Siwalikn.

/sɪˈwɑːlɪk/

Forms: Also †Sewalik; Sivalik.

Etymology: Hindi.

a. The name of the southern outlying foot hills of the Himalayas, extending from Sikkim through Nepal and India to Pakistan, used attributively with reference to the thick sequence of fluviatile and lacustrine sediments, rich in fossil vertebrates, of which they are composed and the time in the Pliocene (or late Miocene) to early Pleistocene when they were deposited.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > of prehistoric periods

prolepticala1646

ante-historical1724

ante-historic1828

lacustrine1830

palaeotherian1831

prehistoric1832

Siwalik1836

megalithic1839

subarctic1846

meta-historical1854

prehistorical1854

lithic1862

protolithic1863

Archaeolithic1865

lacustrian1865

Palaeolithic1865

Mesolithic1866

Hallstatt1869

microlithic1872

palaeocosmic1875

Silurian1875

Miolithic1877

archilithic1879

eneolithic1886

palaeolithical1887

Solutrian1888

eolithic1890

Hallstattian1893

Chellean1894

pre-Palaeolithic1894

palaeolithoid1896

protolithic1896

Siculian1896

Siculic1896

Azilian1899

Acheulean1901

Villanova1901

chalcolithic1902

sub-Neolithic1903

Mesvinian1905

protoneolithic1906

Sicanian1909

Siculan1909

Aurignacian1914

Getulian1914

Châtelperron1915

epipalaeolithic1921

Creswellian1926

Capsian1928

Villanovan1928

Chelleo-Acheulean1930

Abbevillian1934

Swiderian1936

dryas1946

Shamvaian1947

Mazovian1965

Devensian1968

talayotic1974

1836 H. Falconer & P. T. Cautley in Asiatic Researches 19 xiii. 200 There existed along with the Mastodon, Sivatherium, Fossil Camel, &c. of the Sivalik deposits, a large distinct species of Bear, equalling if not exceeding the largest known of the genus.

1864 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 20 i. 383 He refers the rocks observed [in the northwestern Himalayas] to the following formations:—1. The fluvio-lacustrine series... 2. The Siwalik series... 6. The Palæozoic series.

1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 827/2 It is from the ranges in the vicinity of the Jumna river that the characteristic Siwálik fossils have chiefly been obtained.

1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 828/2 This embryo Himalaya may have been of such moderate height as to have permitted the passage across it of the Siwálik mammals.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 466/1 Dr. Dubois..excavated from a bed, considered by him to be of Sivalik formation (Pliocene), a thighbone which competent anatomists decide to be human.

1908 H. B. C. Sollas & W. J. Sollas tr. E. Suess Face of Earth III. iv. vi. 218 Sediments possibly of Siwalik age.

1955 J. C. Brown & A. K. Dey India's Mineral Wealth (ed. 3) xix. 697 The outer margin of the Himalayas is formed by a continuous fringe of foot-hills built of the rocks of the Siwalik Series.

1975 A. M. Davies et al. Tertiary Faunas (ed. 2) II. vi. 359 From the Indian subcontinent the Middle Siwalik succession is of Late Miocene equivalent.

b. absol. The Siwalik series or period.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [noun] > prehistoric periods

dark ages1842

Iron Age1845

iron period1847

stone period1849

lithic age1862

Aurignac1863

stone age1864

three ages1866

Palaeolithic1869

Middle Stone Age1870

prehistory1871

stone era1873

Siwalik1877

Neolithic1878

hemera1893

Mesvinian1909

Mesolithic1931

Abbevillian1937

Devensian1968

Creswellian1969

dryas1975

1877 Rec. Geol. Surv. India 10 121 Upper Siwalik. This division includes the great conglomerates and associated beds which terminate the tertiary series of the country.

1938 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 94 407 The alluvial deposits of the Bannu and Derejat plains probably conceal..a geological record more or less continuous from the latest Siwalik.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia IX. 246/2 Remains of the first clearly hominid forms..are known from the Siwalik.

