naturalityn.

Brit.

/ˌnatʃ(ə)ˈralᵻti/, U.S.

/ˌnætʃ(ə)ˈrælədi/

Forms: Middle English naturalitee, Middle English naturaltee, 1500s naturalyte, 1500s–1600s 1800s– naturality; also Scottish pre-1700 naturalite, pre-1700 naturalitie.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French naturalité.

Etymology: < Middle French, French naturalité (late 13th cent. in Old French) < post-classical Latin naturalitat- , naturalitas natural character (Tertullian, 3rd cent.), naturalness (13th cent. in a British source) < classical Latin nātūrālis natural adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare naturalty n.With letter of naturality (see sense 2) compare Middle French lettres de naturalité (late 15th cent.).

1. Natural, innate character or quality; natural ability. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun]

birtha1250

the manner ofc1300

formc1310

propertyc1390

naturea1393

condition1393

qualitya1398

temperc1400

taragec1407

naturality?a1425

profession?a1439

affecta1460

temperament1471

essence?1533

affection1534

spirit?1534

temperature1539

natural spirit1541

character1577

complexion1589

tincture1590

idiom1596

qualification1602

texture1611

connativea1618

thread1632

genius1639

complexure1648

quale1654

indoles1672

suchness1674

staminaa1676

trim1707

tenor1725

colouring1735

tint1760

type1843

aura1859

thusness1883

physis1923

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 21^v (MED) For þat vnderstonde I naturalez..properly of naturalitee of nutricion & of substance, noȝt of quantite.

1516 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 431/2 Thingis..that the said Johne mycht do hymself an he war of perfite wit, naturalite, age and knawlege.

a1533 Ld. Berners in tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) Prol. sig. Aj^v Contrary in their opinions, as dyuers in their naturalities.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) let. x. f. 131^v The goddis by their naturalyte and power close vp the furies, and gouerne the steres.

a1605 R. Bannatyne Memorials Trans. Scotl. (1836) 167 Lat the world judge specialie sic as ar naturally acquentit with his naturalitie.

a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 29 My naturalitie and easie lerning by the ear maid me the mair unsolide and unreadie to use the forme of the art.

1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs ⁋174 To arraigne and examine the naturalities of the other universal main pillars of curing.

1659 G. Torriano Florio's Vocabolario Italiano & Inglese Spécie, kind.., quality, or naturality.

1834 J. Galt Lit. Life & Misc. III. 38 He was a capital hand at blauds of scripture—citing texts as if they came to him by naturality.

1981 Daily Tel. 16 Dec. 12 The human voice sounds different from a loud-speaker, and thereby loses its naturality.

†2. The position or rights of a natural-born subject; usually in letter of naturality n. Scottish a document granting citizenship to a foreign national. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > status or rights of being a citizen > position or rights of native-born

naturality1518

indigenous rights1858

1518 in R. K. Hannay Acts Lords of Council Public Affairs (1932) 126 [Letters] of naturalite [for Master Anthone Gowzollis, Frenchman] to broik benefice within this realm of Scotland siclyk as he war Scottis born.

1555 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 507 That the elike lettre of naturalitie be grantit..to all..the said King of Frances subiectis..in the realme of Scotland.

1558 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 507 The maist cristine king of france hes grantit ane lettre of Naturalitie for him and his successouris.

1614 W. Barclay Nepenthes sig. A4^v The Spaniards, who haue giuen it the right of naturalitie in their soyle terme it Tabacco.

c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1920) I. 37 Quhilkis letteris of naturalitie grantted be the said maist Christiane King is brocht hame and registrate in the buik of parliament.

†3. Chiefly Scottish. Natural modesty; appropriate feeling, conduct, emotion, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > humility > modesty > [noun] > natural modesty

naturalitya1600

naturaltya1665

the mind > emotion > [noun]

ondeeOE

moodeOE

affection?c1225

affecta1398

feelinga1413

heart1557

stir1563

emotion1603

permotion1656

naturality1822

a1600 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1842) II. 334 That of naturalitie I will do to my barnis as becumis ane fader.

a1628 F. Greville Life of Sidney (1651) x. 123 Greater resolution..than the naturality, diffidence, and quiet complexion of the Princes then reigning could well bear.

