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单词 needling
释义

needlingn.1

Forms: see need n.1 and -ling suffix1.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: need n.1, -ling suffix1.
Etymology: < need n.1 + -ling suffix1.
Obsolete.
1. A slave, a captive.
ΚΠ
eOE Laws of Ælfred (Corpus Cambr. 173) Introd. xxxv. 38 Gif ðu fioh to borge selle þinum geferan, þe mid þe eardian wille, ne niede ðu hine swa swa niedling [lOE Rochester nydling].
OE tr. Orosius Hist. (Tiber.) (1980) i. v. 24 Hi hys cyn swa raðe geunaredon & hy ealle to nydlingum him gedydon.
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iii. xxviii. 232 On þa ylcan tid hit gelamp, þæt oðre Langbeardisce men genamon & gehergedon sume xl neadlinga.
2. A needy person. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > poor person
poorc1225
poor man?c1225
beggar1340
goodlessa1350
poreleta1382
miserable1484
poor one1562
bankrupt?1563
indigent1563
poorling1581
poor snake1590
needling1608
desperviewa1640
have-nota1739
angishore1835
little worth1885
1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 94 Sure, a good turn shall never guerdon want, A Gift to Needlings is not given, but lent.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

needlingn.2

Brit. /ˈniːdl̩ɪŋ/, /ˈniːdlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈnid(ə)lɪŋ/
Forms: see needle n. and -ing suffix1.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: needle n., -ing suffix1; needle v., -ing suffix1.
Etymology: Partly < needle n. + -ing suffix1, and partly < needle v. + -ing suffix1.
1.
a. Needles (needle n. 8) inserted into a structure to provide support; the operation of inserting such beams.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > [noun] > providing with supporting parts
needling1347
wind-bracing1890
strutting1896
1347–8 9th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Pt. 1 (1883) App. 18 in Parl. Papers (C. 3773) XXXVII. 1 Quod unaqueque postis..sit firmiter conjuncta cum alia et quod sit longitudinis a fundamento terre usque ad summitatem wharfi duodecim pedum, que quidem constructio vocatur Anglice Nedlyng.
1560–1 in R. Adam Edinb. Rec. (1899) II. 143 For scaffeting..xij garrouns for nedling for iijs the pece.
1584 in F. G. Emmison Elizabethan Life (1973) (modernized text) II. 274 The barn lieth unthatched and undaubed in the east end, it lacketh a groundsel, and the north end lacketh underpinning, needling [inserting temporary beams during an underpinning operation], and daubing.
1683 Sheriffhall Coal Acct. Bks. 22 Dec. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Nedling For neidling at 10 s. a day.
1864–87 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) (at cited word) One of the most important examples of needling was that performed at Bayeux cathedral.
1901 J. Black Illustr. Carpenter & Builder Ser.: Scaffolding 48 Fig. 3..gives needling of bottom shore and strutting to top and second rakers.
1957 N.Z. Timber Jrnl. Dec. 59/2 Needling, the process of underpinning in which needles are used in the support of the upper part of the building.
b. English regional (Northamptonshire). A woodwork partition cutting off the acute angle between the rafters of a roof and the floor of an attic, etc. Cf. ashlaring n. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > [noun] > wooden structures or wooden parts of > as (part of) a structure > specific
studding1588
interdice1617
punch1623
intertie1679
angle tie1782
pan1788
nogging piece1819
needling1854
nogging1895
1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 49 Needling, a builder's term for perpendicular studding, to part off the acute angle of a roof.
2.
a. The action or process of using a needle of any kind; work done with a needle.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > [noun] > techniques generally
anaglyptographya1871
needling1878
criblé1879
manière criblée1903
1609 in A. Shearer Extracts Burgh Rec. Dunfermline (1951) 62 Quhilk wound was lairge four inche lang & ressavit four neidill takis to the neidling thairof.
1635 J. Reynolds Triumphs Gods Revenge (new ed.) v. xxiii. 474 He caused her to become, not superficiall, but artificiall therein, as in Dancing, Musicke, Singing, Painting, Writing, Needling, and the like.
