muftin.¹

Brit.

/ˈmʌfti/, U.S.

/ˈməfti/

Forms: 1500s muphtie, 1500s– mufti, 1600s mophti, 1600s mophty, 1600s moufti, 1600s muffty, 1600s mufiti, 1600s muftie, 1600s–1700s muffti, 1600s–1700s mufty, 1600s–1700s muphti, 1600s–1800s muftee, 1800s mooftee, 1800s moofti.

Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Arabic. Perhaps partly a borrowing from French. Perhaps partly a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Arabic muftī; French mufti, Italian mufti.

Etymology: < Middle French, French mufti, muphti (mid 16th cent.; 1546 as †mofty , 1580 in the passage translated in quot. 1586 at sense 1 as †muphty ; also moufti (1608), †mouphty (1694 in the passage translated in quot. 1695 at sense 1)) or Italian mufti (1529) and their etymon Arabic muftī, active participle of aftā to give a decision on a point of law (see fatwa n.). Compare Portuguese mufti (17th cent.), Spanish muftí (1558; 1492 as moftí).

1. Islam. A Muslim cleric or expert in Islamic law empowered to give rulings on religious matters, esp. a legal scholar competent to deliver a fatwa. In the Ottoman Empire: the official head of religion within the state (also Grand Mufti); a deputy appointed by him as chief legal authority for a large city.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > various non-Christian superiors > [noun] > Muslim

mufti1586

Mahdi1625

Sheikh-ul-Islam (properly Sheikhu 'l Islam)1686

Khilafat1921

ayatollah1950

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > Muslim

mufti1586

shereef1599

alfaqui1600

imam1613

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 680 The Muphtie is chief of the religion, and looketh vnto matters of conscience.

1595 A. Hartwell tr. G. T. Minadoi Hist. Warres Turkes & Persians ii. 41 There are the Mufti, the Fachi, & such like, which are the principall ministers in the Moschea, and in the law.

1609 R. C. True Hist. Disc. Muley Hamets Rising sig. I4^v The chiefest man for iudgement vnder the King [of Barbary] is the Muftie, to whome the partie greeued may appeale from any other ordinary Iudge.

1630 P. Massinger Renegado i. i. sig. B2 One of their Mufties Wee call them Priests at Venice, with a Razor Cutts it of.

1690 J. Dryden Don Sebastian i. i. 6 I tell thee Mufty Good feasting is devout: and thou our Head, Hast a Religious, ruddy Countenancc [sic].

1695 P. Motteux tr. F. Pidou de St. Olon Present State Morocco 115 The Grand Mufti for Affairs of Religion and Justice.

1775 in Claim of Rada Churn (1776) 13/2 In the Phousdance Audlaulet [sic], the Cauree and Muftee of the district, and two Moulewys, shall sit to expound the Law.

1813 Ld. Byron Giaour 12 On her might Muftis gaze, and own That through her eye the Immortal shone.

1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. xi. 247 Not all the marriage oaths sworn before all the parsons, cardinals,..muftis and rabbins in the world.

1944 F. O'Connor Grand Vizier's Daughters in Crab Apple Jelly 35 But the Grand Mufti gave a wicked little grunt and walked in past him with his fez on his pate.

1988 J. L. Esposito Islam iii. 87 Judges were organized under a chief judge appointed by the caliph. They were assisted in their work by experts or legal consultants, muftis.

1991 Saudi Med. Jrnl. 12 iv. 281 Sheikh Shaarawi, a renowned commentator of the Holy Quran, but not a Mufti, refused all types of organ donation.

†2. In extended use. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1654 T. Gataker Disc. Apol. 75 A goodlie number of Popelings, and young little Mufties.

1700 W. King Transactioneer ii. 34 He's the very Muffti, the Oracle of our Club.

a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) V. 247 The great Mufti of Geneva.

1835 Court Mag. 6 189/1 ‘Oh, but’, says some she-mufti, in a turban,..‘if you have good introductions,..then you are welcome everywhere.’ ‘Stop, my worthy mufti,’ I reply; ‘do you suppose’ [etc.].