1822 J. Galt Sir Andrew Wylie III. xxix. 244 I was vexed when I thought he was dead, and that I should have so little naturality.

1847 J. W. Carlyle Early Lett. (1889) 173 To rouse lethargic friends into naturality.

1858 Sc. Haggis (new ed.) 161 Circumstances have naething altered the naturality of my heart.

a. The state of nature; the natural, inborn way of behaving; naturalness.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > [noun] > not > state of nature as opposed to morality

the (also a) state of nature1534

naturality1619

society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > [noun] > immoral state natural to man

naturea1500

the (also a) state of nature1534

naturality1619

1619 J. Sempill Sacrilege Sacredly Handled App. 47 They haue even lost the common Principles with Brutish Naturalitie, which..will euen vse a kinde of Commutatiue Iustice, and retribution.

1652 R. Baxter Saints Everlasting Rest (ed. 3) ii. Pref. sig. Q8 As all Morality presupposeth Naturality.

1840 W. Whitman Let. 26 Aug. in Amer. Lit. (1986) 91 353 A full confession..generally operates on me like a good dose of calomel on one who has been stuffing immoderately... Excuse the naturality of my metaphor.

1921 Sci. Monthly Mar. 194 The most characteristic feature of science is its actuality, its reality, its naturality.

1976 A. Hill Summer's End i. 14 Waeter's free and natural, and a hoss is close freind to freedom and naturality.

1986 Amer. Hist. Rev. 91 386 The conception or conceptions that this epoch had of naturality..resulted from partial investigations.

†b. Natural unmodified state. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1649 J. Bulwer Pathomyotomia ii. i. 96 Which expression is seen in its pure naturality in Boyes.

a. The fact of being in accordance with nature; something which is in accordance with nature; an event, idea, etc., which occurs wholly within nature, or stems purely from natural reason. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > [noun] > conformity to nature

naturalness1577

naturality1643

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > feeling of wonder, astonishment > lack of wonder > [noun] > a natural event

matter of course1577

naturality1643

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §19 The villany of that Spirit..by demonstrating a naturality in one way, makes us mistrust a miracle in another.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe Pref. sig. * Answering the Objection, against the Naturality of the Idea of God, from the Pagan Polytheism.

1931 J. F. Scanlan tr. J. Maritain St. Thomas Aquinas i. 42 Affirming both the essential naturality of metaphysics and the essential supernaturality of the infused virtues.

†b. Realism; faithfulness to nature. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > realistic > quality

naturalness1624

naturality1651

nature1715

1651 G. Daniel Let. in Wks. (1878) II. 206 You may iudge Draughts sometimes in Cole-Works, to hit the Naturalitie of Lines Studied by finer Pencills.

†6. An illustration drawn from natural things. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > [noun] > exemplifying some rule, activity, quality, etc. > serving to confirm or illustrate > illustrative > drawn from natural things

naturality1649

1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης xxi. 185 They..are in his naturalities no better then Spiders.

a1849 H. Coleridge Ess. & Marginalia (1851) II. 41 Any sort of illustrations..are better than stale common-place naturalities, which show no acquaintance with actual nature.

7. Mathematics. The state or property of a mathematical entity of being natural (natural adj. 5b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun]

i-telc1000

telc1000

numberc1300

suma1387

quantitya1398

umberc1400

value1543

term1552

terminus?a1560

quantum1567

valuation1636

numerality1646

numeration1646

numerical1760

numeric1878

naturality1942

1942 S. Eilenberg & S. MacLane in Ann. Math. 43 816 The ‘naturality’ theorem for group extensions showed that T permutes with η.

1945 S. Eilenberg & S. MacLane in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 58 236 The study of functors also provides a technical background for the intuitive notion of naturality and makes it possible to verify by straightforward computation the naturality of an isomorphism.

1982 W. S. Hatcher Logical Found. Math. viii. 312 The notions of universality and naturality in category theory are clearly just as important.

