microsomen.

Brit.

/ˈmʌɪkrəsəʊm/, U.S.

/ˈmaɪkroʊˌsoʊm/,

/ˈmaɪkrəˌsoʊm/

Inflections: Plural microsomata, microsomes.

Forms: 1800s– microsoma, 1800s– microsome.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: micro- comb. form, -some comb. form.

Etymology: < micro- comb. form + -some comb. form, after German Mikrosoma (as plural Mikrosomata , J. von Hanstein Protoplasma als Träger der pflanzlichen u. thierischen Lebensverrichtungen in W. Frommel & F. Pfaff Sammlung von Vorträgen (1880) II. 146). In sense 2 after German Mikrosomen des Zellkerns (plural) and Nucleo-Mikrosoma (E. Strasburger 1884, in Arch. f. mikroskop. Anat. 23 248).

Cell Biology.

a. Any small granule in the cytoplasm of a cell. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > cell > cell substance > [noun] > protoplasm or cytoplasm > structure or substance in cytoplasm

microsome1881

myoneme1893

tonofibril1901

Holmgren1921

tonofibrilla1925

cytoskeleton1936

protofibril1948

protofilament1960

microfilament1963

tonofilament1964

cytosol1965

1881 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 1 475 Imbedded in the protoplasm are almost always strongly refractive granules, which assume a darker tincture—the ‘microsomes’ of Hanstein.

1887 H. M. Ward tr. J. von Sachs Lect. Physiol. Plants i. vi. 79 This substance [sc. the protoplasm]..is thickly set with very numerous small granules (microsomes).

1900 A. J. Ewart tr. W. Pfeffer Physiol. Plants I. ii. 43 Cytoplasm may contain minute bodies..which..may be termed microsomes or microsomata.

1923 Science 9 Mar. 282/1 It is probable that both macrosomes and microsomes may be of several, perhaps many, different kinds.

1935 Bot. Gaz. 97 198 They have been variously termed microsomes, spherosomes, cytosomes, lipoid granules, fat globules, etc.

1943 A. Claude in Science 21 May 453/2 The term microsome..was applied originally by Hanstein (1880) to any granules, as seen in living protoplasm.

b. Any of the particles which constitute the lightest fraction obtained by ultracentrifugation of cell contents under specific conditions and which are formed from fragmented endoplasmic reticulum and attached ribosomes; (also) a ribosome in an intact cell.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > cell > cell organelle or contents > [noun] > other organelles or contents

raphide1831

body1839

raphid1863

mucigen1874

cell sap1875

globoid1875

raphis1879

pyrenoid1883

mucinogen1884

plastid1885

molluscum corpuscle1886

hyalosome1889

molluscum body1892

statolith1892

dictyosome1893

centrosome1895

Nissl body1898

Nissl granule1898

Nissl substance1899

archespore1901

blepharoplast1907

liposome1910

statocone1910

kinetosome1912

Golgi body1916

kinetoplast1925

lipochondrion1936

microsome1943

kappa1945

Pappenheimer body1947

microbody1954

lysosome1955

siderosome1957

ribosome1958

melanosome1961

cisterna1962

microtubule1962

plasmalemmasome1962

phagolysosome1963

informosome1964

monosome1964

mucocyst1965

peroxisome1965

rhoptry1967

spectrin1968

virosome1970

1943 A. Claude in Science 21 May 453/2 In order to differentiate the small particles from the other, already identified elements of the cell, it may be convenient in the future to refer to this new component under a descriptive name which would be specific. For this purpose the term microsome appears to be the most appropriate. The term microsome..was applied originally by Hanstein (1880) to any granules, as seen in living protoplasm. The use of the word was progressively narrowed down, being retained as a general term to designate any small granules of undefined nature. Under these conditions, it seems proper to suggest that the term microsome..should be restricted to designate the small particles exclusively.