1850 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 68 287/1 Cutting, lacing, needling, and twines £130.
1878 G. A. Sala in Gentleman's Mag. May 565 The last [engraving] being at least three parts of machine work to one of free~handed needling.
1977 Engin. Materials & Design Aug. 46/2 The product is essentially chopped glass fibre strands which are mechanically bonded by a needling process to give excellent particle stability.
1982 P. Rance Great Brit. Cheese Bk. i. iii. 65 The cheese is pierced by compressed-air jets, which..replaces the conventional needling on the turntable.
b. Surgery and Medicine. The use or insertion of a surgical, biopsy, or hypodermic needle (originally spec. to couch or extract a cataract).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on the eye
couching1743
reclination1820
strabotomy1844
iridectomy1855
iridotomy1855
iridodesis1858
enucleation1867
peritomy1869
syndectomy1869
iridodialysis1876
sclerotomy1876
capsulotomy1877
needling1879
evisceration1883
cyclodialysis1908
vitrectomy1968
1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 483 Cataracts..dealt with by needling, suction, and a..capsular operation.
1903 Westm. Gaz. 15 Apr. 5/1 The operation is technically known as ‘needling,’ and is, we understand, necessary in something like forty-three percent. of the operations that are performed for cataract.
1925 Amer. Naturalist 59 105 In from 7 to 10 days after the needling operation the serum of each rabbit was again tested for lens precipitins.
1964 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) xix. 268 If the opacity is large, the operation of discission (needling) is necessary whereby the capsule is perforated.
1977 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 64 113 Using ultrasound, an amoebic abscess can be accurately located within the liver and the optimal site for needling suggested to the clinician.
1989 Clin. Endocrinol. 31 565 Foetal samples were collected by transabdominal needling from the placental cord insertion.
2002 Jrnl. Glaucoma 11 183 Two patients in whom aqueous misdirection developed after trabeculectomy refractory to standard medical and laser therapy underwent transcorneal needling.
c. Treatment with acupuncture needles; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > puncture > [noun] > acupuncture
acupuncture1684
acupuncturation1743
acupunctuation1821
needle-puncturing1834
needling1929
1929 Science 13 Dec. 564/1 Anatomical charts were assembled which formed the basis for the curious art of needling or acupuncture.
1936 K. C. Wong Hist. Chinese Med. (ed. 2) i. 3Needling’ occupied a rather important position in ancient times. It developed into the art of acupuncture.
1971 F. Mann Acupuncture (ed. 2) xii. 201 At one moment on the second day I thought I was going to seize up as I've done before and I thought ‘I must get to Dr. Mann for a needling.’
1987 Jrnl. Alternative Med. Feb. 7/4 In the study, the needling was carried out by Dr. Jing Hua Chen..with help from some British acupuncturists.
1997 Esquire Dec. 143/2 According to acupuncturists, nicotine addicts should submit to four to six needlings.
d. slang. The action of annoying, irritating, or goading a person; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > [noun] > action of irritating
tarring1382
taryinga1400
provocationc1485
provokement1645
irritation1703
aggravation1792
chafing1845
needling1941
1941 Sun (Baltimore) 10 Jan. 12/7 The word ‘needling’..is being used more and more frequently in the sense of using sharp bits of persuasion to bring a person to adopt a desired course.
1945 Sun (Baltimore) 17 Feb. 7/3 P.K.W...was plainly irked by some sharp needling of his group.
1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 Nov. 698/5 She undergoes, still buoyant, the familiar needlings of interrogation.
1973 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 28 Oct. 2/1 He was the great complainer of his time, and..Victoria became a better place because of his needling.
1988 M. Seymour Ring of Conspirators iv. 119 Any irritation Henry may have felt at this persistent and uncalled for needling was forgotten two months later.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

needlingadj.

