years, I would have given them all..to ostracism, Exile, or chains.

1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xxxi. 200 By the ostracism a citizen was banished without special accusation, trial or defence.

1900 F. M. Crawford Rulers of South I. 99 For their own safety the Syracusans introduced the law of petalism corresponding almost exactly to the ostracism of the Athenians.

1943 Polit. Sci. Q. 58 240 Ostracism of political opponents was a familiar practice in Greek cities, especially Athens, where it is ascribed to Cleisthenes.

1992 Daily Tel. (BNC) 12 Apr. When the Assembly itself pulled in too many directions at once, an ostracism did the trick.

2. figurative. Banishment by general consent; exclusion from society, favour, or common privileges; (also) an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > [noun]

discommunion1590

ostracism1602

disfellowship1608

expurgation1615

elimination1623

estrangement1660

social exclusion1831

fugitation1837

leperhood1875

ostracization1875

boycott1880

boycotting1880

boycottism1880

freeze-out1883

freezing out1891

purge1893

1602–3 Lady A. Stuart Let. 9 Mar. (1994) 171 If I have deserved the land should spue me out, I will feed my selfe with the idle and windy conceite of an Ostracisme.

a1631 J. Donne Poems (1633) 85 Virtue in courtiers hearts Suffers an ostracism and departs.

1788 A. Hamilton in Federalist Papers lxv. 211 After having been sentenced to a perpetual [sic] ostracism from the esteem and confidence,..of his country, he will still be liable to prosecution and punishment in the ordinary course of law.

1827 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth I. 62 A sort of ostracism is continually going on against the best, both of men and measures.

1870 M. D. Conway Earthward Pilgrimage ix. 120 The social ostracism of a heretic.

1891 H. Crosby Conform. World 28 Even if social ostracism be the consequence.

1953 E. Jones Sigmund Freud I. xv. 363 When he was finding his professional ostracism depressing, he sought for congenial company among men to whom he felt still nearer.

1987 R. Ellmann Oscar Wilde 551 English law had misdone him by punishment, and English society finished him off by ostracism.

2002 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 15 Sept. xiii. 2/4 Family life has developed an officially sanctioned version of ostracism called the ‘time-out’ for children.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ostracism
释义	ostracismn. Brit. /ˈɒstrəsɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈɑstrəˌsɪz(ə)m/ Forms: 1500s–1600s ostracisme, 1600s– ostracism. Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. A borrowing from Greek. Perhaps also a borrowing from Latin. Perhaps also a borrowing from French. Etymons: Greek ὀστρακισμός; Latin ostracismus; French ostracisme. Etymology: < ancient Greek ὀστρακισμός (in sense 1) < ὀστρακίζειν ostracize v. + -ισμός -ism suffix, perhaps via post-classical Latin ostracismus (a1536 in Erasmus; already in classical Latin in Nepos, but usually written in Greek letters) or Middle French, French ostracisme (1535 with reference to ancient Greece (compare sense 1), 1667 in extended sense (compare sense 2)). Compare also Spanish ostracismo (1540). Compare slightly earlier ostracy n.Ancient Greek ὀστρακισμός was so called because the banishment was effected by voting with potsherds or tiles (ὄστρακα , plural of ὄστρακον ostracon n.), on which the name of the person whom it was proposed to banish was written. 1. In Athens and other ancient Greek cities: the custom or practice whereby a citizen whose power or influence was considered dangerous to the state was sent into exile for ten (later for five) years; (also) a vote to effect such a banishment. Hence, more generally: temporary banishment, exile, or expatriation. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > exile or state of > [noun] > temporary > by writing names on potsherds ostracy1579 ostracism1588 ostracizinga1801 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > exile or state of > [noun] > temporary ostracism1821 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 135 This manner of banishment for a time, called Ostracismon, was no punishment for any faulte committed, but a..taking away of the enuie of the people.] 1588 R. Greene Perimedes sig. Biii^v As sure a repulse to exile melancholie, as the Ostracisme was to the noble of Athens. 1608 D. Tuvill Ess. Politicke, & Morall f. 4^v Ostracismes practiced in those Democraticall and Popular states of elder times. c1644 J. Cleveland Poems (1659) 53 Hyperbolus by suffering did traduce The Ostracism, and sham'd it out of use. 1697 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ I. i. xxv. 125 The Archons number'd all the Tyles in gross, for if there were fewer than six-thousand, the Ostracism was void. 1714 R. Steele Case of Richard Steele 20 Themistocles after all his Success was driven from Athens by Ostracism, that is, the Sentence of the People. 1768 D. Hume Balance of Power in Ess. xxix. 199 The Ostracism of Athens and Petalism of Syracuse. 1821 Ld. Byron Two Foscari ii. i, in Sardanapalus 227 Had I as many sons As I have years, I would have given them all..to ostracism, Exile, or chains. 1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xxxi. 200 By the ostracism a citizen was banished without special accusation, trial or defence. 1900 F. M. Crawford Rulers of South I. 99 For their own safety the Syracusans introduced the law of petalism corresponding almost exactly to the ostracism of the Athenians. 1943 Polit. Sci. Q. 58 240 Ostracism of political opponents was a familiar practice in Greek cities, especially Athens, where it is ascribed to Cleisthenes. 1992 Daily Tel. (BNC) 12 Apr. When the Assembly itself pulled in too many directions at once, an ostracism did the trick. 2. figurative. Banishment by general consent; exclusion from society, favour, or common privileges; (also) an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > [noun] discommunion1590 ostracism1602 disfellowship1608 expurgation1615 elimination1623 estrangement1660 social exclusion1831 fugitation1837 leperhood1875 ostracization1875 boycott1880 boycotting1880 boycottism1880 freeze-out1883 freezing out1891 purge1893 1602–3 Lady A. Stuart Let. 9 Mar. (1994) 171 If I have deserved the land should spue me out, I will feed my selfe with the idle and windy conceite of an Ostracisme. a1631 J. Donne Poems (1633) 85 Virtue in courtiers hearts Suffers an ostracism and departs. 1788 A. Hamilton in Federalist Papers lxv. 211 After having been sentenced to a perpetual [sic] ostracism from the esteem and confidence,..of his country, he will still be liable to prosecution and punishment in the ordinary course of law. 1827 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth I. 62 A sort of ostracism is continually going on against the best, both of men and measures. 1870 M. D. Conway Earthward Pilgrimage ix. 120 The social ostracism of a heretic. 1891 H. Crosby Conform. World 28 Even if social ostracism be the consequence. 1953 E. Jones Sigmund Freud I. xv. 363 When he was finding his professional ostracism depressing, he sought for congenial company among men to whom he felt still nearer. 1987 R. Ellmann Oscar Wilde 551 English law had misdone him by punishment, and English society finished him off by ostracism. 2002 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 15 Sept. xiii. 2/4 Family life has developed an officially sanctioned version of ostracism called the ‘time-out’ for children. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1588
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