1955 Federation Proc. (Federation Amer. Soc. Exper. Biol.) 14 262/1 It was found that the microsomes are morphologically identical with the vesicular and tubular elements of the endoplasmic reticula (ER) of intact cells.

1960 New Biol. 31 30 The microsomes themselves, which are obtained after the cell has been broken down, are vesicles made of two components: a membrane, which is rich in proteins and lipids, and very small granules... These small particles contain as much as 40–50 per cent RNA and..most of the cellular RNA is present in them.

1968 L. L. Langley Cell Function (ed. 2) i. 9 The endoplasmic reticulum is seen..to form a series of small canals through the cytoplasm... Closely associated with the membranes which line the canals are tiny granules termed microsomes. Because they contain such a high concentration of RNA, they are often referred to as ribosomes.

1970 E. J. Ambrose & D. M. Easty Cell Biol. v. 164 Microsomes are in fact small spherical vesicles formed from disrupted endoplasmic reticulum. The microsomal fraction of homogenized cells may also contain ribosomes.

1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 2392/1 The products were analyzed for integration or translocation into dog pancreas microsomes.

2. An area of relatively condensed chromatin, resembling a granule, in a chromosome. Cf. microsomal adj. 1. disused.

ΚΠ

1887 Bot. Gaz. 12 193 As yet I have not studied especially what parts of the nucleus are colored, but it appears to be the nucleolus and microsomes only.

1889 Amer. Naturalist 23 464 It is usually membranate, and has numerous fine granules of chromatine, microsomata, derived from the pronuclei.

1890 Jrnl. Torrey Bot. Club 17 117 The other (chromatin) staining very intensely, and in the earlier stages of division showing more or less distinctly as separate portions (microsomes).

1920 Times Lit. Suppl. 8 Apr. 221/1 The persistence of the microsomes, which compose each chromosome, like beads on a string.