1990 Q. Jrnl. Math. 41 152 This map lifts to a map σ_n : BW (n) → Ω²S^{4n + 1}{2} which by naturality of the Bockstein must be non-zero on H_{4n − 2}.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	naturality
释义	naturalityn. Brit. /ˌnatʃ(ə)ˈralᵻti/, U.S. /ˌnætʃ(ə)ˈrælədi/ Forms: Middle English naturalitee, Middle English naturaltee, 1500s naturalyte, 1500s–1600s 1800s– naturality; also Scottish pre-1700 naturalite, pre-1700 naturalitie. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French naturalité. Etymology: < Middle French, French naturalité (late 13th cent. in Old French) < post-classical Latin naturalitat- , naturalitas natural character (Tertullian, 3rd cent.), naturalness (13th cent. in a British source) < classical Latin nātūrālis natural adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare naturalty n.With letter of naturality (see sense 2) compare Middle French lettres de naturalité (late 15th cent.). 1. Natural, innate character or quality; natural ability. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun] birtha1250 the manner ofc1300 formc1310 propertyc1390 naturea1393 condition1393 qualitya1398 temperc1400 taragec1407 naturality?a1425 profession?a1439 affecta1460 temperament1471 essence?1533 affection1534 spirit?1534 temperature1539 natural spirit1541 character1577 complexion1589 tincture1590 idiom1596 qualification1602 texture1611 connativea1618 thread1632 genius1639 complexure1648 quale1654 indoles1672 suchness1674 staminaa1676 trim1707 tenor1725 colouring1735 tint1760 type1843 aura1859 thusness1883 physis1923 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 21^v (MED) For þat vnderstonde I naturalez..properly of naturalitee of nutricion & of substance, noȝt of quantite. 1516 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 431/2 Thingis..that the said Johne mycht do hymself an he war of perfite wit, naturalite, age and knawlege. a1533 Ld. Berners in tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) Prol. sig. Aj^v Contrary in their opinions, as dyuers in their naturalities. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) let. x. f. 131^v The goddis by their naturalyte and power close vp the furies, and gouerne the steres. a1605 R. Bannatyne Memorials Trans. Scotl. (1836) 167 Lat the world judge specialie sic as ar naturally acquentit with his naturalitie. a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 29 My naturalitie and easie lerning by the ear maid me the mair unsolide and unreadie to use the forme of the art. 1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs ⁋174 To arraigne and examine the naturalities of the other universal main pillars of curing. 1659 G. Torriano Florio's Vocabolario Italiano & Inglese Spécie, kind.., quality, or naturality. 1834 J. Galt Lit. Life & Misc. III. 38 He was a capital hand at blauds of scripture—citing texts as if they came to him by naturality. 1981 Daily Tel. 16 Dec. 12 The human voice sounds different from a loud-speaker, and thereby loses its naturality. †2. The position or rights of a natural-born subject; usually in letter of naturality n. Scottish a document granting citizenship to a foreign national. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > status or rights of being a citizen > position or rights of native-born naturality1518 indigenous rights1858 1518 in R. K. Hannay Acts Lords of Council Public Affairs (1932) 126 [Letters] of naturalite [for Master Anthone Gowzollis, Frenchman] to broik benefice within this realm of Scotland siclyk as he war Scottis born. 1555 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 507 That the elike lettre of naturalitie be grantit..to all..the said King of Frances subiectis..in the realme of Scotland. 1558 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 507 The maist cristine king of france hes grantit ane lettre of Naturalitie for him and his successouris. 1614 W. Barclay Nepenthes sig. A4^v The Spaniards, who haue giuen it the right of naturalitie in their soyle terme it Tabacco. c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1920) I. 37 Quhilkis letteris of naturalitie grantted be the said maist Christiane King is brocht hame and registrate in the buik of parliament. †3. Chiefly Scottish. Natural modesty; appropriate feeling, conduct, emotion, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > humility > modesty > [noun] > natural modesty naturalitya1600 naturaltya1665 the mind > emotion > [noun] ondeeOE moodeOE affection?c1225 affecta1398 feelinga1413 heart1557 stir1563 emotion1603 permotion1656 naturality1822 a1600 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1842) II. 334 That of naturalitie I will do to my barnis as becumis ane fader. a1628 F. Greville Life of Sidney (1651) x. 123 Greater resolution..than the naturality, diffidence, and quiet complexion of the Princes then reigning could well bear. 1822 J. Galt Sir Andrew Wylie III. xxix. 244 I was vexed when I thought he was dead, and that I should have so little naturality. 