Brit. /ˈniːdl̩ɪŋ/, /ˈniːdlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈnid(ə)lɪŋ/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: needle v., -ing suffix2.
Etymology: < needle v. + -ing suffix2.
That needles; piercing, penetrating; annoying, irritating.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > of action: involving or requiring vigour > vigorous or intense in operation
strongeOE
smartc1300
steevec1300
keen1340
piercinga1400
perceantc1400
forta1513
incisive1528
vigorous1548
forcible1555
emphatical1581
searching1590
nervous1616
strenuous1632
arrowy1650
intent1650
urging1658
sinewous1663
emphatic1689
drastic1808
needling1839
shrewd1842
gimlet1894
the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > [adjective] > irritating
stinginga1250
provocativea1600
nettling1607
provokinga1643
provocating1651
urging1655
aggravating1685
irritating1707
piquing1794
enfevering1799
naggy1825
exasperative1837
raspish1854
exasperating1858
nagging1859
riling1860
provocatory1870
irritative1878
enraging1880
irritant1885
naggish1885
antagonizing1896
teasy1901
soddish1922
pissy1930
jerk1947
needling1958
1839 T. Carlyle Let. 16 Apr. in New Lett. (1904) I. 159 Good Harriet, there is such a lively dispatch in her, such a sharp needling compactness.
1947 R. C. M. Howard in Penguin New Writing 30 124 We dreamed of the plunge and the rise and the endless wind and the rime Of the needling frost that ate its way into eyes and ears and brain.
1958 Spectator 10 Jan. 33/1 Their needling and often impertinent questions.
1984 S. Naipaul Beyond Dragon's Mouth 196 My nerves ripple in a radiation of fine, needling pain.
2001 Herald (Glasgow) (Electronic ed.) 18 June The downside of our work ethic is our (protestant?) guilt. The needling feeling that, through labour, we participate in an ever more demeaning world.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

needlingadv.

Forms: see need n.1 and -ling suffix2.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: need n.1, -ling suffix2.
Etymology: < need n.1 + -ling suffix2. Compare needing adv., needlings adv., needlongs adv.
Obsolete.
1. Forcibly; by force.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [adverb] > forcibly
needlingOE
by (also with, by) fine forcea1375
perforcec1425
in violentc1450
by or in perforce1525
by (also with) main forcec1540
by (also with) main hand1567
vi et armis1618
enixly1671
par force1819
OE Ælfric tr. Basil Admonitio ad Filium Spiritualem 52 Manega gewilniað oðres mannes wolice, and hi beoð benæmede neadlunga hyra agenes.
OE Poenitentiale Pseudo-Egberti (Corpus Cambr.) ii. xiii. 23 Gif hwa mid his ofercræfte wif oððe mæden nydlinga nimð to unriht-hæmede hire unwylles, beo he amansumad.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 199 (MED) Oðer kinnes neddre..criepeð nedlinge þureh nerewe hole and bileueð hire hude baften hire.
2. Necessarily; of necessity.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > [adverb]
needeOE
of (also for, on) needeOE
needseOE
needlingc1225
needs cost?a1300
needlingsc1300
needlya1350
of necessityc1390
needfullya1398
necessarily?a1400
needgatesa1400
needingsa1400
needwaysa1400
needslyc1425
perforcec1425
needilyc1475
needwayc1480
of (or on) force?1507
need-forcea1525
requisitely1565
of very force1587
necessitously1637
necessitively1647
par force1819
imperatively1833
necessitatedly1864
of perforce1897
c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 32 (MED) Lað me is, & noðeles nedlunge ich do hit.
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 99 Nedlunge ȝe moten oðer underuo me oðer þet grisliche wa þet ich am of schadewe.
a1400 (?c1300) Lay Folks Mass Bk. (Royal) (1879) 521 (MED) In charyte are thre kyns loues, þat to parfite pese nedlyng [v.rr. nedlynges, nedely] behoues.
c1480 (a1400) St. Katherine 126 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 445 All ydolis of stok & stane mone nedling rot, & wast, & wane.
a1500 (?a1400) Stanzaic Life of Christ (Harl. 3909) (1926) 2623 (MED) But this vsage..of purificacioun most nedeling thenne endet be.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1eOEn.21347adj.1839adv.OE
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