单词 | needling |
释义 | † needlingn.1 Obsolete. 1. A slave, a captive. ΚΠ eOE Laws of Ælfred (Corpus Cambr. 173) Introd. xxxv. 38 Gif ðu fioh to borge selle þinum geferan, þe mid þe eardian wille, ne niede ðu hine swa swa niedling [lOE Rochester nydling]. OE tr. Orosius Hist. (Tiber.) (1980) i. v. 24 Hi hys cyn swa raðe geunaredon & hy ealle to nydlingum him gedydon. OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iii. xxviii. 232 On þa ylcan tid hit gelamp, þæt oðre Langbeardisce men genamon & gehergedon sume xl neadlinga. 2. A needy person. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > poor person poorc1225 poor man?c1225 beggar1340 goodlessa1350 poreleta1382 miserable1484 poor one1562 bankrupt?1563 indigent1563 poorling1581 poor snake1590 needling1608 desperviewa1640 have-nota1739 angishore1835 little worth1885 1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 94 Sure, a good turn shall never guerdon want, A Gift to Needlings is not given, but lent. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2021). needlingn.2 1. a. Needles (needle n. 8) inserted into a structure to provide support; the operation of inserting such beams. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > [noun] > providing with supporting parts needling1347 wind-bracing1890 strutting1896 1347–8 9th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Pt. 1 (1883) App. 18 in Parl. Papers (C. 3773) XXXVII. 1 Quod unaqueque postis..sit firmiter conjuncta cum alia et quod sit longitudinis a fundamento terre usque ad summitatem wharfi duodecim pedum, que quidem constructio vocatur Anglice Nedlyng. 1560–1 in R. Adam Edinb. Rec. (1899) II. 143 For scaffeting..xij garrouns for nedling for iijs the pece. 1584 in F. G. Emmison Elizabethan Life (1973) (modernized text) II. 274 The barn lieth unthatched and undaubed in the east end, it lacketh a groundsel, and the north end lacketh underpinning, needling [inserting temporary beams during an underpinning operation], and daubing. 1683 Sheriffhall Coal Acct. Bks. 22 Dec. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Nedling For neidling at 10 s. a day. 1864–87 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) (at cited word) One of the most important examples of needling was that performed at Bayeux cathedral. 1901 J. Black Illustr. Carpenter & Builder Ser.: Scaffolding 48 Fig. 3..gives needling of bottom shore and strutting to top and second rakers. 1957 N.Z. Timber Jrnl. Dec. 59/2 Needling, the process of underpinning in which needles are used in the support of the upper part of the building. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > [noun] > wooden structures or wooden parts of > as (part of) a structure > specific studding1588 interdice1617 punch1623 intertie1679 angle tie1782 pan1788 nogging piece1819 needling1854 nogging1895 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 49 Needling, a builder's term for perpendicular studding, to part off the acute angle of a roof. 2. a. The action or process of using a needle of any kind; work done with a needle. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > [noun] > techniques generally anaglyptographya1871 needling1878 criblé1879 manière criblée1903 1609 in A. Shearer Extracts Burgh Rec. Dunfermline (1951) 62 Quhilk wound was lairge four inche lang & ressavit four neidill takis to the neidling thairof. 1635 J. Reynolds Triumphs Gods Revenge (new ed.) v. xxiii. 474 He caused her to become, not superficiall, but artificiall therein, as in Dancing, Musicke, Singing, Painting, Writing, Needling, and the like. 1850 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 68 287/1 Cutting, lacing, needling, and twines £130. 1878 G. A. Sala in Gentleman's Mag. May 565 The last [engraving] being at least three parts of machine work to one of free~handed needling. 1977 Engin. Materials & Design Aug. 46/2 The product is essentially chopped glass fibre strands which are mechanically bonded by a needling process to give excellent particle stability. 1982 P. Rance Great Brit. Cheese Bk. i. iii. 65 The cheese is pierced by compressed-air jets, which..replaces the conventional needling on the turntable. b. Surgery and Medicine. The use or insertion of a surgical, biopsy, or hypodermic needle (originally spec. to couch or extract a cataract). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on the eye couching1743 reclination1820 strabotomy1844 iridectomy1855 iridotomy1855 iridodesis1858 enucleation1867 peritomy1869 syndectomy1869 iridodialysis1876 sclerotomy1876 capsulotomy1877 needling1879 evisceration1883 cyclodialysis1908 vitrectomy1968 1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 483 Cataracts..dealt with by needling, suction, and a..capsular operation. 1903 Westm. Gaz. 15 Apr. 5/1 The operation is technically known as ‘needling,’ and is, we understand, necessary in something like forty-three percent. of the operations that are performed for cataract. 1925 Amer. Naturalist 59 105 In from 7 to 10 days after the needling operation the serum of each rabbit was again tested for lens precipitins. 1964 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) xix. 268 If the opacity is large, the operation of discission (needling) is necessary whereby the capsule is perforated. 1977 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 64 113 Using ultrasound, an amoebic abscess can be accurately located within the liver and the optimal site for needling suggested to the clinician. 1989 Clin. Endocrinol. 31 565 Foetal samples were collected by transabdominal needling from the placental cord insertion. 