Derivatives

ˈmuftiship n. rare the office or position of mufti; tenure of this position.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > Muslim > office of

muftiship1678

imamate1728

imamship1895

1678 T. Smith Remarks Manners of Turks 80 If he be preferred to the Muftiship,..presently he becomes infallible.

1690 J. Dryden Don Sebastian iv. ii. 77 The Iniquity of thirty Years Muftiship, converted into Diamonds.

1986 Man 21 102 I discuss the institutional form of the muftiship, and contrast it with the judgeship.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

muftin.²

Brit.

/ˈmʌfti/, U.S.

/ˈməfti/

Forms: 1800s muftee, 1800s mufty, 1800s– mufti, 1900s– muftie.

Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: mufti n.¹

Etymology: Probably humorously < mufti n.¹Perhaps originally with reference to the resemblance between an officer's off-duty clothing of dressing gown, tasselled smoking cap, and slippers, and the stage costume of a mufti.

a. Plain or civilian clothes worn (in military contexts, by permission only) by a person who normally wears a uniform. Frequently in in mufti. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adverb] > in specific way

to (also into, unto) one's (also the) shirtc1300

in or of (a) suitc1325

in ragsa1350

in (also on) one's shirtc1380

in suit of or with1389

thinlya1400

in suit with1488

finely?1552

raggedly1552

smoothly1579

garish1590

briskly1592

in one's waistcoat1607

in mourning1621

in cuerpoa1640

in gala1757

airily1768

plain1808

in mufti1816

in, on one's stocking-soles1827

seedily1837

in beaver1840

back to front1869

dowdily1887

dossily1903

head-to-toe1946

sharp1951

sharply1965

understatedly1972

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > for specific purpose > civilian

coloured clothesa1753

mufti1816

plain clothes1822

cit1835

plebeskin1888

civvies1889

1816 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master ii. 50 His mufti's off, and now, instead, Qui hi per force assumes the red.

1824 in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1825) 479 A lancer in mufty.

1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xiv. 220 Next morning [I] made my appearance in a suit of mufti.

1858 A. Trollope Three Clerks III. ix. 172 He knew that..he was dogged at the distance of some thirty yards by an amiable policeman in mufti.

1896 N. Davis Three Men & a God 122 He was made kennel huntsman to the regimental pack, and spent his time, dressed in most disreputable mufti, between the boiling house and kennels.

1930 W. S. Maugham Cakes & Ale iv. 52 He looked a little like a dean in mufti on his summer holiday in Switzerland.

1965 P. Wayre Wind in Reeds xi. 160 Some in hunt dress;..others displayed a remarkable diversity of muftie.

1975 A. Christie Curtain xvii. 182 Nurse Craven I saw for the first time in mufti instead of her nurse's uniform.

1999 Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) 22 Aug. x. 8/4 Davis wears mufti these days, but his shoes still sport a high military gloss from his 26 years in the Marines.

b. attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adjective] > other

slitteredc1380

tatteredc1380

accoutredc1540

suiteda1592

undressed1605

uniforma1626

full-dressed1731

tucky1748

underdresseda1784

costumed1820

décolleté1831

fancy dressed1836

winter-clad1836

sacked1847

evening-dressed1848

mufti1853

tailor-made1896

swim-suited1955

1853 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1854) I. viii. 73 He has no mufti-coat except one sent him out..to India in the year 1821.

1959 Listener 16 Apr. 681/3 A time of extravagance already remote from the mufti sobrieties of the Third Republic.

1985 K. Mitchell A.D. Anno Domini iii. ii. 180 The wife of Marcus Licinius had wheedled him into descending the stairs of the Julia Victoria in only his mufti tunic.