1923 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 10 352 Strasburger (1884), working on Tradescantia, recognizes the Pfitzner granules as microsome disks.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	microsome
释义	microsomen. Brit. /ˈmʌɪkrəsəʊm/, U.S. /ˈmaɪkroʊˌsoʊm/, /ˈmaɪkrəˌsoʊm/ Inflections: Plural microsomata, microsomes. Forms: 1800s– microsoma, 1800s– microsome. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: micro- comb. form, -some comb. form. Etymology: < micro- comb. form + -some comb. form, after German Mikrosoma (as plural Mikrosomata , J. von Hanstein Protoplasma als Träger der pflanzlichen u. thierischen Lebensverrichtungen in W. Frommel & F. Pfaff Sammlung von Vorträgen (1880) II. 146). In sense 2 after German Mikrosomen des Zellkerns (plural) and Nucleo-Mikrosoma (E. Strasburger 1884, in Arch. f. mikroskop. Anat. 23 248). Cell Biology. 1. a. Any small granule in the cytoplasm of a cell. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > cell > cell substance > [noun] > protoplasm or cytoplasm > structure or substance in cytoplasm microsome1881 myoneme1893 tonofibril1901 Holmgren1921 tonofibrilla1925 cytoskeleton1936 protofibril1948 protofilament1960 microfilament1963 tonofilament1964 cytosol1965 1881 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 1 475 Imbedded in the protoplasm are almost always strongly refractive granules, which assume a darker tincture—the ‘microsomes’ of Hanstein. 1887 H. M. Ward tr. J. von Sachs Lect. Physiol. Plants i. vi. 79 This substance [sc. the protoplasm]..is thickly set with very numerous small granules (microsomes). 1900 A. J. Ewart tr. W. Pfeffer Physiol. Plants I. ii. 43 Cytoplasm may contain minute bodies..which..may be termed microsomes or microsomata. 1923 Science 9 Mar. 282/1 It is probable that both macrosomes and microsomes may be of several, perhaps many, different kinds. 1935 Bot. Gaz. 97 198 They have been variously termed microsomes, spherosomes, cytosomes, lipoid granules, fat globules, etc. 1943 A. Claude in Science 21 May 453/2 The term microsome..was applied originally by Hanstein (1880) to any granules, as seen in living protoplasm. b. Any of the particles which constitute the lightest fraction obtained by ultracentrifugation of cell contents under specific conditions and which are formed from fragmented endoplasmic reticulum and attached ribosomes; (also) a ribosome in an intact cell. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > cell > cell organelle or contents > [noun] > other organelles or contents raphide1831 body1839 raphid1863 mucigen1874 cell sap1875 globoid1875 raphis1879 pyrenoid1883 mucinogen1884 plastid1885 molluscum corpuscle1886 hyalosome1889 molluscum body1892 statolith1892 dictyosome1893 centrosome1895 Nissl body1898 Nissl granule1898 Nissl substance1899 archespore1901 blepharoplast1907 liposome1910 statocone1910 kinetosome1912 Golgi body1916 kinetoplast1925 lipochondrion1936 microsome1943 kappa1945 Pappenheimer body1947 microbody1954 lysosome1955 siderosome1957 ribosome1958 melanosome1961 cisterna1962 microtubule1962 plasmalemmasome1962 phagolysosome1963 informosome1964 monosome1964 mucocyst1965 peroxisome1965 rhoptry1967 spectrin1968 virosome1970 1943 A. Claude in Science 21 May 453/2 In order to differentiate the small particles from the other, already identified elements of the cell, it may be convenient in the future to refer to this new component under a descriptive name which would be specific. For this purpose the term microsome appears to be the most appropriate. The term microsome..was applied originally by Hanstein (1880) to any granules, as seen in living protoplasm. The use of the word was progressively narrowed down, being retained as a general term to designate any small granules of undefined nature. Under these conditions, it seems proper to suggest that the term microsome..should be restricted to designate the small particles exclusively. 1955 Federation Proc. (Federation Amer. Soc. Exper. Biol.) 14 262/1 It was found that the microsomes are morphologically identical with the vesicular and tubular elements of the endoplasmic reticula (ER) of intact cells. 1960 New Biol. 31 30 The microsomes themselves, which are obtained after the cell has been broken down, are vesicles made of two components: a membrane, which is rich in proteins and lipids, and very small granules... These small particles contain as much as 40–50 per cent RNA and..most of the cellular RNA is present in them. 1968 L. L. Langley Cell Function (ed. 2) i. 9 The endoplasmic reticulum is seen..to form a series of small canals through the cytoplasm... Closely associated with the membranes which line the canals are tiny granules termed microsomes. Because they contain such a high concentration of RNA, they are often referred to as ribosomes. 1970 E. J. Ambrose & D. M. Easty Cell Biol. v. 164 Microsomes are in fact small spherical vesicles formed from disrupted endoplasmic reticulum. The microsomal fraction of homogenized cells may also contain ribosomes. 1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 2392/1 The products were analyzed for integration or translocation into dog pancreas microsomes. 2. An area of relatively condensed chromatin, resembling a granule, in a chromosome. Cf. microsomal adj. 1. disused. ΚΠ 1887 Bot. Gaz. 12 193 As yet I have not studied especially what parts of the nucleus are colored, but it appears to be the nucleolus and microsomes only. 1889 Amer. Naturalist 23 464 It is usually membranate, and has numerous fine granules of chromatine, microsomata, derived from the pronuclei. 1890 Jrnl. Torrey Bot. Club 17 117 The other (chromatin) staining very intensely, and in the earlier stages of division showing more or less distinctly as separate portions (microsomes). 1920 Times Lit. Suppl. 8 Apr. 221/1 The persistence of the microsomes, which compose each chromosome, like beads on a string. 1923 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 10 352 Strasburger (1884), working on Tradescantia, recognizes the Pfitzner granules as microsome disks. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1881
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