1847 J. W. Carlyle Early Lett. (1889) 173 To rouse lethargic friends into naturality. 1858 Sc. Haggis (new ed.) 161 Circumstances have naething altered the naturality of my heart. 4. a. The state of nature; the natural, inborn way of behaving; naturalness. ΘΚΠ society > morality > [noun] > not > state of nature as opposed to morality the (also a) state of nature1534 naturality1619 society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > [noun] > immoral state natural to man naturea1500 the (also a) state of nature1534 naturality1619 1619 J. Sempill Sacrilege Sacredly Handled App. 47 They haue even lost the common Principles with Brutish Naturalitie, which..will euen vse a kinde of Commutatiue Iustice, and retribution. 1652 R. Baxter Saints Everlasting Rest (ed. 3) ii. Pref. sig. Q8 As all Morality presupposeth Naturality. 1840 W. Whitman Let. 26 Aug. in Amer. Lit. (1986) 91 353 A full confession..generally operates on me like a good dose of calomel on one who has been stuffing immoderately... Excuse the naturality of my metaphor. 1921 Sci. Monthly Mar. 194 The most characteristic feature of science is its actuality, its reality, its naturality. 1976 A. Hill Summer's End i. 14 Waeter's free and natural, and a hoss is close freind to freedom and naturality. 1986 Amer. Hist. Rev. 91 386 The conception or conceptions that this epoch had of naturality..resulted from partial investigations. †b. Natural unmodified state. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1649 J. Bulwer Pathomyotomia ii. i. 96 Which expression is seen in its pure naturality in Boyes. 5. a. The fact of being in accordance with nature; something which is in accordance with nature; an event, idea, etc., which occurs wholly within nature, or stems purely from natural reason. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > [noun] > conformity to nature naturalness1577 naturality1643 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > feeling of wonder, astonishment > lack of wonder > [noun] > a natural event matter of course1577 naturality1643 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §19 The villany of that Spirit..by demonstrating a naturality in one way, makes us mistrust a miracle in another. View more context for this quotation 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe Pref. sig. * Answering the Objection, against the Naturality of the Idea of God, from the Pagan Polytheism. 1931 J. F. Scanlan tr. J. Maritain St. Thomas Aquinas i. 42 Affirming both the essential naturality of metaphysics and the essential supernaturality of the infused virtues. †b. Realism; faithfulness to nature. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > realistic > quality naturalness1624 naturality1651 nature1715 1651 G. Daniel Let. in Wks. (1878) II. 206 You may iudge Draughts sometimes in Cole-Works, to hit the Naturalitie of Lines Studied by finer Pencills. †6. An illustration drawn from natural things. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > [noun] > exemplifying some rule, activity, quality, etc. > serving to confirm or illustrate > illustrative > drawn from natural things naturality1649 1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης xxi. 185 They..are in his naturalities no better then Spiders. a1849 H. Coleridge Ess. & Marginalia (1851) II. 41 Any sort of illustrations..are better than stale common-place naturalities, which show no acquaintance with actual nature. 7. Mathematics. The state or property of a mathematical entity of being natural (natural adj. 5b). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] i-telc1000 telc1000 numberc1300 suma1387 quantitya1398 umberc1400 value1543 term1552 terminus?a1560 quantum1567 valuation1636 numerality1646 numeration1646 numerical1760 numeric1878 naturality1942 1942 S. Eilenberg & S. MacLane in Ann. Math. 43 816 The ‘naturality’ theorem for group extensions showed that T permutes with η. 1945 S. Eilenberg & S. MacLane in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 58 236 The study of functors also provides a technical background for the intuitive notion of naturality and makes it possible to verify by straightforward computation the naturality of an isomorphism. 1982 W. S. Hatcher Logical Found. Math. viii. 312 The notions of universality and naturality in category theory are clearly just as important. 1990 Q. Jrnl. Math. 41 152 This map lifts to a map σ_n : BW (n) → Ω²S^{4n + 1}{2} which by naturality of the Bockstein must be non-zero on H_{4n − 2}. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?a1425
随便看	at one jet at one jump at one or a stretch at one or a sweep at one push at one shift at one shipe at one sight at one sitting at one stroke at one swoop at one time at one time and another at one time or another at one time with another at one word at one's advantage at one's beck and call at one's best at one's check at one's command at one's convenience at one's device at one's disposal at one's dispose