1978 Mitchell & Reading in H. G. Reading Sedimentary Environments & Facies xiv. 464/2 Stratabound deposits of uranium with minor vanadium occur in the late Miocene to early Pliocene Middle Siwaliks.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	siwalik
释义	Siwalikn. /sɪˈwɑːlɪk/ Forms: Also †Sewalik; Sivalik. Etymology: Hindi. a. The name of the southern outlying foot hills of the Himalayas, extending from Sikkim through Nepal and India to Pakistan, used attributively with reference to the thick sequence of fluviatile and lacustrine sediments, rich in fossil vertebrates, of which they are composed and the time in the Pliocene (or late Miocene) to early Pleistocene when they were deposited. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > of prehistoric periods prolepticala1646 ante-historical1724 ante-historic1828 lacustrine1830 palaeotherian1831 prehistoric1832 Siwalik1836 megalithic1839 subarctic1846 meta-historical1854 prehistorical1854 lithic1862 protolithic1863 Archaeolithic1865 lacustrian1865 Palaeolithic1865 Mesolithic1866 Hallstatt1869 microlithic1872 palaeocosmic1875 Silurian1875 Miolithic1877 archilithic1879 eneolithic1886 palaeolithical1887 Solutrian1888 eolithic1890 Hallstattian1893 Chellean1894 pre-Palaeolithic1894 palaeolithoid1896 protolithic1896 Siculian1896 Siculic1896 Azilian1899 Acheulean1901 Villanova1901 chalcolithic1902 sub-Neolithic1903 Mesvinian1905 protoneolithic1906 Sicanian1909 Siculan1909 Aurignacian1914 Getulian1914 Châtelperron1915 epipalaeolithic1921 Creswellian1926 Capsian1928 Villanovan1928 Chelleo-Acheulean1930 Abbevillian1934 Swiderian1936 dryas1946 Shamvaian1947 Mazovian1965 Devensian1968 talayotic1974 1836 H. Falconer & P. T. Cautley in Asiatic Researches 19 xiii. 200 There existed along with the Mastodon, Sivatherium, Fossil Camel, &c. of the Sivalik deposits, a large distinct species of Bear, equalling if not exceeding the largest known of the genus. 1864 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 20 i. 383 He refers the rocks observed [in the northwestern Himalayas] to the following formations:—1. The fluvio-lacustrine series... 2. The Siwalik series... 6. The Palæozoic series. 1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 827/2 It is from the ranges in the vicinity of the Jumna river that the characteristic Siwálik fossils have chiefly been obtained. 1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 828/2 This embryo Himalaya may have been of such moderate height as to have permitted the passage across it of the Siwálik mammals. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 466/1 Dr. Dubois..excavated from a bed, considered by him to be of Sivalik formation (Pliocene), a thighbone which competent anatomists decide to be human. 1908 H. B. C. Sollas & W. J. Sollas tr. E. Suess Face of Earth III. iv. vi. 218 Sediments possibly of Siwalik age. 1955 J. C. Brown & A. K. Dey India's Mineral Wealth (ed. 3) xix. 697 The outer margin of the Himalayas is formed by a continuous fringe of foot-hills built of the rocks of the Siwalik Series. 1975 A. M. Davies et al. Tertiary Faunas (ed. 2) II. vi. 359 From the Indian subcontinent the Middle Siwalik succession is of Late Miocene equivalent. b. absol. The Siwalik series or period. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [noun] > prehistoric periods dark ages1842 Iron Age1845 iron period1847 stone period1849 lithic age1862 Aurignac1863 stone age1864 three ages1866 Palaeolithic1869 Middle Stone Age1870 prehistory1871 stone era1873 Siwalik1877 Neolithic1878 hemera1893 Mesvinian1909 Mesolithic1931 Abbevillian1937 Devensian1968 Creswellian1969 dryas1975 1877 Rec. Geol. Surv. India 10 121 Upper Siwalik. This division includes the great conglomerates and associated beds which terminate the tertiary series of the country. 1938 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 94 407 The alluvial deposits of the Bannu and Derejat plains probably conceal..a geological record more or less continuous from the latest Siwalik. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia IX. 246/2 Remains of the first clearly hominid forms..are known from the Siwalik. 1978 Mitchell & Reading in H. G. Reading Sedimentary Environments & Facies xiv. 464/2 Stratabound deposits of uranium with minor vanadium occur in the late Miocene to early Pliocene Middle Siwaliks. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.1836
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