†2. A civilian; a person wearing mufti. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > peace > civilian life > [noun] > a civilian

gownsman1612

citizena1616

mohair1785

civilian1794

pékin1827

cit1833

mufti1833

non-militant1840

civvy1915

shore-loafer1916

1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log xx, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 461/1 There was also a sprinkling of civilians, or muftees, to use a West India expression.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	mufti
释义	muftin.¹ Brit. /ˈmʌfti/, U.S. /ˈməfti/ Forms: 1500s muphtie, 1500s– mufti, 1600s mophti, 1600s mophty, 1600s moufti, 1600s muffty, 1600s mufiti, 1600s muftie, 1600s–1700s muffti, 1600s–1700s mufty, 1600s–1700s muphti, 1600s–1800s muftee, 1800s mooftee, 1800s moofti. Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Arabic. Perhaps partly a borrowing from French. Perhaps partly a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Arabic muftī; French mufti, Italian mufti. Etymology: < Middle French, French mufti, muphti (mid 16th cent.; 1546 as †mofty , 1580 in the passage translated in quot. 1586 at sense 1 as †muphty ; also moufti (1608), †mouphty (1694 in the passage translated in quot. 1695 at sense 1)) or Italian mufti (1529) and their etymon Arabic muftī, active participle of aftā to give a decision on a point of law (see fatwa n.). Compare Portuguese mufti (17th cent.), Spanish muftí (1558; 1492 as moftí). 1. Islam. A Muslim cleric or expert in Islamic law empowered to give rulings on religious matters, esp. a legal scholar competent to deliver a fatwa. In the Ottoman Empire: the official head of religion within the state (also Grand Mufti); a deputy appointed by him as chief legal authority for a large city. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > various non-Christian superiors > [noun] > Muslim mufti1586 Mahdi1625 Sheikh-ul-Islam (properly Sheikhu 'l Islam)1686 Khilafat1921 ayatollah1950 society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > Muslim mufti1586 shereef1599 alfaqui1600 imam1613 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 680 The Muphtie is chief of the religion, and looketh vnto matters of conscience. 1595 A. Hartwell tr. G. T. Minadoi Hist. Warres Turkes & Persians ii. 41 There are the Mufti, the Fachi, & such like, which are the principall ministers in the Moschea, and in the law. 1609 R. C. True Hist. Disc. Muley Hamets Rising sig. I4^v The chiefest man for iudgement vnder the King [of Barbary] is the Muftie, to whome the partie greeued may appeale from any other ordinary Iudge. 1630 P. Massinger Renegado i. i. sig. B2 One of their Mufties Wee call them Priests at Venice, with a Razor Cutts it of. 1690 J. Dryden Don Sebastian i. i. 6 I tell thee Mufty Good feasting is devout: and thou our Head, Hast a Religious, ruddy Countenancc [sic]. 1695 P. Motteux tr. F. Pidou de St. Olon Present State Morocco 115 The Grand Mufti for Affairs of Religion and Justice. 1775 in Claim of Rada Churn (1776) 13/2 In the Phousdance Audlaulet [sic], the Cauree and Muftee of the district, and two Moulewys, shall sit to expound the Law. 1813 Ld. Byron Giaour 12 On her might Muftis gaze, and own That through her eye the Immortal shone. 1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. xi. 247 Not all the marriage oaths sworn before all the parsons, cardinals,..muftis and rabbins in the world. 1944 F. O'Connor Grand Vizier's Daughters in Crab Apple Jelly 35 But the Grand Mufti gave a wicked little grunt and walked in past him with his fez on his pate. 1988 J. L. Esposito Islam iii. 87 Judges were organized under a chief judge appointed by the caliph. They were assisted in their work by experts or legal consultants, muftis. 1991 Saudi Med. Jrnl. 12 iv. 281 Sheikh Shaarawi, a renowned commentator of the Holy Quran, but not a Mufti, refused all types of organ donation. †2. In extended use. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1654 T. Gataker Disc. Apol. 75 A goodlie number of Popelings, and young little Mufties. 1700 W. King Transactioneer ii. 34 He's the very Muffti, the Oracle of our Club. a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) V. 247 The great Mufti of Geneva. 1835 Court Mag. 6 189/1 ‘Oh, but’, says some she-mufti, in a turban,..‘if you have good introductions,..then you are welcome everywhere.’ ‘Stop, my worthy mufti,’ I reply; ‘do you suppose’ [etc.]