per quodadv.n.adj.

Brit.

/pəː ˈkwɒd/, U.S.

/ˌpər ˈkwɑd/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin per quod.

Etymology: < classical Latin per quod whereby < per per prep. + quod what (see what pron.).

Law.

A. adv.

Whereby, in consequence of; consequently.In quot. a1612 probably: = whereby adv. 2.

ΚΠ

a1612 W. Fowler Wks. (1914) I. 327 How can shee honour me in mortis fluctu? per quod will shee resound to men my losss [sic]?

a1648 J. Godbolt Rep. Certain Cases Courts of Rec. Westm. (1652) 54 The Nusance was laid in one Town per quod his Mill in another Town could not grinde.

1876 Internal Revenue Rec. 22 41/2 He wrote..a letter recommending the plaintiff's removal from his clerkship.., per quod he lost his office and suffered great damage.

1970 Knight's Industr. Rep. 8 1072 A bus conductress, having had an altercation with a passenger, pulled the bell to start the bus just before the other party to the altercation was getting off, per quod she was injured.

1994 New Jersey Law Jrnl. (Nexis) 28 Feb. 58 Plaintiff and his wife, Maria, per quod, filed a complaint against defendant and others alleging injuries and damages as a result of defendant's negligence.

B. n.

That part of a declaration in which the plaintiff alleges the special damage which the defendant's action has caused, beginning with the phrase per quod. Now historical and rare.

ΚΠ

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. viii. 124 It is necessary that the plaintiff should aver some particular damage to have happened; which is called laying his action with a per quod.

1868 Siner & Wife v. Great Western Railway Co. 1 May in J. R. Bulwer Law Rep. Exchequer III. 154 Suppose the defendants had covenanted with the plaintiff under seal to carry her to a particular place, and to provide proper means of exit from the carriage, and that the plaintiff..went on to say..I jumped from the carriage, and in so doing hurt myself. Would that be a per quod?

1949 Rep. Cases King's Bench 2 183 The gist of the husband's action as the old-time lawyers expressed it, lay in the per quod, that is to say, the basis of the action was that it was to recover for the husband the damage done to him and to his rights as a husband.

C. adj.

(Originally as postmodifier). Involving a claim for damages.

ΚΠ

1842 ‘J. Cypress, Jr.’ Sporting Scenes II. 10 Have you never yet heard of an action per quod, for running away with a woman?

1956 Ld. Goddard Judgment 24 Mar. in All Eng. Law Rep. 1 810 The main question for decision..was whether if the servant only had an action on the case the master could bring a per quod action in case.

1962 Cornell Law Q. 47 17 Since the allegation of special damage in a tort action was traditionally introduced by the phrase ‘per quod’.., followed by the recital of the damage, actions requiring such allegation came to be known as ‘actionable per quod’.

1996 T. D. Morris Southern Slavery & Law 205 Compensation for the loss of labor, the remedy by the per quod action, was not adequate.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	per quod
释义	per quodadv.n.adj. Brit. /pəː ˈkwɒd/, U.S. /ˌpər ˈkwɑd/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin per quod. Etymology: < classical Latin per quod whereby < per per prep. + quod what (see what pron.). Law. A. adv. Whereby, in consequence of; consequently.In quot. a1612 probably: = whereby adv. 2. ΚΠ a1612 W. Fowler Wks. (1914) I. 327 How can shee honour me in mortis fluctu? per quod will shee resound to men my losss [sic]? a1648 J. Godbolt Rep. Certain Cases Courts of Rec. Westm. (1652) 54 The Nusance was laid in one Town per quod his Mill in another Town could not grinde. 1876 Internal Revenue Rec. 22 41/2 He wrote..a letter recommending the plaintiff's removal from his clerkship.., per quod he lost his office and suffered great damage. 1970 Knight's Industr. Rep. 8 1072 A bus conductress, having had an altercation with a passenger, pulled the bell to start the bus just before the other party to the altercation was getting off, per quod she was injured. 1994 New Jersey Law Jrnl. (Nexis) 28 Feb. 58 Plaintiff and his wife, Maria, per quod, filed a complaint against defendant and others alleging injuries and damages as a result of defendant's negligence. B. n. That part of a declaration in which the plaintiff alleges the special damage which the defendant's action has caused, beginning with the phrase per quod. Now historical and rare. ΚΠ 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. viii. 124 It is necessary that the plaintiff should aver some particular damage to have happened; which is called laying his action with a per quod. 1868 Siner & Wife v. Great Western Railway Co. 1 May in J. R. Bulwer Law Rep. Exchequer III. 154 Suppose the defendants had covenanted with the plaintiff under seal to carry her to a particular place, and to provide proper means of exit from the carriage, and that the plaintiff..went on to say..I jumped from the carriage, and in so doing hurt myself. Would that be a per quod? 1949 Rep. Cases King's Bench 2 183 The gist of the husband's action as the old-time lawyers expressed it, lay in the per quod, that is to say, the basis of the action was that it was to recover for the husband the damage done to him and to his rights as a husband. C. adj. (Originally as postmodifier). Involving a claim for damages. ΚΠ 1842 ‘J. Cypress, Jr.’ Sporting Scenes II. 10 Have you never yet heard of an action per quod, for running away with a woman? 1956 Ld. Goddard Judgment 24 Mar. in All Eng. Law Rep. 1 810 The main question for decision..was whether if the servant only had an action on the case the master could bring a per quod action in case. 1962 Cornell Law Q. 47 17 Since the allegation of special damage in a tort action was traditionally introduced by the phrase ‘per quod’.., followed by the recital of the damage, actions requiring such allegation came to be known as ‘actionable per quod’. 1996 T. D. Morris Southern Slavery & Law 205 Compensation for the loss of labor, the remedy by the per quod action, was not adequate. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.n.adj.a1612
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