2002 Jrnl. Glaucoma 11 183 Two patients in whom aqueous misdirection developed after trabeculectomy refractory to standard medical and laser therapy underwent transcorneal needling. c. Treatment with acupuncture needles; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > puncture > [noun] > acupuncture acupuncture1684 acupuncturation1743 acupunctuation1821 needle-puncturing1834 needling1929 1929 Science 13 Dec. 564/1 Anatomical charts were assembled which formed the basis for the curious art of needling or acupuncture. 1936 K. C. Wong Hist. Chinese Med. (ed. 2) i. 3 ‘Needling’ occupied a rather important position in ancient times. It developed into the art of acupuncture. 1971 F. Mann Acupuncture (ed. 2) xii. 201 At one moment on the second day I thought I was going to seize up as I've done before and I thought ‘I must get to Dr. Mann for a needling.’ 1987 Jrnl. Alternative Med. Feb. 7/4 In the study, the needling was carried out by Dr. Jing Hua Chen..with help from some British acupuncturists. 1997 Esquire Dec. 143/2 According to acupuncturists, nicotine addicts should submit to four to six needlings. d. slang. The action of annoying, irritating, or goading a person; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > [noun] > action of irritating tarring1382 taryinga1400 provocationc1485 provokement1645 irritation1703 aggravation1792 chafing1845 needling1941 1941 Sun (Baltimore) 10 Jan. 12/7 The word ‘needling’..is being used more and more frequently in the sense of using sharp bits of persuasion to bring a person to adopt a desired course. 1945 Sun (Baltimore) 17 Feb. 7/3 P.K.W...was plainly irked by some sharp needling of his group. 1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 Nov. 698/5 She undergoes, still buoyant, the familiar needlings of interrogation. 1973 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 28 Oct. 2/1 He was the great complainer of his time, and..Victoria became a better place because of his needling. 1988 M. Seymour Ring of Conspirators iv. 119 Any irritation Henry may have felt at this persistent and uncalled for needling was forgotten two months later. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). needlingadj. That needles; piercing, penetrating; annoying, irritating. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > of action: involving or requiring vigour > vigorous or intense in operation strongeOE smartc1300 steevec1300 keen1340 piercinga1400 perceantc1400 forta1513 incisive1528 vigorous1548 forcible1555 emphatical1581 searching1590 nervous1616 strenuous1632 arrowy1650 intent1650 urging1658 sinewous1663 emphatic1689 drastic1808 needling1839 shrewd1842 gimlet1894 the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > [adjective] > irritating stinginga1250 provocativea1600 nettling1607 provokinga1643 provocating1651 urging1655 aggravating1685 irritating1707 piquing1794 enfevering1799 naggy1825 exasperative1837 raspish1854 exasperating1858 nagging1859 riling1860 provocatory1870 irritative1878 enraging1880 irritant1885 naggish1885 antagonizing1896 teasy1901 soddish1922 pissy1930 jerk1947 needling1958 1839 T. Carlyle Let. 16 Apr. in New Lett. (1904) I. 159 Good Harriet, there is such a lively dispatch in her, such a sharp needling compactness. 1947 R. C. M. Howard in Penguin New Writing 30 124 We dreamed of the plunge and the rise and the endless wind and the rime Of the needling frost that ate its way into eyes and ears and brain. 1958 Spectator 10 Jan. 33/1 Their needling and often impertinent questions. 1984 S. Naipaul Beyond Dragon's Mouth 196 My nerves ripple in a radiation of fine, needling pain. 2001 Herald (Glasgow) (Electronic ed.) 18 June The downside of our work ethic is our (protestant?) guilt. The needling feeling that, through labour, we participate in an ever more demeaning world. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † needlingadv. Obsolete. 1. Forcibly; by force. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [adverb] > forcibly needlingOE by (also with, by) fine forcea1375 perforcec1425 in violentc1450 by or in perforce1525 by (also with) main forcec1540 by (also with) main hand1567 vi et armis1618 enixly1671 par force1819 OE Ælfric tr. Basil Admonitio ad Filium Spiritualem 52 Manega gewilniað oðres mannes wolice, and hi beoð benæmede neadlunga hyra agenes. OE Poenitentiale Pseudo-Egberti (Corpus Cambr.) ii. xiii. 23 Gif hwa mid his ofercræfte wif oððe mæden nydlinga nimð to unriht-hæmede hire unwylles, beo he amansumad. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 199 (MED) Oðer kinnes neddre..criepeð nedlinge þureh nerewe hole and bileueð hire hude baften hire. 2. Necessarily; of necessity. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > necessity > [adverb] needeOE of (also for, on) needeOE needseOE needlingc1225 needs cost?a1300 needlingsc1300 needlya1350 of necessityc1390 needfullya1398 necessarily?a1400 needgatesa1400 needingsa1400 needwaysa1400 needslyc1425 perforcec1425 needilyc1475 needwayc1480 of (or on) force?1507 need-forcea1525 requisitely1565 of very force1587 necessitously1637 necessitively1647 par force1819 imperatively1833 necessitatedly1864 of perforce1897 c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 32 (MED) Lað me is, & noðeles nedlunge ich do hit. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 99 Nedlunge ȝe moten oðer underuo me oðer þet grisliche wa þet ich am of schadewe. a1400 (?c1300) Lay Folks Mass Bk. (Royal) (1879) 521 (MED) In charyte are thre kyns loues, þat to parfite pese nedlyng [v.rr. nedlynges, nedely] behoues. c1480 (a1400) St. Katherine 126 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 445 All ydolis of stok & stane mone nedling rot, & wast, & wane. a1500 (?a1400) Stanzaic Life of Christ (Harl. 3909) (1926) 2623 (MED) But this vsage..of purificacioun most nedeling thenne endet be. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1eOEn.21347adj.1839adv.OE |
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