. Derivatives ˈmuftiship n. rare the office or position of mufti; tenure of this position. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > Muslim > office of muftiship1678 imamate1728 imamship1895 1678 T. Smith Remarks Manners of Turks 80 If he be preferred to the Muftiship,..presently he becomes infallible. 1690 J. Dryden Don Sebastian iv. ii. 77 The Iniquity of thirty Years Muftiship, converted into Diamonds. 1986 Man 21 102 I discuss the institutional form of the muftiship, and contrast it with the judgeship. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). muftin.² Brit. /ˈmʌfti/, U.S. /ˈməfti/ Forms: 1800s muftee, 1800s mufty, 1800s– mufti, 1900s– muftie. Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: mufti n.¹ Etymology: Probably humorously < mufti n.¹Perhaps originally with reference to the resemblance between an officer's off-duty clothing of dressing gown, tasselled smoking cap, and slippers, and the stage costume of a mufti. 1. a. Plain or civilian clothes worn (in military contexts, by permission only) by a person who normally wears a uniform. Frequently in in mufti. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adverb] > in specific way to (also into, unto) one's (also the) shirtc1300 in or of (a) suitc1325 in ragsa1350 in (also on) one's shirtc1380 in suit of or with1389 thinlya1400 in suit with1488 finely?1552 raggedly1552 smoothly1579 garish1590 briskly1592 in one's waistcoat1607 in mourning1621 in cuerpoa1640 in gala1757 airily1768 plain1808 in mufti1816 in, on one's stocking-soles1827 seedily1837 in beaver1840 back to front1869 dowdily1887 dossily1903 head-to-toe1946 sharp1951 sharply1965 understatedly1972 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > for specific purpose > civilian coloured clothesa1753 mufti1816 plain clothes1822 cit1835 plebeskin1888 civvies1889 1816 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master ii. 50 His mufti's off, and now, instead, Qui hi per force assumes the red. 1824 in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1825) 479 A lancer in mufty. 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xiv. 220 Next morning [I] made my appearance in a suit of mufti. 1858 A. Trollope Three Clerks III. ix. 172 He knew that..he was dogged at the distance of some thirty yards by an amiable policeman in mufti. 1896 N. Davis Three Men & a God 122 He was made kennel huntsman to the regimental pack, and spent his time, dressed in most disreputable mufti, between the boiling house and kennels. 1930 W. S. Maugham Cakes & Ale iv. 52 He looked a little like a dean in mufti on his summer holiday in Switzerland. 1965 P. Wayre Wind in Reeds xi. 160 Some in hunt dress;..others displayed a remarkable diversity of muftie. 1975 A. Christie Curtain xvii. 182 Nurse Craven I saw for the first time in mufti instead of her nurse's uniform. 1999 Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) 22 Aug. x. 8/4 Davis wears mufti these days, but his shoes still sport a high military gloss from his 26 years in the Marines. b. attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adjective] > other slitteredc1380 tatteredc1380 accoutredc1540 suiteda1592 undressed1605 uniforma1626 full-dressed1731 tucky1748 underdresseda1784 costumed1820 décolleté1831 fancy dressed1836 winter-clad1836 sacked1847 evening-dressed1848 mufti1853 tailor-made1896 swim-suited1955 1853 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1854) I. viii. 73 He has no mufti-coat except one sent him out..to India in the year 1821. 1959 Listener 16 Apr. 681/3 A time of extravagance already remote from the mufti sobrieties of the Third Republic. 1985 K. Mitchell A.D. Anno Domini iii. ii. 180 The wife of Marcus Licinius had wheedled him into descending the stairs of the Julia Victoria in only his mufti tunic. †2. A civilian; a person wearing mufti. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > peace > civilian life > [noun] > a civilian gownsman1612 citizena1616 mohair1785 civilian1794 pékin1827 cit1833 mufti1833 non-militant1840 civvy1915 shore-loafer1916 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log xx, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 461/1 There was also a sprinkling of civilians, or muftees, to use a West India expression. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹1586n.²1816
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muftin.1

Derivatives

muftin.2

muftin.¹

muftin.²